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________________ jaina yoga : eka cintana devendra muni zAstrI bhAratIya saMskRti meM yoga kA atyadhika mahatva rahA hai / atIta kAla se hI bhArata ke mUrdhanya manISIgaNa yoga para ciMtana, manana aura vizleSaNa karate rahe haiM, kyoMki yoga se mAnava jIvana pUrNa vikasita hotA hai| mAnava jIvana meM zarIra aura AtmA ina donoM kI pradhAnatA hai / zarIra sthUla hai aura AtmA sUkSma hai| pauSTika aura pathyakArI padArthoM ke sevana se tathA ucita vyAyAma Adi se zarIra hRSTa-puSTa aura vikasita hotA hai; kintu AtmA kA vikAsa yoga se hotA hai| yoga se kAma, krodha, mada, moha Adi vikRtiyA~ naSTa hotI haiM, AtmA kI jo ananta zaktiyA~ AvRta haiM ve yoga se anAvRta hotI haiM aura AtmA kI jyoti jagamagAne lagatI hai| Atma-vikAsa ke lie yoga eka pramukha sAdhana hai| usakA sahI artha kyA hai, usakI kyA paramparA hai, usake sambandha meM cintaka kyA ciMtana karate haiM unakA kisa prakAra kA yogadAna rahA hai Adi para yahA~ vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| yoga zabda 'yuj' dhAtu aura 'ghana' pratyaya milane se banatA hai| 'yuja' dhAtu do haiM, jinameM se eka kA artha hai saMyojita karanA, jor3anA aura dUsarI kA artha hai mana kI sthiratA, samAdhi / prazna yaha hai ki bhAratIya yogadarzana ne ina donoM arthoM meM se kise apanAyA hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki kitane hI vijJoM ne 'yoga' kA jor3ane ke artha meM prayoga kiyA hai to kitane hI vijJoM ne samAdhi ke artha meM / AcArya pAtaMjali ne 'cittavRtti ke virodha ko yoga' kahA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne 'jisase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai, 1. yujapI yoge-gaNa 7 hemacandra dhAtupATha 2. yujica samAdhau-gaNa4, hemacandra dhAtupATha 3. yogazcittavRttinirodha : pAtaMjala yogasUtra pA 1. sa. 2 karma-mala naSTa hotA hai aura mokSa ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai use yoga kahA hai|' upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne bhI yoga kI vahI paribhASA kI hai| bauddha cintakoM ne yoga kA artha samAdhi kiyA hai| ___ yogya ke bAhya aura Abhyantara ye do rUpa haiN| sAdhanA meM citta kA ekAgra honA yA sthira citta honA yaha yoga kA bAhya rUpa hai / ahaMbhAva, mamatva bhAva Adi manovikAroM kA na honA yoga kA Abhyantara rUpa hai| koI prayatna se citta ko ekAgra bhI kara le para ahaMbhAva aura mamabhAva prabhRti manovikAroM kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai to use yoga kI siddhi prApta nahIM ho sakatI / vaha kevala vyAvahArika yoga sAdhanA hai kintu pAramArthika yA bhAvayoga sAdhanA nahIM hai| ahaMkAra aura mamakAra se rahita samatvabhAva kI sAdhanA ko hI gItAkAra ne saccA yoga kahA hai|' vaidika paramparA kA prAcInatama graMtha Rgveda hai| usameM Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika varNana hI mukhya rUpa se huA hai| Rgveda meM yoga zabda kA vyavahAra aneka sthaloM para huA hai / kintu vahA~ para yoga kA artha dhyAna aura samAdhi nahIM haiM para yoga kA 4. (ka) mokkheva joyaNAo jogo--yogavizikA gA-1 (kha) adhyAtma bhAvanA''dhyAnaM samatA vRtti saMkSayaH ___mokSeNa yojanAdyoga evaM zreSTho yathottaram / / yogabindu 31 5. mokSaNa yojanAdeva yogohyatra nirucyate / dvAzitrikA 6. saMyukta nikAya 5-10 vibhaMga 317-18 7. "yogasya kuru karmANi saMgaM tyaktvA dhnnyjy| sidhyasiddhayoH samo bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyate // " gItA 2/48 8. Rgveda--1, 5, 3; 1-18-7; 1-34-8; 2-8-1; 9-58-3; 10-166-5. 186 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational ntermational For Priva
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________________ artha jor3anA, milAnA aura saMyoga karanA hai / upaniSadoM meM bhI jo upaniSad bahuta hI prAcIna haiM, unameM bhI AdhyAtmika artha meM yoga zabda vyavahRta nahIM huA hai, kintu uttarakAlIna kaThopaniSada,' zvetAmbara upaniSada Adi meM AdhyAtmika artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai / gItA meM karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne yoga kA khAsA acchA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yoga vAsiSTha ne bhI yoga para vistAra se carcA kI hai / brahmasUtra meM bhI yoga para khaNDana aura maNDana kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA, kintu maharSi pAtaMjali ne yoga para jitanA vyavasthita rUpa se likhA utanA vyavasthita rUpa se anya vaidika vidvAn nahIM likha sake / vaha bahuta hI spaSTa tathA sarala hai, niSpakSa bhAva se likhA huA hai / prAraMbha se prAnta taka kI sAdhanA kA eka sAtha saMkalana-Akalana hai / pAtaMjala yogasUtra kI tIna vizeSatAe~ haiM--prathama, vaha graMtha bahuta hI saMkSepa meM likhA gayA hai, dUsarI vizeSatA, viSaya kI pUrNa spaSTatA hai aura tIsarI vizeSatA anubhava kI pradhAnatA hai| prastuta graMtha cAra pAda meM vibhakta hai| prathama pAda kA nAma samAdhi hai, dvitIya kA nAma sAdhana hai, tRtIya kA nAma vibhUti hai aura caturtha kA nAma kaivalyapAda hai| prathama pAda meM mukhya rUpa se yoga kA svarUpa, usake sAdhana tathA citta ko sthira banAne ke upAyoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya pAda meM kriyAyoga, yoga ke ATha aMga, unakA phala aura heya, heya-hetu, hAna aura hAnopAya ina caturpUha kA varNana hai / tRtIya pAda meM yoga kI vibhUtiyoM kA vizleSaNa hai| caturthapAda meM pariNAmavAda kA sthApana, vijJAnavAda kA nirAkaraNa aura kaivalya avasthA ke svarUpa kA citraNa hai| bhAgavata purANa meM bhI yoga para vistAra se likhA gayA hai 14 tAMtrika sampradAya vAloM ne bhI yoga ko tantra meM sthAna diyA hai / aneka taMtragraMthoM meM yoga kA vizleSaNa upalabdha hotA hai| mahAnirvANa tantra aura SaTcakranirUpaNa" meM yoga para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| madhyakAla meM to yoga para jana-mAnasa kA atyadhika AkarSaNa bar3hA jisake phalasvarUpa yoga kI eka pRthak sampradAya banI jo haThayoga ke nAma se vizruta hai, jisameM Asana, mudrA, prANAyAma prabhRti yoga ke bAhya aMgoM para vizeSa bala diyA gyaa| haThayoga pradIpikA, zivasaMhitA, gheraNDasaMhitA, gorakSapaddhati, gorakSazataka, yoga tArAvalI, binduyoga, yogabIja, yoga kalpadruma Adi mukhya grantha haiN| ina graMthoM meM Asana, bandha, . 9. kaThopaniSad 2-6-11; 1-2-12 10. zvotazvatara upaniSad 6 aura 13 11. dekhie gItA 6 aura 13 vA adhyAya 12. dekhie yoga vAsiSTha -chaH prakaraNa 13. brahmasUtra bhASya 2-1-3 14. bhAgavata purANa, skaMdha, 3 adhyAya 28, skaMdha 11, adhyAya 15, 19, 20 15. mahAnirvANa taMtra : adhyAya 3 aura (Tantrik texts) meM prakAzita 16. SaT cakra nirUpaNa, pRSTha 60, 61, 82, 90, 91 aura 134 mudrA, SaTkarma, kumbhaka, pUraka, recaka Adi bAhya aMgoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| gheraNDa saMhitA meM to AsanoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika bar3ha gayI hai| __gIrvANa girA meM hI nahIM apitu prAntIya bhASAoM meM bhI yoga para aneka grantha likhe gaye haiN| marAThI bhASA meM gItA para jJAnadeva racita jJAnezvarI TIkA meM yoga kA sundara varNana hai / kabIra kA bIjaka graMtha yoga kA zreSTha graMtha hai| bauddha paramparA meM yoga ke lie samAdhi aura dhyAna zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / buddha ne aSTAMgika mArga ko atyadhika mahatva diyA hai| bodhitva prApta karane ke pUrva zvAsocchavAsa nirodha kI sAdhanA prArambha kI thii| kintu samAdhi prApta na hone se usakA parityAga kara aSTAMgika mArga ko apanAyA / 10 aSTAMgika mArga meM samAdhi para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| samAdhi yA nirvANa prApta karane ke lie dhyAna ke sAtha anitya bhAvanA ko bhI mahatva diyA hai| tathAgava buddha ne kahA--bhikSo ! rUpa anitya hai, vedanA anitya hai, saMjJA anitya hai, saMskAra anitya hai, vijJAna anitya hai| jo anitya hai vaha duHkhaprada hai| jo duHkhaprada hai vaha anAtmaka hai jo anAtmaka hai, merA nahIM hai| vaha maiM nahIM huuN| isa taraha saMsAra ke anitya svarUpa ko dekhanA caahie|" jaina Agama sAhitya meM yoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| kintu yoga zabda kA artha jisa prakAra vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM huA hai usa artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| vahAM yoga zabda kA prayoga mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ke lie huA hai| vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM jisa artha ko yoga zabda vyakta karatA hai usa artha ko jaina paramparA meM tapa aura dhyAna vyakta karate haiN| dhyAna kA artha hai mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yogoM ko Atmacitana meM kendrita karanA / dhyAna meM tana, mana aura vacana ko sthira karanA hotA hai / kevala sAMsa lene kI chUTa rahatI hai| sAMsa ke atirikta sabhI zArIrika kriyAoM ko rokanA anivArya hai| sarva prathama zarIra kI vibhinna pravRttiyAM ko rokI jAtI haiM, vajana ko niyantrita kiyA jAtA hai| aura usake pazcAt mana ko Atma svarUpa meM ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai| prastuta sAdhanA ko hama dravya sAdhanA aura bhAva sAdhanA kaha sakate haiM / tana aura vacana kI sAdhanA, dravya sAdhanA aura mana kI sAdhanA bhAva sAdhanA hai / jaina paramparA meM haThayoga ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai aura na prANAyAma ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / haThayoga ke dvArA jo niyantraNa kiyA jAtA hai usase sthAyI lAbha nahIM hotA aura na Atmazuddhi hotI hai aura na mukti hI prApta hotI hai / sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama sAhitya meM dhyAna ke lakSaNa aura unake prabhedoM para prakAza DAlA hai / AcArya 17. jJAnezvarI TIkA-chaThA adhyAya, 18. aMguttara nikAya, 63, 19. saMyukta nikAya 5, 10 vI.ni.saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ bhadrabAhu svAmI ne Avazyaka niyukti meM dhyAna para vizada vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya umAsvAtI ne tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna para cintana kiyA hai| kintu unakA ciMtana Agama se pRthak nahIM hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa ne 'dhyAna zataka' kI racanA kI / jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa jaina dhyAna paddhati ke marmajJa jJAtA the / unhoMne svayaM dhyAna kI gaharAI meM jAkara anubhava kA amRta prApta kiyA use isa graMtha meM udR'kita kiyA hai| . AcArya haribhadra ne jaina-yoga paddhati meM nUtana parivartana kiyaa| unhoMne yogabiMdu, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogavizikA, yogazataka, aura SoDazaka prabhRti aneka graMthoM kA nirmANa kiyA / ina graMthoM meM jaina paramparA ke anusAra yoga sAdhanA kA vizleSaNa karake hI saMtuSTa nahIM hue, apitu pAMtajala yoga sUtra meM kaNita yoga sAdhanA aura unakI vizeSa paribhASAoM ke sAtha jaina-yoga sAdhanA kI tulanA kI hai aura usameM rahe hue sAmya ko batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / AcArya haribhadra ke yoga graMthoM kI nimna vizeSatAeM haiM1. kauna sAdhaka yoga kA adhikArI hai ? aura kauna yoga kA anadhikArI hai ? 2. yoga kA adhikAra prApta karane ke lie pahale kI jo taiyArI apekSita hai usa para citana kiyA hai ? 3. yogyatA ke anusAra sAdhakoM kA vibhinna dRSTi se vibhAga kiyA hai / aura unake svarUpa aura anuSThAna kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| . 4. yoga sAdhanA ke bheda-prabhedoM kA aura sAdhana kA varNana aura vyavahAra ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / yogaviMzikA meM dharma sAdhanA ke lie kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM ko yoga kahA hai aura yoga kI, sthAna, Urja, artha, AlaMbana aura anAlaMbana ye pA~ca bhUmikAe~ batAyI haiN| AcArya haribhadra ke pazcAt jaina yoga ke itihAsa ke jAjvalyamAna nakSatra haiM AcArya hemacandra jinhoMne yogazAstra nAmaka atyanta mahattvapUrNa graMtha kA nirmANa kiyA hai / isa graMtha meM pAtaMjali yoga sUtra ke aSTAMga yoga kI taraha zramaNa tathA zrAvaka jIvana kI AcAra sAdhanA ko jaina Agama sAhitya ke prakAza meM vyakta kiyA hai / isameM Asana, prANAyAma Adi kA bhI varNana hai| padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai aura mana kI vikSupta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura sulIna ina cAra bhedoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai jo AcArya kI apanI maulika dena hai| AcArya hemacandra ke pazcAt AcArya zubhacandra kA nAma AtA hai| jJAnArNava unakI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / sarga 29 se 42 taka meM prANAyAma aura dhyAna ke svarUpa aura bhedoM kA varNana kiyA haiM / prANAyAma Adi se prApta hone vAlI labdhiyoM para parakAyapraveza Adi ke phala para cintana karane ke pazcAt prANAyAma ko sAdhyasiddhi ke lie anAvazyaka aura anarthakArI batAyA hai| usake pazcAt upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA nAma AtA hai| ve satyopAsaka the / unhoMne adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmopaniSad, yogAvatAra battIsI, pAtaMjala yogasUtra vRtti, yogaviMzikA TIkA, yoga dRSTi nIsajjhAya Adi mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhe haiM / adhyAtmasAra graMtha ke yogAdhikAra aura dhyAnAdhikAra prakaraNa meM gItA evaM pAtaMjali yoga sUtra kA upayoga karake bhI jaina paramparA meM vizruta dhyAna ke vividha bhedoM kA samanvayAtmaka varNana kiyA hai| adhyAtmopaniSada meM zAstrayoga, jJAnayoga, kriyAyoga aura sAmyayoga ke saMbaMdha meM ciMtana karate hue yogavAziSTha aura taittarIya upaniSadoM ke mahattvapUrNa uddharaNa dekara jaina darzana ke sAtha tulanA kI hai / yogAvatAra battIsI meM pAtaMjala yogasUtra meM jo yoga sAdhanA kA varNana hai usakA jaina dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai aura haribhadra ke yogavizikA aura SoDazaka para mahattvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhakara usake rahasyoM ko udghATita kiyA hai / jaina darzana kI dRSTi se pAtaMjala yoga sUtra para bhI eka laghu vRtti likhI hai| isa taraha yazovijayajI ke graMthoM meM madhyastha bhAvanA, guNagrAhakatA va samanvaya dRSTi spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina paramparA kA yoga sAhitya atyadhika vistRta hai / mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne usa para jamakara likhA hai| Aja punaH yoga para Adhunika dRSTi se ciMtana hI nahIM kintu jIvana meM apanAne kI AvazyakatA hai| yahAM bahuta hI saMkSepa meM maiMne apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| avakAza ke kSaNoM meM isa para vistAra se likhane kA vicAra hai / yogabiMdu meM yoga ke adhikArI apunarbandhaka, samyak-dRSTi, dezavirati aura sarvavirati ye cAra vibhAga kiye / aura yoga kI bhUmikA para vicAra karate hue adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA, vRtisaMkSaya ye pAMca prakAra batAye / yogadRSTisamuccaya meM ogha dRSTi aura yoga dRSTi para cintana kiyA hai / isa graMtha meM yoga ke adhikAriyoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-prathama bheda meM prAraMbhika avasthA se vikAsa kI aMtima avasthA taka kI bhUmikAoM ke karma-mala ke tAratamya kI dRSTi se mitrA, tArA, balA, dIptA, sthiratA, kAntA, prabhA aura parA meM ATha vibhAga kiye haiM / ye ATha vibhAga pAtaMjali yoga sUtra ke yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi tathA bauddha paramparA ke kheda, udvega Adi aSTa pRthak janacita doSa parihara aura adveSa, jijJAsA Adi aSTa yoga guNoM ke prakaTa karane ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiM / yoga zataka meM yoga ke nizcaya 20. samadhireSa evAnyaiH saMmajJo'bhidhIyate / samyakprakarSarUpeNa vRtyartha jJAnatarastathA / / asaMprajJAta eSo'pi samAdhigIyate paraiH / niruddhazeSa vRtyAdi tatsvarUpAnuNedhaka // -yogabiMdu 419-420. 188 rAjendra-jyoti