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________________ jIrNadurga-jUnAgaDha vize san 1925-1959 daramiyAna jUnAgaDhanA sarakArI saMgrahAlayanA rakSapAla tarIke huM kAma karato hato tyAre, bapore vizrAMtisamaye, tyAMnAM prANIsaMgrahasthAnano vidvAn ane itihAsapremI cokIdAra bhAI jUmo mArI pAse avAranavAra besavA Avato. (jUmAnAM UrdU ane phArasI uccAraNonI khumArIbharI, mIThI, khAnadAnI asaliyata pharIne sAMbhaLavA maLI nathI.) vAto daramiyAna jUmAe ghaNI vAra e bAbatano ullekha karelo ke jUnAgaDhanuM nAma "jUnAkhAM" parathI paDeluM che; ne mirAte ahamadImAM evI noMdha levAI che, vagere. mirAte ahamadI graMthamAM e saMdarbha che ke nahIM te tapAsI jovA jeTalI utsukatA tyAre thaI nahotI (ne Aje paNa nathI), paNa bhAI jUmAnI vAta tathyapUrNa hovA aMge te ghaDIe manomana vizvAsa beThelo nahIM. madhyakAlIna jaina lekhakonA kathita "jIrNadurga" nAma parathI ja "jUnAgaDha' nAma janabhASAmAM pachIthI AvI gayuM haze, ane "jIrNa' eTale jUnuM' ane "durgano paryAya "gaDha' hoI, tema ja uccAraNanI dRSTie jIrNadurga" karatAM "jUnAgaDha' zabdamAM sugamatA rahetI hoI, nagaranI nAma-saMjJAno mUlArtha kAyama rAkhI rUpAMtara-bhASAMtaranI prakriyAnA Azraye jema anyatra parivartana thayAnAM daSTAMto che tevuM ja ahIM paNa banyuM haze tevuM manamAM ghoLAtuM hovAnuM yAda che. paNa "zilAlekhomAM kutiyANA" nAmaka lekha aMtargata jUnAgaDhanA nAmotpatti vize zrI cho. ma. atri(amadAvAda 1970)e karela je rasamaya carcA jovA maLI, temAM bhAI jUmAe kahela matanuM eka rIte samarthana maLI rahe che : AthI A samasyA para vadhu vicAravAnI have jarUriyAta UbhI thatI hovAnuM mane lAgatAM ahIM tenAM vividha pAsAMo tapAsI je kaMI nirNayo thaI zake te rajU karIza. zrI atrie "kunipura' parathI "kutiyANA" nAma UtarI AvyuM che ke nahIM te mULa muddAnI kALajIpUrvakanI karelI tapAsaNImAM nAma-parivartananA niyamonI zodha calAvatAM tyAM je saMdarbhagata sAmagrI rajU karI che temAM "jUnAgaDha' nAmotpatti saMbaMdha vize je banyuM hovuM joIe te saMbhAvya hakIkata purAvA tarIke mUkI che. ahIM zrI atrinI carcAnA saMbaMdhabhUta mULa lekhana bhAga TAMkI, temanI tAravaNIo parathI upasthita thatA muddAo vize avalokIzuM. zrI atrie anya gAmonI sAthe jUnAgaDhanA paryAyo vize abhilekhonA AdhAre prathama to kAlakramabaddha tAlikA rajU karI che : "jUnAgaDha' gAma temAM prAraMbhe mUkyuM che; e jUnAgaDhavALA bhAgane ja ahIMnI carcA sAthe nisabata hoI mULa lAMbI tAlikAnA teTalA bhAgane ja ahIM uddhata karI AgaLa carcA karIzuM: krama taLapadI saMjJA saMskAreluM rUpa lekha-varSa prakAzana-saMdarbha vikrama-Isu 1. jUnAgaDha jIrNaprAkAra 143pa ! 1378 DisakaLakara 2. jUnAgaDha jIrNadurga 1445 1389 DisakaLakara
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________________ jIrNadurga-jUnAgaDha vize 191 3. jUnAgaDha jIrNaprAkAra 1469 ! 1413 DisakaLakara 4. jUnAgaDha jIrNadurga 1572 { 1516 nAhara tAlikA ApyA bAda zrI atrie "jUnAgaDha para karela carcA-vistArane ahIM yathAtatha rajU karI te pachI tenA para AgaLa vicAra karavo anukULa raheze : uparyukta tAlikA jotAM jaNAI Avaze ke "jIrNaprAkAra' ane 'jIrNadurga baMne jUnAgaDhanAM saMskRta tatsama rUpa hovAne badale saMskRta anuvAda mAtra che. Ama "jIrNaprAkAra' ke "jIrNadurgamAMthI jUnAgaDha banela nathI, paraMtu jUnAgaDhamAMthI "jIrNadurga" Adi banAvI devAmAM Avela che*. vastutaH prAyaH I. sa. 1350mAM gujarAtanA sulatAna mahaMmada "jUnA e rA'kheMgAra cothAne harAvIne uparakoTanuM nAma kadAca potAnA jUnA (eTale ke bacapaNanA) nAma jUnA" uparathI jUnAgaDha rAkhyuM, ane uparakoTanI bahAra vaselA zaherane paNa e nAma maLyuM evI paNa eka mAnyatA che. Ama sulatAna "jUnAne jANe ke bhUlI jaI prAcInatAnA arthamAM 'jUnAgaDhane kAraNe "jIrNadurga" "jIrNaprAkAra' jevAM maThArAyelAM rUpo abhilekhomAM I. sa. 1350 bAda pracalita banyAM. ethI ja prAyaH I. sa. 1350 pahelAMnA abhilekhomAM e ubhaye saMskRta saMjJAone badale ugrasenagaDha kheMgAragaDha Adi saMjJAo pracalita hatI : chatAM jIrNadurga'nA lekhamAM maLI paNa Ave che." zrI atrinA upalA vaktavya parathI nIcenA nirNayo tAravI zakAya : (1) "jUnAgaDha nAma parathI "jIrNadurga evuM saMskRtikaraNa pachIthI thayuM che : arthAta A kissAmAM vyutpattino vyutkama thayo che. (2) "jUnAgaDha' saMjJA kadAca sulatAna mahaMmada jUnA parathI I. sa. 1350 (I. sa. 13471)mAM rA'kheMgAra cothAne eNe harAvyA bAda pracAramAM AvI hoya. ane jUnAgaDhano jIrNadurga jevo thato zabdArtha, bAhya rUpanA bhaLatApaNAne kAraNe udabhavyo mAnavo ghaTe. (3) jUnAgaDha saMjJAne sthAne "jINadurga" ke "jIrNaprAkAra' jevAM saMskArAyelAM rUpo abhilekhomAM I. sa. 1350 bAda pracalita banyAM : te pahelAM "ugrasenagaDha "kheMgAragaDha Adi saMjJAo pracalita hatI. * zrI atrinI A sthaLe pAdaTIpa kramAMka 6 Ave che: bhASAzAstranI dRSTie yogya prakriyA dvArA jIrNadurga'mAMthI "jUnAgaDha' saMjJA kadAca sAdhI zakAya, paraMtu ahIM e siddhAMtano vyakrama thayo jaNAya che." + atri, pAdaTIpa kramAMka 7 : "zAstrI (a) ke. kA. saurASTranI prAcIna nagarIo, pathika, eprila-me 1969, pR. 49. zrI ke. kA. zAstrInuM mULa vidhAna A pramANe che : "bIje mate mahaMmada taghalaghanI saMjJA "jUnA' hatI tenA nAmathI A 'jUnogaDha' kahevAyuM.' + atri, pAdaTIpa kramAMka 8: "zAstrI DaoN. hariprasAda gujarAtI dainika vRttapatra ""phUlachAba'nA tA. ra6-12-69nA aMkamAM prasiddha thayelo lekha." (zrI zAstrIjIno A lekha mane saMdarbhathe jovA maLI zakyo nathI.)
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________________ 192 nircanI aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya-1 A phalazruti tattvArthamAM sAcI hoya to ene jUnAgaDhanA itihAsane ajavALatuM eka noMdhapAtra tathya gaNI zakAya paraMtu zrI atrinA nirNayone svIkAratAM pahelAM tenA upalaka parIkSaNathI UbhA thatA keTalAka praznonA saMtoSaprada khulAsA meLavavA jarUrI banI rahe che. praznamAlA A pramANe racI zakAya : 1) "jUnAgaDha' saMjJAno prayoga batAvatA jUnAmAM jUnA utkIrNa lekho tema ja vAmanAM pramANa kyAM che ane keTalAM maLe che : I. sa. 1350 pahelAnAM kharAM ? 2) e ja pramANe "jIrNadurga' abhidhAnanA ullekho keTalA prAcIna maLe che: 'jUnAgaDha mATe I. sa. 1350 pahelAM "jIrNadurga" e saMjJA pracAramAM hatI ke nahIM? 3) "jUnAgaDha' saMjJA "sulatAna mahaMmada jUnA' parathI paDI AvI che ke "jIdurga'nuM ja e tadarthabhUta taLapaduM rUpAMtara che. 4) 'ugrasenagaDha' ke "kheMgAragaDha'nuM 'jUnAgaDha' (ke pachI "jIrNadurga) sAthe samIkaraNa thaI zakatuM hovAnuM sIdhuM pramANa che ke nahIM? A savAlonA hArda vize vicAratAM ane upalabdha sAdhanonA parIkSaNathI prApta thatA javAbo have kramabaddha joI jaIe. 1) labhya abhilekhomAM tamane khyAla che tyAM sudhI) jUnAgaDha rUpa maLI AvatuM nathI. madhyakAlIna abhilekho tathA saMskRtamAM ja racAtA ane vAkya ke padaracanA mATe bhASAnI prakRtine lakSamAM letAM "jUnAgaDha' zabda lokajIbhe cAlato hoya topaNa, tyAM "jIrNadurga ke jIrNaprAkAra' jevuM rUpa ja vAparavuM susaMgata, aucityapUrNa, iSTa gaNAya; paNa saMskRtetara vAmaya-prAkRta, apabhraMza, jUnI gujarAtI ityAdi sAhityamAM-AvuM baMdhana na hoI zake, ne tyAM "jUnAgaDha abhidhAna maLI Ave che ke nahIM, ane hoya to AvA saMdarbho keTalA prAcIna che te vize tapAsa dharatAM mane be jUnA ullekho hAtha lAgyA che. temAM pahelo kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya vinayaprabhanI 14mA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM racAyelI jUnI gujarAtI "tIrthamALAstavanamAM : navakArau nau siripAsa maMgalaka, maMgalapure hi | vIraha e vauNathalIyaMmi junaigaDhi siripAsa pahu ! caDiyau e girigiranAri dIThI nayaNihi nemijaNa ! nAthI e bhavasaya pAvu jagagura jAgiu putragaNu !2vI AmAM maMgalapuramAMgaroLa-soraTha)nA zrI pArtha, vaNathalI (vaMthaLI-soraTha)nA zrI vIra, jUnaIgaDha (jUnAgaDha)nA zrI pArzva, ane giranArastha zrI neminAthane vAMghAnI noMdha che. bIjo ullekha rajU karIza e kALathI eka sadI bAdanA (ratnAkaragacchanA hemacaMdrasUriziSya) zrI jinatilakasUrinA jUnI gujarAtImAM racAyela "caityaparipATI stavana"mAMthI.
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________________ 193 jIrNadurga-jUnAgaDha vize jUnaIgaDhI pAsa tejalavihAra navapallava maMgalapuri majhAra ! puri pAsa risaha mayaNI mujhAri bhaMbhilIya saMprati ke gaI vihArI vA ahIM paNa "jUnaIgaDhI(jUnAgaDha)nA "pArtha'no ullekha che. (sAthe sAthe "maMgalapuranA prasiddha navapallava pArzvanAtha, ne vizeSamAM "pura'(porabaMdara)nA pArzvanAtha, "mayaNI' (miyANI)nA RSabhadeva tema ja bhubilI(dhUmalI)nA saMpratinirmita vihArano ullekha che.) upalA baMne saMdarbho parathI siddha thAya che ke ochAmAM ochuM 14mA zatakanA chellA caraNa jeTalA jUnA kALamAM lokabAnImAM jUnaIgaDhI'mAM vartamAna "jUnAgaDhanuM sAtamI vibhaktinuM vaparAyuM hatuM. paNa e baMne racanAo I. sa. 1350 bAdanI che; tethI "jUnAgaDha' saMjJA sulatAna mahaMmada jUnA' parathI vyutpanna nathI ja thaI evuM prathama darzane to puravAra karavA mATe tenI sAkSI upayukta nathI nIvaDatI. enAthI "jUnAgaDha" abhiyAnanI upalabdha sAhityika pramANanI pUrvasImA ja nidarzita thAya che. (2) "jUnAgaDhane "jIrNadurga" tarIke saMbodhatA ullekho-I. sa. 1350 pahelAMnA-cokkasa prApta che. alabatta thoDI mAtrAmAM uphreMkita lekhomAMthI to hajI sudhI najare caDyA nathI, paNa sAhityamAM je maLe che temAM mukhyatve A che : upakezagacchIya "siddhasUrinA ziSya "kakkasUrie saM. 1393 ! I. sa. 1337mAM racela nAbhinaMdanajIinoddhAra prabaMdhamAM saMghapati samarAzA zatruMjaya para temaNe karAvela AdijinanI punaHpratiSThA bAda "jIrNadurga" gayAno ullekha che. e ja graMthamAM saurASTranA anya jaina tIrthonI yAtrA bAda saMghamAM sAthe rahelA siddhasUri kaMIka rogathI pIDita thatAM "jIrNadurgamAM rokAyA hatA evI noMdha che. (3) AthI spaSTa thAya che ke zrI atrie TAMkela I. sa. 1378 ane I. sa. 1387nA tulyakAlIna abhilekhomAM vaparAyelA "jIrNaprAkAra" "jIrNadurga e jUnAgaDhanuM saMskRtIkaraNa nahIM, paNa "jUnAgaDhanuM asalI (saMskRta) nAma-smaraNa saMskRta racanAo pUratuM, jIvaMta rahyAnuM sUcana kare che. sulatAna mahaMmada jUnA sAthe teno koI saMbaMdha nathI ja. bhaLatI nAmachAyAne kAraNe muslima itihAsakAroe pAchaLathI potAne anukULa evI vyutpatti kalpI lIdhI hoya tema lAge che, jo mirAte ahamadImAM ke evA koI anya sAdhanagraMthamAM evo ullekha hoya to. AthI "jUnA miyAM'nuM nAma bhulAI jaI, 'jUnA" eTale gujarAtI zabda "jUnuM' evo artha karI, pachIthI jIrNadurga" thayuM ema ghaTAvavA mATe koI AdhAra to nathI ja, paNa purANa pramANo 'jIrNadurga ane jUnAgaDhane paryAyArtha-mUlArtha daSTie, spaSTa rIte, tadbhava saMbaMdhathI sAMkaLI de che. (4) "ugrasenagaDha kheMgAragaDha ane "jIrNadurga e ekabIjAnA paryAyo che tema siddha karatuM mahattvanuM pramANa zrI jinaprabhasUrinI suprasiddha racanA kmapradIpa aMtargata prAkRta "raivata girilpa"mAM mojUda che : tejalapusssa pUvvadisAe uggaseNagaDhaM nAma duggaM jugAinAppamuha jiNamaMdirarehillaM vijjai ! ni, ai- bhA. 1-25
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________________ 194 nirgastha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya-1 tassa ya tiNNi nAmadhijjAiM pasiddhAI / iM jahA-uggaseNagaDhaM ti vA, khaMgAragaDhaM ti vA, juNNaduggaM ti vA // kalpapradIpanuM samAptinuM varSa saM1389 | I. sa. 1333 ApyuM che. "paivatagirikalpa'e pahelAM thoDA varSa agAu racAI cUkyo haze; jema ke te graMtha aMtargatano vaibhAragirikalpa" saM. 1364 { Isa. 1308mAM racAyo hato, A samIkaraNamAM "juNaduzma' zabda Apyo che, "jiNadugga' (eTale ke jIrNadurga)nahIM te vAta noMdhavI joIe. prAkRta "juNa saMskRta 'jUrNa' parathI Avyo che; ane jUrNa tema ja "jIrNa' zabdo paryAyavAcI che. A muddo "jUnAgaDha' zabdanI vyutpatti nizcita karavA mATe atyaMta mahattvano banI rahe che. A dRSTikoNathI jotAM "jUrNadurgajuNyaudummu jUnogaDha'-jUnAgaDha' e rIte kramika rUpapalaTo thayo hoya tema jaNAya che : svAbhAvika lAge che. jUnA' bhAga 'jIrNa parathI sIdhI rIte nahIM, paNa tenA paryAya "jUrNa' parathI UtarI Avyo che ane "gaDha" ane "durga" ekabIjAnA paryAya hoI 'jUrNadurgane badale sAralyamUlaka jUnogaDha' ane pachIthI "jUnAgaDha' zabda lokabhASAmAM pracalita banI gayo. 'jUnAgaDha'nuM sAtamI vibhaktinuM eka uccAraNa "jUnegaDha' paNa vRddhajanone karatAM meM bacapaNamAM sAMbhaLelA.("huM paramaNe "di jUnegaDha gyoto" jevI vAkya racanAmAM.) A rUpa "jUnI gujarAtI' ke 'gUrjara bhASAmAM vaparAtuM "jUnaigaDhi' parathI utarI AvyuM che. jUnAgaDhanA vividha nAmakaraNa vize thoDuM vicArIe to temAM 'uggaeNagaDha' eTale ke "ugrasenagaDha' e paurANika brAhmaNIya, tema ja neminAtha saMbaMdhInAM jaina kathAnakone anusaratuM pAraMparika nAma haze. jayAre "kheMgAragaDha' nAma jayasiMha siddharAjanA samakAlIna cUDAsamA rA'kheMgAra parathI paDyuM haze. kheMgAranuM nAma joDAvAnA kAraNamAM to vaMthaLIthI jUnAgaDha gAdI badalanAra rA'kheMgAre "jUnAgaDha'nA uparakoTane samarAvI vistAryo haze te hovuM joIe. uparakoTanI jUnI AlaMkArika pratolInAM lakSaNo 12mA zatakanA pUrvArdhanAM hoI ene rA'kheMgAranI samayanI kRti gaNavI joIe. jyAre "jIrNadurga" ke "juSNadugga" nAma e sUcave che ke uparakoTane sthAne mULa ghaNA purAtana kALano gaDha(rA'graharipue dazamA zatakamAM samarAvela ke nava nirmAvela ?) gaDha haze jenuM 'jIrNadurga" evuM nAma rAkheMgAranA samayanA navoddhAra pachI paNa Adatane kAraNe pracAramAM rahI javA pAmyuM haze, je cheka 'jUnAgaDha' nAmarUpamAM Aja divasa sudhI TakI rahyuM che. TippaNo : 1. AnA dAkhalAo uttara bhArata karatAM dakSiNa bhAratamAM vizeSa che. mULa viSaya sAthe tenI bahu upayuktatA na hoI ahIM vigatomAM UtaravuM anAvazyaka che.
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________________ jIrNadurga-jUnAgaDha vize 195 2. pathika varSa 9, aMka 8-9, me jUna 1970, (khAsa saurASTra aMka), pR. 96-97. 3. ejana, pR. 96. 4. atri, pR. 97. 5. zrI jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 17, aMka 1. (kramAMka 193), amadAvAda 15-10-51, pR. 21. AnuM saMpAdana bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTAe saM. 1430 ! Isa. 1374nI prata parathI karyuM che. da, jaina tIrthono itihAsa, zrI cAritra smAraka graMthamALA : puSpa 38muM, amadAvAda 1949, pR. 59. saMda munirAja zrI nyAyavijayajI (tripuTI). 7, "puri pAsa'no artha "pure pArtha' thAya. AmAM kaheluM 'pura gAma te "bhUtAmbilikAnA rANaka bASpadevanA saM. 1045 ? I. sa. 989nA tAmrapatramAM kahela "pauravelAkula' ane uttara madhyakAlIna lekhomAM AvatuM "purabaMdira' eTale ke hAlanuM "porabaMdara' hovuM joIe. "porabaMdaramAM Aje to pArzvanAthanuM koI ja maMdira nathI. (saMpAdake "pura'nI pichAna ApavAno prayatna karyo nathI.) 8, "maNI' te porabaMdarathI 22 mAIla vAyavya AveluM samudrataTavartI purANuM gAma "miyANI(maNipura) jaNAya che. (saMpAdaka A gAmanI sAcI pichAna ApI zakayA nathI.) Aje "miyANI'mAM gAmanA jUnA koTanI aMdara nIlakaMTha mahAdevanA pUrvAbhimukha saM. 1260 I. sa. 1204nA lekhavALA pUrvAbhimukha maMdiranI samIpa, paNa uttarAbhimukha, jaina maMdira UbheluM che. teno samaya zailInI dRSTie 13mI zatAbdIno aMtabhAga jaNAya che. caityaparipATImAM ullikhita jina RSabhanuM maMdira te nizcayatayA A purANuM maMdira jaNAya che. 9. ghumalImAM suprasiddha navalakhA maMdirathI dakSiNamAM eka jaina maMdiranuM (vANiyAvasInuM khaMDera UbhuM che. Aje to temAM thoDAka thAMbhalA mAtra UbhA che. temAMthI maLI Avela jinapratimAnuM rekhAMkana James Burgess tl Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kutch, London 1876, plate XLVI 2% 54). 10. juo 59 lAlacaMdra gAMdhI, "zatruMjaya tIrthano uddhAraka samarAsAha," jainayuga, pu. 1, aMka 9 vaizAkha 1982, pR. 304, 11. sighI jaina graMthamAlA, saM. (muni jinavijaya, zAMtiniketana 1934, pR. 10. 12. ejana pR. 2. 13. AnAM pramANo ahIM rajU karavAthI viSaya-vistAra thavAno bhaya hoI te vAta choDI dIdhI che. pariziSTa prA. baMsIdhare jUnAkhA saMbaMdhamAM nIcenI noMdha mokalAvI che je zabdazaH ahIM peza karuM chuM. "jUnAkho"arabImAM "jUnA" = hiMsakaprANI, khAM = ghara, raheThANa. Ape mirAte ahamadIno reference TAMkyo hota to sAruM thAta. tyAM phArasInA koI vidvAnuM pAsethI maLI raheta. kadAca giranAra para vAgha-siMha hiMsaka pazuo rahevAthI "jUnA-khAM" jevuM phArasI-urdU nAma to nathI ?'