Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina yoga : eka cintana devendra muni zAstrI bhAratIya saMskRti meM yoga kA atyadhika mahatva rahA hai / atIta kAla se hI bhArata ke mardhanya manISIgaNa yoga para cintana, manana aura vizleSaNa karate rahe haiM, kyoMki yoga se mAnava jIvana pUrNa vikasita hotA hai| mAnava jIvana meM zarIra aura AtmA ina donoM kI pradhAnatA hai| zarIra sthUla hai aura AtmA sUkSma hai| pauSTika aura pathyakArI padArthoM ke sevana se tathA ucita vyAyAma Adi se zarIra puSTa aura vikasita hotA hai kintu AtmA kA vikAsa yoga se hotA hai| yoga se kAma, krodha, mada, moha Adi vikRtiyAM naSTa hotI haiM / AtmA kI jo ananta zaktiyAM AvRtta haiM ve yoga se anAvRtta hotI haiM aura AtmA kI jyoti jagamagAne lagatI hai| Atma vikAsa ke lie yoga eka pramukha sAdhanA hai| usakA sahI artha kyA hai, usakI kyA paramparA hai, usake saMbaMdha meM cintaka kyA cintana karate haiM aura unakA kisa prakAra kA yogadAna rahA hai Adi para yahAM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| naSTa hotA hai aura mokSa ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai use yoga kahA hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne bhI yoga kI vahI paribhASA kI hai| bauddha cintakoM ne yoga kA artha samAdhi kiyA hai / yoga ke bAhya aura Abhyantara ye do rUpa haiM / sAdhanA meM citta kA ekAgra honA yA sthira citta honA yaha yoga kA bAhya rUpa hai| ahaMbhAva, mamatvabhAva Adi manovikAroM kA na honA yoga kA Abhyantara rUpa hai / koI prayatna se citta ko ekAna bhI kara le para ahaMbhAva aura mamabhAva prabhRti manovikAroM kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai to use yoga kI siddhi prApta nahIM ho sktii| vaha kevala vyAvahArika yoga sAdhanA hai kintu pAramArthika yA bhAvayoga sAdhanA nahIM hai| ahaMkAra aura mamakAra se rahita samatva bhAva kI sAdhanA ko hI gItakAra ne saccA yoga kahA hai|' vaidika paramparA kA prAcInatama grantha Rgveda hai / usameM Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika varNana hI mukhya rUpa se huA hai / Rgveda meM yoga zabda kA vyavahAra aneka sthaloM para haA hai| kintu vahAM para yoga kA artha dhyAna aura samAdhi nahIM hai para yoga kA artha jor3anA, milAnA aura saMyoga karanA hai| upaniSadoM meM bhI jo upaniSad 4. (ka) mokkheva jIyaNAoM jogo-yogavizikA gA. 1 (kha) AdhyAtma bhAvanA''dhyAnaM samatA vRtti saMkSayaH mokSeNa yojanAdyoga evaM zreSTho yathottaram / / --yogabindu 31 5. mokSaNa yojanAdeva yogo hyatra nirucyte| -dvAtrizikA 6. saMyukta nikAya 5-10 vibhaMga 317-18 7. "yogasya kurukarmANi saMga tyaktvA dhanaMjaya / / siddhAyasiddhayoH samobhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyate ||-giitaa 2148 8. Rgveda-1-5-3 : 1-18-7 : 1-34-8 : 2-8-1 : 9-58-3 : 10-166-5 yoga zabda "yuj" dhAtu aura "ghA" pratyaya milane se banatA hai| "yuj" dhAtu do haiM jinameM se eka kA artha hai, saMyojita karanA, jor3anA aura dUsarI kA artha hai mana kI sthiratA,sa mAdhi / prazna yaha hai ki bhAratIya yoga darzana meM ina donoM arthoM meM se kise apanAyA hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki kitane hI vijJoM ne "yoga" kA jor3ane ke artha meM prayoga kiyA hai to kitane hI vijJoM ne samAdhi ke artha meM / AcArya pAtaMjali ne "cittavRtti ke nirodha ko yoga" kahA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne jisase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai karma-mala 1. yujyati yoge-gaNa 7, hemacandra dhAtupATha 2. yujita samAdhau-gaNa 4, hemacandra dhAtupATha 3. yogazcittavRtti nirodhaH-pAtaMjala yoga sUtra pA. 1 saM 2 134 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Interational
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bahuta hI prAcIna hai unameM bhI AdhyAtmika artha meM yoga zabda vyavahRta nahIM huvA hai kintu uttarakAlIna kaThopaniSada" zvetAmbatara upaniSada10 Adi meM AtyAtmika artha kA yoga zabda kA prayoga huvA hai / gItA meM karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne yoga kA khAsA acchA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|" yogavAsiSTha ne bhI yoga para vistAra se carcA kI hai / brahmasUtra meM bhI yoga para khaMDana aura maMDana kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA,1 kintu maharSi pAtaMjali ne yoga para jitanA vyavasthita rUpa se likhA utanA vyavasthita rUpa se anya vaidika vidvAna nahIM likha ske| vaha bahuta hI spaSTa tathA sarala hai, niSpakSabhAva se likhA huvA hai| prArambha se prAnta taka kI sAdhanA kA eka sAtha saMkalana-Akalana hai| pAtaMjala yoga-sUtra kI tIna mukhya vizeSatAe~ haiM--prathama, vaha grantha bahuta hI saMkSepa meM likhA gayA hai / dUsarI vizeSatA, viSaya kI pUrNa spaSTatA hai aura tIsarI vizeSatA, anubhava kI pradhAnatA hai| prastuta grantha cAra pAda meM vibhakta hai| prathama pAda kA nAma samAdhi hai, dvitIya kA nAma sAdhana hai, tRtIya kA nAma vibhUti hai aura caturtha kA nAma kaivalya pAda hai| prathama pAda meM mukhya rUpa se yoga kA svarUpa, usake sAdhana tathA citta ko sthira banAne ke upAyoM kA vrnnn| dvitIya pAda meM kriyA yoga, yoga ke aMga, unakA phala aura heya, heya hetu, hAna aura hAnopAya ina caturdUha kA varNana hai / tRtIya pAda meM yoga kI vibhUtiyoM kA vizleSaNa hai / caturtha pAda meM pariNAmavAda kI sthApanA, vijJAnavAda kA nirAkaraNa aura kaivalya avasthA ke svarUpa kA citraNa hai| bhAgavata purANa meM bhI yoga para vistAra se likhA gayA hai / " tAMtrika sampradAyavAloM ne bhI yoga ko tantra meM sthAna diyA hai| aneka tantra granthoM meM yoga kA vizleSaNa upalabdha hotA hai| mahAnirvANa tantra' aura SaTcakra nirUpaNa meM yoga para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| madhyakAla meM to yoga para janamAnasa kA atyadhika AkarSaNa bar3hA jisake phalasvarUpa yoga kI eka pRthak sampradAya banI jo haThayoga ke nAma se vizruta hai, jisameM Asana, mudrA prANAyAma prabhRti yoga ke bAhya aMgoM para vizeSa bala diyA gyaa| haThayoga pradIpikA, ziva-saMhitA, ghareNDa-saMhitA, gorakSA-paddhati, gorakSa-zataka, yoga tArAvalI, binduyoga, yoga bIja, yoga kalpadruma Adi mukhya grantha haiM / ina granthoM meM Asana, bandha, mudrA, SaTkarma, kumbhaka, pUraka, recaka Adi bAhya aMgoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| gheraNDa saMhitA meM to AsanoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika bar3ha gaI hai| nirvANa girA meM hI nahIM apitu prAntIya bhASAoM meM bhI yoga para aneka grantha likhe gaye haiN| marAThI bhASA meM gItA para jJAnadeva racita jJAnezvarI TIkA meM yoga kA sundara varNana hai / kabIra kA bIjaka grantha yoga kA zreSTha grantha hai| bauddha paramparA meM yoga ke lie samAdhi aura dhyAna zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| buddha ne aSTAMgika mArga ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai / bodhitva prApta karane ke pUrva zvAsocchAsa nirodha kI sAdhanA prArambha kI thii| kintu samAdhi prApta na hone se usakA parityAga kara aSTAMgika mArga ko apanAyA / 10 aSTAMgika mArga meM samAdhi para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| samAdhi yA nirvANa prApta karane ke lie dhyAna ke sAtha anitya bhAvanA ko bhI mahattva diyA hai / tathAgata buddha ne kahA-"bhikSo! rUpa anitya hai, vedanA anitya hai, saMjJA anitya hai, saMskAra anitya hai, vijJAna anitya hai / jo anitya hai vaha duHkhaprada hai / jo duHkhaprada hai vaha anAtmaka hai / jo anAtmaka hai merA nahIM hai| vaha maiM nahIM hU~ / isa taraha saMsAra ke anitya svarUpa ko dekhanA caahie|" jaina Agama sAhitya meM yoga zabda kA prayoga huvA hai / kintu yoga zabda kA artha jisa prakAra vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM huvA hai usa artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai / vahA~ yoga zabda kA prayoga mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ke lie huA hai / vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM jisa artha ko yoga zabda vyakta karatA hai usa artha ko jaina paramparA meM tapa aura dhyAna vyakta karate haiN| ____ dhyAna kA artha hai mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yogoM ko Atmacintana meM kendrita karanA / dhyAna meM tana, mana aura vacana ko sthira karanA hotA hai / kevala sAMsa lene kI chUTa rahatI hai sAMsa ke atirikta sabhI zArIrika kriyAoM ko rokanA anivArya hai| sarvaprathama zarIra kI vibhinna kriyAoM ko rokA jAtA hai / vacana ko niyaMtrita kiyA jAtA hai aura usake pazcAt mana ko Atma-svarUpa meM ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai| prastuta sAdhanA ko hama dravya sAdhanA aura bhAvasAdhanA kaha sakate haiN| tana aura vacana kI sAdhanA dravya sAdhanA aura mana kI sAdhanA bhAva sAdhanA hai| jaina paramparA meM haThayoga ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / aura na prANAyAma ko Avazyaka mAnA hai / haThayoga ke dvArA jo niyaMtraNa kiyA jAtA hai usase sthAyI lAbha nahIM hotA aura na Atma-zuddhi hotI hai aura na mukti hI prApta hotI hai / sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama sAhitya meM dhyAna ke lakSaNa aura unake prabhedoM para prakAza DAlA hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ne Avazyaka niyukti meM dhyAna para vizad vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna para cintana kiyA hai| kintu unakA cintana Agama se pRthak nahIM hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa 9. kaThopaniSada-2-6-11 : 1-2-12 10. zvetAmbara upaniSada 6 aura 13 11. dekhiye gItA 6 aura 13 vAM adhyAya 12. dekhiye yoga vAsiSTha-chaH prakaraNa 13. brahmasUtra bhASya 2-1-3 14. bhAgavata purANa, skaMdha 3, adhyAya 28, skaMdha 11, adhyAya 15-19-20 15. mahAnirvANa taMtra adhyAya 3 aura Tantrik Texts meM prakAzita 16. SaTcakra nirUpaNa, pRSTha 60, 61, 82, 90, 91 aura 134 17. jJAnezvarI TIkA-chaThA adhyAya 18. aMguttara nikAya 63 19. saMyukta nikAya 5-10 vI. ni. saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational ation Intermational
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ne "dhyAna-zataka" kI racanA kii| jinabhadragaNi kSamaNA zrama jaina dhyAna paddhati ke marmajJa jJAtA the| unhoMne svayaM dhyAna kI gaharAI meM jAkara jo anubhava kA amRta prApta kiyA use isa grantha meM uddhRta kiyA hai| __ AcArya haribhadra ne jaina-yoga paddhati meM nUtana parivartana kiyaa| unhoMne yogabindu, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogavizikA, yogazataka aura SoDazaka prabhRti aneka granthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| ina granthoM meM jaina paramparA ke anusAra yoga sAdhanA kA vizleSaNa karake hI saMtuSTa nahIM hue apitu pAtaMjala yoga sUtra meM varNita yoga sAdhanA aura unakI vizeSa paribhASAoM ke sAtha jaina yoga sAdhanA kI tulanA kI hai aura usameM rahe hue sAmya ko banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / 20 AcArya haribhadra ke yoga granthoM kI nimna vizeSatAe~ haiM:1. kauna sAdhaka yoga kA adhikArI hai? aura kauna yoga kA anadhikArI hai| 2. yoga kA adhikAra prApta karane ke lie pahale kI jo taiyArI apekSita hai, usa para cintana kiyA hai ? 3. yogyatA ke anusAra sAdhakoM kA vibhinna dRSTi se vibhAga kiyA hai aura unake svarUpa aura anuSThAna kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 4. yoga sAdhanA ke bheda-prabhedoM kA aura sAdhana kA varNana hai| yoga bindu meM yoga ke adhikArI apunarbandhaka, samyak dRSTi, dezavirati aura sarvavirati ye cAra vibhAga kiye| aura yoga kI bhUmikA para vicAra karate hue adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA, vRtti saMkSaya, ye pAMca prakAra btaae| yogadRSTisamuccaya meM odha dRSTi ora yoga dRSTi para cintana kiyA hai| isa grantha meM yoga ke adhikAriyoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama bheda meM prArambhika avasthA se vikAsa kI aMtima avasthA taka kI bhUmikAoM ke karma-mala ke tAratamya kI dRSTi se mitrA, tArA, balA, dIptA, sthiratA, kAntA, prabhA aura parA meM ATha vibhAga kiye haiN| ye ATha vibhAga pAtaMjalI yoga sUtra ke yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi tathA bauddha paramparA ke kheda, udvega Adi aSTa pRthak, janacinta doSaparihara aura advaiSa, jijJAsA Adi aSTa yoga guNoM ke prakaTa karane ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiN| yogazataka meM yoga ke nizcaya aura vyavahAra meM do bheda kiye gaye haiN| 20. samAdhireSu evAnyaiH saMpUjJo'bhidhIyate / samyakprakarSa rUpeNa vRtyarthaM jJAnatarastathA / / asaMprajJAta eSo'pi samAdhi gIyate paraiH / niruddha zeSa vRtyAdi tatsvarUpAnuNedhaka // yogabindu 419-420 yoga vizikA meM dharma sAdhanA ke lie kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM ko yoga kahA hai aura yoga kI, sthAna, UrjA, artha, AlaMbana aura anAlaMbana ye pAMca bhUmikAe~ batAyI haiN| AcArya haribhadra ke pazcAt jaina yoga ke itihAsa ke jAjvalyamAna nakSatra haiM AcArya hemacandra, jinhoMne yogazAstra nAmaka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isa grantha meM pAtaMjali yoga sUtra ke aSTAMga yoga kI taraha zramaNa tathA zrAvaka jIvana kI AcAra sAdhanA ko jaina Agama sAhitya ke prakAza meM vyakta kiyA hai| isameM Asana, prANAyAma Adi kA bhI varNana hai / padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai aura mana kI vikSupta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura sUlIna ina cAra bhedoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai jo AcArya kI apanI maulika dena hai / AcArya hemacandra ke pazcAt AcArya zubhacandra kA nAma AtA hai| jJAnArNava unakI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| sarga 29 se 42 taka meM prANAyAma aura dhyAna ke svarUpa aura bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prANAyAma Adi se prApta hone vAlI labdhiyoM para, parakAya praveza Adi ke phala para cintana karane ke pazcAt prANAyAma ko sAdhyasiddhi ke lie anAvazyaka aura anarthakArI batAyA hai / usake pazcAt upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kA nAma AtA hai ve satyopAsaka the| unhoMne adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmopaniSad, yogAvatAra battIsI, pAtaMjala yoge sUtra vRtti, yogavizikA TIkA, yoga dRSTi nIkhajjhAya Adi mahattvapUrNa grantha likhe haiN| adhyAtmasAra grantha ke yogAdhikAra aura dhyAnAdhikAra prakaraNa meM gItA aura pAtaMjali yoga sUtra kA upayoga karake bhI jaina-paramparA meM vizruta dhyAna ke vividha bhedoM kA samanvayAtmaka varNana kiyA hai / adhyAtmopaniSad meM zAstrayoga, jJAnayoga, kriyAyoga aura sAmyayoga ke saMbaMdha meM cintana karate hue yoga vAziSTha aura taitarIya upaniSadoM ke mahattvapUrNa uddharaNa dekara jainadarzana ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| yogAvatAra battIsI meM pAtaMjala yogasUtra meM jo yoga sAdhanA kA varNana hai usakA jaina dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai aura haribhadra ke yoga bizikA aura SoDazaka para mahattvapUrNa TIkAeM likha kara usake rahasyoM ko udghATita kiye haiM, jaina darzana kI dRSTi se pAtaMjali yogasUtra para bhI eka laghu vRtti likhI hai| isa taraha yazovijayajI ke granthoM meM madhyastha bhAvanA guNa-grAhakatA va samanvayaka dRSTi spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina paramparA kA yoga sAhitya atyadhika vistRta hai / mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne usa para jama kara likhA hai / Aja punaH yoga para Adhunika dRSTi se cintana hI nahIM kintu jIvana meM apanAne kI AvazyakatA hai| yahAM bahuta hI saMkSepa meM maiMne apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM / avakAza ke kSaNoM meM isa para vistAra se likhane kA vicAra hai| 136 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational