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________________ TARNINDIAHINITITUDIST DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina ema0 e0, ela-ela0 bI0, pI-eca0 DI0, lakhanaU jaina kathAsAhitya ANSWEARNI vizva ke sampUrNa sAhitya ko leM, athavA kisI bhI deza, jAti yA bhASA ke sAhitya ko leM, unakA bahubhAga evaM sarvAdhika janapriya aMza kisI na kisI rUpa meM racita usakA kathAtmaka sAhitya hI pAyA jAtA hai. mAtra laukika sAhitya ke kSetra meM hI yaha sthiti nahIM hai varan tathAkathita dhArmika sAhitya ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta pAI jAtI hai. sAhitya ke sAtha jaina vizeSaNa kI upasthiti yaha sUcita karatI hai ki yahA~ jaina nAma se prasiddha dhArmika-paramparA vizeSa kA sAhitya abhipreta hai. yaha paramparA cirakAla se usa atyanta prAcIna evaM vizuddha bhAratIya sAMskRtika dhArA kA pratinidhitva karatI AI hai jo 'zramaNa' nAma se prasiddha rahI hai. isa nivRttipradhAna paramparA meM AtmasvAtantrya evaM zramapUrvaka Atmazodhana para atyadhika bala diyA gayA hai aura apanI inhIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa usane tathAkathita hindu dharma kI jananI bhoga evaM pravRttipradhAna brAhmaNa vaidika saMskRti se apanA pRthak astitva banAye rakkhA. kyoMki isa jaina zramaNaparamparA kA mUla uddezya vaiyaktika jIvana kA naitika evaM AdhyAtmika unnayana thA. usakI dRSTi kevala sAmUhika lokajIvana athavA kisI varga yA samAja vizeSa taka hI sImita nahIM rahI varan usane pratyeka jIvAtmA ko vyaktizaH sparza karane kA prayatna kiyA. yahI kAraNa hai ki isa paramparA dvArA prerita, sRjita, pracArita evaM saMrakSita sAhitya bhAratavarSa kI prAyaH samasta prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhASAoM meM pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hai. prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, kannaDa, tAmila, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, hindI Adi bhASAoM ke vikAsa evaM unake sAhityika bhaMDAra kI abhivRddhi meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai. vipula jaina sAhitya kevala tAttvika, dArzanika yA dhArmika kriyAkANDa se hI sambandhita nahIM hai, varan bhAratIya jJAnavijJAna kI prAyaH pratyeka zAkhA para racita adhikArapUrNa racanAeM usameM samAviSTa haiM. tattvajJAna, adhyAtma, lokaracanA, bhUgola, khagola, jyotiSa, mantrazAstra sAmudrika, zilpazAstra, nyAya, tarka, chanda, vyAkaraNa, kAvyazAstra, alaMkAra, koSa, Ayurveda, padArthavijJAna, pazupakSizAstra, vanaspatizAstra, itihAsa, rAjanIti Adi prAyaH pratyeka tatkAlapracalita viSaya para jaina vidvAnoM kI samartha lekhanI calI aura unhoMne bhAratI ke bhaMDAra ko bharA. kintu jainasAhitya kA lokadRSTi se sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa, rocaka evaM janapriya aMza usakA kathA-sAhitya hai jaina-kathAsAhitya atyanta vizAla, vyApaka, vibhinna bhASAmaya evaM vividha hai. lokakathAe~, dantakathAeM, naitika AkhyAyikAeM, premAkhyAna, sAhasika kahAniyA~, pazu pakSiyoM kI kahAniyA~, amAnavI-devI devatAoM sambandhI kahAniyA~, upanyAsa, nATaka, kAvya, campU, dUhA, DhAla, rAse, vyaGga, rUpaka, pratIkAtmaka AkhyAna, ityAdi samaya-samaya evaM pradeza-pradeza athavA bhASA-bhASA meM pracalita vividha zailiyoM evaM rUpoM meM jaina kathAsAhitya upalabdha hai. svatantra kathAeM bhI haiM aura aneka kathAoM kI paraspara sambaddha zRMkhalAeM bhI haiM. kucha choTI-choTI kahAniyA~ haiM to kucha paryApta bar3I. jaina kathAoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve vizuddha bhAratIya haiM aura aneka bAra zuddha dezaja haiM. isake atirikta paryApta saMkhyA meM ve pUrNatayA maulika haiM. kabhI-kabhI mahAbhArata Adi jainetara granthoM se bhI kathAsrota grahaNa kiye gaye haiM. (yathA nala-damayantI kI kathA) maukhika dvAra se pracalita lokakathAoM ko bhI aneka bAra AdhAra banAyA gayA hai kintu Jain Edt
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________________ 866 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya unheM apane (jaina) rUpa meM DhAla kara hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai. jainakathAkAra bahuta kucha svataMtra evaM unmukta hotA hai. bauddhakathAkAra kI bhAMti usapara koI pratibaMdha nahIM hotA. prAyaH pratyeka bauddhakathA kisI na kisI bodhisattva ko kendrabindu mAnakara calatI hai. kintu koI bhI kathAnaka ho, koI aura kaise bhI pAtra hoM athavA kaisA bhI ghaTanAkrama yA sthiticitraNa ho, jaina kathAkAra maje se apanI kahAnI eka rocaka evaM vastuparaka DhaMga se kahatA calatA hai, kevala kahAnI ke anta meM prasaMgavaza kucha dArzanikatA kA pradarzana, athavA puNya ke suphala aura pApa ke kuphala kI ora saMketa kara diyA jAtA hai athavA koI naitika niSkarSa nikAla liyA jAtA hai yA yaha sUcita kara diyA jAtA hai ki prastuta kathA amuka dhArmika mAnyatA yA siddhAnta kA eka dRSTAnta hai. apanI isa unmukta svatantratA ke kAraNa jIvana kI prAya: pratyeka bhautika, mAnasika, bauddhika yA bhAvanAtmaka paristhiti ko jainakathAkAra apanI kathA meM AtmasAta kara letA hai aura phalasvarUpa aneka jainakathAeM janajIvana ke prAyaH pratyeka aMga ko sparza kara letI haiM. ataH AbAlavRddha, strIpuruSa, janasAdhAraNa ke svastha manoraMjana kA sAdhana bana jAtI haiM aura lokapriya ho jAtI haiM. manoraMjana ke misa kisI tAttvika, dArzanika, saiddhAntika yA naitika tathya kI chApa zrotA ke mastiSka para DAlane ke apane uddezya meM usake bahudhA saphala ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai. TAne, harTala, bhalara, lyUmena tessitori, jaikobI Adi aneka yUropIya prAcyavidoM ne jaina kathAsAhitya ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa gaveSaNAe~ kI haiM. pUrvamadhyakAla meM hI aneka jainakathAe~ bhArata ke pazcimI taTa se araba pahu~cIM, vahA~ se IrAna aura IrAna se yUropa pahu~cI. aneka jainakathAoM ko tibbata, hindaeziyA, rUsa, yUnAna, sisalI aura iTalI ke tathA yahUdiyoM ke sAhitya meM cInha liyA gayA evaM khoja nikAlA gayA hai. jainakathAsAhitya ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha sAhitya akhila bhAratIya saMskRti se ghaniSkRtayA sambandhita hai aura isI kAraNa vibhinna kAloM evaM pradezoM ke janajIvana kA jaisA pratibimba ina jaina kathAoM meM milatA hai vaisA anyatra durlabha hai. parANoM, paurANika caritroM, khaMDakAvyoM, mahAkAvyoM, nATakoM Adi ko na gineM to bhI saikar3oM svatantra kathAe~ haiM aura saikar3oM hI choTI-bar3I kathAoM ke saMgraha haiM. kevala vikramaviSayaka 60 kathAe~ milatI haiM aura kevala mainA-sundarI evaM zrIpAla ke kathAnaka ko lekara 50 se adhika pustakeM likhI jA cukI haiM. aneka kathAsaMgrahoM meM 100 se 200 taka kathAe~ saMgrahIta haiM, kisI kisI meM 360 haiM jisase ki vaktA pratidina eka ke hisAba se pUre varSabhara zrotAoM kA nitya navIna kathA se manoraMjana karatA rahe. jaina kathA sAhitya ke pradhAna mUlasrota painnAo ko tathA zivArya kI 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' ko mAnA jAtA hai. guNADhya kI prasiddha bRhatkathA kA AdhAra kANAbhUti dvArA bhUtabhASA meM racita jisa grantha ko mAnA jAtA hai vaha jaina vidvAna kANAbhikSu kA hI prAkRta kathAgrantha rahA pratIta hotA hai. zve0 AgamasUtra evaM diga0 paurANika sAhitya bhI aneka jaina kathAoM ke udgama srota rahe haiM. prasiddha evaM mahattvapUrNa jainakathA granthoM meM hariSeNa kA bRhatkathAkoSa, prabhAcandra, zrIcandra, nemidatta, Adi ke ArAdhanAkathAkoSa, jinezvara sUri evaM bhadrezvarasUri kI kathAvaliyA~, rAmacandra kA puNyAsravakathAkoSa ityAdi ullekhanIya haiM. svatantra kathAoM meM taraMgavatI kahA, samarAiccakahA, dhUrtAkhyAna, kuvalayamAlA, upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA, dharmaparIkSA, samyaktvakaumudI, tilakamaMjarI, dharmAmRta, zukasaptati, ratnacUDa kI kathA Adi vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM.