Jaindarshan me Sat ka Swarup

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Shwetambar_Sthanakvasi_Jain_Sabha_Hirak_Jayanti_Granth_012052.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210983/1

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jainadarzana meM sat kA svarUpa jaina Agama sAhitya kI vyAkhyA evaM unameM varNita viSaya- dravyAnuyoga hai| vastu ko mukhya rUpa se jina cAra vibhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai, ve vizva ke sandarbha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki yaha vizva anuyoga kahe jAte haiN| anuyoga cAra haiM- (1) dravyAnuyoga, (2) akRtrima hai ('logo akiTTimo khalu' mUlAcAra, gAthA 7/2) / isa loka gaNitAnuyoga, (3) caraNakaraNAnuyoga aura (4) dhrmkthaanuyog| ina kA koI nirmAtA yA sRSTikartA nahIM hai| ardha-mAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM cAra anuyogoM meM se jisa anuyoga ke antargata vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM bhI loka ko zAzvata batAyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yaha loka ke svarUpa ke sambadha meM vivecana kiyA jAtA hai,use dravyAnuyoga kahate anAdikAla se hai aura rhegaa| RSibhASita ke anusAra loka kI haiN| khagola-bhUgola sambandhI vivaraNa gaNitAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiN| zAzvatatA ke isa sidvAnta kA pratipAdana bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne kiyA thaa| dharma aura sadAcaraNa saMbaMdhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA vivecana caraNakaraNAnuyoga Age calakara bhagavatIsUtra meM mahAvIra ne bhI isI sidvAnta kA anumodana aMtargata hotA hai aura dharma evaM naitikatA meM AsthA ko dRr3ha karane hetu kiyaa|2 jaina darzana loka ko jo akRtrima aura zAzvata mAnatA hai usakA sadAcArI, satapuruSoM ke jo AkhyAnaka (kathAnaka) prastuta kiye jAte tAtparya yaha hai ki loka kA koI racayitA evaM niyAmaka nahIM hai, vaha haiM, ve dharmakathAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiN| svAbhAvika hai aura anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai, kintu jainAgamoM meM isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ina cAra anuyogoM meM bhI loka ke zAzvata kahane kA tAtparya kathamapi yaha nahIM hai ki usameM koI dravyAnuyoga kA sambandha tAttvika yA dArzanika cintana se hai| jahA~ taka parivartana nahIM hotA hai| vizva ke sandarbha meM jaina cintaka jisa nityatA hamAre dArzanika cintana kA prazna hai Aja hama use tIna bhAgoM meM ko svIkAra karate haiM, vaha nityatA kUTastha nityatA nahIM, pariNAmI vibhAjita karate haiM- 1. tattva-mImAMsA, 2. jJAna-mImAMsA aura 3. nityatA hai, arthAt ve vizva ko parivartanazIla mAnakara bhI mAtra pravAha yA aacaar-miimaaNsaa| ina tInoM meM se tattva-mImAMsA evaM jJAna-mImAMsA donoM prakriyA kI apekSA se nitya yA zAzvata kahate haiN| hI dravyAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiN| inameM bhI jahA~ taka tattva-mImAMsA bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue loka ko kA sambandha hai, usake pramukha kArya jagat ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM, upAdAnoM paMcAstikAya rUpa kahA gayA hai|3 jaina darzana meM isa vizva ke mUlabhUta yA padArthoM aura unake kAryoM kI vivecanA karanA hai| tattva-mImAMsA kA upAdAna pA~ca astikAya dravya haiM-1. jIva (cetana tattva), 2. pudgala Arambha tabhI huA hogA jaba mAnava meM jagat ke svarUpa aura usake (bhautika tattva), 3. dharma (gati kA niyAmaka tattva), 4. adharma (sthiti mUlabhUta upAdAna ghaTakoM ko jAnane kI jijJAsA prasphuTita huI hogI niyAmaka tattva) aura 5. AkAza (sthAna yA avakAza dene vAlA tathA usane apane aura apane pariveza ke saMdarbha meM cintana kiyA hogaa| tttv)| isI cintana ke dvArA tattva-mImAMsA kA prAdurbhAva huA hogaa| "maiM kauna jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ kAla ko svatantra tattva nahIM mAnA gayA hai| haiM", "kahA~ se AyA hU~" "yaha jagat kyA hai", jisase yaha nirmita yadyapi paravartI jaina vicArakoM ne kAla ko bhI vizva ke parivartana ke huA hai, ve mUlabhUta upAdAna,ghaTaka kyA haiM", "yaha kina niyamoM se maulika kAraNa ke rUpa meM yA vizva meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke niyAmaka niyaMtrita evaM saMcAlita hotA hai" inhIM praznoM ke samAdhAna hetu hI tattva ke rUpa meM svatantra dravya mAnA hai| isakI vistRta carcA Age vibhinna darzanoM kA aura unake tattva-viSayaka gaveSaNAoM kA janma huaa| paMcAstikAyoM aura SadravyoM ke prasaMga meM kI jaayegii| yahA~ hamArA jaina paramparA meM bhI usake prathama evaM prAcInatama Agama graMtha AcArAMga kA pratipAdya to yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika vizva ke mUlabhUta upAdAnoM ke rUpa prArambha bhI isI cintanA se hotA hai ki "maiM kauna hU~, kahA~ se AyA hU~, meM paMcAstikAyoM evaM SadravyoM kI carcA karate haiN| vizva ke ina mUlabhUta isa zarIra kA parityAga karane para kahA~ jaauuNgaa|"1 vastuta: ye hI aise upAdAnoM ko dravya athavA sat ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| dravya prazna haiM jinase dArzanika cintana kA vikAsa hotA hai aura tattva- athavA sat vaha hai jo apane Apa meM paripUrNa, svatantra aura vizva kA mImAMsA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| maulika ghaTaka hai| jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA sat, tattva, paramArtha, tattva-mImAMsA vastuta: vizva-vyAkhyA kA eka prayAsa hai| isameM dravya, svabhAva, para-apara dhyeya, zuddha aura parama ina sabhI ko ekArthaka jagat ke mUlabhUta upAdAnoM tathA unake kAryoM kA vivecana vibhinna yA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| bRhadnayacakra meM kahA gayA haidRSTikoNoM se kiyA jAtA hai| vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka jo apane tataM taha paramaTuM davyasahAyaM taheva prmprN| astitva ke liye kisI anya ghaTaka para Azrita nahIM hai tathA jo kabhI dheyaM suddhaM paramaM eyaTThA huMti abhihANA / / bhI apane sva-svarUpa kA parityAga nahIM karate haiM ve sat yA dravya -bRhadnayacakra, 411 kahalAte haiN| vizva ke tAttvika AdhAra yA mUlabhUta upAdAna hI sat yA jainAgamoM meM vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka ke lie astikAya, dravya kahe jAte haiM aura jo ina dravyoM kA vivecana karatA hai vahI tattva aura dravya zabdoM kA prayoga milatA haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM hameM tattva

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98 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 aura dravya ke, sthAnAMga meM astikAya aura padArtha ke, RSibhASita, vyApakatA kI dRSTi se tattva kI apekSA padArtha aura padArtha kI apekSA samavAyAMga aura bhagavatI meM astikAya ke ullekha milate haiN| kuMdakuMda dravya adhika saMkucita hai| tattvoM meM padArtha kA aura padArthoM meM dravya kA ne artha, padArtha, tattva, dravya aura astikAya-ina sabhI zabdoM kA prayoga samAveza hotA hai| sat zabda ko isase bhI adhika vyApaka artha meM kiyA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina Agamayuga meM to vizva ke prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vastuta: jo bhI astitvavAn hai, vaha sat ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM ke lie astikAya, tattva, dravya aura padArtha zabdoM kA antargata A jAtA hai| ata: sat zabda, tattva, padArtha, dravya Adi zabdoM prayoga hotA thaa| 'sat' zabda kA prayoga Agama yuga meM nahIM huaa| kI apekSA bhI adhika vyApaka artha kA sUcaka hai| umAsvAti hI aise AcArya haiM jinhoMne Agamika dravya, tattva aura uparyukta vivecana se eka niSkarSa yaha bhI nikAlA jA sakatA astikAya zabdoM ke sAtha-sAtha dravya ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM 'sat' zabda hai ki jo darzanadhArAyeM abhedavAda kI ora agrasara huIM unameM 'sat' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| vaise astikAya zabda prAcIna aura jaina darzana kA kI pramukhatA rahI jabaki jo dhArAyeM bhedavAda kI ora agrasara huIM unameM apanA viziSTa paribhASika zabda hai| yaha apane artha kI dRSTi se sat ke 'dravya' zabda kI pramukhatA rhii| nikaTa hai, kyoMki donoM hI astitva lakSaNa ke hI sUcaka haiN| tattva, jahA~ taka jaina darzanikoM kA prazna hai unhoMne sat aura dravya dravya aura padArtha zabda ke prayoga sAMkhya aura nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM meM meM eka abhinnatA sUcita kI hai| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne 'sat dravya bhI milate haiN| lakSaNaM' kahakara donoM meM abheda sthApita kiyA hai phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa tattvArthasUtra (5/29) meM umAsvAti ne bhI dravya aura sat rakhanA cAhiye ki jahA~ 'sat' zabda eka sAmAnya sattA kA sUcaka hai vahA~ donoM ko abhinna batAyA hai| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki sata, 'dravya' zabda vizeSa sattA kA sUcaka hai| jaina AgamoM ke TIkAkAra paramArtha, parama tattva aura dravya sAmAnya dRSTi se paryAyavAcI hote hue bhI abhayadevasUri ne aura unake pUrva tattvArthabhASya (1/35) meM umAsvAti ne vizeSa dRSTi evaM apane vyutpattilabhya artha kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna haiN| 'sarva ekaM sad vizeSAt' kahakara sat zabda se sabhI dravyoM ke sAmAnya veda, upaniSad aura unase vikasita vedAnta darzana kI vibhinna dArzanika lakSaNa astitva ko sUcita kiyA hai| ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki sat zabda dhArAoM meM sat zabda pramukha rahA hai| Rgveda meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki abheda yA sAmAnya kA sUcaka hai aura dravya zabda vizeSa kaa| yahA~ hameM "ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti" arthAt sat (parama tattva) eka hI hai- yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM sat aura vipra (vidvAna) use aneka rUpa se kahate haiN| kintu dUsarI ora svatantra dravya zabda meM tAdAtmya sambandha hai| sattA kI apekSA ve abhinna haiM; unheM cintana ke AdhAra para vikasita darzana paramparAoM-vizeSa rUpa se vaizeSika eka dUsare se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki sat arthAt darzana meM dravya zabda pramukha rahA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vyutpattiparaka artha kI astitva ke binA dravya bhI nahIM ho sktaa| dUsarI ora dravya (sattAdRSTi se sat zabda astitva kA athavA prakArAntara se nityatA yA vizeSa) ke binA sat kI koI sattA hI nahIM hogii| astitva (sat) ke aparivartanazIlatA kA evaM dravya zabda parivartanazIlatA kA sUcaka hai| binA dravya aura dravya ke binA astitva nahIM ho skte| astitva yA sAMkhyoM evaM naiyAyikoM ne isake lie tattva zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| sattA kI apekSA se to sat aura dravya donoM abhinna haiN| yahI kAraNa hai yadyapi yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra ne ki umAsvAti ne sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa kahA thaa| spaSTa hai ki lakSaNa pramANa Adi 16 tattvoM ke lie sat zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai phira aura lakSita bhinna-bhinna nahIM hote haiN| bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana meM kramaza: tattva aura vastuta: sat aura dravya donoM meM unake vyutpattiparaka artha kI dravya zabda hI adhika pracalita rahe haiN| sAMkhya darzana bhI prakRti aura apekSA se hI bheda hai, astitva yA sattA kI apekSA se bheda nahIM hai| hama puruSa ina donoM ko tathA inase utpanna buddhi, ahaMkAra, pA~ca jJAnendriyoM, unameM kevala vicAra kI apekSA se bheda kara sakate haiM, sattA kI apekSA pA~ca karmendriyoM, paMca tanmAtrAoM aura paMca mahAbhUtoM ko tattva hI kahatA se nhiiN| sat aura dravya anyonyAzrita hai, phira bhI vaicArika stara para hai| isa prakAra svatantra cintana ke AdhAra para vikasita ina darzana hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki sat hI eka aisA lakSaNa hai jo vibhinna dravyoM paramparAoM meM tattva, padArtha, artha aura dravya kA prayoga pramukha rUpa se meM abheda kI sthApanA karatA hai, kintu hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye huA hai| sAmAnyatayA to tattva, padArtha, artha aura dravya zabda paryAyavAcI ki sat dravya kA ekamAtra lakSaNa nahIM hai| dravya meM astitva ke atirikta rUpa meM prayukta hote haiM kintu inameM apane tAtparya ko lekara bhinnatA bhI anya lakSaNa bhI haiM, jo eka dravya ko dUsare se pRthak karate haiN| astitva mAnI gayI haiN| tattva zabda sabase adhika vyApaka hai usameM padArtha aura lakSaNa kI apekSA se sabhI dravya eka haiM kintu anya lakSaNoM kI apekSA dravya bhI samAhita hai| nyAya darzana meM jina tattvoM ko mAnA gayA hai unameM se ve eka-dUsare se pRthak bhI haiN| jaise cetanA lakSaNa jIva aura ajIva dravya kA ullekha prameya ke antargata huA hai| vaizeSikasUtra meM dravyaguNa, meM bheda karatA hai| sattA meM sat lakSaNa kI apekSA se abheda aura anya karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya ye SaT padArtha aura prakArAntara se lakSaNoM se bheda mAnanA yahI jaina darzana kI anekAntika dRSTi kI abhAva ko milAkara sAta padArtha kahe jAte haiN| inameM bhI dravya, guNa aura vizeSatA hai| karma ina tIna kI hI artha saMjJA hai| ata: siddha hotA hai ki artha kI ardha-mAgadhI Agama sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM jahA~ abheda

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dRSTi ke AdhAra para jIva dravya ko eka kahA gayA hai, meM bheda dRSTi se jIva dravya meM bheda kiye gaye hai| 4 jainadarzana meM sat kA svarUpa vahIM uttarAdhyayana jahA~ taka jaina dArzanikoM kA prazna hai, ve sat aura dravya donoM hI zabdoM ko na kevala svIkAra karate haiM, apitu unako eka-dUsare se samanvita bhI karate haiN| yahA~ hama sarvaprathama sat ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kareMge, usake bAda dravyoM kI carcA kareMge tathA anta meM tattvoM ke svarUpa para vicAra kreNge| sat kA svarUpa jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai jaina dArzanikoM ne sat, tattva aura dravya ina tInoM ko paryAyavAcI mAnA hai kintu inake zAbdika artha kI dRSTi se ina tInoM meM antara hai sat vaha sAmAnya lakSaNa hai jo sabhI dravyoM aura tattvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai evaM dravyoM ke bheda meM bhI abheda ko pradhAnatA detA hai jahA~ taka tattva kA prazna hai, vaha bheda aura abheda donoM ko athavA sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| sat meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA jAtA, jabaki tattva meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne tatvoM kI carcA ke prasaMga para na kevala jar3a aura cetana dravyoM arthAt jIva aura ajIva kI carcA kI hai, apitu Asava, saMvara Adi unake pArasparika sambandhoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| tattva kI dRSTi se na kevala jIva aura ajIva meM bheda mAnA gayA apitu jIvoM meM bhI paraspara bheda mAnA gayA, vahIM dUsarI ora Asrava, bandha Adi ke prasaMga meM unake tAdAtmya yA abheda ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA, kintu jahA~ taka 'dravya' zabda kA prazna hai vaha sAmAnya hote hue bhI dravyoM kI lakSaNagat vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para unameM bheda karatA hai| 'sat' zabda sAmAnyAtmaka hai, tattva zabda sAmAnya vizeSa ubhayAtmaka hai aura dravya vizeSAtmaka hai| punaH sat zabda sattA ke aparivartanazIla pakSa kA dravya zabda parivartanazIla pakSa kA aura tattva zabda ubhaya pakSa kA sUcaka hai| jainoM kI nayoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kaheM to sat zabda saMgrahanaya kA, tattva naigamanaya kA aura dravya zabda vyavahAranaya kA sUcaka hai| sat abhedAtmaka hai, tattva bhedAbhedAtmaka hai aura dravya zabda bhedAtmaka hai| cU~ki jaina darzana bheda, bhedAbheda aura abheda tInoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, ataH usane apane cintana meM ina tInoM ko sthAna diyA hai| ina tInoM zabdoM meM hama sarva prathama sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vicAra kreNge| yadyapi apane vyutpattiparaka artha kI dRSTi se sat zabda sattA ke aparivartanazIla, sAmAnya evaM abhedAtmaka pakSa kA sUcaka hai| phira bhI sat ke svarUpa ko lekara bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM mataikya nahIM hai koI use aparivartanazIla mAnatA hai to koI use parivartanazIla, koI use eka kahatA hai to koI aneka, koI use cetana mAnatA hai to koI use jdd'| vastutaH sat, parama tattva yA paramArtha ke svarUpa sambandhI ina vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ke mUla meM pramukha rUpa se tIna prazna rahe haiN| prathama prazna usake ekatva athavA anekatva kA hai| dUsare prazna kA sambandha usake parivartanazIla yA aparivartanazIla kA hone se hai| tIsare prazna kA / 99 vivecya usake cit yA acit hone se hai| jJAtavya hai ki adhikAMza bhAratIya darzanoM ne cita-acita, jar3a-cetana yA jIva-ajIva donoM tatvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai ataH yaha prazna adhika carcita nahIM banA phira bhI ina saba praznoM ke diye gaye uttaroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhAratIya cintana meM sat ke svarUpa meM vividhatA A gyii| sat ke parivartanazIla yA aparivartanazIla pakSa kI samIkSA / sat ke parivartanazIla athavA aparivartanazIla svarUpa ke sambandha meM do ativAdI avadhAraNAeM haiN| eka dhAraNA yaha hai ki sat nirvikAra evaM avyaya hai trikAla meM usameM koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| ina vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki jo parivartita hotA hai, vaha sat nahIM ho sakatA parivartana kA artha hI hai ki pUrva avasthA kI samApti aura navIna avasthA kA grahaNa ina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jisameM utpAda evaM vyaya kI prakriyA ho use sat nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jo avasthAntara ko prApta ho use sat kaise kahA jAya ? isa siddhAnta ke virodha meM jo siddhAnta astitva meM AyA vaha sat kI parivartanazIlatA kA siddhAnta hai| ina vicArakoM ke anusAra parivartanazIlatA yA arthakriyAkAritva kI sAmarthya hI sat kA lakSaNa hai jo gatizIla nahIM hai dUsare zabdoM meM jo arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti se hIna hai use sat nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jahA~ taka bhAratIya dArzanika ciMtana kA prazna hai kucha aupaniSadika cintaka aura zaMkara kA advaita vedAnta sat ke aparivartanazIla hone ke prathama siddhAnta ke prabala samarthaka haiN| AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra sat nirvikAra aura avyaya hai vaha utpAda aura vyaya donoM se rahita haiN| isake viparIta dUsarA siddhAnta bauddha dArzanikoM kA hai| ve sabhI ekamata se svIkAra karate haiM ki sat kA lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva hai| utpatti aura vinAza kI prakriyA se pRthak koI vastu sat nahIM ho sktii| jahA~ taka bhAratIya cintakoM meM sAMkhya darzanikoM kA prazna hai ve cit tattva yA puruSa ko aparivartanazIla yA kUTasthanitya mAnate haiM kintu unakI dRSTi meM prakRti kUTasthanitya nahIM hai vaha parivartanazIla tatva hai| isa prakAra sAMkhya dArzanika apane dvArA svIkRta do tattvoM meM eka ko parivartanazIla aura dUsare ko aparivartanazIla mAnate haiN| vastutaH sat ko nirvikAra aura avyaya mAnane meM sabase bar3I bAdhA yaha hai ki usake anusAra jagat ko mithyA yA asat hI mAnanA hotA hai, kyoMki hamArI anubhUti kA jagat to parivartanazIla hai isameM kucha bhI aisA pratIta nahIM hotA jo parivartana se rahita ho na kevala vyakti aura samAja apitu bhautika padArtha bhI pratikSaNa badalate rahate haiN| sat ko nirvikAra aura avyaya mAnane kA artha hai jagat kI anubhUtigata vividhatA ko nakAranA aura koI bhI vicAraka anubhavAtmaka parivartanazIlatA ko nakAra nahIM sktaa| cAhe AcArya zaMkara kitane hI jora se isa bAta ko rakheM ki nirvikAra brahma hI satya hai aura parivartanazIla jagat mithyA hai kintu Anubhavika stara para koI bhI vicAraka ise svIkAra nahIM kara skegaa| anubhUti ke stara para jo parivartanazIla kI anubhUti hai use - .

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100 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 kabhI bhI nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yadi sat trikAla meM avikArI aura karegA aura jo vetana milegA vaha kisI anya ko| isI prakAra RNa aparivartanazIla ho to phira vaiyaktika jIvoM yA AtmAoM ke baMdhana aura koI anya vyakti legA aura usakA bhugatAna kisI anya vyakti ko mukti kI vyAkhyA bhI arthahIna ho jaayegii| dharma aura naitikatA donoM kA karanA hogaa| hI una darzanoM meM koI sthAna nahIM hai, jo sat kI apariNAmI mAnate haiN| yaha satya hai ki bauddha darzana meM sat ke anitya evaM kSaNika jaise jIvana meM bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura praur3hAvasthA AtI hai, usI svarUpa para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki bhagavAn buddha prakAra sattA meM bhI parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| Aja kA hamAre anubhava kA sat ko eka prakriyA (Process) ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM vizva vahI nahIM hai, jo hajAra varSa pUrva thA, usameM pratikSaNa parivartana vizva mAtra eka prakriyA (parivartanazIlatA) hai, usa prakriyA se pRthak ghaTita hote haiN| na kevala jagat meM apitu hamAre vaiyaktika jIvana meM bhI koI sattA nahIM hai| ve kahate haiM kriyA hai, kintu kriyA se pRthak koI parivartana ghaTita hote rahate haiM ata: astitva yA sattA ke sambandha meM kartA nahIM hai| isa prakAra prakriyA se alaga koI sattA nahIM hai kintu hameM aparivartanazIlatA kI avadhAraNA samIcIna nahIM hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki bauddha darzana ke ina mantavyoM kA Azaya isake viparIta yadi sat ko kSaNika yA parivartanazIla mAnA ekAnta kSaNikavAda yA ucchedavAda nahIM hai| AlocakoM ne use ucchedavAda jAtA hai to bhI karmaphala yA naitika uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM samajhakara jo AlocanA prastuta kI hai, cAhe vaha ucchedavAda ke saMdarbha meM hotii| yadi pratyeka kSaNa svatantra hai to phira hama naitika uttaradAyitva kI saMgata ho kintu bauddha darzana ke sambandha meM nitAnta asaMgata hai| buddha sat vyAkhyA nahIM kara skte| yadi vyakti athavA vastu apane pUrva kSaNa kI ke parivartanazIla pakSa para bala dete haiM kintu isa AdhAra para unheM apekSA uttara kSaNa meM pUrNata: badala jAtI hai to phira hama kisI ko pUrva ucchedavAda kA samarthaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| buddha ke isa kathana kA ki meM kie gaye corI Adi kAryoM ke lie kaise uttaradAyI banA pAyeMge? "kriyA hai, kartA nahIM" kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki ve kartA yA saiddhAntika dRSTi se jaina dArzanikoM kA isa dhAraNA ke viparIta kriyAzIla tattva kA niSedha karate haiN| unake isa kathana kA tAtparya mAtra yaha kahanA hai ki utpatti ke binA nAza aura nAza ke binA utpatti itanA hI hai ki kriyA se bhinna kartA nahIM hai| sattA aura parivartana meM pUrNa saMbhava nahIM hai dUsare zabdoM meM pUrva-paryAya ke nAza ke binA uttara-paryAya tAdAtmya hai| sattA se bhinna parivartana aura parivartana se bhinna sattA kI kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai kintu utpatti aura nAza donoM kA Azraya koI sthiti nahIM hai| parivartana aura parivartanazIla anyonyAzrita haiM, dUsare vastutattva honA caahiye| ekAntanitya vastutattva/padArtha meM parivartana saMbhava zabdoM meM ve sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nhiiN| vastuta: bauddha darzana kA sat nahIM hai aura yadi padArthoM ko ekAnta kSaNika mAnA jAya to parivartita sambandhI yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana se utanA dUra nahIM hai jitanA mAnA kauna hotA hai, yaha nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| AcArya samantabhadra AptamImAMsA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM sattA ko anuccheda aura azAzvata kahA gayA hai meM isa dRSTikoNa kI samAlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki "ekAnta arthAt ve na use ekAnta anitya mAnate haiM aura na ekAnta nity| vaha kSaNikavAda meM pretyabhAva arthAt punarjanma asaMbhava hogA aura pretyabhAva na anitya hai aura na nitya hai jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne use nityAnitya ke abhAva meM puNya-pApa ke pratiphala aura baMdhana-mukti kI avadhAraNAyeM kahA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM kA yaha antara niSedhAtmaka athavA bhI saMbhava nahIM hogii| puna: ekAnta kSaNikavAda meM pratyabhijJA bhI saMbhava svIkArAtmaka bhASA-zailI kA antara hai| buddha aura mahAvIra ke kathana kA nahIM aura pratyabhijJA ke abhAva meM kAryArambha hI nahIM hogA phira phala mUla utsa eka-dUsare se utanA bhinna nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama use mAna kahA~ se?6 isa prakAra isameM baMdhana-mukti, punarjanma kA koI sthAna nahIM lete haiN| bhagavAn buddha kA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM yathArtha mantavya hai| "yuktyAnuzAna" meM kahA gayA hai ki kSaNikavAda saMvRtti satya ke kyA thA, isakI vistRta carcA hamane "jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra rUpa meM bhI bandhana-mukti Adi kI sthApanA nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" bhAga-1 (pR0 192-194) meM kI usakI dRSTi meM paramArtha yA sat ni:svabhAva hai| yadi paramArtha niHsvabhAva hai, icchuka pAThaka use vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha hai to phira vyavahAra kA vidhAna kaise hogA?7 AcArya hemacandra ne meM prastuta vivecanA kA mUla uddezya mAtra itanA hai ki sat ko avyaya 'anyayogavyavacchedikA' meM kSaNikavAda para pA~ca AkSepa lagAye haiM- 1. hai| isI prakAra sat ke sambandha meM ekAnta abhedavAda aura ekAnta kRta-praNAza, 2. akRta-bhoga, 3. bhava-bhaMga, 4. pramokSa-bhaMga aura 5. bhedavAda bhI unheM mAnya nahIM rahe haiN| smRti-bhaMgA8 yadi koI nitya sattA hI nahIM hai aura pratyeka sattA jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra sattA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka yA kSaNajIvI hai to phira vyakti dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kA phalabhoga kaise bhedAbhedAtmaka hai| vaha eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| ve bheda meM abheda aura sambhava hogA, kyoMki phalabhoga ke lie kartRtvakAla aura bhoktRtva abheda meM bheda ko svIkAra karate haiN| dUsare zabdoM ve anekatA meM ekatA kAla meM usI vyakti kA honA Avazyaka hai anyathA kArya kauna karegA kA aura ekatA meM anekatA kA darzana karatA hai| mAnavatA kI apekSA aura phala kauna bhogegA? vastutaH ekAnta kSaNikavAda meM adhyayana koI manuSyajAti eka hai, kintu deza-bheda, varNabheda, varga-bheda yA vyakti bheda aura karegA, parIkSA koI aura degA, usakA pramANa-patra kisI aura ko kI apekSA vaha aneka hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra ekatA meM anekatA milegA, usa pramANa-patra ke AdhAra para naukarI koI anya vyakti prApta aura anekatA meM ekatA anusyUta hai|

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jainadarzana meM sat kA svarUpa 101 sat ke sambandha meM ekAnta parivartanazIlatA kA yA bhedavAdI utpatti aura vinAza donoM ke lie kisI aise AdhArabhUta tattva kI dRSTikoNa aura ekAnta aparivartanazIlatA kA yA abhedavAdI (advaitavAdI) AvazyakatA hotI hai jisameM utpatti ke lie vinAza kI ye prakriyAyeM dRSTikoNa ina donoM meM se kisI eka ko apanAne para na to vyavahAra ghaTita hotI hoN| yadi hama dhrauvya pakSa ko asvIkAra kareMge to utpatti jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava hai na dharma aura naitikatA kA koI sthAna hai| aura vinAza paraspara asambandhita ho jaayeNge| aura sattA aneka evaM yahI kAraNa thA ki AcAramArgIya paramparA ke pratinidhi bhagavAn mahAvIra asambandhita kSaNajIvI tattvoM meM vibhakta ho jAyegI ina paraspara asambandhita evaM bhagavAn buddha ne unakA parityAga Avazyaka smjhaa| mahAvIra kI kSaNika sattAoM kI avadhAraNA se vyaktitva kI ekAtmakatA kA hI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unhoMne na kevala ekAnta zAzvatavAda kA aura viccheda ho jAyegA, jisake abhAva meM naitika uttaradAyitva aura ekAnta ucchedavAda kA parityAga kiyA apitu apanI anekAntavAdI karmaphala-vyavasthA hI arthavihIna ho jaayegii| isI prakAra ekAnta aura samanvayavAdI paramparA ke anusAra una donoM vicAradhArAoM meM dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra karane para bhI isa jagat meM cala rahe utpatti aura sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyaa| paramparAgata dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vinAza ke krama ko samajhAyA nahIM jA skegaa| jaina darzana meM sat ke bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala "upannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA" isa aparivartanazIla pakSa ko dravya aura guNa tathA parivartanazIla pakSa ko tripadI kA upadeza diyA thaa| samasta jaina dArzanika vAGmaya kA paryAya kahA jAtA hai| vikAsa isI tripadI ke AdhAra para huA hai| paramArtha yA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kA uparyukta kathana hI jaina darzana kA 1. AcArAMga, 1/1/1/1 kendrIya tattva hai| 2. (a) RSibhASita, 31/9, (ba) bhagavatI, 9/33/233 isa siddhAnta ke anusAra utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya ye tInoM 3. bhagavatI, 2/10/124-130 hI sat ke lakSaNa haiN| tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne sat ko paribhASita 4. ege AyA- sthAnAMga, 1/1 karate hue kahA hai ki sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai (tattvArtha, 5. uttarAdhyayana, 36/48-211 5/29) utpAda aura vyaya sat ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko batAte haiM to 6. Apta-mImAMsA- samantabhadra, 40-41 dhrauvya usake avinAzI pakSa ko| sat kA dhrauvya guNa usake utpatti evaM 7. yuktyAnuzAsana, 15-16 vinAza kA AdhAra hai, unake madhya yojaka kar3I hai| yaha satya hai ki 8. anyayogavyavacchedikA, syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA, sahita, kArikA vinAza ke lie utpatti aura utpatti aura vinAza Avazyaka hai kintu 18. jaina darzana meM dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA satra meM hai| usa ka hA gayA haiM isa dravya kI paribhASA vaizeSika darzana ke nikaTa hai| dravya kI dUsarI paribhASA 'guNAnAM samUho jaina paramparA meM sat aura dravya ko paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| davvo' ke rUpa meM bhI kI gayI hai| isa paribhASA kA samarthana tattvArthasUtra mAtra yahI nahIM, usameM sat ke sthAna para 'dravya' hI pramukha rahA hai| AgamoM kI 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka TIkA (5/2/pR0267/4) meM AcArya pUjyapAda meM sat ke sthAna para 'astikAya' aura 'dravya' ina do zabdoM kA hI ne kiyA hai| isameM dravya ko 'guNoM kA samudAya' kahA gayA hai, jahA~ prathama prayoga dekhA gayA hai| jo astikAya haiM, ve dravya hI hai| sarvaprathama dravya paribhASA dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI sambandha ke dvArA bheda kA kI paribhASA uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM hai| usameM 'guNAnAM Asavo davvo' saMketa karatI hai, vahA~ yaha dUsarI paribhASA guNa aura dravya meM abheda (28/6) kahakara guNoM ke Azraya sthala ko dravya kahA gayA haiM isa sthApita karatI hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha jJAta hotA paribhASA meM dravya kA sambandha guNoM se mAnA gayA hai, kintu isake pUrva hai ki jahA~ prathama paribhASA vaizeSika sUtrakAra maharSi kaNAda ke adhika gAthA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya sabhI ko nikaTa hai, vahA~ yaha dUsarI paribhASA bauddha paramparA ke dravya-lakSaNa ke jAnanevAlA jJAna hai (uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/5) usa meM yaha bhI mAnA adhika samIpa pratIta hotI hai| kyoMki dUsarI paribhASA ke anusAra guNoM gayA hai ki guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM aura paryAya guNa aura dravya se pRthak dravya kA koI astitva nahIM mAnA gyaa| isa dvitIya paribhASA donoM ke Azrita rahatI hai| isa paribhASA kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra meM guNoM ke samudAya yA skandha ko hI dravya kahA gayA hai| yaha paribhASA karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki isameM dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM Azraya- guNoM se pRthak dravya kI sattA na mAnakara guNoM ke samudAya ko hI dravya AzrayI sambandha mAnA gayA hai| yaha paribhASA bhedavAdI nyAya aura mAna letI hai| isa prakAra yadyapi ye donoM hI paribhASAyeM jaina cintana dhArA jahA~ prathama paribhA