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________________ karma aura kArya-maryAdA - paM. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI karma ko kArya-maryAdA : karma kA moTA kAma jIva ko saMsAra meM roke rakhanA hai| parAvartana saMsAra kA dUsarA nAma hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava ke bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| karma ke kAraNa hI jIva ina pA~ca prakAra ke parAvartanoM meM ghUmatA phiratA hai / caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~ aura unameM rahate hue jIva kI jo vividha avasthAe~ hotI haiM unakA mukhya kAraNa karma hai / svAmI samantabhadra 'prApta mImAMsA' meM karma ke kArya kA nirdeza karate hue likhate haiM "kAmAdiprabhavazcitraH krmbndhaanuruuptH|" "jIva kI kAma, krodha Adi rUpa vividha avasthAe~ apane-apane karma ke anurUpa hotI haiN|" bAta yaha hai ki mukta dazA meM jIva kI prati samaya jo svAbhAvika pariNati hotI hai usakA alaga-alaga nimitta kAraNa nahIM hai, nahIM to usameM ekarUpatA nahIM bana sakatI / kintu saMsAra dazA meM vaha pariNati prati samaya judIjudI hotI rahatI hai isaliye usake jude-jude nimitta kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| ye nimitta saMskAra rUpa meM AtmA se sambaddha hote rahate haiM aura tadanukUla pariNati ke paidA karane meM sahAyatA pradAna karate haiN| jIva kI azuddhatA aura zuddhatA ina nimittoM ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva para AdhArita hai| jaba taka ina nimittoM kA eka kSetrAvagAha saMzlezarUpa sambandha rahatA hai taba taka azuddhatA banI rahatI hai| jaina darzana meM inhIM nimittoM ko karma zabda se pukArA gayA hai| aisA bhI hotA hai ki jisa samaya jaisI bAhya sAmagrI milatI hai usa samaya usake anukUla azuddha AtmA kI pariNati hotI hai| sundara susvarUpa strI ke milane para rAga hotA hai| jugupsA kI sAmagrI milane para glAni hotI hai| dhana sampatti ko dekha kara lobha hotA hai aura lobhavaza usake arjana karane, chIna lene yA curA lene kI bhAvanA hotI hai / Thokara lagane para duHkha hotA hai aura mAyA kA saMyoga hone para sukha / isaliye yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kevala karma hI AtmA Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma aura kArya-maryAdA ] . [ 243 kI vividha paristhiti ke hone meM nimitta nahIM haiM kintu anya sAmagrI bhI usakA nimitta hai ataH karma kA sthAna bAhya sAmagrI ko milanA cAhiye / parantu vicAra karane para yaha yukta pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki antaraMga meM vaisI yogyatA ke abhAva meM bAhya sAmagrI kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatI hai / jisa yogI kA rAga bhAva naSTa ho gayA hai usake sAmane prabala rAga kI sAmagrI upasthita hone para bhI rAga paidA nahIM hotA / isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki antaraMga meM yogyatA ke binA bAhya sAmagrI kA koI mUlya nahIM hai| yadyapi karma ke viSaya meM bhI aisA hI kahA jA sakatA hai para karma aura bAhya sAmagrI inameM maulika antara hai| karma jaisI yogyatA kA sUcaka hai para bAhya sAmagrI kA vaisI yogyatA se koI sambandha nhiiN| kabhI vaisI yogyatA ke sadbhAva meM bhI bAhya sAmagrI nahIM milatI aura kabhI usake abhAva meM bhI bAhya sAmagrI kA saMyoga dekhA jAtA hai| kintu karma ke viSaya meM aisI bAta nahIM hai / usakA sambandha tabhI taka prAtmA se rahatA hai jaba taka usameM tadanukUla yogyatA pAI jAtI hai| ataH karma kA sthAna bAhya sAmagrI nahIM le sktii| phira bhI antaraMga meM yogyatA ke rahate hue bAhya sAmagrI ke milane para nyUnAdhika pramANa meM kArya to hotA hI hai isalie nimittoM kI parigaNanA meM bAhya sAmagrI kI bhI ginatI ho jAtI hai| para yaha paramparA nimitta hai / isaliye isakI parigaNanA to karma ke sthAna meM kI gaI hai| , ___ itane vivecana se karma kI kArya-maryAdA kA patA laga jAtA hai| karma ke nimitta se jIva kI vividha prakAra. kI avasthA hotI hai aura jIva meM aisI yogyatA AtI hai jisase vaha yoga dvArA yathAyogya zarIra, vacana aura mana ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa kara unheM apanI yogyatAnusAra pariNamAtA hai / karma kI kArya-maryAdA yadyapi ukta prakAra kI hai tathApi adhikatara vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti bhI karma se hotI hai| ina vicAroM kI puSTi meM ve 'mokSa mArga prakAza' ke nimna ullekhoM ko upasthita karate haiM- "tahA~ vedanIya kari to zarIra viSa vA zarIra tai bAhya nAnA prakAra sukha duHkhAni ko kAraNa para dravya kA saMyoga jurai hai / " pR0 35 usI se dUsarA pramANa ve yoM dete haiM "bahari karmani viSai vedanIya ke udaya kari zarIra viSai bAhya sukha duHkha kA kAraNa nipajai hai / zarIra viSai Arogyapanau, rogIpanau, zaktivAnapanau, durbalapanau ara kSudhA, tRSA, roga, kheda, pIr3A ityAdi sukha duHkhAni ke kAraNa ho haiM / bahuri bAhya viSa suhAvanA Rtu pavanAdika vA iSTa strI putrAdika vA mitra dhanAdika.... sukha duHkha ke kAraka hI haiM / " pR0 56 / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 244 ] [ karma siddhAnta I ina vicAroM kI paramparA yahIM taka nahIM jAtI hai kintu isase pUrvavartI bahuta se lekhakoM ne bhI aise hI vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| purANoM meM puNya aura pApa mahimA isI AdhAra se gAI gaI hai / amitagati ke 'subhASita ratna sandoha' meM daivanirUpaNa nAma kA eka adhikAra hai / usameM bhI aisA hI batalAyA hai / vahA~ likhA hai ki pApI jIva samudra meM praveza karane para bhI ratna nahIM pAtA kintu - puNyAtmA jIva taTa para baiThe hI unheM prApta kara letA hai / yathA-- 'jaladhigato'pi na kazcitkazcitaTago'pi ratnamupayAti / ' kintu vicAra karane para ukta kaMthana yukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| khulAsA isa prakAra hai karma ke do bheda haiM- jIva vipAkI aura pudgala vipAkI / jo jIva kI vividha avasthA aura pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hote haiM ve jIva vipAkI karma kahalAte haiM / aura jinase vividha prakAra ke zarIra, vacana, mana aura zvAsocchavAsa prApti hotI hai ve pudgala vipAkI karma kahalAte haiM / ina donoM prakAra ke karmoM meM aisA eka bhI karma nahIM batalAyA hai jisakA kAma bAhya sAmagrI kA prApta karAnA ho / sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ye svayaM jIvavipAkI haiN| 'rAjavArtika' meM inake kArya kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai "yasyodayAdda vAdigatiSu zArIramAnasasukha prAptistatsadva dyama / yatphalaM duHkhamanekavidhaM tadasadve dyam / " pRSTha 304 / ina vArtikoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue vahAM likhA hai "aneka prakAra kI devAdi gatiyoM meM jisa karma ke udaya se jIvoM ke prApta hue dravya ke sambandha kI apekSA zArIrika aura mAnasika nAnA prakAra kA sukha rUpa pariNAma hotA hai vaha sAtAvedanIya hai tathA nAnA prakAra kI narakAdi gatiyoM meM jisa karma ke phalasvarUpa janma, jarA, maraNa, iSTa viyoga, aniSTa saMyoga, vyAdhi, vadha aura bandhanAdi se utpanna huA vividha prakAra kA mAnasika aura kAyika duHkha hotA hai vaha asAtA vedanIya hai / " 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM jo sAtA vedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ke svarUpa kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usase bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / zvetAmbara kArmika graMthoM meM bhI ina karmoM kA yahI artha kiyA hai / aisI hAlata meM ina karmoM ko anukUla va pratikUla bAhya sAmagrI ke saMyoga-viyoga meM nimitta mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / vAstava meM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti apane-apane kAraNoM se hotI hai / isakI prApti kA kAraNa koI. karma nahIM hai / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma aura kArya-maryAdA ] [ 245 Upara 'mokSa mArga prakAzaka' ke jisa mata kI carcA kI isake sivA do mata aura milate haiM jinameM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / inameM se pahalA mata to pUrvokta mata se hI milatA julatA hai| dUsarA mata kucha bhinna hai / Age ina donoM ke AdhAra se carcA kara lenA iSTa hai: (1) SaTkhaNDAgama cUlikA anuyoga dvAra meM prakRtiyoM kA nAma nirdeza karate hue sUtra 18 kI TIkA meM vIrasena svAmI ne ina karmoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai / yahA~ sarvaprathama unhoMne sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya kA vahI svarUpa diyA hai jo 'sarvArtha siddhi' Adi meM batalAyA gayA hai| kintu zaMkA-samAdhAna ke prasaMga se unhoMne sAtA vedanIya ko jIva vipAkI aura pudgala vipAkI ubhaya rUpa siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / isa prakaraNa ke vAMcane se jJAta hotA hai ki vIrasena svAmI kA yaha mata thA ki sAtA vedanIya aura asAtA vedanIya kA kAma sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karanA tathA inakI sAmagrI ko juTAnA donoM hai / (2) tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 sUtra 4 kI 'sarvArtha siddhi' TIkA meM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza karate hue lAbhAdi ko usakA kAraNa batalAyA hai| kintu siddhoM meM ati prasaMga dene para lAbhAdi ke sAtha zarIra nAma karma Adi kI apekSA aura lagA dI hai| - ye do aise mata haiM jinameM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti kA kyA kAraNa hai, isakA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai / Adhunika vidvAn bhI inake AdhAra se donoM prakAra ke uttara dete hue pAye jAte haiM / koI to vedanIya ko bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti kA nimitta batalAte haiM aura koI lAbhAntarAya Adi ke kSaya va kSayopazama ko| ina vidvAnoM ke ye mata ukta pramANoM ke bala se bhale hI bane hoM kintu itane mAtra se inakI puSTi nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki ukta kathana mUla karma vyavasthA ke pratikUla par3atA hai| yadi thor3A bahuta ina bAtoM ko prazraya diyA jA sakatA hai to upacAra se hI diyA jA sakatA hai| vIrasena svAmI ne to svarga, bhogabhUmi aura naraka meM sukha-duHkha kI nimittabhUta sAmagrI ke sAtha vahA~ utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ke sAtA aura asAtA ke udaya kA sambandha dekhakara upacAra se isa niyama kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki bAhya sAmagrI sAtA aura asAtA kA phala hai / tathA pUjyapAda svAmI ne saMsArI jIva meM bAhya sAmagrI meM lAbhAdi rUpa pariNAma lAbhAntarAya Adi ke kSayopazama kA phala jAnakara upacAra se isa niyama kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki lAbhAnta rAya Adi ke kSaya va kSayopazama se bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai| tattvataH bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti na to sAtA-asAtA kA hI phala hai aura na Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 246 ] [ karma siddhAnta lAbhAntarAya Adi karma ke kSaya va kSayopazama kA hI phala hai| bAhya sAmagrI ina kAraNoM se na prApta hokara apane-apane kAraNoM se hI prApta hotI hai| udyoga karanA, vyavasAya karanA, majadUrI karanA, vyApAra ke sAdhana jaTAnA, rAjAmahArAjA yA seTha-sAhUkAra kI sAhUkArI karanA, unase dostI jor3anA, ajita dhana kI rakSA karanA, use byAja para lagAnA, prApta dhana ko vividha vyavasAyoM meM lagAnA, khetIbAr3I karanA, jhAMsA dekara ThagI karanA, jeba kATanA, corI karanA, juA khelanA, bhIkha mAMganA, dharmAdaya ko saMcita kara pacA jAnA Adi bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti ke sAdhana haiM / ina va anya kAraNoM se bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai, ukta kAraNoM se nahIM / zaMkA-ina saba bAtoM ke yA inameM se kisI eka ke karane para bhI hAni dekhI jAtI hai so isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-prayatna kI kamI yA bAhya paristhiti yA donoN| zaMkA-kadAcit vyavasAya Adi ke nahIM karane para bhI dhana prApti dekhI jAtI hai to isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-yahA~ yaha dekhanA hai ki vaha prApti kaise huI hai ? kyA kisI ke dene se huI yA kahIM par3A huA dhana milane se huI hai ? yadi kisI ke dene se huI hai to isameM jise milA hai usake vidyA Adi guNa kAraNa haiM yA dene vAle kI svArthasiddhi, prema Adi kAraNa haiN| yadi kahIM par3A huA dhana milane se huI hai to aisI dhana prApti, puNyodaya kA phala kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yaha to corI hai / ataH corI ke bhAva isa dhana prApti meM kAraNa hue na ki sAtA kA udaya / zaMkA-do AdamI eka sAtha eka sA vyavasAya karate haiM phira kyA kAraNa hai ki eka ko lAbha hotA hai dUsare ko hAni ? samAdhAna vyApAra karane meM apanI-apanI yogyatA aura usa samaya kI paristhiti Adi isakA kAraNa hai, pApa-puNya nhiiN| saMyukta vyApAra meM eka ko hAni aura dUsare ko lAbha ho to kadAcit hAni-lAbha, pApa-puNya kA phala mAnA bhI jAye / para aisA hotA nahIM, ataH hAni-lAbha ko pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai / zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya-pApa kA phala nahIM hai to phira eka garIba aura dUsarA zrImAn kyoM hotA hai ? samAdhAna-eka kA garIba aura dUsare kA zrImAn honA yaha vyavasthA kA phala hai, puNya-pApa kA nahIM / jina dezoM meM pUjIvAdI vyavasthA hai aura vyaktigata Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma aura kArya-maryAdA ] [ 247 sampatti ke jor3ane kI koI maryAdA nahIM, vahA~ apanI-apanI yogyatA va sAdhanoM ke anusAra garIba-amIra ina vargoM kI sRSTi huA karatI hai| garIba aura amIra inako pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| rUsa ne bahuta kucha aMzoM meM isa vyavasthA ko tor3a diyA hai isaliye vahA~ isa prakAra kA bheda nahIM dikhAI detA hai phira bhI vahA~ puNya aura pApa to haiM hI / sacamuca meM puNya aura pApa to vaha hai jo ina bAhya vyavasthAoM ke pare haiM aura vaha hai AdhyAtmika / jaina karmazAstra aise hI puNya-pApa kA nirdeza karatA hai| __ zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya-pApa kA phala nahIM hai to siddha jIvoM ko isakI prApti kyoM nahIM hotI ? __ samAdhAna-bAhya sAmagrI kA sadbhAva jahA~ hai vahIM usakI prApti saMbhava hai| yoM to isakI prApti jar3a-cetana donoM ko hotI hai| kyoMki tijorI meM bhI dhana rakhA rahatA hai isaliye use bhI dhana kI prApti kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu jar3a ke rAgAdi bhAva nahIM hotA aura cetana ke hotA hai, isaliye vahI usameM mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva karatA hai / zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya-pApa kA phala nahIM hai to na sahI para sarogatA aura nIrogatA yaha to pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA hI par3atA hai| ___samAdhAna-sarogatA aura nIrogatA yaha pApa-puNya ke udaya kA nimitta bhale hI ho jAya para svayaM vaha pApa-puNya kA phala nahIM hai| jisa prakAra bAhya sAmagrI apane-apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai, usI prakAra sarogatA aura nIrogatA bhI apane-apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai| ise pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| zaMkA-sarogatA aura nIrogatA ke kyA kAraNa haiM ? samAdhAna-asvAsthyakara AhAra, vihAra va saMgati karanA Adi sarogatA ke kAraNa haiM aura svAsthyavardhaka AhAra, vihAra va saMgati karanA Adi nIrogatA ke kAraNa haiN| isa prakAra karma kI kArya-maryAdA kA vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki karma bAhya sampatti ke saMyoga-viyoga kA kAraNa nahIM hai| usakI maryAdA utanI hI hai jisakA nirdeza hama pahale kara Aye haiN| hA~, jIva ke vividha bhAva karma ke nimitta se hote haiM aura ye kahIM-kahIM bAhya sampatti ke arjana Adi meM kAraNa par3ate haiM, itanI bAta avazya hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only