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________________ jaina evaM kANTIya darzanoM kI samanvayavAdI zailI DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA jaina darzana bhAratIya darzana kI pramukha dhArAoM meM se eka hai / usI taraha kANTa kA cintana pAzcAtya darzana meM mUrdhanya hai / jaina darzana prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai jabaki kANTa kA darzana arvA - ciin| phira bhI donoM kI paddhatiyA~ (Methodologies) eka jaisI hI haiN| hA~ ! itanA antara avazya hai ki jaina darzana ne apanA samanvayavAda tattvamImAMsA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai, jabaki kANTa ne jJAnamImAMsA ke mAdhyama se samanvayavAda kI pratiSThA kI hai / jaina darzana darzana meM sat (Reality) ke sambandha meM eka bahuta bar3I samasyA yaha hai ki vaha kyA hai ? vaha sAmAnya hai athavA vizeSa, nitya hai athavA anitya / isa samasyA ke samAdhAna svarUpa vibhinna prakAra ke siddhAnta milate haiM, jaise- bauddha darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki sat vizeSa hai aura anitya hai, advaita vedAnta mAnatA hai ki sat sAmAnya hai aura nitya hai / jaina darzana ina donoM ko ekAMgI batAte hue yaha mAnatA hai ki sat yA dravya yA padArtha sAmAnya bhI hai aura vizeSa bhI, nitya hai aura anitya bhI / aisA karake vaha donoM virodhI matoM ke bIca samanvaya sthApita karatA hai / kintu ye mata-matAntara apane-apane pratipAdakoM dvArA jina-jina prakriyAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kie gaye haiM, unheM hama nimna prakAra se jAna sakate haiM- bauddha darzana kSaNikavAda bauddhadarzana kA prasiddha evaM maulika siddhAnta hai / isake AdhAra para hI isake anAtmavAda Adi siddhAnta vikasita hue haiM / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra kSaNikatA yA parivartanazIlatA yA pravAha hI satya hai / yadi parivartanazIlatA satya hai to isakA matalaba hai ki vizeSa satya hai / kyoMki vizeSa vahIM hotA hai jahA~ parivartanazIlatA hotI hai aura vahIM para anityatA bhI hotI hai / isa taraha bauddha darzana apane ko vizeSa aura anityatA kA pakSadhara mAnatA hai aura sAmAnya ko sat ke rUpa meM mAnane vAloM kA virodha karatA hai / bauddha darzana ke anusAra sAmAnya kA to bodha hI nahIM ho sakatA / yadi kisI ke eka hAtha meM pA~ca aMguliyA~ hai aura unameM vaha eka sAmAnya aMgulI ko bhI dekhanA cAhatA hai to yaha kArya vaisA hI hogA jaisA ki apane sira para sIMga ko dekhanA arthAt sAmAnya kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA hai / sAmAnya kI sattA kA khaMDana karane ke lie bauddha darzana nimna tarka bhI prastuta karatA hai (ka) sAmAnya kI utpatti to vizeSoM se hI hotI hai / ataH sAmAnya ko vizeSa se alaga nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai /
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________________ 118 DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA (kha) sAmAnya ko eka mAnA jA sakatA hai athavA aneka ? yadi sAmAnya eka hai to vaha yA to vyApaka hai yA vyApaka nahIM hai ? (i) sAmAnya yadi vyApaka hai to use do vastuoM ke bIca rahanA cAhie lekina vaha to do meM hotA hai, do ke bIca nahIM hotaa| (ii) yadi vaha eka hai aura vyApaka hai taba to use ghaTa-ghaTa meM vyApta rahanA caahie| (iii) yadi vaha vyApaka nahIM hai, taba use vizeSa kahA jA sakatA hai, sAmAnya nahIM / (ga) kisI bhI vastu ko artha kriyAkAritva se jAnA jAtA hai| dUdha duhane kA kArya gotva se nahIM hotA, balki kisI vizeSa gAya se hotA hai| (gha) sAmAnya ko yadi eka na mAnakara aneka mAnA jAtA hai taba to vaha vizeSa hI mAnA jAegA, sAmAnya nahIM / ataH vizeSa kI hI sattA hai sAmAnya kI nhiiN| advaita vedAnta isa darzana meM sirpha brahma ko hI satya mAnA gayA hai| brahma ke atirikta jo bhI haiM ve mAyA haiM, bhrama haiM / brahma eka hotA hai| vaha nitya tathA aparivartanazIla hotA hai| ye sabhI sAmAnya ke lakSaNa haiN| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki advaitavedAnta sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai aura sAmAnya ke atirikta jo bhI hai unakI sattA meM vaha vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| itanA hI nahIM balki sAmAnya kI sattA ko pramANita tathA vizeSa kI sattA ko asiddha karane ke lie vibhinna tarka bhI prastuta karatA hai (ka) padArtha yA dravya kA dravyatva eka hotA hai, jise chor3akara kisI dravya ko jAnA nahIM jA sktaa| (kha) kisI vizeSa vastu kA vizeSatva hI usakA svabhAva hotA hai| ataH vizeSatva yAnI sAmAnya ke binA usa vizeSa vastu kA bodha nahIM hotaa| (ga) anuvRtti yA vyAvRtti kramazaH sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI sUcaka haiN| anuvRtti se ekatA tathA abheda kA bodha hotA hai jabaki vyAvRtti se anekatA tathA bheda kI jAnakArI hotI hai| kintu kisI vastu ke bheda athavA niSedha ko pUrNataH jAnane ke lie usa vastu ke atirikta duniyA kI jitanI bhI cIjeM haiM, unheM jAnane kI jarUrata hotI hai| kisI sarvajJa ke lie hI yaha saMbhava hai ki vaha duniyA kI sArI cIjoM ko jAne / ataH sarvajJatA ke abhAva meM vyAvRtti yA niSedha kI siddhi na to tarka se ho sakatI hai aura na kisI anubhava se hii| tAtparya yaha hai ki vizeSa kI sattA pramANita nahIM ho sakatI hai| (gha) vyAvRtti ko sat mAnA jAe yA asat ? yadi yaha asat hai taba to Age koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| yadi yaha sat hai to prazna banatA hai ki yaha eka hai yA aneka / yadi vyAvRtti sat hai to kyA sabhI vizeSa niSedhoM meM eka hI vyAvRtti hai ? yadi vyAvRtti aneka hai, alagaalaga haiM, to isase aisA samajhA jA sakatA hai ki eka vyAvRtti meM dUsarI, dUsarI meM tIsarI aura tIsarI meM cauthI vyAvRtti hai, to isa taraha anavasthA doSa A jAtA hai|
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________________ jaina evaM kANTIya darzanoM kI samanvayavAdI paddhatiyA~ 119 ina tarkoM ke AdhAra para advaita vedAnta sAmAnya ko pratiSThita karatA hai aura vizeSa kI sattA ko khaNDita karatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ye darzana mAnate haiM ki sAmAnya satya hai aura vizeSa bhii| kintu donoM hI alaga-alaga hote haiM, nirapekSa hote haiN| donoM meM svabhAvataH koI sambandha nahIM hotaa| yadi ye sambandhita hote haiM to samavAya ke kAraNa, jo ki eka nitya sambandha hotA hai| jainadarzana kA samanvayavAda yaha darzana uparokta sabhI darzanoM ke matabheda ko miTAne kA prayAsa karatA hai / pahale to yaha ina vicAroM ko ekAMgI ghoSita karatA hai| phira naya kI dRSTi se inheM vibhinna nayoM kA samarthaka mAnatA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra jo loga sAmAnya ko hI sat mAnate haiM, ve saMgrahanaya kA samarthana karate haiN| jo mata vizeSa ko mahattva dete haiM, ve paryAyArthika naya ke pakSadhara hote haiM tathA sAmAnya-vizeSa donoM kI hI sattAoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, ve naigama naya ko pradhAnatA dete haiN| isa taraha inake mata ekapakSIya haiN| daraasala sAmAnya-vizeSa donoM hI satya hote haiM parantu alaga-alaga nahIM hote / donoM nirapekSa nahIM balki sApekSa hote haiN| jaina darzana apanI tattvamImAMsA meM yaha mAnatA hai ki vastu ke ananta dharma hote haiM (anantadharmakaM vstu)| una dharmoM meM se kucha to sthAyI hote haiM aura kucha arthaayii| sthAyI rahane vAle dharma ko guNa tathA asthAyI dharma ko paryAya kahate haiN| guNa kI dRSTi se vastu sAmAnya hotI hai tathA paryAya kI dRSTi se vizeSa / ataH sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM dravya meM sAtha hI rahate haiM aura eka dUsare ke sApekSa hote hai, nirapekSa nahIM hote| (ka) jaba koI vyakti manuSyatva' kahatA hai to usake sAmane manuSya ke sabhI lakSaNa A jAte haiM / sAtha hI use manuSya kA gAya, bhaiMsa, hAthI Adi se bhinnatA kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sAmAnya ke sAtha vizeSa kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai| (kha) yadi koI vyakti kahatA hai- 'rAma' to yahA~ para eka vizeSa vyakti kA bodha hotA hai kintu rAma kahane ke sAtha hI usameM jo manuSyatva hai usakA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai / arthAt vizeSa ke sAtha hI sAmAnya kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai| (ga) sAmAnya aura vizeSa bilkula bhinna nahIM hote| sAmAnya kA vizeSa ke sAtha jisa hada taka tAdAtmya hotA hai, usa hada taka donoM abhinna hote haiM aura jisa sImA taka donoM meM tAdAtmya nahIM hotA hai, usa sImA taka donoM bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI satya hote haiN| donoM eka sAtha hote haiN| donoM eka dUsare para nirbhara hote haiM, kyoMki sAmAnya ke binA vizeSa kA aura vizeSa ke binA sAmAnya kA bodha nahIM hotaa| jisa taraha koI vastu sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI rUpoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai usI taraha vaha nitya aura anitya bhI samajhI jA sakatI hai| guNa kI dRSTi se kisI vastu meM nityatA hotI hai aura paryAyoM kI dRSTi se anitytaa| isI AdhAra para kucha udAharaNa prastuta
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________________ 120 DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA karake jainadarzana ne nityAnityavAda ko aura spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| dIpaka aura AkAza ko kramazaH anitya aura nitya mAnA jAtA hai| cUMki dIpaka jalatA hai, bujhatA hai isalie use anitya mAnate haiM / AkAza sadA eka jaisA dikhAI par3atA hai isalie usako nitya kahate haiN| kintu isa sambandha meM jainAcArya mAnate haiM ki dIpaka mAtra anitya nahIM balki nitya bhI hai / usI taraha AkAza mAtra nitya hI nahIM balki anitya bhI hai| dIpaka jaba jalatA hai-prakAza ho jAtA hai aura jaba bujha jAtA hai to andhakAra ho jAtA hai| isako aise bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakAza kA honA dIpaka kA jala jAnA hai aura andhakAra kA ho jAnA dIpaka kA bujha jaanaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra prakAza aura andhakAra agni yA tejatatva ke do paryAya haiM jo eka ke bAda dUsare Ate rahate haiM / agni kA agnitva yA tejatva hamezA sthira rahatA hai sirpha paryAya badalate rahate haiN| isa taraha guNa kI dRSTi se dIpaka nitya hai aura paryAyoM kI dRSTi se anitya / AkAza kA dharma hai Azraya denA / vaha hamezA hI saba kisI ko Azraya detA hai / Azraya denA AkAza kA hai| kintu vaha kisI khAsa vyakti yA vastu ko jo Azraya detA hai, jaba vyakti sthAna parivartana karatA hai to vaha Azraya banatA hai, naSTa hotA hai, vizeSa vyakti yA vastu ko Azraya denA AkAza kA paryAya hai| ataH yaha bhI pramANita hotA hai ki AkAza apane guNa kI dRSTi se nitya tathA paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hai| kANTa darzana / Adhunika pAzcAtya darzana kI do prasiddha dhArAyeM haiM- buddhivAda tathA anubhavavAda / Adhunika cintakoM ke sAmane yaha samasyA thI ki kisa prakAra darzana ko madhyayugIna dhArmika dAsatA se mukta kiyA jaae| isI ke samAdhAna svarUpa ina donoM dArzanika zAkhAoM kA prArambha huaa| yuga aura samasyA meM samatA hote hue bhI buddhivAda tathA anubhavavAda meM bhISaNa viSamatAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM, jinake bIca sAmaMjasyatA sthApita karane kA saphala prayAsa Adhunika yuga ke hI jarmana dArzanika kANTa ne kiyA hai| buddhivAda - rene dekArta (Rene Descartes), jinheM Adhunika pAzcAtya darzana kA janaka mAnA jAtA hai, ne hI buddhivAda kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| ve prasiddha dArzanika hI nahIM balki gaNitajJa aura vaijJAnika bhI the| gaNitajJa hone ke kAraNa unheM gaNita kI nizcayAtmakatA meM pUrA vizvAsa thaa| ve aisA mAnate the-'gaNita kI nIMva sudRr3ha hai aura darzana kI nIMva bAla kI banI hai|" kintu aisA mAnakara ve cupa nahIM rahe, apitu darzana ko sudRr3hatA pradAna karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| dekArta ne yaha mAnA hai ki satya ke do rUpa hote haiM svataHsiddha tathA pramANa janya / jo satya svataHsiddha hotA hai use pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki vaha pramANoM ke dvArA pramANita nahIM hotA hai| vaha to svayaM pramANoM ko pramANita karatA hai| pramANa kisI kI sattA ko pramANita karate haiM yA apramANita / pramANa kA yaha kArya savikalpa buddhi ke dvArA hotA 1. pAzcAtya darzana, DaoN0 candradhara zarmA, pR0 82
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________________ jaina evaM kASTIya darzanoM kI samanvayavAdI paddhatiyA~ 121 hai aura savikalpaka buddhi kA AdhAra vaha jJAna hotA hai jo svataH siddha hotA hai / yadi svataH siddha jJAna na ho to, eka ke bAda dUsare, tIsare, cauthe pramANa Ate raheMge / isake phalasvarUpa anavasthA doSa A jAyegA / isalie buddhi ke maulika niyamoM ko svataH siddha nirvikalpaka aura atIndriya mAnA jAtA hai / pramANa janita jJAna kA sAdhana savikalpaka buddhi hotI hai / nirvikalpaka yA svataH siddha satya ke lie koI praNAlI nahIM nizcita kI gaI hai kintu savikalpaka satya ke lie nigamana paddhati ko apanAyA gayA hai / isa paddhati meM pUrva pramANita jJAna ke AdhAra para vizleSaNa karake kisI nae jJAna kI prApti hotI hai / isa taraha dekArta ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jJAna usa pratyaya ke AdhAra para hotA hai jo sahaja, svAbhAvika, sArvabhauma, atIndriya yA anubhava nirapekSa ( Apriori ) tathA svataH siddha hotA hai / sAtha hI unhoMne jisa praNAlI ko apanAyA hai, vaha nigamanAtmaka ( Deductive ) tathA vizleSaNAtmaka ( Analytic ) hai / inhIM mAnyatAoM ko beneDikTsa spinojA ( Benedictus Spinoza ), lAibaniz2a ( Gottfried W. Leibnitz ) Adi buddhivAdI dArzanikoM ke cintana meM prazraya milA hai / 1 anubhavavAda anubhavavAda ke pratiSThApakoM meM pahalA nAma jaoNna laoNka ( John Lock ) kA AtA hai / unhoMne buddhivAda kI isa mAnyatA ko pUrNataH galata batAyA hai ki jJAna jisa sAdhana se prApta hotA hai vaha sahaja evaM atIndriya hai / na koI sahaja pratyaya hotA hai aura na svAbhAvika jJAna hI / jo bhI jJAna prApta hote haiM, ve indriyAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se hote haiM / apane isa siddhAnta ke pratipAdana ke lie unhoMne sahaja pratyaya kA vibhinna tarkoM ke AdhAra para khaMDana kiyA hai- (ka) yadi jJAna ke srota ko hama sahaja mAna lete haiM to aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna sambandhI sahI khoja karane se hama katarAte haiM / (kha) yadi jJAna sahaja hai to usakI pratIti pAgaloM, mUrkhoM tathA bAlakoM ko bhI honI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA / (ga) sabhI deza ke logoM ko eka hI jaisA jJAna honA cAhie parantu aisA bhI nahIM hotA / (gha) yadi buddhi janmajAta yA svAbhAvika hotI, to IzvaravAda, anIzvaravAda Adi dharma ke vibhinna siddhAnta nahIM hote, dharma sambandhI eka hI mAnyatA hotI / (Ga) nItizAstra meM bhI alaga-alaga siddhAntoM ke samarthana nahIM prApta hote / buddhi ke AdhAra para sabake vicAra eka jaise hote aura jaisA vicAra vaisA AcAra, arthAt sabhI vyaktiyoM ke AcaraNa eka jaise hote / kintu alaga-alaga logoM ke alaga-alaga AcAra dekhe jAte haiM / uparokta tarkoM ke AdhAra para laoNka ne yaha pramANita kara diyA ki sahaja pratyaya yA janmajAta buddhi nahIM hotI hai / taba yaha samasyA uThI ki Akhira jJAna hotA kaise hai ? isakA
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________________ DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA uttara dete hue laoNka ne kahA ki saMvedana ( Sensetion ) aura svasaMvedana ( Reflection ) se vijJAna ( Ideas ) banate haiM aura vijJAna se jJAna kI prApti hotI hai, arthAt hamArA jJAna indriyAnubhava para AdhArita hai| isa taraha buddhivAda ke virodha meM unhoMne yaha ghoSita kiyA ki jJAna kA AdhAra atIndriya anubhUti nahIM balki indriyAnubhUti hai / sabhI jJAna indriyAnubhavaprasUta ( Aposteriori ) hote haiM tathA unheM prApta karane kI praNAlI AgamanAtmaka ( Inductive) evaM saMzleSaNAtmaka ( Synthetic) hotI hai| inhIM mAnyatAoM ko jArja barkale (George Berkeley ) tathA DeviDa hya ma ( David Hume ) ne bhI aMgIkAra kiyaa| kANTa kA samanvayavAda apane pUrvagAmiyoM ko do khemoM meM ba~TA dekhakara imAnyuela kaoNNTa ( Immannual Kant) ke mana meM saMbhavataH darzana ke ucita vikAsa kI prakriyA meM bAdhA upasthita hone kI AzaMkA / phalataH unhoMne donoM virodhI dhArAoM ( buddhivAda tathA anubhavavAda ) kI AlocanA kI, unake doSoM para prakAza ddaalaa| tadoparAnta jJAna ke lie buddhi aura anubhava donoM kI hI anivAryatA ko siddha kiyaa| isa taraha unakA jo samanvayavAdI darzana pratiSThita huA use "AlocanAtmaka ( Critical ) atIndriya ( Transcendental ) vijJAnavAda ( Idealism )" ke nAma se jAnA gyaa|" isa nAma kA 'AlocanAtmaka' zabda kANTa ke samanvayavAda ke pUrva pakSa ko iMgita karatA hai jisameM unhoMne buddhivAda tathA anubhavavAda ke doSoM ko batAyA hai| 'atIndriya' zabda buddhivAda kA pratIka hai tathA 'vijJAnavAda' anubhavavAda kA dyotaka hai| inhIM do ke bIca kI sAmaMjasyatA kANTa kA samanvayavAda hai / baddhivAda tathA anubhavavAda kI AlocanA karate hae kANTa ne kahA hai ki ina donoM meM se kisI ne bhI jJAna kI utpatti, prAmANya tathA sImA ko sahI rUpa meM nahIM samajhA hai| laoNka ne yadi jJAna ke kSetra meM kAma kiyA bhI hai, to vaha sirpha manovaijJAnika hai| kANTa kI dRSTi meM buddhivAda meM nimnalikhita doSa hai(ka) yadyapi buddhivAda meM eka hI paddhati tathA eka hI AdhAra hai, kintu buddhivAdI dArzanika alaga-alaga pariNAmoM para pahu~cate haiN| (kha) darzana meM vastuvAdI mAnyatA hai, jabaki gaNita meM nahIM hai, to bhI buddhivAdI gaNita para AsthA rakhate haiN| (ga) rekhAgaNita jise buddhivAda ne pradhAnatA dI hai, anubhava kI apekSA rakhatA hai| (gha) buddhi ko jisakI spaSTa pratIti prApta ho, vaha satya hai| buddhivAda kA aisA kahanA bhI bahuta tarkapUrNa nahIM hai| buddhivAda ne pUrNataH anubhava kI upekSA kI tathA bauddhika kalpanAoM kA sahArA liyaa| isalie buddhivAda kA paryavasAna andhavizvAsa meM huA / 1. pAzcAtya darzana, pR0 159
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________________ jaina evaM kANTIya darzanoM kI samanvayavAdI paddhatiyA~ 123 . punaH kANTa ne anubhavavAda para AkSepa kiyA(ka) indriyAnubhava meM jo kucha prApta hote haiM ve saMvedana kSaNika hote haiM, sAtha hI avya vasthita bhI hote haiM / ataH unase koI nizcita jJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| balki unheM jJAna kI koTi meM lAnA bhI ucita nahIM lgtaa| (kha) indriyAnubhava yAnI saMvedanoM se to Izvara aura AtmA jaise atIndriya tattvoM kI jAnakArI karanA to dUra hai, unase bAhya jagat kI sattA bhI pramANita nahIM ho sakatI hai| (ga) na to indriyAnubhava se kArya kAraNa jaise sArvabhauma niyama bana sakate haiM aura na isase sandehavAda kI sthApanA hI ho sakatI hai| isa taraha anubhavavAda sirpha anubhava ko apanA AdhAra mAnakara AtmaghAtI bana gayA hai| buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda ko kANTa ne ekAMgI rUpoM meM pAyA, kintu una donoM kI kucha mAnyatAe~ unheM satya jAna pdd'ii| buddhivAda ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jJAna meM jo sArvabhaumatA, nizcitatA, asaMdigdhatA evaM anivAryatA hotI hai unheM buddhi ke mAdhyama se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, bilkula ThIka hai| anubhavavAda kI yaha dhAraNA ki koI jJAna yathArtha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba usakI sAmagrI saMvedanoM ke mAdhyama se prApta huI ho, sarvathA ucita hai / jaba kANTa ko yaha jJAta huA ki buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda pUrNa rUpa meM galata to nahIM hai balki AMzika rUpa meM sahI hai taba unhoMne donoM ke sahI aMzoM ko samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne yaha batAyA ki kisI bhI cIja kI utpatti ke lie ye do tattva anivArya hote haiM.-svarUpa (Form) tathA sAmagrI (Matter) / udAharaNa svarUpa hamAre sAmane jo kursI hai, jisameM caur3AI tathA U~cAI haiM-jinase usakA svarUpa jAnA jAtA hai aura kursI lakar3I athavA lohe kI banI hai yaha usakA dravya yA usakI sAmagrI hai| isI taraha jJAna meM bhI svarUpa hotA hai aura sAmagrI hotI hai / jJAna kI sAmagrI anubhava se prApta hotI hai tathA svarUpa buddhi se / saMvedana se jo kucha vyakti pAtA hai, mAtra ve hI jJAna nahIM hote, jabataka ki ve buddhi ke DhA~ce meM Dhala nahIM jaate| jJAna ke lie buddhi tathA anubhava donoM hI okSita hai / ataH kANTa ne apane samanvayavAda kI pratiSThA karate hue kahA -- "indriya saMvedanoM ke binA buddhi vikalpa paMgu yA zUnya hai aura buddhi vikalpoM ke binA indriya saMvedana aMdha hai / ___ isa prakAra jaina evaM kANTa donoM ne apane-apane deza evaM kAla ke anusAra vaicArika jagat ke matabhedoM ko miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / vaicArika sAmaMjasyatA ho jAne para vyAvahArika sadbhAva kA samAja meM vikAsa honA bahuta hadataka saMbhava hotA hai| isalie hama kaha sakate haiM ki samanvayavAda kA pratipAdana karake jainAcAryoM evaM kANTa ne samAja kA bahuta bar3A upakAra kiyaa| kintu pAzcAtya samAja ne kANTa ko jo zreya pradAna kiyA, vaha bhAratIya samAja ke dvArA jainAcAryoM ko nahIM milaa| kANTa ne buddhivAda aura anubhavavAda meM jo sAmaMjasyatA sthApita 1. pAzcAtya darzana, pR0 160
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________________ 124 DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA kI, use eka aisI krAnti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA jaisI krAnti bhUgola-khagola ke kSetre meM kaoNparanikasa ke dvArA lAI gayI thii|' kANTa ke kArya ko bahuta hI sarAhA gayA aura unheM darzana jagat meM eka atizreSTha sthAna diyA gyaa| kANTa se bahuta pahale jainAcAryoM ne apanI viziSTa cintana praNAlI se bhAratIya samAja ko vaicArika samanvaya evaM vyavahArika sadbhAva ke sUtroM meM bA~dhane kI prazaMsanIya koziza kI, lekina samAja se unheM AlocanA tathA avahelanA ke sivA kucha na milaa| darzana vibhAga kAzI vidyApITha vArANasI __ . 1. kaoNparanikasa se pUrva yaha mAnyatA thI--pRthvI sthira hai aura sUrya calatA hai kintu kaoNparanikasa ne yA pramANita kara diyA hai ki sUrya sthira rahatA hai pRthvI calatI hai|