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________________ 14 | karma, karmabandha aura karmakSaya 0 zrI rAjIva pracaMDiyA sUkSma pudgala paramANuoM kA banA huA sUkSma adRzya zarIra vastutaH kArmANa zarIra kahalAtA hai / yaha kArmANa zarIra AtmA meM vyApta rahatA hai| AtmA kA jo svabhAva (ananta jJAna-darzana, ananta Ananda-zakti Adi) hai, usa svabhAva ko jaba yaha sUkSma zarIra vikRta/AcchAdita karatA hai taba yaha AtmA sAMsArika/baddha ho jAtA hai arthAt rAga-dvaSAdika kASAyika bhAvanAoM ke prabhAva meM A jAtA hai arthAt karmabandhana meM baMdha jAtA hai jisake phalasvarUpa yaha jIvAtmA anAdikAla se eka bhava/yoni se dUsare bhava/yoni meM arthAt anantabhavoM/ananta yoniyoM meM isa saMsAra-cakra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / ___ karma jaise mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta kA sUkSma tathA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa jitanA jaina darzana karatA hai utanA vijJAna sammata anya darzana nhiiN| jaina darzana ke samasta siddhAnta/mAnyatAe~ vAstavikatA se anuprANita, prakRti anurUpa tathA pUrvAgraha se sarvathA mukta haiM / phalasvarUpa jaina dharma eka vyAvahArika tathA jIvanopayogI dharma hai| __ 'karmabandhana' kI praNAlI ko samajhane ke lie jainadarzana meM nimna pA~ca mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA ullekha nirUpita hai, yathA (1) Asrava, (2) bandha, (3) saMvara, (4) nirjarA, tathA (5) mokSa / manuSya jaba koI kArya karatA hai, to usake Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM kSobha utpanna hotA hai jisake kAraNa usake cAroM ora upasthita karma-zakti yukta sUkSma pudgala paramANu/kArmANa vargaNA/karma AtmA kI ora AkarSita hote haiN| inakA AtmA kI ora AkarSita honA Asrava tathA AtmA ke sAtha kSetrAvagAha/ eka hI sthAna meM rahane vAlA sambandha bandha kahalAtA hai| ina paramANuoM ko prAtmA kI ora AkRSTa na hone dene kI prakriyA vastutaH saMvara hai| 'nirjarA' Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 108 ] [ karma siddhAnta AtmA se ina sUkSma pudgala paramANuoM ke chUTane kA vidhi-vidhAna hai tathA AtmA kA sarvaprakAra ke karma-paramANuoM se mukta honA mokSa kahalAtA hai| vAstava meM karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra Asrava hai jisake mAdhyama se karma Ate haiN| saMvara ke mAdhyama se yaha dvAra banda hotA hai arthAta navIna karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai tathA jo karma Asrava-dvAra dvArA pUrva hI baddha/saMcita kie jA cuke haiM, unheM nirjarA arthAt tapa/sAdhanA dvArA hI dUra/kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra saMvare aura nirjarA mukti ke kAraNa haiM, tathA Asrava aura bandha saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke hetu haiM / ina uparyukta pA~ca bAtoM ko jaina darzana meM tattva kahA gayA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki tattva ko jAne/samajhe binA karma-rahasya ko samajha pAnA nitAnta asambhava hai / mokSa mArga meM tattva apanA bahuta mahattva rakhate haiN| 'tasyabhAvastattvam' arthAt vastu ke sacce svarUpa ko jAnanA tattva kahalAtA hai arthAt jo vastu jaisI hai, usa vastu ke prati vahI bhAva rakhanA, tattva hai, kintu vastU svarUpa ke viparIta jAnanA/mAnanA mithyAtva/ulTI mAnyatA/ yathArtha jJAna kA abhAva hai| yaha mithyAtva kASAyika bhAvanAoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) tathA avirati (hiMsA, jhUTha, pramAda) Adi manovikAroM ko janma detA hai, jisase karmoM kA Asrava-bandha hotA hai / uparokta tattvoM ko sahIsahI rUpa meM jAna lene/samyagdarzana ke pazcAt para-sva bheda buddhi ko smjhkr| samyagjJAna ke tadanantara ina tattvoM ke prati zraddhAna tathA bheda-vijJAna pUrvaka inheM sva meM laya karane/samyag cAritra se karmoM kA saMvara nirjarA hotA/hotI hai| nirjarA ho jAne para tathA samasta karmoM se mukti milane para hI jIva saMsAra ke AvAgamana se chUTa jAtA hai| nirvANa pada prApta kara letA hai| jainadarzana meM kArmAraNa vargaNA/karma-zakti yukta paramANu/karma, ko mUlataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| eka to ve karma jo AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA ghAta karate haiM, ghAti karma kahalAte haiM jinake antargata jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karma Ate haiM tathA dUsare ve karma jinake dvArA AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ke AghAta kI apekSA jIva kI vibhinna yoniyA~, avasthAe~ tathA paristhitiyA~ nirdhArita huA karatI haiM, aghAti karma kahalAte haiM, inameM nAma, gotra, Ayu aura vedanIya karma samAviSTa haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma : kArmANa vargaNA/karma paramANuoM kA vaha samUha jisase AtmA kA jJAna guNa pracchanna rahatA hai, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahalAtA hai| isa karma ke prabhAva meM AtmA ke andara vyApta jJAna-zakti zIrNa hotI jAtI hai| phalasvarUpa jIva rUr3hi-kriyA kANDoM meM hI apanA sampUrNa jIvana naSTa karatA hai / isa karma ke kSaya .. ke lie satata svAdhyAya karanA jainAgama meM batAyA gayA hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma, karmabandha aura karmakSaya ] darzanAvaraNIya karma : karma-zakti yukta paramANuoM kA vaha samUha jisake dvArA AtmA kA ananta darzana svarUpa aprakaTa rahatA hai, darzanAvaraNIya karma kahalAtA hai / isa karma ke kAraNa AtmA apane sacce svarUpa ko pahicAnane meM sarvathA asamartha rahatA hai / phalasvarUpa vaha mithyAtva kA Azraya letA hai / mohanIya karma isa karma ke antargata ve kArmaNa vargaNAe~ AtI haiM jinake dvArA jIva meM moha utpanna hotA hai / yaha karma AtmA ke zAnti sukha- prAnanda svabhAva ko vikRta karatA hai / moha ke vazIbhUta jIva sva-para kA bheda - vijJAna bhUla jAtA hai / samAja meM vyApta saMgharSa isI ke kAraNa haiM / : antararAya karma : AtmA meM vyApta jJAna darzana zrAnanda ke atirikta anya sAmarthya zakti ko prakaTa karane meM jo karma paramAra bAdhA utpanna karate haiM, ve sabhI antarAya karma ke antargata Ate haiM / isa karma ke kAraNa hI AtmA meM vyApta ananta zakti kA hA hone lagatA hai / Atma-vizvAsa kI bhAvanAe~, saMkalpa zakti tathA sAhasa- vIratA Adi mAnavIya guNa prAyaH lupta ho jAte haiM / [ 106 nAma karma : isa karma ke dvArA jIva eka yoni se dUsarI yoni meM janma letA hai tathA usake zarIrAdi kA nirmANa bhI inhIM karma vargagAnoM ke dvArA huA karatA hai / gotra karma : karma paramANuoM kA vaha samUha jinake dvArA yaha nirdhArita hotA hai ki jIva kisa gotra, kuTumba, vaMza, kula-jAti tathA deza Adi meM janma le, gotra karma kahalAtA hai / ye karma - paramANu jIva meM apane janma kI sthiti ke pratimAna - svAbhimAna tathA U~ca-nIca - hIna bhAva Adi kA bodha karAte haiM / vedanIya karma : Ayu karma : isa karma ke mAdhyama se jIva kI Ayu nizcita huA karatI hai / svaga manuSya - tiryaJca naraka gati meM kaunasI gati jIva ko prApta ho, yaha isI karma para nirbhara karatA hai / karatA hai / isa karma ke dvArA jIva ko sukha-duHkha kI vedanA kA anubhava huA Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 110 ] [ karma siddhAnta ina aSTa karmoM kI eka sau ar3atAlIsa uttara-prakRtiyA~ jainAgama meM ullikhita haiM jinameM jJAnAvaraNIya kI pAMca, darzanAvaraNIya kI nau, vedanIya kI do, mohanIya kI aTThAIsa, Ayu kI cAra, nAma kI terAnave, gotra kI do tathA antarAya kI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiN| uparokta karma-paramANuoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA samyaka jJAna hone ke uparAnta yaha sahaja meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhAti-aghAti karma AtmA ke svabhAva ko AcchAdita kara jIva meM jJAna, darzana va sAmarthya zakti ko zIrNa karate haiM tathA ye karma jIva para bhinna-bhinna prakAra se apanA prabhAva DAlate haiM jisake phalasvarUpa saMsArI jIva sukha-duHkha ke ghere meM ghire rahate haiN| ina aSTa karmoM ke atirikta 'nokarma' kA bhI ullekha Agama meM milatA hai / karma ke udaya se hone vAlA vaha audArika zarIrAdi rUpa pudgala pariNAma jo AtmA ke sukha-duHkha meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vastutaH 'nokarma' kahalAtA hai| ye 'nokarma' bhI jIva para anya karmoM kI bhA~ti apanA prabhAva DAlA karate haiN| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki 'sakammUNA vipyariyA sUveI' arthAta pratyeka prANI apane hI kRta karmoM se kaSTa pAtA hai| AtmA svayaM apane dvArA hI karmoM kI udIrNA karatA hai, svayaM apane dvArA hI unako garhA-pAlocanA karatA hai aura apane karmoM ke dvArA karmoM kA saMvara-Asrava kA nirodha bhI karatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki jaisA vyakti karma karatA hai use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai / aisA kadApi nahIM hotA ki karma koI kare aura usakA phala koI anya bhoge| isa darzana ke anusAra 'appo vi ya paramappo, kamma vimukko yahoi puDaM' arthAt pratyeka AtmA kRta karmoM kA nAza karake paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| yaha eka aisA darzana hai jo prAtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra pradAna karatA hai tathA paramAtmA banane kA mArga bhI prastuta karatA hai kintu yahA~ paramAtmA ke punaH bhavAtaraNa kI mAnyatA nahIM hai / vAstava meM saba AtmAe~ samAna tathA apane Apa meM svatantra aura mahattvapUrNa haiN| ve kisI akhaMDa sattA kA aMza rUpa nahIM haiN| kisI kArya kA kartA yahA~ parakIya zakti ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ataH jainadarzana karmaphala dene vAlA koI anya vizeSa cetana vyakti athavA Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA / phalasvarUpa prANI apane-apane karmAnusAra svayaM karttA aura usakA bhoktA hai| jaina darzana meM karmabandha ke pA~ca mukhya hetu-mithyAtva asaMyama, pramAda, kaSAya tathA yoga (kAya-mana-vacana kI kriyA)-ullikhita haiN| inameM lipta rahakara jIva karma jAla meM burI taraha se jakar3A rahatA hai| inase muktyirtha jIva ko apane bhAvoM ko sadaiva zuddha rakhane ke lie kahA gayA hai kyoMki koI bhI kArya Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karma, karmabandha aura karmakSaya ] [ 111 karate samaya yadi jIva kI bhAvanA zuddha tathA rAga-dveSa, krodha - mAna-mAyA-lobhakaSAyoM se nirlipta, vItarAgI hai, to usa samaya zArIrika kArya karate hue bhI kisI bhI prakAra kA karmabandha jIva meM nahIM hotA / mUlataH jIva ke manovikAra hI karmabandha kI sthiti ko sthira kriyA karate haiM / kArya karate samaya jisa prakAra kA bhAva jIva ke mana meM utpanna hotA hai, usI bhAva ke tadrUpa hI jIva meM karmabandha sthira huA karatA hai / prAya: yaha dekhA / sunA jAtA hai ki vibhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA eka hI prakAra ke kArya karane para bhI unameM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA karmabandha hotA hai / isakA mUla kAraNa hai ki eka hI prakAra ke kArya karate samaya ina vyaktiyoM ke bhAva sarvathA bhinna prakAra ke hote haiM; phalasvarUpa inameM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA karmabandha hotA hai / jaina darzana meM 'karmabandha' ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, yathA sthiti bandha : (1) prakRti bandha, (2) sthiti bandha, (3) (4) prakRti bandha : jo bandha karmoM kI prakRti / svabhAva sthira kiyA karatA hai, prakRti bandha kahalAtA hai / anubhava / anubhAga bandha, pradeza bandha / yaha bandha karma - phala kI avadhi / kAla ko nizcita karatA hai / anubhAga bandha : karmaphala kI tIvra yA manda zakti kI nizcitatA anubhAga bandha kahalAtI hai / Jain Educationa International pradeza bandha : karmabandha ke samaya zrAtmA ke sAtha kArmANa vargaNA / karma kA sambandha jitanI saMkhyA yA zakti ke sAtha hotA hai, pradeza bandha kahalAtA hai / ina cAra prakAra ke karmabandhoM meM prakRti aura pradeza bandha yoga ke nimitta se tathA kaSAya- mithyAtva - avirati pramAda ke nimitta se sthiti aura anubhAga bandha huA karate haiM / jaina darzana ke anusAra moha aura yoga ke nimitta se hone vAle AtmA ke guNoM kA tAratamya guNasthAna / jIvasthAna kahalAtA hai / arthAt jIva ke prAdhyAtmika vikAsa kA krama guNasthAna / jIvasthAna hai / ye guNasthAna / jIvasthAna mithyA dRSTi Adi ke bheda se caudaha hote haiM jinameM prArambha ke bAraha For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 112 ] [ karma siddhAnta guNasthAna moha se sambandhita haiM tathA antima do guNasthAna yoga se| ina guNasthAnoM meM karmabandha kI sthiti kA varNana karate hue jainAcAryoM ne batAyA ki prathama daza guNasthAna taka cAroM prakAra ke bandha upasthita rahate haiM kintu gyArahaveM guNasthAna se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka mAtra prakRti aura pradeza bandha hI zeSa rahate haiM tathA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM ye donoM bhI samApta ho jAte haiN| tadanantara cAroM prakAra ke bandha se mukta hokara yaha jIvAtmA siddha/paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki AtmA karma aura nokarma jo paudgalika haiM, se sarvathA bhinna hai / isa para paudgalika vastuoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A karatA, yaha anubhUti bheda-vijJAna kahalAtI hai, jo jIva ko tapa/sAdhanA kI ora prerita karatI hai / Agama meM tapa kI paribhASA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'paraM karmakSayArtha yattapyate tattapaH smRtam' arthAt karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie jo tapA jAya vaha tapa hai / jaina darzana meM tapa ke mukhyatayA do bheda kie gae haiM-bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa / bAhya tapa ke antargata anazana/upavAsa, avamaudarya/unodara, rasaparityAga, bhikSAcarI/vRttiparisaMkhyAna, parisaMlInatA/viviktazayyAsana aura kAyAkleza tathA Abhyantara tapa meM-vinaya, vaiyAvRtya/sevA-suzrUSA, prAyazcita, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga/vyutsarga nAmaka tapa Ate haiN| prAbhyantara tapa kI apekSA bAhya tapa vyavahAra meM pratyakSa parilakSita haiM kintu karma kSaya aura Atmazuddhi ke lie to donoM hI prakAra ke tapa kA vizeSa mahattva hai| vAstava meM tapa ke mAdhyama se hI jIva apane karmoM kA pariNamana kara nirjarA kara sakatA hai| isake dvArA karma-Asrava samApta ho jAtA hai aura antataH sarvaprakAra ke kamajAla se jIva sarvathA mukta ho jAtA hai| karma mukti arthAt mokSa prAptyartha jainadarzana kA lakSya rahA hai-vItarAga-vijJAnitA kI prApti / yaha vItarAgatA samyak darzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpI ratnatraya kI samanvita sAdhanA se upalabdha hotI hai| vastutaH zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra se karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai| jaba jIva samyakdarzana-jJAna-cAritra se yukta hotA hai taba Asrava se rahita hotA hai jisake kAraNa sarvaprathama navIna karma kaTate chaMTate haiM, phira pUrvabaddha/saMcita karma kSaya/dUra hone lagate haiM / kAlAntara meM mohanIya karma sampUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| tadanantara anta rAya, jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ye tIna karma bhI eka sAtha sampUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| isake uparAnta zeSa bace cAra aghAti karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra samasta karmoM kA kSaya/dUra kara jIva nirvANa/mokSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai / jaisA ki Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki 'kRtsna karma kSayo mokSaH / ' uparyakita kathya se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki karma-mala se dUra haTane ke lie jIvana meM ratnatraya kI samanvita sAdhanA nitAnta upayogI evaM sArthaka hai / *0. Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only