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________________ kAraNavAda jitendra zAha vizva sRjana kA koI kAraNa honA cAhie, isa viSaya kI carcA vaidika paraMparA meM vividha rUpoM meM huI hai| kintu vizvavaicitrya evaM jIvasRSTivaicitrya kA kAraNa kauna hai ? isakA vicAra bhAratIya sAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha Rgveda (prAyaH I. pU. 1500) meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isa viSaya meM sarvaprathama ullekha zvetAzvatara upaniSad (IsA pUrva kahIM) meM prApta hotA hai / prastuta upaniSad meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta aura puruSa inameM se kisI eka ko kAraNa mAnanA yA ina sabake samudAya ko kAraNa mAnanA cAhie, aisA prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM ciMtaka jagatvaicitrya ke kAraNoM kI khoja meM laga gae the evaM isake AdhAra para vizvavaicitrya kA vividha rUpeNa samAdhAna karate the / ina vAdo meM kAlavAda kA sabase prAcIna hone kA pramANa prApta hotA hai / atharvaveda (prAyaH I. pU. 500) meM kAla kA mahattva sthApita karane vAlA kAlasUkta hai jo isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai / kAlavAda: atharvaveda meM kahA gayA hai ki kAla se hI pRthvI kI utpatti huI hai, kAla ke kAraNa hI sUrya tapatA hai, samasta bhUtoM kA AdhAra kAla hI hai| kAla ke kAraNa hI A~kheM dekhatI hai aura kAla hI Izvara hai aura prajApati kA pitA bhI kAla hI hai / isa prakAra atharvaveda kA ukta varNana kAla ko hI sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa mAnane kI ora hai; kintu mahAbhArata (prAyaH I. pU. 150-IsvI 400) meM to usase bhI Age samasta jIva sRSTi ke sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa ina sabakA AdhAra bhI kAla ko hI mAnA gayA hai| karma se, ciMtA se yA prayoga karane se koI bhI vastu prApta nahIM hotI, kintu kAla se hI samasta vastue~ prApta hotI haiM / saba kAryoM ke prati kAla hI kAraNa hai / yogya kAla meM hI kalAkRti, auSadha, mantra Adi phaladAyaka banate haiN| ! kAla ke AdhAra para hI vAyu calatI hai, puSya khilate hai, vRkSa phala yukta banate hai, kRSNapakSa, zuklapakSa, candra kI vRddhi aura hAni Adi kAla ke prabhAva se hI hotI hai| kisI kI mRtyu bhI kAla hone para hI hotI hai aura bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA yA vRddhAvasthA bhI kAla ke kAraNa hI AtI hai| garbha kA janma ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| jo loga garbha ko strI-puruSa ke saMyoga Adi se janma mAnate hai, unake mata meM bhI ucita kAla ke upasthita hone para hI garbha kA janma hotA hai| garbha ke janma meM garbha kI pariNata avasthA hI kAraNa hai yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki yadAkadA apariNata garbha kA bhI janma dekhA jAtA hai / zItaRtu, grISmaRtu evaM varSARtu Adi kAla kA Agamana bhI ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| ataH upAdhibhUta kAloM ke prati bhI kAla hI kAraNa hai / svarga yA naraka bhI kAla ke binA nahIM hotA, kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hotA hai, usameM se koI bhI kArya ucita kAla ke abhAva meM nahIM hotA ! ataH kAla hI sabakA kAraNa hai| kAla se bhinna padArtha bhI kArya kA kAraNa hotA hai yaha asatya hai kyoMki kAla se anya padArtha anyathA siddha ho jAte hai / kAla utpanna padArthoM kA pAka karatA hai arthAt utpanna ho jAne para vastu kA jo saMvardhana hotA hai vaha kAla se hI hotA hai / vahI anukUla nUtana paryAyoM ko upasthita kara unake yoga se utpanna vastu ko upacita karatA hai| kAla utpanna vastu kA saMhAra karatA hai| anya kAraNoM ko arthAt kAraNa mAne jAne vAle anya padArtho ke supta arthAt nidrApanna rahane para kAla hI kAryoM ke saMbaMdha meM jAgRta rahatA hai, arthAt kArya
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________________ Vol. II 1996 kAraNavAda 19 ke AdhAra para hI utpAdAnArtha savyApAra hotA hai| isalie sRSTi sthiti aura pralaya ke hetu bhUta kAla kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sthAlI aura mUMga tathA agni Adi sAmagrI rahene para bhI jaba taka kAraNabhUta kAla upasthita nahIM hotA taba taka pAka nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki mUMga kA paripAka saMpanna hone se pUrva vilakSaNa agni saMyoga kA abhAva rahetA hai aura isI kAraNa mUMga kA pAka nahIM hotA hai, ataH mUMga ke pAka ke prati kAla ke vizeSa ko kAraNa mAnanA nirarthaka hai kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki saMyoga ke prati bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki vaha saMyoga pahale hI kyoM nahIM ho jAtA ? isakA uttara kAla dvArA hI diyA jA sakatA hai / ataH kAla ko hI asAdhAraNa kAraNa arthAt ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA par3egA / kAla ko yadi kArya mAtra ke prati asAdhAraNa kAraNa na mAnA jAegA to garbha Adi sabhI kAryo kI utpatti avyavasthita ho jaaegii"| yadi kisI anya hetuvAdI kI dRSTi garbha kA hetu mAtA-pitA Adi haiM, yaha mAnA jAe to prazna hogA ki unakA sannidhAna hone para tatkAla hI garbha kA janma kyoM nahIM ho jAtA hai / mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra ( prAyaH IsvI 550 -575 ) meM kAlavAda kI pratisthApanA karate hue vaizeSikasUtra (IsvI AraMbhakAla) kA nimna sUtra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| aparasminnaparaM yugapat ciraM kSipramiti kAlaliGgAni / yaha isase pUrva hai yaha isake pazcAt hai ye donoM ekasAtha hai| isa prakAra kA jJAna evaM navIna aura prAcIna kA jo jJAna hotA hai usakA hetu kAla ko samajhanA caahie| jaise vAyu guNa vAlA hone se dravya hai aise hI kAla bhI guNavAlA hone se dravya hai / jaise anya dravya se utpanna na hone se nitya hai isI prakAra kAla bhI anya dravya se utpanna na hone se nitya hai| kAla eka hai| vartamAna bhUtAdi kAla kA vibhAjana kArya hone se hote hai ataH vaha bheda gauNa hai / jaina darzana meM tattvArthAdhigamasUtra I. tIsarI cauthI zatI meM kAla ke nimna lakSaNa pratipAdita kie gae hai / - vartanA pariNAma kriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya // 22 // 5 parivartana, pariNamana, kriyAH, paratva, aparatva ye kAla ke lakSaNa hai / umAsvAti dvArA prastuta ye lakSaNa vaise to vaizeSikasUtra meM prastuta lakSaNa se sAmyatA rakhate hai phira bhI, isameM parivartana ko bhI kAla para AdhArita kiyA gayA hai / dvAdazAranayacakra meM kAlavAda kA vibhAva ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhI padArtha binA saMbhava nahIM hai / yathA ghaTa aura usakA abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hai| usI prakAra padArthoM kA yaugapadya samakAlInatA yA ayaugapadya kA kathana kAla ke rUpa yugapat utpanna hotA hai aisA kahanA kAla ke pratyaya ke ke ayugapad bhAva kI carcA bhI kAla ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / isI prakAra dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ke prati puruSArtha bhI kAla para AdhArita hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki vasaMta meM brAhmaNa ko yajJa, vaNika ko madya, samartha ko krIDA ora muniyoM ko niSkramaNa karanA cAhie" / samagra sRSTi ke sajIva aura nirjIva padArthoM kI ananta paryAyoM kA pariNamana karAne vAlA kAla hI hai aura yaha kAla apane sAmAnya svarUpa ko chor3e binA hI bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra kAla eka hokara bhI apane tIna bhedoM se bhinna bhI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAe taba to vastu meM vipariNamana hI zakya nahIM ho pAegA aura kAla hI eka aisA kAraNa hai jo kArya kAraNa ke rUpameM vipariNamana karane meM samartha hai| yaha vipariNamana parivartana ke sAmarthya kAla ke abhAva meM puruSArtha, svabhAva, niyati meM bhI saMbhava nahIM hai" /
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________________ jitendra zAha Nirguantha kAlakrama se hI puruSa AtmalAbha prApta kara sakatA hai aura jaba taka kAla paripakva nahIM hai taba taka mokSa kI prApti bhI nahIM hotI / saMsAra kI anAdi anantatA kAla ke dvArA hI siddha ho sakatI hai| kriyA aura jIva ke karmabaMdhAdi kriyA bhI kAla ke kAraNa saMbhava hai| samaya muhUrtAdi bhI kAla ke hI kAraNa saMbhava hai / anta meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki kAla hI bhUtoM ko pakva karatA hai, kAla hI prajA kA saMharaNa karatA hai / kAla hI soe hue ko jagAtA hai / ata: kAla duratikrama hai / kAla hI padArtho kI utpatti karatA hai, utpanna padArtho kA pAka karatA hai arthAt utpanna padArtha kA saMvardhana kAla se hI hotA hai / vahI anukula nUtana paryAyoM ko upasthita kara unake yoga se utpanna vastu ko upacita karatA hai / kAla hI utpanna vastuoM kA saMhAra karatA hai arthAt vastu meM vidyamAna paryAyoM ke virodhI navIna paryAya kA utpAdana kAla ke kAraNa hI hotA hai aura isa prakAra pUrva paryAya kA nAza saMhAra bhI kAla ke kAraNa hotA hai / anya kAraNoM ke supta-nirvyApAra rahane para kAla hI kAryoM ke sambandha meM jAgRta rahatA hai / ataH yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sRSTi, sthiti, pralaya ke hetubhUta kAla kA atikramaNa karanA kaThina hai / khaMDana :- dvAdazAranayacakra meM kAlavAda kA khaMDana saMkSepa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvavAda ke upasthApana meM kAlavAda kA khaMDana karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki 1. vastu apane svabhAva ke hI kAraNa usa rUpa meM hotA hai / 2. kAla ko hI eka mAtra tattva mAnane para to kArya kAraNa kA vibhAga saMbhAvita nahIM ho sakegA / 3. isI prakAra kAla hI ko ekamAtra tattva mAnane para sAmAnya evaM vizeSa kA vyavahAra bhI saMbhAvita nahIM ho sakatA / 4. yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe ki kAla kA aisA svabhAva hai taba to svabhAvavAda kA hI Azraya lenA par3egA / 5. yadi Apa kAla ko vyavahAra para Azrita kareMge to bhI doSa AegA kyoMki isase kAla kI svataMtra sattA nahIM rahegI / punaH pUrva, apara Adi vyavahAra kA doSa hone para labdha kAla kA bhI abhAva ho jAegA aura isa prakAra kAla ko AdhAra mAnakara jo bAta siddha kI gaI hai ve saba nirarthaka ho jAegI / dvAdazAranayacakra ke atirikta nirgrantha-darzana ke aneka graMthoM meM bhI kAlavAda kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai / yadi kAla kA artha samaya mAnA jAe athavA kAla ko pramANasiddha dravya kA paryAya mAtra mAnA jAe athavA kAla ko dravya kI upAdhi mAnA jAe yA ise svataMtra padArtha ke rupa meM mAnA jAe / kisI bhI sthitimeM ekamAtra usako hI kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki kAraNAntara ke abhAvameM kevala kAla se kisI kI bhI utpatti nahIM hotI aura yadi ekamAtra kAla se bhI kArya kI utpatti saMbhava hogI to eka kArya kI utpatti ke samaya anya sabhI kAryoM kI bhI utpatti kI Apatti hogI / yadi kevala kAla hI ghayadi kAryoM kA janaka mAnA jAegA to ghaTa kI utpatti mAtra mRda meM hI na hokara tantu Adi meM bhI saMbhava hogI kyoMki isa mata meM kArya kI dezavRttitA kA niyAmaka anya koI nahIM hai aura yadi deza vRttitA te niyamanArtha tatkAla meM tattat deza ko bhI kAraNa mAna liyA jAegA to kAlavAda kA parityAga ho jAegA5 / / isa prakAra kAlavAda kI sthApanA evaM khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki kevala kAlavAda hI ekamAtra samyag hai yaha mAnane para doSa AegA / ataH kAla ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA yukti saMgata nahIM hai| kAla eka kAraNa ho sakatA aura usake sAtha-sAtha anya kAraNoM kI bhI saMbhAvanA kA niSedha
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________________ Vol. II. 1996 nahIM kara sakate hai / svabhAvavAda : pUrvokta kAlavAda kI taraha hI svabhAvavAda kA mAnanA hai ki jagat kI vividhatA kA kAraNa svabhAva hI hai / svabhAvataH hI vastu kI utpatti evaM nAza hotA hai / padArthoM meM bhinnatA yA samAnatA kA kAraNa bhI svabhAva hai yathA- agni kI uSNatA aura jala kI zItalatA svabhAvagata hI hai / Ama kI guThalI se Ama aura bera kI guThalI se bera hI utpanna hogA kyoMki unakA svabhAva aisA hI hai| bhAratIya darzana paramparA ke prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA vivecana prApta hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM svabhAvavAda kA ullekha milatA hI hai" / svabhAvavAdI ke anusAra vizva meM jo kucha hotA hai vaha svabhAvataH hI hotA hai / svabhAva ke atirikta karma, Izvara yA anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai| kAraNavAda azvaghoSakRta buddhacarita (IsvI dUsarI zatI) meM svabhAvavAda kI avadhAraNA ko vyakta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kA~Te kI tIkSNatA, mRga evaM pakSiyoM kI vicitratA, Ikha meM mAdhuya, nIma meM kaTutA kA koI kattI nahIM hai, ve svabhAvataH hI hai / isI prakAra svabhAvavAda kI carcA guNaratnakRta SaDdarzanasamuccayavRtti" meM tathA AcArya nemicaMdrakRta gommaTasAra (IsvI 10vIM zatI aMtimacaraNa) meM bhI milatI hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI svabhAvavAda kA varNana prApta hotA hai / tadanusAra zubhAzubha pravRttiyoM kA preraka svabhAva haiN| sabhI kucha svabhAva se nirdhArita hai / vyakti apane prayatna yA puruSArtha se usameM koI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA / sabhI taraha ke bhAva aura abhAva svabhAva se pravartita evaM nivartita hote haiN| puruSa ke prayatna se kucha nahIM hotA / gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki loka kA pravartana svabhAva se hI ho rahA hai| isI prakAra mATharavRtti (IsvI cauthI zatI), udayanAcArya kRta nyAyakusumAMjali (prAyaH 12vIM zatI) evaM ajJAta kartuka sAMkhyavRtti (prAk madhyakAlIna ? ) meM bhI svabhAvavAda ke ullekha prApta hote hai / 21 haribhadrakRta zAstravArtAMsamuccaya (prAyaH IsvI 770 - 780) meM svabhAvavAda kI avadhAraNA ko vyakta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prANI kA mAtRgarbha meM praveza karanA, bAlyAvasthA prApta karanA sukhada duHkhada anubhavoM kA bhoga karanA inameM koI bhI ghaTanA svabhAva ke binA nahIM ghaTa sakatI / svabhAva hI saba ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa hai / jagat kI sabhI vastue~ svataH hI apane-apane svarUpa meM usa usa prakAra se vartamAna rahetI hai tathA anta meM naSTa ho jAtI hai jaise pakane ke svabhAva se yukta hue binA mUMga bhI nahIM pakatI bhale hI kAlAdi sabhI kAraNa sAmagrI upasthita kyoM na ho| jisameM pakane kA svabhAva hI nahIM hai vaha mUMga kA kuTakA kabhI nahIM pakatA tathA vizeSa svabhAva ke abhAva meM bhI kArya vizeSa kI utpatti yadi saMbhava mAnI jAe to avAJchanIya pariNAma kA sAmanA karanA par3egA / yathA miTTI meM yadi ghar3A banAne kA svabhAva hai kintu kapar3A banAne kA svabhAva nahIM hai aisA mAnane para miTTI se kapar3A banane kI Apatti bhI A pdd'egii| yahI varNana nemicandrakRta pravacanasAroddhAra (prAyaH 12vIM zatI) evaM usakI vRtti meM bhI prApta hotA hai / svabhAvavAda kI samIkSA svabhAvavAda kI samIkSA isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki svabhAva kA artha kyA hai ? svabhAva vastu vizeSa hai ? yA akAraNatA hI svabhAva hai ? yA vastu ke dharma ko hI svabhAva mAnA jAtA hai / 1. svabhAva ko hI vastu vizeSa mAnA jAe aisA kahane para yaha Apatti AtI hai ki vastu vizeSarUpa svabhAva ko siddha karanevAlA koI bhI sAdhaka pramANa ke binA hI svabhAva kA astitva mAnane para anya padArtho kA astitva bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA / 2. svabhAva mUrta hai yA amUrta / yadi mUrta mAna liyA jAe taba to karma kA hI dUsarA nAma hogA / .
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________________ jitendra zAha Nirgrantha aura yadi amUrta mAna liyA jAe taba to vaha kisI kA kartA nahIM bana sktaa| yathA AkAza / AkAza amUrta hai ataH vaha kisI kA kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA / 3. amUrta svabhAva ko zarIrAdi mUrta padArthoM kA kAraNa nahIM mAna sakate kyoMki mUrta padArtha kA kAraNa mUrta hI honA cAhie / amUrta se mUrta kI utpatti saMbhavita nahIM ho sktii| 4. svabhAva ko akAraNa rUpa mAna liyA jAya taba bhI Apatti AegI kyoMki, zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM kA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAegA aura zarIrAdi saba padArtha sarvatra sarvathA eka sAtha utpanna hoMge / jaba sabhI padArthoM ko kAraNAbhAva samAna rUpa meM hai taba sabhI padArtha sarvadA sarvatra utpanna hoMge38 / 5. zarIrAdi ko ahetuka mAna liyA jAe taba bhI yukti virodha AegA kyoMki, jo ahetuka arthAt Akasmika hotA hai / vaha abhravikAra kI taraha sAdi niyatAkAra vAlA nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra jinabhadragaNikRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya (prAyaH IsvI 585) meM svabhAvavAda kA nirAkaraNa milatA hai / svabhAvavAda kA khaMDana bhI svabhAva ko ekamAtra kAraNa mAnane se utpanna doSoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki svabhAva hI sabakA kAraNa hai / puruSAdi kA svatva svabhAva se hI siddha hai aura yadi isako svabhAva siddha na mAnA jAe taba sva ko siddha karane ke lie para kA Azraya lenA paDegA taba sva sva hI na raha pAegA / yathA ghaTa paTa kA anAtma svarupa hone se paTa nahIM hotA usI taraha paTa ghaTa kA anAtma hone ke kAraNa paTAtmaka nahIM hotA hai / ataH svabhAva ko hI ekamAtra kAraNa mAnanA cAhie / ghaTa aura usake rUpa kA yugapada utpanna honA tathA dhAna yA aMkurAdi kA kramazaH utpanna honA Adi pariNamana svabhAva se hI hote haiN| yaha bhI pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai ki samAna bhUmi aura pAnI Adi sahakArI kAraNa hone para bhI bhinna-bhinna bIja se bhinna-bhinna vRkSAdi utpanna hote haiM / isI prakAra kaNTakAdi meM jo tIkSNatA hai vaha phUla meM nahIM hotI hai| mayUra pakSI Adi meM jo vicitratA, vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai vaha bhI svabhAvata: hI hotI hai / kaMTaka ko tIkSNa kauna karatA hai ? mRga aura pakSiyoM ko kauna raMgatA hai ? yaha saba svabhAvata: hI hotI hai / mRga ke bacce kI A~khoM meM aMjana kauna karatA hai ? mayUra ke bacce ko kauna raMgatA hai ? aura kulavAna puruSa meM vinaya kauna lAtA hai ? arthAt yaha saba svabhAva se hI hotA hai / isa prakAra nayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| nayacakra meM svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA ke avasara para virodhiyoM ke AkSepoM ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi svabhAva hI kAraNa hai taba kyoM na aisA mAna liyA jAe kI svabhAva se hI kaNTaka kI utpatti hotI hai / usameM bhUmi Adi kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kaNTaka kaNTaka ke rUpa meM hI kyoM utpana hotA hai ? anyathA kyoM nahIM utpanna hotA ? kaNTaka hI kyoM tIkSNa hotA hai ? kusuma hI kyoM sukumAra hotA hai ? ukta praznoM ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki vastu kA svabhAva vizeSa hI aisA hai ki vaha usI prakAra utpanna hotA hai| bhUmi Adi kA svabhAva hai kaNTAdiko utpanna karane kA jaise manuSya kA svabhAva hai ki vaha kramazaH vRddhi pAtA hai| vaya kramazaH hI bar3hatI hai aura dUdha meM se ghI kA bhI kramazaH hI bananA vastu kA svabhAva hai| aisA na mAnane para vizva kI vyavasthA hI nahIM Tika pAegI / ghaTa banAnA mATI kA svabhAva hai ata: usase ghaTa banatA hai kintu AkAza se ghaTa nahIM banatA | dUsarA AkSepa yaha kiyA gayA hai ki ghaTa Adi kI utpatti kriyA se hotI huI dikhAI detI hai taba Jain Education international
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 kAraNavAda bhI Apa aisA kaise kahate haiM ki svabhAva se hI vastu kI utpatti hotI hai| ukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki aisI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki vastu kI pahale abhivyakti nahIM hone se hI vastu kI utpatti kA bodha nahIM hotA aura A~kha kA bhI svabhAva hai ki vaha atisUkSmAdi padArtho ko dekha nahIM pAtI / yathA aMjana aura meruparvata usI prakAra pahale avyakta hone ke kAraNa, ghaTAdi kI upasthiti kA bodha nahIM hotA hai aura ghaTa kA bhI usI prakAra kA svabhAva hai|5 / arthAta aMjana ke hone para bhI atisAmIpya ke kAraNa tathA meruparvata vidyamAna hote hue bhI atidUrI ke kAraNa avyakta hai / usI prakAra ghaTa Adi vastuoM kI upasthiti hone para bhI bodha nahIM hone meM vastu kA abhAva nahIM kintu vastu kA svabhAva hI kAraNa hai| . saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hotA hai vaha svabhAva se hI pravRtti aura nivRtti hotA hai / svabhAva se hI phala kI prApti hotI hai| phala prApti kA svabhAva hone se hI pravRtti hotI hai / ataH puruSa kA prayAsa nirarthaka hai| - dravya kA saMyoga aura vibhAga honA svabhAva hai aura usI kAraNa AtmA kA saMsAra aura mokSa bhI svabhAvataH hI hotA hai| jaise azuddha sone kA zuddhIkaraNa do prakAra se hotA hai, kriyA aura akriyA se ! isa svabhAvavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana bhAvavAda ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / svabhAva zabda kI vyAkhyA karake batAyA hai ki sva kA bhAva hI svabhAva hai arthAt svabhAva meM bhI bhAva kA mahatva hai| bhAva ke binA svabhAva nahIM banegA | ata: bhAva kA honA Avazyaka hai| isI lie svabhAvavAda kI apekSA bhAvavAda hI zreSTha hai / isa prakAra svabhAvavAda kA bhAvavAda dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| niyativAda : niyativAda kA sarvaprathama ullekha zvetAzvatara meM prApta hotA hai / niyativAda ke viSaya meM tripiTaka aura jainAgama meM yatra-tatra vizeSa carcA kI gaI hai| bhagavAna buddha jaba bauddha dharma kA pratipAdana kara rahe the tabhI niyativAdI bhI apane mata kA pracAra kara rahe the| isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bhI gozAlaka Adi niyativAdiyoM ke sAmane saMgharSa karanA par3A thA / AtmA evaM paraloka ko svIkAra karane ke bAda bhI niyativAdI yaha mAnate the ki saMsAra meM jo vicitratA hai usakA anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai| sabhI ghaTanAe~ niyatakrama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI hai| aisA niyativAdiyoM kA mAnanA thA / niyaticakra meM jIva phaMsA huA hai aura isa cakra ko badalane kA sAmarthya jIva meM nahIM hai| niyaticakra svayaM gatimAn hai aura vahI jIvoM ko niyata krama meM yatra-tatra le jAtA hai| yaha cakra samApta hone para jIvoM kA svata: mokSa ho jAtA hai / gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA varNana "sAmaJaphala sutta" meM prApta hotA hai / yathA prANiyoM kI apavitratA kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai binA kAraNa hI prANI apavitra hote haiM / usI taraha prANiyoM kI zuddhatA meM bhI koI kAraNa nahIM hai| ve akAraNa aura ahetuka hI zuddha hote haiN| sva ke sAmarthya se bhI kucha nahIM hotA hai / vastutaH puruSa meM bala yA zakti hI nahIM hai / sarva satya, sarva prANI, sarva jIva avaza, durbala aura nirvIrya haiM / ataH jo koI yaha mAnatA hai ki isa zIla, vrata, tapa yA brahmacarya se maiM aparipakva karma ko paripakva karU~gA athavA paripakva hue karmoM kA bhoga karake usakA nAza karU~gA, aisI mAnyatA samucita nahIM hai / isa saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha parimita rUpa meM hai ataH usameM vRddhi yA hAni saMbhAvita nahIM hai| saMsAra meM prabuddha aura mUrkha donoM kA mokSa niyata kAla meM hI hotA hai / yathA sUta ke dhAge kA golA kramazaH hI khulatA hai /
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________________ 24 jitendra zAha Nirgrantha isI prakAra kA varNana upAsakadazAMgara (prAyaH 2-3 zatI), vyAkhyAprajJapti-2 (IsvI 1-3 zatI), aura sUtrakRtAMga (I. pU. 3-1 zatI) meM bhI prApta hotA hai| jagat ke sabhI ghaTanAkrama niyata haiM isalie unakA kAraNa niyati ko mAnanA cAhie / jisa vastu ko jisa samaya, jisa kAraNa se tathA jisa parimANa meM utpanna honA hotA hai vaha vastu usI samaya, usI kAraNa se tathA usI parimANa meM niyata rUpa se utpanna hote haiM / aisI dazA meM niyati ke siddhAnta kA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana kauna sA vAdI kara sakatA hai / niyativAdiyoM kA AdhAra : pratyeka kArya kisI niyata kAraNa se niyata krama meM tathA niyata kAla meM hI utpanna hotA hai / vastutaH isa prakAra rakhe jAne para niyativAda, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda kA hI saMmizrita rUpa bana jAtA hai aura uttarakAlIna bauddha tAkikoM ko hama sacamuca kaha pAte haiM ki pratyeka vastu dezaniyata hotI hai, kAlaniyata hotI hai aura svabhAvaniyata hotI hai| anukUla niyati ke binA mUMga bhI nahIM pakatI, bhale hI svabhAva Adi upasthita kyoM na ho, sacamuca mUMga kA yaha pakanA aniyatarUpa se to nahIM hotA / yadi niyati eka hI rUpa vAlI hai taba niyati se utpanna vastue~ bhI samAna rUpa vAlI honI cAhie, aura yadi niyati aniyata rUpa vAlI hone ke kAraNa paraspara asamAna vastuoM ko janma dene vAlI hai taba prastuta vAdI ko yaha mAnane ke lie vivaza honA par3egA / yadi aisA na ho taba to vastu aniyata rUpa vAlI hone ke kAraNa jagat kI sabhI vastuoM kA abhAva hI siddha hotA hai| dUsare usa dazA meM jagat kI sabhI vastue~ eka dUsare ke rUpavAlI hone ke kAraNa sabhI prakAra kI kriyAyeM niSphala siddha honI cAhie56 / / niyata kAraNa ke rahane para niyata kArya kI utpatti honI cAhie jabaki kabhI-kabhI isameM virodha pAyA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI bahuta prayatna karane para bhI kArya saphala nahIM hotA hai, aura kabhI binA prayAsa kie hI phala prApta ho jAtA hai| ataH kAraNa sAdRzya rahate hue bhI phala meM vaisAdRzya arthAt vairUpyadoSa kA parihAra kevala niyati ko hI eka mAtra kAraka mAnane se ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM niyati hI eka mAtra kAraNa hai| sabhI padArtha niyata rUpa se hI utpanna hote haiN| padArthoM ke niyata rUpa se hI utpatti mAnane ke lie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki sabhI padArtha kisI aise tattva se utpanna hote haiM jisase padArthoM kI niyatarUpatA arthAt vaisA hI hone aura anyathA na hone kA niyamana hotA hai| padArthoM ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karane meM ye kAraNabhUta usa tattva kA hI nAma niyati hai / ataH ghaTita hone vAle ghaTita padArthoM ko niyata mAnanA Avazyaka hai / jaise yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI durghaTanA ke ghaTita hone para bhI sabakI mRtyu nahIM hotI, apitu kucha loga hI marate haiM aura kucha loga jIvita raha jAte haiM / isakI upapatti ke lie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki prANI kA jIvana aura maraNa niyati para nirbhara hai| jisakA maraNa jaba niyata hotA tabhI usakI mRtyu hotI hai aura jaba taka jisakA jIvana zeSa hotA hai taba taka mRtyu ke prasaMga bAra-bAra Ane para bhI vaha jIvita rahatA hai / usakI mRtyu nahIM hotI / niyati ke samarthana meM nayacakra meM eka zloka meM kahA gayA hai ki manuSya ko jo bhI zubha-azubha niyati dvArA prAptavya hotA hai vaha use avazya prApta hotA hai kyoMki jagat meM yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo vastu jisa rUpa meM ghaTita hone vAlI nahIM hotI hai vaha bahuta prayatna karane para bhI usa rUpa meM ghaTita nahIM hotI aura jo hone vAlI hotI hai vaha anyathA nahIM ho sakatI hai /
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 kAraNavAda niyati kA svarUpa : nayacakra meM niyati ke svarUpa kA ciMtana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki niyati jagat kAraNa hote hue bhI vaha sattA se abhinna hI hai| koI eka puruSa meM bAlyAdi avasthAbheda ke vikalpa utpanna hote haiM kintu paramArtha se to vaha puruSa eka hI hai| aise hI niyati bhI paramArthataH eka hI hai / tathA jaise sthANu yA puruSa meM yaha vahI sthANu yA vaha vahI puruSa aisI pratIti kA kAraNa UrdhvatA sAmAnya hai vaise hI kriyA aura phala ke bheda se niyati meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai tathApi vaha paramArthata: to abheda svarUpa hI hai / yaha niyati bhinna dravya, deza, kAla aura bhAva ke bheda se tatsvarUpa, atatsvarUpa, Asanna aura anAsanna bhI hai / niyati kAla, svabhAva Adi nahIM hai| kAla se hI aisI vicitratA sambhavita hai aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM kyoMki kabhI-kabhI varSA, zarad, hemanta, zizira, basanta, aura grISma Adi Rtu meM samayAnusAra pravartita nahIM bhI hotI hai / kabhI-kabhI akAla meM bhI varSAdi dekhI jAtI hai ata: kAla isa vicitratA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / svabhAva bhI jAgatika vaicitrya kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki bAlaka rUpa meM honA, yuvA rUpa meM honA ye sabhI puruSa kA svabhAva hone para bhI bAlyavasthA meM yuvAvasthA prApta nahIM hotii| ataH yugapat sabhI avasthAoM ke abhAva ke AdhAra meM anya kisI bhI tattva ko kAraNa mAnanA hI par3egA, vahI kAraNa tattva niyati hai / isa prakAra dvAdazAranayacakra meM niyativAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| niyativAda bhAratIya darzana meM khAsakara bauddhadarzana evaM jainadarzana ke graMthoM meM varNita hai| ukta darzanoM ke grathoM meM niyativAda kA varNana pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki prAcIna kAla meM niyativAda eka prabhAvapUrNa siddhAnta rahA hogA / kramazaH niyativAda kA hAsa hotA gayA / ataH pazcAtkAlIna graMthoM meM niyativAda kA varNana yA khaMDana bhI kama hotA gayA / dvAdazAsnayacakra meM niyativAda kA siddhAnta aneka tArkika dalIloM ke AdhAra para sthApita kiyA gayA hai evaM tatpazcAt akATya tarkoM ke dvArA usakA khaMDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| puruSavAda : dvAdazAranayacakra ke dvitIya ara meM vibhinna kAraNavAdoM kI sthApanA evaM AlocanA kI gaI hai| jagata meM dRzyamAna vividhatA kA kAraNa kyA ho sakatA hai ? aisI jijJAsA bhAratIya tattvaciMtakoM ke mana meM prAcIna kAla meM hI udbhUta ho cukI thI / prastuta zaMkA kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie vibhinna dArzanikoM ne apaneapane DhaMga se prayAsa kiyA / pariNAma yaha huA ki jagat vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA ke kisI sarvamAnya siddhAnta ke sthAna para vibhinna siddhAnta astitva meM Ae / ina siddhAMtoM ke viSaya meM khaMDana-maMDana kI paraMparA bhI zurU huI / ina siddhAntoM meM eka puruSavAda bhI hai / puruSavAda kA kathana hai ki vizva kI vicitratA kA eka mAtra kAraNa puruSa AtmA-brahma hI hai62 / puruSavAda kA mUla hameM Rgveda ke "puruSasUkta" meM milatA hai / Rgveda ke dazama maMDala ke isa "puruSa sUkta" meM kahA gayA hai ki akelA puruSa hI isa samasta vizva kA jo kucha bhI huA hai tathA jo Age bhaviSya meM hone vAlA hai usakA AdhAra hai / dvAdazAranayacakra meM isI maMtra ko uddhata karake puruSavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / Rgveda meM prastuta sUkta meM kahA gayA hai ki virATa nAma kA puruSa isa brahmAMDa ke andara aura bAhara vyApta hai / yaha jo dRzyamAna jagat hai vaha saba kucha puruSa hI hai / jo atIta
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________________ 26 jitenda zAha Nirgrantha jagat hai yA jo bhaviSyat jagat hogA vaha bhI puruSa hI hai| vaha devatAoM kA bhI svAmI hai| sArA hI jagat isa virATa puruSa kA sAmarthya vizeSa hI hai| sRSTi evaM pralaya bhI isI puruSa ke adhIna hai| puruSa sarvAtmaka hai| cetanA-cetanA sRSTi kI utpatti isI puruSa se huI hai / isa prakAra sarvaprathama "puruSasUkta" meM puruSavAda viSayaka dArzanika carcA prApta hotI hai| tadanantara zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM puruSa ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnane vAle siddhAnta kA ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai / upaniSad meM isa siddhAnta ko pratipAdita karane vAlI paMktiyA~ milatI hai| kahA gayA hai ki "eka hI devatattva sarvabhUta meM sthita hai arthAt vizva kA ekamAtra kAraNa puruSa hI hai / saMsAra meM puruSa ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hai / jaise candra eka hI hai tathApi usake pratibimba vibhinna jala pUrita pAtroM meM pAe jAte haiM usI taraha bhinna-bhinna deha meM bhinna-bhinna eka hI AtmA pAyI jAtI hai| dvAdazAranayacakra meM bhI "puruSasUkta" ke hI maMtra ko uddhRta karake puruSavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / puruSa hI jagat kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai| sarvajagat puruSamaya hI hai| puruSa eka hI ataH sarva sattA ekAtmaka hI hai9 / puruSa hI jagat kA kartA hai kyoMki jo jJAnavAn hotA hai, vahI svataMtra hotA hai aura jo svataMtra hotA hai vahI kartA hotA hai| jo ajJAnI hai usameM svAtaMtrya saMbhavita nahIM hai aura jisameM svAtaMtrya nahIM hotA usameM kartAbhAva nahIM hotA / nayacakravRtti meM isa siddhAnta kI puSTi meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kI paMkti eko'pyahamaneko'pyaham ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / ukta sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM - maiM eka bhI hU~ aura aneka bhI huuN| isa prakAra puruSa kI sarvoparitA siddha karate hue puruSavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| puruSavAda : AkSepa aura AkSepa-parihAra : jo jJAtA hotA hai vahI kartA hotA hai| aisA mAnane para to dUdha se dahI aura ikSu rasa se gur3Adi niSpanna nahIM hoNge| kyoMki yahA~ to jJAtA ke binA hI kriyA niSpanna hotI hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue puruSavAdI kahate haiM ki yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki vahA~ kArya-pravRtti pUrNa nahIM huI hai ata: Apako aisA bhrama hotA hai ki isakA koI kartA nahIM hai kintu dUdha, dahI, makkhana aura tatpazcAt usase ghI yaha sArI kArya-pravRtti puruSa cetana sattA ke adhIna hI hotI hai| jaise prArambha meM kumhAra cakra ko ghumAtA hai kintu usake bAda bhI cakra kucha samaya taka gatimAna rahatA hai cAhe usa samaya kumhAra cakra ghumAte hue nahIM dikhAI detA hai phira bhI hama yaha anumAna karate haiM ki ise kumhAra ne hI ghumAyA hai| usI prakAra yahA~ bhI cAhe prakaTataH kartA puruSa na dikhAI de, kintu usake mUla meM to vahI hotA hai / yadi Apa aisA mAnate hai ki puruSa hI sabakA kAraNa hai taba yaha Apatti AtI hai ki puruSa svayaM apanI utpatti evaM laya meM kAraNa kaise bana sakatA hai ? jaise aMgulI kA agrabhAga apane agrabhAga ko chU nahIM sakatA evaM talavAra apane Apako cheda nahIM sakatI / isakA samAdhAna AcArya mallavAdi ne muNDakopaniSad kI kArikA ke AdhAra para diyA hai ki jaise makar3I apanI jAla banAtI hai aura phira vApasa usI ko grahaNa karatI hai tathA jaise vanaspatiyA~ pRthvI se utpanna hotI hai aura pRthvI meM hI vilIna ho jAtI hai / jisa prakAra agni se sphuliMga utpanna hote haiM usI prakAra puruSa se hI sArI sRSTi utpanna hotI hai| isa siddhAnta meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI hai / - puruSa kI kAla, prakRti, niyati, svabhAva Adi se ekarUpatA : dvAdazAranayacakra meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para anya kAlAdi tattvoM ko bhI puruSa rUpa hI siddha kiyA hai| jaise puruSa hI kAla hai| kyoMki kalanAt kAlaH isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para pANini
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 kAraNavAda ke dhAtu-pATha meM kala saMkhyAne pATha milatA hai| tadanusAra kalanaM kA artha jJAna hogA / ata: jo jJAnAtmaka hai vahI kartA hogA aura jJAnAtmaka to kevala puruSa hI hai / isa prakAra kAla aura puruSa meM bheda nahIM hai / prakaraNAt prakRtiH arthAt jo vistAra karatI hai vaha prakRti hai| jaise sattva, rajas, tamasAtmaka prakRti se sRSTi utpanna hotI hai usI prakAra puruSa se sRSTi kI utpatti hotI hai| ataH puruSa aura prakRti meM koI antara nahIM hai / rUpAdi kA niyamana karane vAloM ko niyati kahate hai / puruSa bhI rUpAdi kA niyamana karatA hai| ataH puruSa aura niyati abhinna hai / apane rUpa meM honA svabhAva hai| puruSa bhI apane rUpa meM arthAt svarUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| ata: svabhAva bhI puruSa kA hI paryAyavAcI zabda hai 1 puruSavAda kA khaNDana : dvAdazAranayacakra meM ukta puruSavAda kI maryAdAoM ko pradarzita karane ke lie AcArya mallavAdi ne niyativAda kA utthAna kiyA hai / sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki puruSavAda meM puruSa jJAtA evaM svataMtra hai aisA mAnA gayA hai taba puruSa ko anartha aura aniSTa kA bhoga kyoM karanA par3atA hai ? kyoMki jo jJAnI hai aura jo svataMtra hai vaha vidvAn rAjA kI taraha sadA aniSTa aura anartha se mukta rahegA / kintu vyavahAra meM to puruSa ko anartha evaM aniSToM se vyApta dekhA jAtA hai / ata: yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki jo jJAtA ho, vaha svataMtra bhI ho / ___ yadi Apatti kI jAya ki nidrAvasthA ke kAraNa svataMtra puruSa kI svataMtratA kA bhaMga hotA hai usI prakAra aniSTa aura anartha ke Agamana kA kAraNa puruSa kI pramatta dazA hI hai| kintu aisA jAnane para bhI puruSa meM svataMtratA kI hAni hI jAnanI par3egI aura aisI paristhiti meM puruSa parataMtra hone ke kAraNa kartA nahIM bana skegaa| yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe ki puruSa svataMtra evaM kartA hone para bhI akartA aura parataMtra pratIta hotA hai taba puruSavAda kA svayaM lopa hogA kyoMki jagat kI vicitratA ko siddha karane ke lie puruSavAda kA Azraya liyA aura puruSavAda meM ukta Apatti kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie niyativAda kI parataMtratA kA Azraya liyA / ataH puruSavAda kI apekSA niyativAda hI zreSTha huA82 / isa prakAra puruSavAda kA bhI khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| niyativAda kA varNana Age kiyA gayA hai puruSAdvaita kI sthApanA karanA hI prastuta vAda kA lakSya hai| isakI sthApanA ke lie vibhinna tarko evaM Agama pramANa kA Azraya liyA hai| puruSavAda kI sthApanA kara dene para bhI usameM aneka doSoM kA udbhAvana anya vAda ke dvArA karAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra eka apekSA se puruSavAda satya hai to anya apekSA se puruSavAda asatya hai / aisI sthApanA karake A. mallavAdI ne apanI viziSTa zailI kA paricaya diyA hai / bhAvavAda: sRSTi ke kAraka tattva kI carcA karate hue nayacakra meM kAla-svabhAva-sthiti-niyati aura puruSa kI carcA ke pazcAt bhAvavAda kI carcA kI gaI hai83 / bhAvavAda kI yaha carcA kAraka ke prasaMga meM dvAdazAsnayacakra kI apanI vizeSatA hai / yadyapi Rgveda meM sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAyA gayA thA ki sRSTi sat se yA bhAva se huI athavA asat yA abhAva se huI ? bhAvavAda vastutaH yaha vicAraNArtha hai ki jo yaha mAnatA hai ki bhAva yA sat se hI sRSTi saMbhava hai yA sRSTi kA eka mAtra kAraNa hai / sAmAnya rUpa se yaha prazra sadaiva uTha rahA hai ki jisakI koI sattA nahIM hai usase utpatti kaise saMbhava hai ? utpatti kA AdhAra to koI bhAvAtmaka
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________________ 28 jitenda zAha Nirgrantha sattA hI honA cAhie / abhAva se koI bhI sRSTi saMbhava nahIM hai / kintu isake virodha meM yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki yadi hama bhAva ko hI eka mAtra kAraNa mAnate haiM to phira navInatA yA sRSTi kA koI artha nahIM raha jAegA / vastu bhAvAMga vaha vicAra saraNI hai jo satkAryavAda kA samarthaka hai / yadyapi isa AdhAra para bhAvavAda ke prasaMga meM ve sabhI dUSaNa dikhAe jAte hai jo satkArya vAda ke prasaMga meM prastuta kie jAte haiM / yadi sRSTi meM athavA utpatti meM koI navInatA na ho to vaha sRSTi yA utpatti hI nahIM kahalAegI / niyati, svabhAva Adi bhI bhAva ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hote haiM / bhAva zabda kI vyAkhyA hI yahI hai ki jisase yaha hotA hai "yad ayaM bhavati" / aura isameM nihita ayaM zabda hI sva kA sUcaka hai / ataH svabhAvavAda bhI bhAvavAda para Azrita hai / vastu ke sadbhAva meM ina bhAvoM kA abhAva hotA hai / ataH svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa bhAva se hI hotA hai / bhAvavAda ko abhivyakta karate hue AcArya mallavAdi kahate haiM ki bhAva se hI utpatti hotI hai / jo abhAva svarUpa hai usase utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? bhavana hI sarvavastu kA mUla hai| bhAva padArtha eka hI hai| usameM jo bheda kiyA jAtA hai vaha upacarita hai, kAlpanika hai / bhAva se hI jagat kI utpatti hotI hai / ataH jagat kI utpatti Adi kA kAraNa bhAva hI mAnanA cAhie.6 / / isa prakAra bhAvavAda kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai| bhAvavAda kA kathana hai ki eka mAtra bhAva hI kAraNa hai aisA mAnane para miTTI meM ghaTa utpanna hone kA bhAva kyoM hai? paTa hone kA svabhAva kyoM nahIM hai ? bhAvavAdiyoM ke pAsa isa prakAra kI Apatti kA koI uttara nahIM hai| bhAva zabda kA artha utpanna honA hotA hai arthAt vastu kevala utpanna dharmA hI hogI, nAza to vastu kA dharma nahIM hogA / ata: nAza kI prakriyA jo pratyakSa siddha hai, bhAvavAda meM nahIM ghaTegI / isa prakAra kAlavAda, puruSavAda, niyativAda, svabhAvavAda evaM bhAvavAda ke siddhAnta kA varNana prastuta graMtha meM prApta hotA hai| advaita kAraNa kI carcA karate hue uparoktavAdoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa varNana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki prAcIna kAla meM kAlAdivAda pracalita rahe hoMge kintu bAda meM ve darzana lupta ho gae itanA hI nahIM kintu tatad vAdoM kI carcA evaM khaMDana-maMDana bhI lupta ho gayA ataH paravartI dArzanika graMthoM meM etadviSayaka carcA prApta nahIM hotI hai| TippaNI : 1. kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH // zvetAzvataropaniSat, 1/2. 2. atharvaveda, pR. 405-406. 3. kAlAdApaH samabhavankAlAdbrahma tapo dizaH / kAlenodeti sUryaH kAle ni vizate punaH // atharva. , pR. 406. kAlena vAta: pavate kAlena pRthivI mahI / dyaurmahI kAla AhitA // vahI, pR. 406. kAlo ha bhUtaM bhavyaM ca putro ajanayatpurA ! kAlAhaca; samabhavanyajuH kAlAdajAyata / vahI, pR. 3. kAlo yajJaM samairayaddevebhyo bhAgamakSitam / kAle gandharvApsarasaH kAle lokAH pratiSThitA: // vahI, pR. 4. na karmaNA labhyate na cintayA vA nApyasti dAtA puruSasya kazcit / paryAyayogAd vihitaM vidhAtrA kAlena sarve labhate manuSyaH ||mhaabhaart, "zAMtiparva," 25/5. na buddhizAstrAdhyayanena zakyaM prAptuM vizeSa mnujairkaale| mUo'pi cApnoti kadAcidarthAne kAlo hi kArye prati nivizeSaH / vahI, "zAMtiparva," 25/6. 5. nAbhUtikAleSu phalaM dadanti zilpAni mantrAzca tathauSadhAni / tAnyeva kAlena samAhitAni siddhyanti vardhanti ca bhUtikAle / vahI, "zAMtiparva," 25/7.
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 6. ma. "zAM"., a. 25. 7. , na kAlavyatirekeNa grbhkaalshubhaadikm| yatkiJcinyate loke udasau kAraNaM kila - zAstravArtAsamuccaya sta. 2,53, pR. 45. 8. ma. "zAM"., a. 28, 32, 33. 9. kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharati prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH // - zA. vA. sa. sta. 2, 54, pR. 46. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, pR.218, kAla eva hi bhUtAni kAlaH saMhArasambhavau / svapannapi sa jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH // kAraNavAda dvA. na. pR. 219 10. kiJca kAlAdRte naiva mudgapaktirapIkSyate / sthAlyAdisaMnidhAne'pi tataH kAlAdasau matA // - zA0 vA0 sa0 sta. 2, 55, pa.. 46. 11. kAlAbhAve ca garbhAdi sarvaM syAdavyavasthayA / pareSTa hetu sadbhAvAdeva tadudbhavAt // vahIM, sta. 256, pR. 46. 12. vaizeSikadarzana, 2.2.6. 13. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 5 / 22. 14. yugapadayugapanniyatArthavRtteH kAla evaM bhaktIti bhAvitaM bhavati / iha yugapadavasthAyino ghaTarUpAdayo na kecidapi vastupravibhaktito yugapadvRttiprakhyAnAtmakaM kAlamantareNa dvA. na. pR. 205. 15. ato dharmArthakAmamokSAH kAlakRtA uktabhAvanAvat / tathA brAhmaNasya vasante'gnyAdhAnam, vaNijAM madyasya, IzvarANAM krIDAdInAm niSkramaNaM kRtvA yAvadvima vimokSaNasya kAlo pattInAm / dvA. na. pU. 210. 16. vahI, pR. 211-218. 17. kAlaH pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharati prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi durtikrmH| dvA. na. pR. 218. 18. kAla eva hi bhUtAni kAlaH saMhArasaMbhavau / svapannapi sa jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH // vahI, pR. 219. 19. nanu taiH sarvaiH 'svabhAva eva bhavati' iti bhAvyate / vahI, pR. 219. 20. kAlasyaiva tattvAt kAraNakAryavibhAgAbhAvAt sAmAnya vizeSavyavahArAbhAva eveti ceta evamapi sa eva svabhAvaH / pUrvAdivyavahAralabdhakAlA dhAnyam apUrvAditvAt niyativat yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM vrIhmadInAM ca tathA tathA bhavanAdeva tu svabhAvo'bhyupagataH / vahI, pR. 221 - 222. 21. vahI, pR. 221-222. 22. vahI, pR. 221-222. 23. vahI, pR. 221-222. 24. kAlo'pi samayAdita kevalaH so'pi kAraNam tata eva saMbhUteH kasyacitropapadyate // zA0 vA0 sa0 stabaka 2, 77. 25. yatazca kAle tulye'pi sarvatraiva na tatphalam / ato hetvantarApekSaM vijJeyaM tad vicakSaNaiH // vahI, stabaka- 2, 78. pR. 52. 26. svabhAvaH prakRtirazeSasya / dvA. na. pR. 220. 27. zvetA0, 1.2. 28. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRsaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // buddhacarita. 52 29. SaDdarzanasamuccaya pU. 20. 30. gommaTasAra, karmakANDa zlo. 883. 31. ma. "zAM0, 25.16 29
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________________ jitendra zAha Nirgrantha 32. gItA, 5.14. 33. mATharavRtti, kA. 61, nyAyakusumAMjali, 1.5, sAMkhyavRtti, kA. 61. 34. na svabhAvAtirekeNa garbhabAlazubhAdikam / yatkiJcijjAyate loke tadasau kAraNaM kila // sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAve tathA tathA / vartante nivartante kAmacAraparAGmukhAH // na vineha svabhAvena mudgapaktirapIkSyate / tathAkAlAdibhAve'pi, nAzvamASasya sA yataH // atatsvabhAvAt tadbhAve'tiprasaMgo'nivAritaH / tulye tatra mRdaH kumbho na paTAdItyayuktimat // zA. vA. sa. stabaka.2, 57-60. 35. hojja sabhAvo vatthu nikkAraNayA va vatthudhammo vA / jau vatthu Natthi tao'NuvaladdhIo khapuSpaM va // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 1913 36. mutto amutto va tao jai mutto to'bhihANao bhitro / kamma tti sahAvo ti ya jai vA'mutto na kattA to || vahI, gA. 1916. 37. vahI, gA. 1916. 38. aha so nikkAraNayA to kharasiMgAdao hoMtu / vahI, gA. 1917. 39. so mutto'mutto vA jai mutto to na savvahA sariso / pariNAmao payaM piva na dehahea jai amutto / uvagaraNAbhAvAo na ya havai suhamma / so amutto vi / kajjassa muttimattA suhasaMvittAdio ceva // vahI, gAthA 1789-90. 40. taiH sarvaiH 'svabhAva eva bhavati' iti bhAvyate / yat puruSAdayo bhavanti sa teSAM bhAvaH, tairbhUyate yathAsvam / tathA ca svabhAve sarvasvabhavanAtmani bhavati siddhe'rthAntaranirapekSe ke te? teSAmapi hi svatvaM svabhAvApAditameva, anyathA te ta eva na syuranAtmatvAd ghaTapaTavat / evameva tatra tatra puruSAdisvabhAvAnatikramAt sarvaikatvamabhinn tadbhAvavattvAdeva varNya iti svabhAva: prakRtirazeSasya / dvA. na. pR. 219-220. 41. yugapadayugapad ghaTarUpAdInAM vrIhyaGkarAdInAM ca tathA tathA bhavanAdeva tu svabhAvo'bhyupagataH / vahI, pR. 222. 42. tathA ca dRzyate teSveva tulyeSu bhUbhyambvAdiSu bhinnAtmabhAvaM pratyakSata eva kaNTakAdi / tadeva tIkSNAdibhUtam, na puSpAdi tAhAguNam / tacca vRkSAdInAmeva / tathA mayUrANDaka....mayUrAdibarhANyeva vicitrANi / vahI, pR. 222. 43. kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // kenAJjitAni nayanAni mRgAGgAnAnAM, ko vA karoti rucirAGgaruhAn mayUrAn / kazcotpaleSu dalasatricayaM karoti ko vA karoti vinayaM kulajeSu puMsu / vahI, pR. 222. 44. dvA. na. pR. 222-224. 45. vahI, pR. 224-225. 46. vahI, pR. 227. 47. zvetA0, 1.2. 48. dIghanikAya-sAmajjaphalasutta 49. vyAkhyAprajJapti upAsakadazAMga, sUtrakRtAMga. 50. bu. ca0, pR. 171. 51. upAsakadazAMga, a.-7. 52. vyAkhyAprajJapti zataka-15-. 53. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2-1-12, 2-6
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 kAraNavAda 54. niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA hote tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH / / zA. vA. sa. sta.2, 61. yadyadaiva yato yAvattattadaiva tatastathA / niyata jAyate, nyAyAtka etAM bAdhituM kSama: ? vahI, 62. 55. na carte niyati loke mugapaktirapIkSyate / tatsvabhAvAdibhAve'pi nAsAvaniyatA yataH // vahI, 63 56. anyathA'niyatatvena sarvabhAvaH prasajyate / anyonyAtmakatApatteH kriyAvaiphalyameva ca / / zA. vA. sa. sta. 2, 64. 57. prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vA / bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti nAzaH / / dvA. na. pR. 194. 58. paramArthato'bhedAsau kAraNaM jagataH, bhedavabuddhyutpattAvapi paramArthato'bhedAt, bAlAdibhedapuruSavat / katham ? abhedabuddhyAbhAsabhAve 'pyabhedAbhyanujJAnAd bhedabuddhyAbhAsabhAve'pyabhedAbhyanujJAnAdeva vyavacchinasthANupuruSatvat / vahI, pR. 195 59. sA ca tadatadAsatrAnAsanA, tasyA eva tadatadAsannAnAsannAnAnAvasthadravyadezAdipratibaddhabhedAt, meghagarbhavat / vahI, pR. 196. 60. na kAlAdayaM vicitro niyamaH, varSArAvAdiSvapi kvacidayathartupravRtteH / dvA. na. pR. 196. 61. na ca svabhAvAt, bAlyakaumArayauvanasthavirAvasthAH sarvasvabhAvatvAd yugapat syuH, bhedakramaniyatAvasthotpattyAdidarzanAna svabhAvaH kAraNam / vahI, pR. 196 62. puruSa evedaM sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhAvyam / utAmRtatvasyezAno yadannenAtirohati // dvA. na. pR. 189. 63. RksUktasaMgraha, puruSasUkta, saMhitA-pATha, 2 pR. 141. 64. dvA. na. pR. 189. 65. sahastrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH sahasrapAt / sa bhUmi sarvatasmRtvAtyatiSThaddazAGgulam / -R. sU. saM. "puruSasUkta," saMhitA, pATha-1, pR. 140, 66. vahI, pR. 140. 67. zvetA., 1.2 68. upaniSatsaMgraha, muNDakopaniSat, pR. 17. 69. dvA. na. pR. 189. 70. tadyathA-puruSo hi jJAtA jJAnamayatvAt / tanmayaM cedaM sarvaM tadekatvAt sarvaikatvAcca bhavatIti bhAvaH / ko bhavati ? yaH kartA / ka: kartA ? yaH svatantraH / kaH svatantraH ? kojJaH / - vahI, pR. 175. 71. vyA. pra., 18-10-647 uddhRta vahI, pR. 189. 72. nanu kSIrarasAdi dadhyAdeH kartR, na ca tajjJam, na, tatpravRttizeSatvAd gopravRttizeSakSIradadhitvavat, jJazeSatvAdvA cakrabhrAntantivat / dvA. na. pR. 175. 73. vahI, mUla evaM TIkA, pR. 190. 74. tantravAyakakozakArakakoTavacca tadAtmakA evaite saMhAravisargabandhamokSAH / yathA ca sudIptAt pAvakAdvisphuliMgA bhavanti... | vahI,
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________________ jitendra zAha Nirgrantha yathorNanAbhiH sRjate gRNIte ca yathA pRthivyAmauSadhayaH sambhavanti / yathA sataH puruSAt kezalomAnIti vA, yathA sudIptAta pAvakAdvisphuliGgA bhavanti tathAkSarAt sambhavatIha vizvam [muNDakopa.] muNDakopa. iti / vahI, pR. 191. 75. sa eva kalanAt kAlaH / dvA. na. pR. 191 __ sa eva jJatvAt kalanAt kAlaH, kala saMkhyAne [pA.dhA. 497. 1866], kalanaM jJAnaM saMkhyAnamityarthaH / vahI, pR. 191. 76. prakaraNAt prakRtiH / vahI, pR. 191 sattvarajastamaHsvatattvAn, prakAzapravRttiniyamArthAn guNAnAtmasvatattva vikalpAneva bhoktA prakurute iti prakRtiH yathAhureke ajAmekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM bahvIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajo Teko juSamANo'nuzete jahAtyenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH / zvetazva., 4.1.55, vahI, pR. 191. 77. rUpaNAdiniyamanAnniyatiH / vahI, pR. 191. 78. svena rUpeNa bhavanAt svabhAvaH / vahI, pR. 191. 79. vahI, pR. 246-261 80. sa yadi jJaH svataMtrazca, nAtmano'narthamaniSTamApAdayed vidvadrAjavat / vahI, pR. 193. 81. na, nidrAvadavasthAvRtteH puruSatAyA evAsvAtantryAt, AhitavegavitaTapAtavat / vahI, pR. 193. 82. nanu tajjJatvAdyayuktataivaiSA samarthyate, yuktatvAbhimatatve'pi cAyameva niyamaH kantaratvApAdanAya / bhavati kartA...acetano'pi bhavati / taniyamakAriNA kAraNenAvazyaM bhavitavyaM teSAM tathA bhAvAnyathAbhAvAbhAvAditi niyatirevaikA kI / vahI, pR. 193-194. 83. vahI, pR. 231-243. 84. ko addhA veda ka iha pra vocat kuta AjAtA kuta iyaM visRSTiH / Rgveda, "nAsadIyasUkta," 10.129, 6. 85. dvA. na. pR. 231-234. 86. tacca pratyavastamitaniravazeSavizeSaNaM bhavanaM sarvavastugarbhaH sarvabimbasAmAnyamabhinnaM bIjam / vahI, pR. 234. sandarbhagraMthasUci : 1. atharvaveda saMhitA, harayANA sAhitya saMsthAna, gurukula jhajjara, rohataka, prathama, vikrama saMvata 2043, (IsvI 1987). 2. upaniSatsaMgraha, muNDakopaniSat, prathama saMskaraNa, saMpA. paMDita jagadIza zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1970, pR. 17. 3. upAsakadazAMga, a. 7, saMpA. muni mizrImala mahArAja 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara 1980. 4. RksUktasaMgraha, "puruSasUkta," saMhitA-pATha, 2, prathama saMskaraNa hindI vyAkhyA-pro. haridatta zAstrI, ratirAma zAstrI, sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa bAjAra, meraTha 1956, pR. 141. 5. Rgveda, "nAsadIyasUkta" 10.121, 6. hariyANA sAhitya saMsthAna, rohataka hariyANA, vi. saM. 2041, (IsvI 1985). 6. gItArahasya karmayogazAstra 5.14, saptama AvRtti, bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka, rAmacandra balavaMta tilaka, nArAyaNa peTha, puNe 1933. 7. gommaTasAra, "karmakANDa' dvitIya AvRtti, anu. sva. paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI 1928, zlo, 883. 8. tattvArthasUtra, vi. phUlacandra zAstrI, dvitIya AvRtti, zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 1991. 9. dIghanikAya, "sAmajjaphalasutta," bhikkhU jagadIza kazyapa, bihAra rAjakIya pAliprakAzana maMDala, nAlandA 1958. 10. dvAdazAraM nayacakram, saMpA. AcArya zrImad vijaya labdhisUri, zrI labdhisUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, chANI, bar3odarA, vikrama saMvata 2016. 11. buddhacarita, dharmAnanda kosambI, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda 1937. 12. bhagavatI, upAsakadazAMga, sUtrakRtAMga saMpA. muni mizrImala mahArAja 'madhukara', zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara 1980.
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 kAraNavAda 13. bhagavatIsUtra, zataka-15 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara 1980. 14. mahAbhArata, "zAMtiparva," gItApresa, gorakhapura, paMcama, saMvata 2045, (IsvI 1919). 15. mATharavRtti, kA. 61, nyAyakusumAMjali 1.5., sAMkhyavRtti, kA. 61. caukhambA saMskRta sIrijha, kAzI. 16. muNDakopaniSat, prathama saMskaraNa, pR. 191 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 1970. 17. vizeSAvazyakabhASya. gA. 1913 anu. cunIlAla hakumacaMda, ahamadAbAda, AgamoddhAraka samiti, bambaI vI.sa. 2453, __(IsvI 1926). . 18. vaizeSika darzana, zrImadanantalAla deva zarmA, mithilA vidyApITha prakAzana, darabhaMgA 1957. 19. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/1/12,2/6 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAbara 1980. 20. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, zrIharibhadra sUri, zrI jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, prathama AvRtti, ahamadAbAda 1939. 21. zvetAzvataropaniSat, harinArAyaNa ApTe, Ananda Azrama mudraNAlaya, pUNe 1905. 22. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, saMpA. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillI 1970,