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________________ jainatarkazAstra meM hetu prayoga DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA bhUtapUrva rIDara, jaina-bauddhadarzana kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya pramANazAstra meM anumAna pramANakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| usase una padArthoM kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai jo indriyagamya nahIM hote / ataH indriyAgamya sUkSma, atIta-anAgata aura dUra padArtha anumeya haiM aura unakI vyavasthA anumAnase kI jAtI hai / jahA~ kisI sAdhanase kisI sAdhyakA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai use anumAna kahA gayA hai / ise aura bhI sarala zabdoM meM kahA jAya to yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jJAtase ajJAtakA jJAna karanA anumAna hai / udAharaNArtha nadIkI bAr3ha ko dekhakara adhika varSAkA jJAna, sU~r3ako dekhakara pAnI meM DUbe hAthIkA jJAna, dhuA~ko avagata kara agnikA jJAna anumAna hai| ise cArvAkadarzanako chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMne mAnA hai / anumAnake kitane aGga (avayava) haiM, isa viSaya meM bhAratIya darzana ekamata nahIM haiM / yo kamase kama eka aura adhika se adhika daza avayavoMkI mAnyatAe~ darzanazAstra meM milatI haiM / eka avayava bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti aura daza avayava sAMkhyavidvAn yuktidIpikAkArane 4 svIkAra kiye haiM / jaina paramparAmeM bhI daza avayava AcArya bhadrabAhune mAne haiM / yataH hetuko sabhI dArzanikoMne aGgIkAra kiyA hai aura use pradhAna aGga batalAyA hai / ataH yahA~ isa hetukA hI vizeSa vicAra kiyA jAvegA / anumeyako siddha karaneke lie sAdhana (liGga) ke rUpameM jisa vAkyakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha hetu kahalAtA hai / sAdhana aura hetumeM yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA antara nahIM hai aura isalie unheM eka-dUsarekA paryAya mAna liyA jAtA hai / para dhyAna denepara unameM antara pAyA jAtA hai / vaha antara hai vAcya vAcakakA / sAdhana vAcya hai, kyoMki vaha koI vastu hotA hai / aura hetu vAcaka hai, yataH usake dvArA vaha kahA jAtA hai / ataeva 'sAdhanavacanaM hetuH' aisA kahA gayA hai / akSapAdane hetukA lakSaNa batalAte hue likhA hai ki udAharaNa ke sAdharmya tathA vaidharmya se sAdhya (anumeya ) siddha karanA hetu hai / unake isa hetulakSaNase hetukA prayoga do tarahakA siddha hotA hai / eka sAdharmya aura 1. AptamI0 kA0 5 / 2. sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam / - nyAyavi0 dvi0 bhA0 2 1 10 mu0 3|14| 3. hetubindu, pR0 55 / 4. yuktidI0 kA0 1 kI bhUmikA, pR0 3 tathA kA0 6, pR0 47-51 / 5. dazave0 ni0 gA0 49, 50 / 6. 'paramANavaH santi skandhAnyathAnupapatte:' isa anumAna - prayoga meM anumeya 'paramANuoM' ko siddha karane ke lie prayukta sAdhana 'skandha anyathA nahIM ho sakate' hetu hai / 7. nyAya sU0 1 / 1 / 34, 35 / vividha : 259
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________________ dUsarA vaidhayaM / sAdharmyakA artha anvaya hai aura vaidhayaMkA vyatireka / sAdharmya aura vaidharmya anumeyasiddhimeM hetuke nirdoSatvako puSTakara use sAdhaka banAte haiN| vyAkhyAkAra vAtsyAyana' aura udyotakarane ina donoM prayogoMkA samarthana kiyA hai / ina tAkikoMke matAnusAra hetuko sAdhya (pakSa) meM to rahanA hI cAhie, sAdharmya udAharaNa (sapakSa) meM sAdhyake sAtha vidyamAna aura vaidharmya udAharaNa (vipakSa) meM sAdhyAbhAvake sAtha avidyamAna bhI honA cAhie / phalataH hetuko trirUpa honA Avazyaka hai| kAzyapa (kaNAda) aura unake vyAkhyAtA prazastapAdakA bhI mata hai ki jo anumeya (sAdhya) ke sAtha sambaddha hai, anumeyane anvita (sAdharmya udAharaNa-sapakSa) meM prasiddha hai aura usake abhAva (vaidharmya udAharaNa-vipakSa) meM nahIM rahatA vaha hetu hai / aisA trirUpa hetu anumeyakA anumApaka hotA hai / isase viparIta ahetu (hetvAbhAsa) hai aura vaha anumeyako nahIM sAdhatA / baudha tAkika nyAya pravezakAra bhI trirUpa hetuke prayogako hI anumeyakA sAdhaka batalAte haiN| dharmakIti,6 dharmottara Adine unakA samarthana kiyA hai| sAMkhya vidvAn mATharane bhI trirUpa hetupara bala diyA hai| isa prakAra naiyAyika, vaizeSika, bauddha aura sAMkhya tAkika hetuko trirUpa mAnate haiN| tarka-granthoMmeM trirUpa hetuke atirikta dvirUpa, catuHrUpa, paJcarUpa, SaDrUpa aura saptarUpa hetukI bhI mAnyatAe~ milatI haiN| dvirUpa, catu:rUpa aura paJcarUpa hetukA ullekha udyotakara, vAcaspati aura jayanta bhaTTane" kiyA aura unakA sampoSaNa kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ukta trirUpa hetukI mAnyatAke alAvA ye mAnyatAeM bhI naiyAyikoMke yahA~ rahI haiM / SaDurUpa hetukA dharmakIrtine 12 aura saptarUpakA vAdirAjane'3 sUcana kiyA hai| para ve unakI mAnyatAe~ nahIM haiN| unhoMne unakA kevala samAlocanArtha ullekha kiyA hai| phira bhI itanA to tathya hai ki ye bhI kinhIM tAkikoMkI mAnyatAeM rahI hoNgii| jaina tArkikoMkA hetu-prayoga jaina tArkikoMne kevala eka avinAbhAvarUpa hetuko svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki hetuko sAdhyAvinAbhAvI honA cAhie-use, jise siddha karanA hai usake abhAvameM nahIM honA cAhie, usake 1. nyAyabhA0 111134, 35 / 2. nyAyavA0 1 / 1134, 35, pR0 118-134 / 3. 4. praza0 bhA0, pR0 100 / 5. nyAya pra0, pR0 1 / 6. nyAya bi0, pR0 22, 23; hetu bi0, pR0 52 / 7. nyAya bi0 TI0, pR0 22, 23 / 8. sAMkhyakA0 mATharavR0 kA0 5 / 9. nyAyavA0 111 / 34; pR0 119 / vahI 11115, pR0 46 tathA 49 / 10. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115; pu0 174 / 11. nyAyakalikA pR0 14 / 12. hetubindu pR0 68 / 13. nyAya vi0 vi0 2 / 145, pR0 178-180 / 260 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ sadbhAvameM hI honA cAhie / avinAbhAvIkA artha hai - anumeyake binA na honA, anumeyake honepara hI honA anyathAnupapannatva aura anyathAnupapatti usIke paryAya haiM / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki Upara jo hetuko dvirUpa, trirUpa, catuH rUpa, paJcarUpa, SaDrUpa aura saptarUpa vibhinna dArzanikoMne batalAyA hai use svIkAra na kara jaina vicAraka hetuko mAtra ekarUpa mAnate haiN| vaha eka rUpa hai avinAbhAva, jise anyathAnupannatva aura anyathAnupapatti bhI kahA jAtA hai / samantabhadrane ' AptamImAMsA meM hetukA lakSaNa dete hue usameM eka khAsa vizeSaNa diyA hai / vaha vizeSaNa hai 'avirodha' / isa vizeSaNa dvArA unhoMne batalAyA hai ki hetu trirUpa yA dvirUpa Adi ho, usameM hameM Apatti nahIM hai, kintu use sAdhyakA avirodhI arthAt avinAbhAvI honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / akalaGkadevane unakA Azaya udghATita karate hue likhA hai ki 'sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdharmyAt' isa vAkyake dvArA samantabhadrasvAmIne hetuko trirUpa sUcita kiyA aura 'avirodhata:' padase anyathAnupapattiko dikhalAkara kevala trirUpako ahetu batalAyA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa 'tatputratva' Adi asad hetuoMmeM trirUpatA to hai, para anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai aura isalie ve anumApaka nahIM haiM / kintu jo trirUpatA se rahita haiM tathA anyathAnupapattise sampanna haiM ve hetu avazya anumApaka hote haiM / phalataH 'nityatve - kAntapakSe'pi vikriyA nopapadyate' [Apta mI0 kA0 37 ] ityAdi pratipAdanoM meM anyathAnupapattikA ho Azraya liyA gayA hai / vidyAnanda ne bhI samantabhadrake ukta 'avirodhata:' padako hetulakSaNa prakAzaka batalAyA hai / pAtrasvAmIkA koI tarkagrantha yadyapi upalabdha nahIM hotA, kintu anantavIryake ullekhAnusAra unhoMne 'trilakSaNakadarthana' nAmakA mahattvapUrNa grantha racA thA, jisameM trirUpa hetukA nirasana kiyA gayA hogA / tattvasaMgrahakAra zAntarakSitane" to unake nAmase unakI aneka kArikAoM ko apane tattvasaMgraha meM uddhRta bhI kiyA hai jo sambhavataH ukta 'trilakSaNakadarthana' kI hoMgI / zAntarakSitake vistRta uddharaNakA kucha upayogI aMza nimna prakAra hai anyathetyAdinA pAtrasvAmimatamAzaMkate -- anyathAnupapannatve nanu dRSTA suhetutA / nAsati tryaMzakasyApi tasmAtklIvAstrilakSaNAH // anyathAnupapannatvaM yasyAsI heturiSyate / ekalakSaNakaH so'rthazcaturlakSaNako na vA // nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // tenaikalakSaNo hetuH prAdhAnyAd gamako'stu naH / pakSadharmatvAdibhistvanyaiH kiM vyartheH parikalpitaiH // isa uddharaNameM tIsare sthAnapara sthita 'nAnyathAnupapannatvaM' kArikA jaina nyAya-granthoMmeM bhI pAtrasvAmIke nAmase uddhRta milatI hai / ataH tattvasaMgraha aura jaina granthoMmeM upalabdha yaha kArikA pAtrasvAmI - racita hai aura usameM trirUpa hetukA nirAsa tathA ekarUpa (anyathAnupapannatva) hetukA pratipAdana hai / 1. Apta mI0 106 / 2. 3. aSTasa0, pR0 289; AptamI0 kA0 106 / 4. siddhi vi0 6 / 2; pR0 371-372 | 5. tattva saM0 kA 0 1364, 1365, 1369, 1379, pR0 405-407 / aSTaza 0 aSTasa0, pR0 289; AptamI0 kA0 106 / vividha : 261
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________________ siddhasenane' bhI uparyukta kArikAkI zabdAvalImeM hI 'anyathAnupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam kahakara apanA hetu lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai / 'Iritam' kriyApada dvArA to ukta hetulakSaNakI unhoMne pUrva prasiddhi bhI sUcita kI hai| jaina nyAyako vikasita karane aura use sarvAGga pUrNa samRddha banAne vAle bhaTTa akalaGkadevane sUkSma aura vistRta vicAraNA dvArA ukta hetulakSaNako bahuta sampuSTa kiyA tathA nyAyavinizcayameM pAtrasvAmIkI ukta prasiddha kArikAko granthakI 323 vIM kArikAke rUpameM dekara use apane granthakA bhI aGga banA liyA hai| uttarakAlameM kumAranandi, vIrasena,4 vidyAnanda,5 mANikyanandi,6 prabhAcandra, anantavIyaM, vAdirAja,' devasUri,10 zAntisUri,1 hemacandra,12 dharmabhUSaNa,3 yazovijaya,14 cArukIrti15 prabhRti jaina tAkikoMne ukta hetulakSaNako hI apane tarka granthoM meM anusata karake usIkA samarthana kiyA aura rUpya, pAMcarUpya Adi hetulakSaNoMkI mImAMsA kI hai / 16 isa prakAra jaina cintakoMne sAdhyAvinAbhAvI-anyathAnupapanna hetuke prayogako hI anumeyakA sAdhaka mAnA hai| trirUpa, paMcarUpa Adi nhiiN| usake svIkArameM avyApakatva, ativyApakatva Adi doSa Apanna hote haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki yaha hetu prayoga do tarahase kiyA jAtA hai17-(1) tathopapatti rUpase aura (2) anya 1. nyAyA va0 kA0 21 / 2. nyAya vi0 kA0 2 / 154, 155 / 3. pramANa pa0 pR0 72 meM uddhRta / 4. SaTkha0 dhavalA 5 / 5 / 5, pR0 280 tathA 5 / 5 / 43, pR0 245 / 5. prmaannp072| ta0 zlo0 1 / 13 / 193, pR0 205 / 6. parI0 mu0 3 / 15 / 7. prameyaka0 mA0 3 / 15, pR0 354 / 8. prameyara0 mA0 3 / 11 / 9. nyA0 vi0 vi0 2 / 1, pR0 2 / pra0ni0, 5042 / 10. pramA0 na0 ta0 3.11 pR0 517 / 11. nyAyAva0 vA. 3143, pR0 102 / 12. pramANamI0 211 / 12 / 13. nyAya0 dI0, pR0 76 / 14. jaina tarka bhA0, pR0 12 / 15. prameya ratnAlaM0 3115, pR0 103 / 16. vizeSake lie dekhie, lekhakakA 'jaina tarka zAstra meM anumAna vicAra : aitihAsika evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' zodha prabandha, prakAzaka, vIra sevAmandira-TrasTa, DumarA~va kAlonI, assI, vArANasI-5 (u0 pra0); 1969 / 17. vyutpannaprayogastu tathopapattyA'nyathAnupapattyaiva vaa| agnimAnayaM dezastathaiva dhUmavattvopapatte--bhavattvAnyathA nupapattervA / -parIkSAmukha 395 / hetaprayogastathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhyAM dviprakAraH iti / -pramANanayatattvA0 3 / 29 / nyAyAva0 kA0 17 / pra0 mI0 21114 / 262 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ thAnupapatti rUpase / tathopapattikA' artha hai sAdhyake honepara hI sAdhanakA honA; jaise agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai| aura anyathAnupapattikA Azaya hai sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA na honA; yathA agnike abhAvameM dhUma nahIM hI hotaa| yadyapi hetuke ye donoM prayoga sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatirekake tulya haiN| kintu unameM antara hai| sAdharmya aura vaidhayaM athavA anvaya aura vyatirekake sAtha niyama (evakAra) nahIM rahatA, ataH ve aniyata bhI ho sakate haiN| para tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattike sAtha niyama (evakAra) honese unameM aniyamakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai-donoM niyatarUpa hote haiN| dUsare ye donoM jJAnAtmaka hai, jaba ki sAdharmya aura vaidharmya athavA anvaya aura vyatireka jJeyadharmAtmaka hai| ataH jaina manISiyoMne unheM svIkAra na kara tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapattiko svIkAra kiyA tathA inameMse kisI ekakA hI prayoga paryApta mAnA hai , donoMkA nhiiN| 1. pra0 na0 ta0 3 / 30 / ta0 zlo0 1 / 13 / 175 / 2. vahI, 3 / 31 / 3. vahI, 3333 / nyAyAva0 kA0 17 / pra0 mI0 2 / 1 / 5,6 / vividha : 263