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________________ jainavidyece vividha AyAma ( sphuTa - ciMtanAtmaka lekha) bhAga - 4 * lekhana va saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana phirodiyA prakAzana puNe vidyApITha oNgasTa 2011
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________________ 17. jaina dharmAtIla vaijJAnikatA (dazalakSaNaparvAnimitta vizeSa vyAkhyAna, bArAmatI, oNgasTa 2009) prastAvanA : jaina dharmAtIla vaijJAnikatA yA viSayAvara bolaNyAcA adhikAra vastuta: ekhAdyA vaijJAnikAcA athavA zAstrajJAcAca Ahe. bhASA, dharma ANi tattvajJAna yAMcA abhyAsa asalelyA mAjhyAsArakhyA sAmAnya abhyAsakAlA hA adhikAra pohocata nAhI yAcI malA pUrNa jANIva Ahe. tathApi khar2yA arthAne vaijJAnika saMzodhaka he jaina dharmatattvAMcI mAhitI asaNAre miLaNe he durApAsta Ahe. yAulaTa dharmAcyA abhyAsakAlA vaijJAnika saMzodhana paddhatI ANi vaijJAnika sUtre acUka sAMgatA yeNe phAra avaghaDa Ahe. tarIhI saMyojakAMnI dAkhavilelyA vizvAsAlA mAna deUna jaina dharmAtIla vaijJAnikatA zodhaNyAcA va tyAce mUlyamApana karaNyAcA hA alpasA prayatna Ahe. vaijJAnika asalyAcA dAvA : kevaLa jaina paraMparAca navhe tara vaidika athavA hiMdU paraMparA suddhA veda, upaniSade, darzane, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata yAMmadhye atipragata vaijJAnikatA ADhaLate asA dAvA karate. tyAMcyA mate pragata astre, zastre, vimAnataLa, puSpaka vimAnAsArakhI vimAne, sAgarI setU bAMdhaNyAce pragata taMtrajJAna, bhUgola, jyotiSa, vAstU yAMsaMbaMdhIce sarva pragata jJAna AmacyA prAcIna RSimunIMnA hoteca. saMskRtamadhye asalelyA vividha zAstraviSayaka graMthasaMpattIvara najara TAkalI asatA ase disate kI ekekALI ApalyA bhAratIya zikSaNapaddhatIta arthazAstra, vAstuzAstra, jyotiSa, khagola, gaNita, nATyazAstra, Ayurveda, yoga yA viSayAMvara AdhArita pramANita graMthAMcA samAveza jhAlelA hotA. yA sarva bAbatIta ApaNa ekekALI pragata hoto. paraMtu madhyayugAnaMtara sAmAjika viSamatA, parakIya AkramaNe, yuddhe, naisargika ApattI azA aneka kAraNAMnI hI zikSaNapaddhatI lopa pAvata gelI. Aja AtA vividha zAstre va kalA yAMcI jI zikSaNapaddhatI Ahe, tI sarvasvI pAzcAtya zikSaNa-paddhatIvaraca betalelI Ahe. ApaNa jyA jyA sukhasuvidhA va upakaraNe vAparato tI javaLajavaLa sarvaca prathamataH videzI zAstrajJAMnI banavilelI Aheta. azA paristhitIta ApalA vaijJAnikatecA dAvA punhA ekadA tapAsUna pAhANyAcI veLa AlI Ahe. jI goSTa hiMdUMbAbata tIca goSTa jainAMcyA bAbatahI kharI Ahe. nirvivAdapaNe vaijJAnika asalelI jaina jIvanazailI : kAhI mudde mAnavI Arogya uttama rAkhaNyAsAThI jaina jIvanazailItIla kAhI mudde atizaya upayukta Aheta. Aja jagAtIla 90% loka mAMsAhArI asale tarI zAkAhArAce mahattva sarvAMnAca haLUhaLU paTU lAgale Ahe. barDa phlyU, svAina phlyU ANi itarahI aneka saMsargajanya roga mAMsAhArAsAThI vAparalyA jANAr2yA prANyAMcyA mAdhyamAtUnaca mAnavAMparyaMta pohacata Aheta. prANyAMcI kRtrima paidAsa karaNyAmuLe tayAra jhAlelyA navyA prajAtI, nisargAtIla prANyAMsArakhyA rogapratikArakSama nasatAta. tyAmuLeca gAyI-gure-meMDhyA - koMbaDyA - Dukkare i. madhye navanavIna roga pasaratAta. tyAnaMtara saMsargAne te mAnavAparyaMta pohocatAta. saMpUrNa zAkAhArI bhojanazailI svIkAralyAsa he sarva TaLU zakate. arthAt zAkAhArAsaMbaMdhI suddhA punarvicAra karaNyAcI veLa AlI Ahe. dhAnyAcyA vividha prakArAMcyA saMkarita jAtI ANi bharapUra dhAnya utpAdanAsAThI vAparaNyAta yeNArI hAnikAraka rAsAyanika khate yAmuLe zAkAhAra suddhA aneka prakAre pradUSita jhAlA Ahe. mhaNUna ArogyAcI jANIva asalele zAkAhArI, naisargika khatAMvara posalele dhAnya va bhAjIpAlyAcI nivaDa karU lAgalele Aheta. rAtribhojanatyAga arthAt sUryAstApUrvI bhojana gheNe, ArogyavijJAnAzI saMpUrNataH susaMgata Ahe. tarIhI ApalyA vyasta zaharI jIvanazailIta he tattva pratyakSa vyavahArAta pALaNe zakya hota nAhI. jI vyaktI rAtrIce bhojana ANi
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________________ jhopa yAMmadhye kamIta kamI dona tAsAMce aMtara Thevate tI vyaktI rAtribhojanatyAga vratAce aMzata: tarI pAlana karate ase mhaNAve lAgela. garama karUna gAra kelele va gALalele pANI piNe va pAvasALyAcyA cAra mahinyAta kaTAkSAne UnodarI, upavAsa i. karaNe he ArogyAlA phAyadezIra Ahe he navyAne sAMgaNyAcI garaja nAhI. vaijJAnika paddhatI : vijJAnAta sarvAta mahattvAce asate te nirIkSaNa. aneka nirIkSaNe noMdavUna tyA prayogAMcyA AdhAre sarva paristhitIta lAgU paDela asA sarvasAmAnya siddhAnta zodhUna kADhalA jAto. tyAnaMtara vegavegaLyA paristhitIMnA aeNplAya kelA jAtA to siddhAnta jIvanopayogI asela tara tyAcyA AdhAre vividha upakaraNehI tayAra kelI jAtAta. vijecA mUlagAmI zodha lAgalyAvara azIca vividha upakaraNe tayAra jhAlI. bhautikazAstrAta jase saMzodhana hote taseca saMzodhana samAjavijJAna va mAnasazAstrAtahI hota asate. jaina zAstrAne AraMbhApAsUnaca udghoSilelA ahiMsAtattvAcA siddhAnta mahAtmA gAMdhIMnI azAca prakAre samAjavijJAna va mAnasazAstrAta aeNplAya kelA. mahAtmA gAMdhIMcA jaina dharmAzI asalelA nikaTacA saMbaMdha ANi abhyAsa suparicita Aheca. tyAMce 'satyAce prayoga' suddhA aseca prasiddha Aheta. ahiMsaka satyAgrahAcA mArga dharUna tyAMnI saMpUrNa bhAratIya manAMvara tyAMcA pagaDA basavilA. bhAratAlA svAtaMtrya miLaviNyAsAThI yA tattvAMcA samayocita vApara kelA. kavI mhaNato - de dI hameM AjAdI binA khaDga binA DhAla sAbaramatI ke saMta tUne kara diyA kamAla / / anekAntavAda ANi sApekSatAvAda : jarmana saMzodhaka albarTa AInasTAIna hA sApekSatAvAdAcA janaka Ahe, he sarvavizruta Ahe. jaina zAstrAta sAMgitalelyA anekAntavAda' yA zabdAce iMgrajI bhASAMtara suddhA Theory of Relativity of Truth ase kele jAte. jaina paraMpareviSayI AInasTAInane kADhalele gauravodgArahI suprasiddha Aheta. paraMtu "jainAMcA anekAntavAda tyAlasApekSatAvAda zodhUna kADhaNyAcyA AdhI mAhIta hotA kI naMtara", yAviSayI khulAsA AtAparyaMta jhAlelA nAhI. hyA siddhAntAce rUpAMtara tyAne E=mc yA sUtrAta kele. (yAtIla E= Energy, m-mass ANi c=velocity) he sUtra zodhUna kADhalyAvara tyAcyA AdhAre puDhIla vaijJAnika saMzodhanAsa cAlanA miLAlI. durdaivAne he namUda karAvese vATate kI anekAntavadAcA jaina siddhAnta mAtra vicArApuratAca maryAdita rAhilA. mhaNaje vaijJAnika upakaraNe banaviNyAsAThI to vAparaNe tara dUraca paNa sAMpradAyika bheda miTaviNyAsAThI suddhA tyAcA vApara kelA gelA nAhI. gurutvAkarSaNAcA niyama : ___vizvAta asalelI viziSTa niyamitatA koNatyA niyamAnusAra Ahe he zodhUna kADhaNyAcA prayatna nyUTana yA zAstrajJAne kelA. tyAne gatI, kriyA, pratikriyA, gurutvAkarSaNa i. aneka viSayAMsaMbaMdhIcI mahattvAcI sUtre zodhalI. bhUgola va khagolaviSayaka aneka rahasye tyAne ulagaDalI. nyUTanapUrvI sumAre 2500 varSApAsUna pracalita asalelyA jaina paraMpareta ApalyA dRzya vizvAcI upapattI lAvUna sahA dravyAMmadhye tyAcI vibhAgaNI kelelI disate. jagAtIla koNatyAhI dharmAne na sAMgitalelI dona tattve yA sahA dravyAta samAviSTa Aheta. tI tattve mhaNaje gatizIla padArthAMnA gatizIla ThevaNAre 'dharma' tattva ANi sthitizIla padArthAMnA sthitizIla ThevaNAre 'adharma tattva'. avakAzastha sarva grahagolAMnA gatizIla ThevUnahI viziSTa niyaMtraNAta rAkhaNArI hI dona dravye Aheta. durdaiva ase kI tI dhArmika graMthAMtaca mayAdita rAhilI. smaraNazaktI va pAThAMtarAne tI puDhIla piDhyAMnA pohocavalI. bahudhA 'dharma' va 'adharma' yA zabdAMnI saMbhramAvasthA nirmANa kelI asAvI. tI tattve vaijJAnika nasUna bahudhA naitika mAnalI gelI asAvI. tyAtIla pAribhASikatA visaralI.
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________________ koNAhI bhAratIyAne tI vaijJAnika aMgAne vikasita kelI nAhIta, pariNAmI gurutvAkarSaNAcyA zodhAzI nyUTanacecanAva nigaDita rAhile. DaoN. e.pI.je.abdula kalAma jevhA sAmAnya mANasAMsAThI likhANa karatAta tevhA te pAjaJjalayoga ANi gItA vAraMvAra uddhRta karatAta. nobelaprAIjha vinara arthatajjJa amartya sena jevhA navA arthaviSayaka siddhAnta zodhatAta tevhA cArvAkAMcyA matAcA vizeSatvAne vicAra karatAta. 'pANI' yA viSayAvara sadhyA jagabharAta seminArsa ANi kaoNnpharanses cAlU Aheta. apekSA azI Ahe kI apakAyAviSayIcA mUlagAmI ANi sUkSma vicAra karaNAr2yA jaina graMthAMcA pArzvabhUmI mhaNUna tarI nidAna saMdarbha dilA jAvA. yAcAca artha asA kI jaina dharmAtIla mUlagAmI ANi sUkSma vicAra, jaina dharmAcyA abhyAsakAMnI vividha vijJAnazAkhAMmadhye saMzodhana karaNAr2yA pragata saMzodhakAMparyaMta pohocavile pAhijeta anvayArtha ulagaDUna sAMgaNyAsAThI tarI tyAMcyApuDhe jAyalA haveta. ApaNa jara ApalyA mulAMnA jaina dharmAtIla dhAraNA samajAvUna sAMgitalyA tara AjacI jaina yuvA piDhI tyAMcyA saMparkAta asalelyA saMzodhaka yuvA piDhIparyaMta tyA dhAraNA pohocavata rAhIla. sauraUrjA : solara hITara va solara kukara hI dona sAdhane pUrNata: sauraUrjevara cAlatAta. varSAtIla javaLajavaLa dahA te akarA mahine tI ApaNa vAparU zakato. sUryAcI vAyA jANArI uSNatA tyAta vAparalI jAte. hI sAdhane vAparaNe he pUrNataH ahiMsececa pAlana Ahe. zivAya vijecI bacata hoteca. je je anudiSTa Ahe tyAcA vApara karaNyAcyA jaina tattvAcehI pAlana hote. pratyeka jaina gharAta nirapavAdapaNe disalIca pAhije azI hI upakaraNe Aheta. vizeSa noMda gheNyAjogI goSTa azI kI, kumArapAlapratibodha nAvAcyA jaina graMthAta 'sUryapAkarasavatI' arthAt sUryAcyA uSNatevara banavilelyA cavadAra svayaMpAkakalecA ullekha yeto. utsarga samiti ANi kacarA : jaina zAstrAnusAra samiti pAca Aheta. IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAnanikSepa ANi utsarga azI tyAMcI nAve Aheta. prAsuka sthaMDila bhUmIvara malamUtra visarjana karaNe, he zaharI jIvanazailIzI susaMgata nAhI. paraMtu kacarA bAhera phekaNe hAhI utsargaca hoya. gharAtIla rojacA olA kacarA vAparUna uttama phulabAga phulate. bAgakAmAta karAvyA lAgaNAr2yA hiMsecA vicAra yethe na kelelA barA. kAraNa olA kacarA ughaDyAvAghaDyAvara saDUna kujUna lAkho baeNTarayA nirmANa karato. tyApekSA olyA kacar2yApAsUna khata nirmANa karaNyAce taMtra zikUna gheNe kevhAhI phAyadezIra Ahe. yAmuLe olyA kacar2yAce vyavasthApana, paryAvaraNarakSaNa ANi utsargasamitIce pAlana hoUna gharacyAgharI zuddha bhAjIpAlAhI miLela. ekeMdriyaviSayaka mAnyatA : ___ jaina zAstrAnusAra pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu va vanaspati he ekeMdriya Aheta. jaina zAstrAnusAra yA sarvAMnA ekaca sparzaneMdriya Ahe. jaina zAstrAta hI mAnyatA kazI AlI asela ? sarva sajIva jagaNyAkaratA ekeMdriyAMcA vApara karatAta. sajIva he sajIvAMvaraca jagU zakatAta. nirjIva vastU khAUna jagU zakata nAhIta. dvIMdriya i. jIva ANi he cAra ekeMdriya jIva pRthvI, ap i. ekeMdriyAMcA AhAra karatAta. tyAarthI hehI jivaMta asale pAhije. dvindriyAMpekSA te apragata Aheta. mhaNUna tyAMnA ekendriya mAnale Ahe. mAtI, pANI, vAyu i. vaijJAnikAMnA sajIva vATate kI nAhI, hA kharA prazna Ahe. mAtI va pANyAcyA sUkSma kaNAcyA athavA theMbAcyA AdhAre lAkho sUkSma baeNkTeriyA jagata asatAta ase vaijJAnika mhaNatAta. paraMtu khudda mAtI athavA pANI sajIva asalyAcA nirvALA AtAparyaMta dilA jAta navhatA. di. 1.9.2009 cyA dainika sakALamadhye DaoN. karve yAMcyA AlelyA lekhAnusAra, 'sUkSma jIva he dagaDa, mAtI
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________________ khAtAta'. yAcA artha asA kI, 'sajIva sajIvAMcAca AhAra karatAta' yA niSkarSAzI hA juLato. mAtIbAbatace he tathya kadAcita itarahI ekeMdriyAMnA lAgU paDela. DaoN. karve yAMnA varIla saMzodhanApUrvI ekeMdriyaviSayaka jaina mAnyatA mAhIta asaNe bahudhA saMbhavata nAhI. jaina zAstrAtIla jIvaviSayaka siddhAnta jIvazAstrAcyA abhyAsakAparyaMta pohocale tara kadAcita jIvavaijJAnikAMnA navIna dizA prApta hoIla. vanaspativiSayaka vicAra : DaoN. jagadIzacandra basU yAMnI kelele vanaspativiSayaka saMzodhana suprasiddha Ahe. tyAMnI vanaspatIMce sajIvatva ANi tyAMnA asaNAr2yA bhAvabhAvanA paddhatazIra prayogAMnI siddha karUna dAkhavilyA. ardhamAgadhI graMtha AcArAMga (zrutaskaMdha 1) yAmadhye vanaspatI ANi mANUsa yAMcI tulanA bha. mahAvIrAMnI prastuta kelI Ahe. tyAtIla vanaspativiSayaka nirIkSaNe DaoN. basUMcyA nirIkSaNAzI prAya: juLatAta. ___'mahAvIravANI' yA nAvAne prasiddha asalelyA aneka ardhamAgadhI graMthAMta taseca digaMbarIya graMthAMta, sRSTIviSayaka vividha nirIkSaNe bArakAIne noMdavilelI disatAta. tyAMnI kADhalele niSkarSa he pratyakSa nirIkSaNa va tyAviSayIce ciMtana yAvara AdhAralele hote ase na mAnatA, jaina paraMparene azA mahApuruSAMcyA nirIkSaNAlA va ciMtanAlA tyAMcyA sarvajJatkme AviSkAra' mAnale Ahe. naina graMthAMta sarva vanaspatInA napuMsaRtriI mAnanne baheta. bAna ane dvite jI sapuSpa vanaspatIMmadhye nara va mAvI azA vegavegaLyA vanaspatI asatAta. zivAya prAya: sarva phulAMmadhye strIkesara va puMkesarahI asatAta. sarva vanaspatIMcyA napuMsakaliMgatvAcA navyAne zodha gheNyAcI jarurI Ahe. jaina abhyAsakAMnI napuMsakaliMgatvA'cA artha navyAne samajAvUna gheNyAcI jarUrI Ahe. papaIsArakhyA jhADAMmadhye nara ANi mAdI asA bheda asato he sAmAnya mANUsahI jANato. maga he tathya AgamAMmadhIla nirIkSakAMcyA kakSetUna suTale asela ase mAnaNe yogya Tharata nAhI. mhaNUna napuMsakaliMga' yA zabdAcI cikitsA vhAyalA havI. jaina mAnyatenusAra vanaspatIcA mUla jIva eka Ahe ANi tyAcyA vibhinna avayavAMmadhye alaga alaga vibhinna asaMkhyAta jIva asatAta. vanaspatizAstrAnusAra, 'vanaspatI kevaLa vibhinna avayavAMcyA pezIMcA ekadusar2yAzI joDalelA saMghAta Ahe'. vijJAnAne, pUrNa vanaspatIta vyApta ekA jIvAlA mAnyatA dilelI nAhI. vRkSAcyA koNatyAhI avayavAcyA pezIcA DI.en.e. pAhUna ApaNa tyA vRkSAcI jAta oLakhU zakato. pezIMce alaga alaga astitva asUnahI tyAta je sAmya Ahe, te lakSAta gheUna, jaina graMthAMmadhye eka mUla jIva' ANi 'bAkI asaMkhyAta jIvAMcI' kalpanA sAMgitalI asAvI. vaijJAnika mAnyatenusAra vanaspatIMnA vividha iMdriye nAhIta. prAya: sarva iMdriyAMcI kArye tyA tvacemArphata karatAta. mhaNUnaca jaina zAstrAne vanaspatIMnA tvacA athavA sparzaneMdriya he ekaca iMdriya mAnale asAve. vaidika paraMpareta uttarakALAta AyurvedazAstra khUpa pragata jhAle. jaina paraMparetahI agadI prAraMbhakALAta AyurvedaviSayaka graMtha asAveta ase ullekha kAhI graMthAMta disatAta. paraMtu hiravyAgAra vanaspatisRSTIcA mAnavAcyA roganivAraNAsAThI vApara karUna gheNe he bahudhA ahiMsAtatvAcyA viruddha vATale asAve. mhaNUna sajIva vanaspatIMcI muLe, sAlI, pAne, phaLe i. yApAsUna kADhe, lepa, cUrNa i. tayAra kele gele nAhIta. auSadhayojanA karatAnA prAsukatekaDe lakSa dile gele. jIvAMcI iMdriyAMnusAra vibhAgaNI : jaina mAnyatenusAra pRthvI te vanaspatI yA jIvAMnA ekaca iMdriya Ahe (sparzana). kRmi, jaLU ANi aLyA yAMnA dona iMdriye Aheta (sparzana + rasana). muMgI, DhekUNa i. he trIMdriya Aheta (sparzana + rasana + ghrANa). bhuMgA, mAzI, viMcU ANi DAsa i. nA cAra iMdriye Aheta (sparzana + rasana + ghrANa + netra). manuSya, pazu, pakSI i. nA pAca iMdriye Aheta. jaina mAnyatenusAra sarpa hA paMceMdriya Ahe. Ajace sarpatajjJa spaSTa sAMgatAta kI sApAlA zroneMdriya' nAhI.
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________________ yAviSayI ekA jaina DaoNkTarAMzI kelelyA carcenusAra varIla iMdriyaviSayaka mAnyatA AjacyA prANizAstrAzI susaMgata nAhIta. dravyeMdriye va bhAveMdriye hI jaina vibhAgaNI sAMgUna sarva praznAMmadhUna suTakA karUna ghetA yeNAra nAhI. mUladravyAMcI saMkhyA : jaina siddhAntAnusAra pratyeka pudgalAvara eka varNa, eka rasa, eka gaMdha va dona sparza rAhatAta. ekaMdarita sarva varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparzAMcA guNAkAra karUna mUladravyAMcI saMkhyA 220 yete. sparzAMcA vicAra karatAnA 'baMdha' (Bonds) hA zabdahI mahattvAcA Ahe. AttA upalabdha aNuvijJAnAnusAra mUladravyAMcI (Elements) saMkhyA 114 Ahe. mahattvAcI bAba azI kI 'navIna mUladravya zodhUna kADhatAnA varNa-gaMdha-rasa-sparza yA cAra guNAMcA vicAra kelA jAto kA ?' yAcI cikitsA rasAyanazAstrajJAcyA madatIne karaNe Avazyaka Ahe. tiryaMcasRSTIcA vicAra : jaina zAstrAnusAra tiryaMcasRSTIta ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya sarva jIva yetAta. yethe mAtra maryAdita azA pazupakSIsRSTIcA vicAra karaNAra Ahota. gelyA 20 varSAta jIvasRSTIcyA nirIkSaNAce vijJAna vizeSaca pragata hota cAlale Ahe. sthalacara, nabhacara, jalacara ase vividha pazupakSI, kITaka, prANI yAMcyAvara AdhArita abhyAsa ANi philms yA naeNzanala jiogrAphika, aeNnimala plaeNneTa ANi DiskavharI i. caeNnelavara covIsa tAsa pradarzita hota asatAta. prAyaH yAMce abhyAsaka videzIca asatAta. bhAratAtIla DaoN. salIma alI, nIlimakumAra khaire, DaoN. kiraNa puraMdare i. kAhI mojakeca nisarganirIkSaka prasiddha Aheta. bhAratAtahI hA abhyAsa haLUhaLU pragata hota Ahe. jaina zAstrAtUna miLaNAre tiryaMcaviSayaka varNana atizaya sUkSma, vistRta ANi stimita karaNAre Ahe. iMdriye, gatI, AhAra, jJAna, saMyama, lezyA, kaSAya, guNasthAna va saMlekhanA i. aneka aMgAMnI tiryaMcAMcI jaina zAstrAta nirIkSaNe dilI Aheta. ekA philmamadhye jevhA Pride, Anger, Cruelty, Soberness azI zIrSake deUna vividha prANyAMce vyavahAra noMdaviNyAta Ale tevhA sAhajikaca jaina zAstrApramANe he kaSAyAMce AviSkAra Aheta ase vATale. hiMsra pazU kaDakaDUna bhUka lAgalyAkherIja zikAra karIta nAhI. annAcA parigraha karIta nAhI. siMha, vAgha he pakaDalelyA pazUce zarIra pUrNa niSprANa jhAlyAkherIja AhAra karIta nAhIta. aneka pazupakSyAMnA mRtyUcI cAhUla lAgalyAvara te dUra ekAMtata nighUna jAtAta. javaLajavaLa sarvaca prANyAMmadhIla vAtsalyabhAvanA atizaya prabaLa asate. sthalAMtara karaNAre pakSI viziSTa dizeneca jAtAtava parata yetAta. pazupakSyAMce vyavahAra prAya: aMta:preraNene cAlata asale tarI pratyekAcI vegavegaLI svabhAvavaiziSTyehI disatAta. tiryaMcAMnA asalele jAtismaraNa, tyAMnI dhAraNa kelelI saMlekhanA, tyAMcI guNazreNIMmadhye cauthyA guNasthAnAMparyaMta pragatI, ase ullekha vividha jaina graMthAMta vikhuralele disatAta. tiryaMcAMce jaina zAstranirdiSTa vartana prANyAMcyA manovaijJAnika bhASeta nakkIca mAMDatA yeIla. sammUrcchima jIva : jaina zAstrAnusAra muMgyA, kiDe, aLyA, DhekUNa, DAsa, mAzI, bhuMgA i. aneka kITaka sammUrcchima Aheta mhaNaje mAtApityAMcyA saMyogAzivAya te utpanna hotAta. Adhunika vijJAnAnusAra yA sarva kITakAMcI sUkSma aMDI asatAta. mAtra mANasAMcyA malamUtra i. 14 azucisthAnAtUna nirmANa hoNAre 'sammUrcchima manuSya' hI saMkalpanA vaijJAnika dRSTyAhI vizeSa lakSaNIya Ahe. Genetic Science cyA Adhunika saMzodhanAnusAra mANasAcyA malamUtra, garbhajala i. pAsUna tyA manuSyAcA DNA miLavitA yeto. asA DNA vikasita karUna kadAcita kRtrima manuSya tayAra karaNyAparyaMta vijJAna pragatI karU zakela. janukIya zAstrAcA zodhanibaMdha lihitAnA jaina zAstrAtIla etadviSayaka vicAra mAMDale gele pAhijeta ase prAmANika jaina abhyAsakAlA manApAsUna vATate.
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________________ bhUgolaviSayaka mAnyatA : ___jaina mAnyatenusAra madhyalokAta jambUdvIpAcyA madhomadha meruparvata Ahe. jambUdvIpAcyA bhovatI jambUdvIpAcyA duppaTa lavaNasamudra Ahe. tyAcyAbhovatI tyAcyA duppaTa dhAtakIkhaNDa Ahe. yApramANe sAta dvIpa ANi sAta samudrAMcI racanA Ahe. yAcA artha hI bhUgolaracanA atizaya AkhIvarekhIva va pramANabaddha Ahe. muLAtaca hA bhUgola phakta pRthvIcA Ahe, kI vizvAcyA kAhI bhAgAMcA Ahe kI, saMpUrNa vizvAcA Ahe, yAbAbata zaMkA yete. __ bhUmitizAstrAnusAra biMdU, rekhA, caukona va vartuLe yA sarva gaNitI saMkalpanA Aheta. pUrNa caukona, pUrNa vartuLa azI ekahI AkRtI nisargAta nisargata: disUna yeta nAhI. zivAya jaina zAstrAnusAra vizva koNI nirmANa kelele nahI. vizvAcA niyAmaka Izvara mAnalA asatA tara kadAcita yA AkhIvarekhIva kramAcI puSTI karatA AlI asatI. IzvarAsArakhyA sarvajJa prANyAkherIja ApoApa nirmANa jhAlelI sRSTI vara varNana kelyApramANe atizaya suniyojita va pramANabaddha kazI asU zakela ? jaina zAstrAtIla dvIpa va samudrAMce, samakAlIna dvIpa va samudrAzI nAte joDaNyAcA prayatna anekAMnI kelelA disato. jainAMnI to zraddhene mAnya kelA tarI bhUgolatajjJa to mAnya karaNAra nAhIta. AhAracikitsA : zAkAhAra hI jainAMcI oLakha Ahe. kevaLa zAkAhAraca navhe tara tyAcyAhI aMtargata pratyeka dhAnyAcA, bhAjIcA, phaLAcA, phulAcA kelelA sUkSma vicAra he jaina graMthAMce vaiziSTya Ahe. bhAvanika, mAnasika ANi dhArmika dRSTIne zAkAhAra hA sAttvika mAnalA jAto. sAdhUMnA prAyogya azA AhArAce varNana karaNAre aneka graMtha jaina zAstrAta 'piNDaiSaNA' zIrSakAne prasiddha Aheta. rojacyA AhArAta niyamopaniyamAMcI baMdhane ghAlUna gheNe he jaina dhArmikatece mukhya aMga banale Ahe. yAta AzcaryakAraka bAba azI kI anAsaktI arthAt nirAsaktIce tattva DoLyAsamora Thevale tara jaina vyaktIlA he kalpate kI - jo, jasA, jevhA, jitakA zAkAhAra miLela tyAtIla thoDA va yogya AhAra ghyAvA. Apale AhArAce niyama itarAMnA trAsadAyaka TharatIla ase zakyato gheU nayeta. ghetalyAsa ApalyA balabutyAvara nibhAvUna nyAveta. ApalyA khANyApiNyAce 'TaeNbU' nirmANa karaNe jaina AcArapaddhatIta basata nAhI. khANyApiNyAbAbata sahajatA va sAdhepaNA hI mUla tattve Aheta. __ DAeTiziyana jo Adarza AhAra sucavitAta tyAta gAjara-dudhI bhopaLA i. ce rasa, kaDuniMbAcI caTaNI. ukaDalelyA bhAjyA, moDa ANUna vAphavalelI kaDadhAnye, eka glAsa dUdha, sUpa, tAka, sarva phaLe i. goSTIMcA samAveza asato. kAhI viziSTa vyaktI vagaLalyAsa sarvasAmAnya mANasAlA asA AhAra satata gheNe azakya Ahe. AhArAcyA carvitacarvaNApekSA aneka utkRSTa goSTI jaina dharmAne AmhAlA vArazyAne dilyA Aheta. tyAMcA yogya dizene abhyAsa karUna tyA samAjApuDhe ANaNe he Apale Adya kartavya Ahe. tyAmuLe pUrNata: dhArmika AhAra, pUrNata: ArogyasaMpanna AhAra ANi pUrNata: tAmasa AhAra he tInahI atireka TALUna sAmAnya gRhiNIlA yogya poSaNAnye asalelA va cavadAra AhAra banavAvA lAgato. upasaMhAra : ___sadAcaraNa ANi zAMtatAmaya sahajIvana he dharmAce vyAvahArika uddiSTa Ahe. he uddiSTa pUrNa karaNyAsAThI jI jI dhArmika mUlye atyaMta upayogI TharatAta tI zraddhenehI mAnya karaNyAsa kAhI harakata nAhI. dhArmika graMthAta lihUna ThevalelI pratyeka goSTa vijJAnAcyA kasoTIvara siddha kelIca pAhije asA aTTAhAsahI karaNyAce kAhI kAraNa nAhI. zAMtatAmaya sahajIvanAsAThI jaina dharmAne samagra jIvasRSTiviSayaka nirIkSaNe tyA-tyA kALAta noMdavUna ThevalelI Aheta. jaina dhamIla saNe itara samakAlIna dharmAMcyA talaneta tyAtalyA tyAta adhika sakSma va vaijJAnika Aheta hI moThIca jamecI bAjU Ahe. **********
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________________ 18. bha. mahAvIrAMce tattvajJAna : Adhunika saMdarbhAta (jaina-marAThI-sAhitya-saMmelanAtIla vizeSa vyAkhyAna, miraja, me 2003) 25 eprila 2002 lA saMpaNAre varSa bha. mahAvIra janmakalyANaka varSa mhaNUna sarva bhAratabhara va saMpUrNa jagabhara moThyA thATAmATAne sAjare jhAle. bhavya meLAve, dimAkhadAra utsava, bhASaNe, pradIrgha carcAsatre, pustakAMce prakAzana samAraMbha, miravaNukA, pUjA, abhiSeka, spardhA, puraskAra azA anekavidha aMgAMnI he varSa sAjare jhAle. jaina dharma va tattvajJAnAcyA zreSThatecA udghoSa karaNAr2yA Avezamaya bhASaNAMcA ekaMdara sUra puDhIlapramANe hotA - 'dahazatavAda va yuddhasadRza paristhita jagAlA ahiMsAca tAraNAra Ahe. ahiMsA jaina vicArAMcI vizvAlA amola deNagI Ahe. ma. gAMdhIMnI ticA yathAyogya vApara kelA.nayavAda va anekAntavAda jaina dharmAce hRdaya Ahe, paMcamahAvrate he paMcaprANa Aheta. hA dharma vaizvika dharma hoNyAcyA yogyatecA Ahe. zAkAhAra va vyasanamuktIcyA caLavaLIMcyA rUpAne hA paradezAtahI gharogharI rUjata cAlalA Ahe. hA dharma pUrNAMzAne vaijJAnika Ahe. yAta nAhI ase jagAta kAhIca nAhI.' i.i. mahatI gANe, vizeSaNe lAvaNe athavA varNaneMkaraNe atizaya sope asate. thoDe bhASAkauzalya va vaktRtva asale kI ghaNAghAtI vidhAnAMnI tAsa-dona tAsa vyAsapITha gAjavaNaM kAhI phArase avaghaDa nAhI. jaina dharmAcA va tattvajJAnAcA pracAra va prasAra hoNyAsAThI jAstIta jAsta (vizeSataH ajaina) vyaktIMnA to paTavUna deNe Avazyaka Ahe. 'gRhamayUra' banUna svata:cyAca pisAr2yAvara mohita hoNyApekSA, yA dharmAcyA zreSThatecI kAraNamImAMsA detA yeNe phAra mahattvAce Ahe. rASTrIya, AMtararASTrIya agara vaizvika pAtaLIvara pohocaNyApUrvI ApaNa vecaka 12 mudyAMcyA sahAyyAne, yAcyA vizaSTyAMcI noMda Adhunika va vizeSata: vaiyaktika saMdarbhAta gheU. vyaktiza: yA tattvAce pAlana karaNe va jJAna miLaviNe atizaya jarUrIce Ahe, bhASaNabAjI navhe. 1) kevaliprajJapta paripUrNa dharma : jaina dharma va tattvajJAnAcyA itihAsAta DokAvatA, ase disate kI, bauddha dharmApramANe hA vyaktIpravartita nAhI va vaidika dharmApramANe vikasanazIlahI nAhI. mahAvIraca navhe tara RSabhadevAMcyA kALApAsUna hA kevaliprajJapta' Ahe. tattvajJAna va mUla AcaraNAcyA gAbhyAta AjatAgAyata navI bhara paDalelI nAhI. ulaTa, kSullaka goSTIMce nimitta karUna saMpradAya nirmANa karaNyAcI garhaNIya goSTa AmhI aneka zatake karIta Alo Ahota. zvetAMbara, digaMbara, tyAtahI sthAnakavAsI, mUrtipUjaka, terApaMthI, vIsapaMthI, soLApaMthI azA saMpradAyAnizI phuTIra svarUpAta jaina dharma vizvAlA sAmorA gelA, tara ApalyA ekasaMdha kevaliprajJapta paripUrNa anAdi dharmAvara koNI vizvAsa tarI Thevela kA ? 'svata:cyara sudhArA va magaca AmhAlA sudhArA' ase jaga ApalyAlA nAhI kA mhaNaNAra ? 2) dharmAcI bhASA koNatI asAvI? : saMskRta bhASecA AdhAra na ghetA, lokabhASA asalelyA 'ardhamAgadhI' nAvAcyA prAkRtAta upadeza deUna mahAvIrAMnI dharmabhASeviSayIcA eka kAyamacA daMDaka ghAlUna dilA, mahAvIrAMce bhASAviSayaka kArya puDhIla 6 oLIta pariNAmakAkapaNe sAMgatA yeIla - dharma ANi jIvanAcI phArakata hI jAhalI / gheunI dhyAnI jinAMnI goSTa hI ho sAdhalI / / saMskRtAcI baMda dAre dhADasAne ughaDalI / ANi tyAtuni lokabhASA sahaja kelI vAhatI / /
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________________ tuMbalelA dharma sArA khaLakhaLuni jhepAvalA / vagaLalelyA janamanAMcA ziMpatA kelA maLA || mahAvIrAMcyA yA krAMtIpAsUna sphUrtI gheUna ApaNahI mahAvIravANI va tice ciMtana bhAratAtIla va itara dezAtIlahI bolIbhASAMmadhye prabhAvIpaNe ANU yA. ApalyA mulAMnA mAtRbhASeta dharma zikavU. iMgrajIta bhASAMtara karUna nako. 3) jJAnamImAMsA : jaina darzanAne jJAnAce pAca bheda sAMgitale. mati, zruta, avadhi, mana: paryAya va kevalajJAna. jaina dRSTIneInformation Technology cyA yugAta koNatyAhI vaijJAnika sAdhanAne miLavilele jJAna phakta mAhitIcA dhabadhabA, mahApUra Ahe. mati-zruta naMtara tyAcI maryAdA saMpate. puDhacI jJAne bauddhika kuvatIzI nigaDita nAhItaca. prathama samyaktvAcI joDa miLAlI taraca mati-zrutahI samyak banate. zuddha cAritrAne AdhyAtmika pragatI kelI, taraca puDhIla jJAne AvirbhUta hotA. saoNkreTisahI 'knowledge is virtue', mhaNato to yAca arthAne ! 'to phAra jJAnI, paMDita Ahe. vaktRtva uttama Ahe. tyAcyA khAjagI AyuSyAta to kAhI kA karenA !' hA dRSTikoNa jaina darzanAsa saMmata nAhI. zuddha AcaraNa nasalelyAce jJAna, jaina darzanAcyA dRSTIne pokaLa va AtmaghAtaka Ahe. svata: bharapUra parigraha karaNAr2yA mANasAce aparigrahAvarIla vyAkhyAna aikUna itara loka kase aparigrahI hoNAra ? praznaca Ahe. 4) samanvayavAda : kAryakAraNasiddhAMta aso, saptabhaMgInaya aso agara AtmakalyANAcA mArga aso, mahAvIrAMnI itarAMce siddhAMta sarvasvI phulI mArUna kadhIca dhikkArale nAhIta. itarAMcyA pratipAdanAtIla satya aMza satata grahaNa kele. bauddha vAGmayA jo satata itarAMvarIla TIkecA sUra disato tasA jaina sAhityAta (vizeSataH AgamAta) javaLajavaLa nagaNya disato. bhagavadgItene jJAnamArga, saMnyAsamArga, bhaktimArga, dhyAnamArga, karmamArga ase vividha adhyAyAta kathana kelele disatAta. jaina dharmAne ekAca AcArAce darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa va vIrya ase pAca bheda kalpile. bhagavatI ArAdhanene catuSkaMdha ArAdhanA sAMgitalyA. uttarAdhyayanAne 28 vyA mokSamArgagati adhyayanAta spaSTapaNe noMdavile. nANeNa jANaI bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya saddahe / cAritteNa nigiNhAI, taveNa parisujjhaI / / utta 28.35 - umAsvAtIMnI pahilyAca sUtrAta darzana, jJAna, cAritrAcA samanvaya kelA. kuTuMbAta, parivArAta, gAvAta, vyApArAta, sarva vyavahArAtaca samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa vyavahAranayAcyA dRSTInehI phAyadezIraca nAhI kAya ? kevaLa naphyAkaDe baghU tattve guMDALUna kasehI vAgaNyAcA 'samanvayavAda' nako bare kA ! 5) viveka va apramAda : AtmakalyANAcI kAsa dharalelyA ArAdhakAsAThI mahAvIrAMnI satata apramAda (besAvadhapaNAcA va bephikIrIcA abhAva) sAMgitalA Ahe. gautama gaNadharAMsArakhyA pAragAmI vyaktIlAhI tyAMnI to vAraMvAra sAMgitalA, tethe tumacyAAmacyAsArakhyA sAmAnyajanAMcA kAya pADa ? dharmAcaraNa karatAnA 'dehalI-dIpanyAyA'ne hA vivekarUpI divA tevata ThevalA tara ApoApaca toMDUna zabda umaTatAta -
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________________ mAjhyA jIvA - ekAsana byAsana, belA, telA jamela tevaDheca kara tapa / DoLyAta tela ghAlUna divA, aMta:karaNAmadhye japa / / (jJAnadIpa) sairAvairA kuThe dhAvatosa, Theca lAgalI puDhaM bagha / baMda dAra Ahe puDhaM, parata jarA mAge vaLa / / (pratikramaNa) tujhe jJAna nusatI mAhitI, pakke dhyAnI dharUna cala / jJAna tujhyAta hoIla prakaTa, zuddha kelaMsa taraca mana / / (triratna) tI bhalatyAvara ThevU nako, zraddhA moThaMca Ahe baLa / / (samyaktva) nITa pArakhUna Theva svata:vara, sAre dUra karUna sala / / (zalyoddhAra) dara kSaNI, dara pAvalI, thoDA puDhaM puDhaM sara / pravAsa haLU jhAlA tarI, nakkI bheTela zAzvata ghara / / (guNasthAne agara zreNI) veLevArI sArA pasArA, AtA AvarUna sAvarUna nIgha / mAge vaLUna pAhU nako, zraddhAMjalIcIhI rIgha / / (anAsaktI) dusare kaMTALaNyAcyA AdhI, bar2yA bolAnaM mukkAma halava / / (paMDitamaraNa) itakaM sopaM samajU nako, karmodayAcaMca havaM pAThabaLa / / (saMlekhanA) 6) kaSAyAMvara niyaMtraNa : ApalyAlA sarvAMnA pATha Aheta hI nAvaM ! ghaDAghaDA mhaNUna dAkhavato. krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, tyAMcyAvara rAjya mohAcaM, tyAcyA muLAzI rAga-dveSa, tyAMnA jiMkaNAre jina, AtmyAlA kasaNAre kaSAya. kaSAya mhaNaje kADhA agara cahA. vaidika darzanAta SaDripu - kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, matsara, jaina darzanAta anaMtAnubaMdhI te saMjvalana se ekUNa 16 prakAra sAMgitale Aheta. ApaNa Ahota sAmAnya saMsArI zrAvaka. saMpUrNa vItarAgI, nirvikAra, madhyastha azI patnI, mAtA koNAlA tarI rUcela kAya ? ApalyAta kaSAya rahANAraca. paraMtu saMjvalanAcyA dizenaM pravAsAcA yatna vhAvA' hIca sadicchA ! 7) svAvalaMbana : mahAvIrAMnI sAMgitalele svAvalaMbana mukhyata: AdhyAtmika svAvalaMbana Ahe. jaganniyaMtA, tAraNahAra, avatAradhArI Izvara jaina darzanAta saMmata nAhI. 'appA kattA vikattA ya' ase he svAvalaMbana Ahe. gharAta ApaNa sAdhA pANyAcA glAsahI dusar2yAkaDe satata mAgata asU, kuThalIca kAme svata:cI svata: karIta nasU, AjI-AjobAMcI niMdA karIta asU, koNatehI mata svataMtrapaNe mAMDU zakata nasU tara he kAya svAvalaMbana jhAlaM ? ekaMdarIta zArIrika va bauddhika pApaNA javaLa asela tara AtmyAcyA svAvalaMbanAcyA goSTI ApaNa karU zakato kAya ? 8) aparigraha : 'pari + graha' mhaNaje cohobAjUne grahaNa karaNe. tattvArthasUtrAnusAra vastU mhaNaje parigraha nasUna AsaktI hA parigraha Ahe. 'murchA parigrahaH' aparigrahAcA Aja ApalyAlA upayukta artha lAvU yA. sAmAnya mANasAnaM aparigrahI vhAyacaM tarI kasaM? dhAnyAcA sAThA karaNaM hA jarI parigraha, tarI kIDa muLIca lAgU na detA, kaNa n kaNa mukhI ghAlaNaM hAca aparigraha ! / / 1 / /
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________________ bharapUra svayaMpAka karaNaM hA jarI parigraha, tarI apuraM anna na karaNaM, an ziLaM na uraNyAcI khabaradArI gheNaM hAca aparigraha ! ||2 || navanavIna phaeNzanace kapaDe gheta rahANaM, hA jarI parigraha, tarI junyAcA lobha lacakA na ThevatA, veLevArI deUna TAkata rahANaM, hAca aparigraha ! ||3 || AraDAoraDA karUna, dhapATe ghAlUna mulAMnA abhyAsAlA basaviNaM, hA jarI parigraha, tarI mulAMcyA buddhIcyA maryAdA oLakhUna, tyAMnA resacyA ghoDyAsArakhaM na paLaviNaM, va itara huSAra mulAMcA dveSa na karaNaM, hAca aparigraha // 4 // jIva TAkUna, jIva lAvUna, mulaM mulaM karUna, lADa karaNaM va vaLaNa lAvaNaM hA jarI parigraha, tarI mhAtArapaNacI kAThI mhaNUna, DoLe lAvUna na basaNaM, hAca kharA aparigraha / / 5 / svata:cyA bhogopabhogAMcI tajavIja hA jarI parigraha, tarI koNAce hisakAvUna na gheNyAcI jANa, va garajUMnA eka TakkA tarI deNyAcI vRttI, hA aparigraha || 6 || jIvana sukhakara karAyalA, khUpazI sAdhanaM jamaviNaM, hA jarI parigraha, tarI tyAtalaM ekhAda-dusaraM nasalaM, kiMvA moDalaM, tarI nibhAvUna netA yeNaM hAca aparigraha || 7 || ghANyAcyA bailAsArakhaM, upajIvikecyA sAdhanAMmAgaM, cakrAkAra phirata rahANaM hA jarI parigraha, tarI divasAkAThI tAsabhara tarI svataMtrapaNe ciMtana, vAcana hAca aparigraha // 8 // 9) paryAvaraNa rakSaNa va UrjAbacata : Adhunika yugAce paravalIce zabda Aheta he ! tyAsAThI ApaNa saura UrjA, Thibaka siMcana, pANI aDavA-pANI jiravA, vRkSAropaNa, vanasaMvardhana ase hajAro kAryakrama rAbavIta asato. jaina darzanAnaM yA sarva caLavaLIMnA saMpUrNata: tattvajJAnAcAca pAyA prApta karUna dilA Ahe. jaina dRSTInaM paMcamahAbhUte hI jaDa va paramANUMpAsUna banalelI nasUna, ekeMdriya jIva Aheta. pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika, tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika va vanaspatikAyika jIvAMzI ApaNa kase vartana karato, kAya binadhAsta kheLa karato te jarA kAvyamaya paddhatInaM mAMDate. veSa kavitecA asalA tarI gAbhA tattvAMcA Ahe, he sUjJAMsa sAMgaNe nalage ! 'AMdaNa' sarva jagaca jaNU AMdaNa ghetalyAsArakhe vAgato ApaNa / trasa - sthAvara jIvAMpaikI, sthAvarAMcaMca evaDhaM kathana / AtA he pRthvIkAyika jIva pRthvIkAyika jIva ApalyA pAyAkhAlacA mAmalA / kasaMhI karUna kucalA, khaNA, kADhA, ucalA / / -
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________________ koLasAhI ApalA an sonaMhI ApalaM / boariMganaM cheda gheU, te pANIhI ApalaM / / DoMgara uDavUna sAraM kAhI bhuIsapATa karU / zeta-maLe ukhaNUna tithaM navyA vastyA sajavU // navanavIna vANAMnA, bharamasATha khataM ghAlU / jamIna-kasa jAU de khaDDayAta, 'kRSi - mitra' satkAra gheU // 1 // AtA he apkAyika jIva - apkAyika suddhA Ahe, ApalyAca bApAcA mAla / hapApAcA mAla mhaNUna kitI kitI pyAla ? vahAtaM pANI sAThavU, sAThalelaM pANI vAhavU / samudra mAge haTavU, dimAkhAta kaoNlanI uThavU / / mAse mhaNaje pANa-bhAjI, jAtA yetA khuDUna gheU / hoDyA, jahAje cAla-cAlavUna nadyA, samudra pAra karU / / jalasaMpattI nisargAcI vAremApa kazIhI luTU / minaralacyA nAvAkhAlI dahA rupaye liTara vikU // 2 // AtA he vAyukAyika jIva - phuphphusAcyA paMpAMnI, havA Ata gheU ANi soDU / ApalI zuddha havA ApaNa aneka kAraNAMnI bighaDavU ticyA dAbAvara ApaNa, lahAnamoThI yaMtre banavU / cAkAta bharUna hIca havA, jaminIvara phirata rAhU || tejaskAyika upakaraNAMnI, havelAhI veThIsa dharU / ApalyA marjInusAra tilA garama-gAra karIta rAhU ||3|| AtA he agnikAyika jIva - pRthvIkAya koLasApAsUna tejaskAya vIja banavU / vAyukAyika pavanacakkInaM navanavIna kAmaM rAbavU // apkAyApAsUna vIja moTha cA kauzalyAnaM nirmU / agnibANa an aNusphoTAMnI svazaktIcI stotraM garjU // jamIna - AkAza-pAtALAta lakSAvadhI vahAnaM cAlavU / ApalA nisarga-vijaya mhaNUna ApalI ApalIca zekhI // 4 // AtA he vanaspatikAyika jIva 1 vanaspatIMcA ApalyAbAbata Ahe nAjUka mAmalA / prazna poTAcA Ahe, jarA haLU haLU boMbalA / / je je disalaM jhADAvara, gupacUpa poTAta ricavalaM / TanAvarI dhAnya, phaLaM, bhAjI, dudhahI khUpa cApalaM / / tRNabhakSI rUcakara jIva, jibhalyA cATata pacavile / vastraM viNalI, gharaM bAMdhalI, bagIcehI ubhArale // prayogazALeta bhAvabhAvanA vanaspatIMcyA siddha kelyA / AmacyA bothaTa manAparyaMta kazA bare tyA pohocAvyA ?
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________________ jineMdrAMnI dilI dRSTI, hI tara ekeMdriyAMcI sRSTI / hiMsA - caurya - parigrahAvaraca, ubhAralIy mAnavI saMskRtI | saMskRtI soDU zakata nAhI, badalU zakato ApalI najara / gautamAMcI apramattatA ThevU, manAcyA taLAzI sadaiva hajara !! sArAMza kAya ? ekeMdriya jIvAMnA abhaya mhaNaje paryAvaraNa rakSaNa navhe kAya ? 10) pratikUla paristhitIzI sAmanA : yA mudyAlA tattvajJAnAta sthAna lAbhalaM Ahe te parISaha va upasargAMcyA rUpAnaM ! 22 parISaha va trividha upasargAMnA mahAvIrAMnI karmanirjarece sAdhana mAnale ! jarA manAviruddha, pratikUla jhAlaM kI vyavahArAta ApalA tola jAto. ciDaciDa hote. zIta-uSNa-daMza-mazaka yAMcA bhayaMkara trAsa hoto. mAnasika parISaha tara AmhAlA manorugNatecyA pAtaLIparyaMta neUna pohocavitAta. duherI upayogI Ahe hA karmanijarecA siddhAMta ! zArIrika, mAnasika Arogya Thevato vaAtmyAcIhI unnatI karato. dahazatavAdI kAravAyA agara zatrUMcyA AkramaNAlA mAtra parISaha mAnUna karmanijarece sAdhana mAnaNe bhayaMkara ghAtaka Tharela. rASTrIya pAtaLIvarIla praznAMsAThI vyavahAranayAne rASTrIya asmitAca yogya Tharela ! 11) ni:zalyIkaraNa : koNatehI vrata grahaNa karaNyApUrvI mAnasika zalye dUra karaNaM atyAvazyaka Ahe ase jaina darzanAce pratipAdana Ahe. hI eka prakAracI zalyakriyA mhaNaje sarjarIca Ahe. kapaTa, DhoMga, aMdhavizvAsa, ekamekAMviSayIce gairasamaja, kiMtu tyAce dveSAta jhAlele rUpAMtara, yA sarvAMmuLe ApalI manaM nehamI TAcaNIgharAsArakhyA pin-holder) avastheta asatAta. khrizcana dharmAta confession ritual yAsAThIca Ahe. mahAbhAratAta, bhISmAMcA "zarapaMjara" malA kAyama yA zalyoddhArAcI AThavaNa karUna deta AlA Ahe. 12) striyAMnA asalele vaiziSTyapUrNa sthAna : jaina AgamAta, 2600 varSApUrvI hoUna gelelyA aneka striyAMce yathArtha darzana ghaDate. puruSa AcAryAMnI hajAro varSe toMDI paraMparene japalelyA yA AgamAMmadhUna itakyA prabhAvI striyAMce kArya ApalyAparyaMta pohocale Ahe. tIrthaMkaramallI, sAdhvI rAjImatI, AryA caMdanA, rANI kamalAvatI, kanakadhvaja rAjAcI patnI padmAvatI, thApatyA gRhapatnI, zaMkha zrAvakAcI patnI utpanna, jijJAsU zrAvikA jayaMtI, spaSTavaktI agnimitrA, bhAtazetIta pravINa va arthasallAgAra snuSA rohiNI, 18 dezI bhASAta vizArada azA devadattA, anaMgasenA, kAmadhvajesArakhyA gaNikA asaMkhya kartRtvavAn striyA Aheta yA Agama va AgamaTIkAgraMthAMmadhye ! he sthAna tyAMnI miLavile Ahe ApalyA cAritryAcyA va kauzalyAcyA baLAvara ! jai dharmAta asalele he striyAMce sthAna Adhunika strI caLavaLIMnAhI sphUrtiprada Tharela ! ... upasaMhAra : varIla 12 mudde kevaLa digdarzanAkhAtara Aheta. yA darzanAtIla javaLajavaLa sagaLyAca goSTI sadAsarvakALa svIkAraNIyaca Aheta. sarvAta mahattvAcA Ahe pratyekAnaM svayaMpreraNenaM kelelA abhyAsa va tyAtUna hoNArI 'svasAmarthyAcI jANIva' ! jaya jineMdra ! jaya bhArata !! **********
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________________ 19. jaina ANi hiMdU dharma : sAmya-bhedAtmaka nirIkSaNe (brahmamahatisAgara jaina sAhitya saMzodhana keMdra : dahigAMva ANi jaina adhyAsana puNe vidyApITha, yAMcyA saMyukta vidyamAne __ Ayojita carcAsatrAta vAcalelA zodhanibaMdha, mArca 2010) lekhaka : DaoN. anItA botharA mArgadarzaka : DajeM. nalinI jozI prastAvanA: 'jaina va vaidika paraMparA : sAmya-bhedAtmaka nirIkSaNe', hA viSaya ekA moThyA prabaMdhAcAca viSaya Ahe. tathApi sumAre gelyA 15 varSAtIla vAcana va ciMtanAtUna, jaina va vaidika paraMparA yAMcyA sAmya-bhedAMvara AdhArita, jI nirIkSaNe DoLyAsamora AlI, tI saMkSepAne ekatrita noMdaviNyAsAThI, hA zodhalekha lihaNyAcA prayAsa kelA Ahe. gelI kimAna pAca varSe tarI, bhAratabharAtalyA aneka seminAra ANi kaoNnpharansesalA jAUna, jaina ANi vaidika paraMparAMmadhIla mudyAMvara AdhArita ase, taulanika zodhalekha prastuta kele. tyAveLI asA anubhava AlA kI, vaidika, hiMdu va brAhmaNa yA tInahI zabdAMvara, anekadA AkSepa ghetale gele. jaina, bauddha ANi AjIvaka yA tIna vicAradhArA, nizcitapaNe zramaNa paraMparecyA mAnalyA jAtAta. tyA soDUna vedAMpAsUna cAlU hoUna brAhmaNa, AraNyaka, upaniSade, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, sahA darzane ANi zaiva, vaiSNava i. saMpradAya, yA sarvAMnA ekA vicAradhAreta guMphUna, tyAlA AmhI vaidika, hiMdU va brAhmaNa saMpradAya ase saMbodhato. sAmya-bhedAtmaka nirIkSaNe * pravRttiparakatA ANi nivRttiparakatA * atizaya sAkalyAne arthAt saMgrahanayAne vicAra kelyAsa, jaina paraMparA va ekaMdarItaca zramaNa paraMparA yA, nivRttigAmI ANi vairAgya va tapAlA prAdhAnya deNAr2yA Aheta. vaidika paraMparA prAdhAnyAne, pravRttigAmI ANi aihika jIvanAlA prAdhAnya deNArI Ahe. jaina paraMparene nehamIca sAdhudharma hA pradhAna mAnUna, agrasthAnI ThevalA Ahe. amRtacaMdrAcAryAMnI yAvara 'puruSArthasiddhayupAyAta' cAMgalAca prakAza TAlA Ahe. yAulaTa vaidikAMce smRti i. AcAraviSayaka graMtha prAmukhyAne gRhasthadharmAlAca keMdrasthAnI ThevatAta. jaina paraMpareta zrAvakAcAra arthAt gRhasthAcAra dekhIla vistArAne sAMgitalA Ahe. tarIhI zrAvakAcyA pratyeka vratAMmadhye pariNAma arthAt maryAdelA mahattva dile Ahe.4 vaidika paraMparetahI tattvaciMtanAlA prAdhAnya deNArI upaniSade ANi saMnyAsadharmAce vivecana karaNAre graMtha arthAtaca Aheta. tarI bahusaMkhyene asalelyA gRhasthAMsAThI yajJa, pUjA-arcA, saNa-vAra, vrata-vaikalya yAMcyA rUpAne ekaMdara AcArAtUna pravRttipradhAnatecAca ThasA umaTato. * kAlAnurUpa badala * vaidika paraMparetIla daivatazAstrAkaDe najara TAkalI tara ase disate kI, RgvedApAsUna te uttarakAlIna purANAMparyaMta tyAMce daivatazAstra vikasita hota rAhile. iMdra, varuNa, rudra, viSNu, uSA azA vaidika devatAMpaikI kAhI lopa pAvatyA tara kAhIMce vyaktimatva vegavegaLe aMza misaLUna badalata gele. mhaNUnaca vedAtIla zipiviSTa 'viSNu' hA, purANAtIla avatAradhArI viSNupekSA pUrNata: badalUna gelelA disato. tyAcapramANe RgvedAmadhye vAdaLI vAr2yAMcI devatA asalele
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________________ 'rudra' he, kAlAMtarAne kailAsanivAsI zaMkarAce paryAyavAcI nAva jhAle.5 daivata zAstrAce jase badalate svarUpa disate, tase yajJa saMkalpanecehI badalate svarUpa ApalyAlA vaidika paraMpareta disate. Aja jyAlA ApaNa hiMdudharma mhaNato, to spaSTataH devIdevatAMcyA upAsanAMvara AdhArita asA bhaktipradhAna dharma Ahe va to aneka saMpradAyAMnI yukta Ahe. kAlAnurUpa badala va parivartane karUna, jAstIta jAsta lokAMnA ekatritapaNe TikavUna dharaNyAce kAma, vaidika paraMparene kelele disate. jaina paraMparetahI kAlAnurUpa parivartane tara disatAta paNa Sadravye, navatattve, karmasiddhAMta, anekAMtavAda ANi sAdhu va zrAvakAcAra yA mULa gAbhyAlA pradIrgha kAlAvadhItahI dhakkA lAgalA nAhI. parivartane hota gelI tarI tI jaina paribhASeta mAMDAyacI jhAlI tara, paryAyAtmaka parivartane Aheta dravyAtmaka nAhIta. pArzvanAthapraNita cAturyAmadharma mahAvIMnI paMcayAma kelA. saMghAta sacelaka va acelaka dohoMnAhI sthAna dile. AjaghaDIlA maMdiramArgI jainAMvara spaSTata: hiMdudharmAcyA pUjAvidhIcA prabhAva disato. tarIhI Sadravye, navatattve i. varIla sarva mudde abAdhita rAhile Aheta. pUjAsthAnI Adarzat mhaNUna vItarAgI jinAMcIca sthApanA kelI jAte. badalatyA kALAnusAra sarvasvI vegavegaLI navIna ArAdhya daivate nirmANa jhAlI nAhIta. * mokSa va mokSamArga * ___ vaidika paraMparA aso athavA jaina paraMparA aso, donhI bhAratIya saMskRtIcIca apatye asalyAne, tyAMmadhye nAtipAlanAitakeca (ethics) AdhyAtmikatelAhI (spiritualism) mahattva rAhile. tyAmuLe dohoMnIhI mAnavI AyuSyAce aMtima dhyeya mokSaca mAnale. paraMtu yAtahI pharaka asA Ahe kI, jaina paraMparene prAraMbhIpAsUnaca mokSa puruSArthAlA adhekhita kele Ahe tara abhyAsaka ase mhaNatAta kI, dharma, artha ANi kAma yA tIna puruSArthAMnAca vaidika paraMpareta AraMbhI prAdhAnya hote. zramaNa paraMparecyA prabhAvAneca mokSa hA puruSArtha, mahAbhArata kALApAsUna prAmukhyAne najaresamora AlA. sAMkhyamArga athavA jJAnamArga, bhaktimArga, niSkamakarmayogamArga athavA dhyAnamArga azI mokSAkaDe neNAr2yA mArgAMcI vividhatA ANi tyAMcI svataMtratA, he vaidika paraMparece vaiziSTya Ahe. bhagavadgItetIla adhyAyAMcyA nAvAMvarUnasuddhA he spaSTa hote. jaina paraMparene mAtra AraMbhApAsUnaca 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / ' he sUtra svIkArale. paraMtu he tIna vegavegaLe mArga nasUna, tinhIMcI samanvita ArAdhanAca mokSamArgAta apekSita Ahe, ase pratipAdana kele Ahe. * Izvara saMkalpanA* vaidika paraMparetIla vividha graMthAta, Izvara saMkalpaneviSayI saMbhramAvasthA disate. vedAta devadevatA asalyA tarI tyAMnA nakkI deva athavA Izvara ase saMbodhita kelele nAhI. brAhmaNagraMthAta anekadA 'yajJo vai devaH' ase varNana dasate. 'kasmai devAya haviSA vidhema ?' asAhI prazna upasthita kelelA disato. rAmAyaNa va mahAbhAratAcyA akheracyA bhAgAta, tyAMnA devatva Alele disate. puDhe purANakALAta tara tyAMcI avatArAtaca gaNanA jhAlI. sAMkhya darzanAta puruSAMce asaMkhyatva sAMgitale asale tarI, IzvarAlA svataMtra sthAna nAhI. yogadarzanAta mAtra 'klezakarmavipAkAzayairaparAmRSTaH puruSavizeSa IzvaraH / 11 azI IzvarAcI vyAkhyA dilI Ahe. paNa te eka kI aneka yAbAbata yogadarzana mauna pALate. __ vaidika paraMparetIla purANa graMthAta utpattI, sthitI va pralayAce pravartaka ase tIna deva mAnalele disatAta. Aja pracalita hiMdudharmAta brahmA, viSNu va maheza yA tIna devatAMnA ananyasAdhAraNa mahattva Ahe. __jaina paraMparene AraMbhApAsUnaca sRSTIcyA kartA-dhartA-vinAzakA IzvarAcI saMkalpanAca mAnalelI nAhI. sRSTIlA anAdi-anaMta mAnUna, jIvAMce niyaMtraNa karaNAre tattva mhaNUna, karmasiddhAMtAlA agrasthAnI Thevale Ahe. jaina paraMparA aMtima zuddha avasthA prApta kelelyA sarva jIvAMnA, paramAtmA athavA Izvara yA nAvAne saMbodhate. paNa he Izvara sRSTIcI utpattI, pAlana i. kazAmadhyehI sahabhAga gheta nAhIta. tyAMce caitanyamaya astitva mAtra satata asate.
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________________ ekaMdarIta vaidika paraMpareta Izvara saMkalpaneviSayIcI jI saMbhramAvasthA disate tI jaina paraMpareta disata nAhI. kAraNa jaina paraMparene devalokAtIla deva va mokSagAmI paramAtmA yA donhIhI sarvathA vegaLyA mAnalyA Aheta. * karmasiddhAMta donhI paraMparAMnI karmasiddhAMtAlA mahattva dile Ahe. paraMtu jaina paraMpareta tyAce vizleSaNa va upayojana atizaya susaMbaddhapaNe, tArkikatene va vistArAne kele Ahe. vaidika paraMpareta saMcita, prArabdha va kriyamANa he tIna zabda mukhyataH yetAta. 12 bhagavadgIteta karma, vikarma ANi akarma yA zabdAMcA vAraMvAra upayoga kelA Ahe. 13 paNa tyAtUna karmasiddhAMtAce ekatrita citra va svarUpa muLIsuddhA spaSTa hota nAhI. yAulaTa SaTkhaMDAgamAsArakhyA prAcInatama graMthAtUna, karmasiddhAMtAcyA vivecanAlA suravAta hoUna, puDhe puDhe digaMbara va zvetAMbara doghAMnIhI yAvara AdhArita ase svataMtra karmagraMthaca nirmANa kele. kiMbahunA jaina sAhityAta karmasAhityAcI eka zAkhAca nirmANa jhAlI. jaina darzanAta asalelI sAta tattvAMcI sAkhaLI, karmAMcyA AdhAreca joDalelI Ahe. jIva va ajIva yAMcyA saMyoga va viyogAne karmAMcA Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA va mokSa hota asato. jaina siddhAMtAnusAra pratyeka jIva hA, ApApalyA pratyeka karmAcA kartA va bhoktA asalyAmuLe, tyAta madhyasthI karaNAr2yA IzvarAlA koNatehI sthAna nAhI. 'tyAmuLe sAhajikaca karmasiddhAMta adhikAdhika pallavita jhAlA. 14 * pUrvajanma va punarjanmaviSayaka dhAraNA donhI paraMpareta yA dhAraNa samAna asalyA tarI, jaina paraMparevara yAMcA pagaDA itakA dRDha Ahe kI, pratyeka jaina caritagraMthAta ANi kathAgraMthAta anivAryapaNe pUrvabhavAMce va pazcAtbhavAMce varNana yeteca. karmasiddhAMta agrabhAgI asalyamuLe pUrvabhava va pazcAtabhavAMce varNana hA kathAMcA avibhAjya bhAga TharalA. yAulaTa pUrvajanma va punarjanma mAnale asale tarI vaidika paraMparetIla kathApradhAna graMthAMmadhye pUrvabhava va pazcAtbhava yAMcyA citraNAvara bhara dilelA disata nAhI. * dAna saMkalpanA * vaidika va jaina donhI paraMparetIla dAna saMkalpaneta sAmya asUnahI tyAMce aviSkAra mAtra ApApalyA siddhAMtAMnA anusarUna vegavegaLe jhAle Aheta. donhI paraMpareta dAna he dharmAce ANi puNyaprAptIce sAdhana Ahe. dAnAne miLaNAre jAstIta jAsta phaLa he svargaprAptI Ahe. nityadAnAce mahattva donhI paraMparAMmadhye disate. paraMtu naimittika ANi yadAnAMcA vicAra brAhmaNa paraMpareta disato. brAhmaNa paraMpareta 'jJAnadAnAlA' eka viziSTa pavitra darjA dilelA disato. jaina paraMpareta 'ahiMsA' va sarvajIvarakSaNAcyA bhAvanetUna 'abhayadAnAcA' mahimA varNilelA disato. 'grahaNa, parvakALa, zrAddha, tIrthakSetra i. prasaMgI vizeSa dAna karAve', ase nirdeza brAhmaNa paraMpareta ADhaLatAta. tIthIMce va kSetrAMce pAvitrya, pitRloka ANi tarpaNa i. saMkalpanA jaina zAstrAta basata nasalyAmuLe, sAgAradharmAmRtakArAne azA prakAracyA dAnAMcA spaSTapaNe virodha kelA Ahe. jaina paraMparene dAna saMkalpanelA kevaLa puNya saMkalpaneparyaMta maryAdita Thevalele nAhI. dAnAlA saiddhAMtika AdhArahI dile. samyaktvAcyA ATha aMgAmadhye vAtsalya va prabhAvanecyA rUpAne 15, zrAvakAcArAta atithIsaMvibhAgavratAcyA rUpAnedd, sAdhuAcArAta upadezarUpAne 7, dAna - zIla-tapa-bhAva yA catuSTayItUna dharmAcyA vyAvahArika rUpAne", pratyAkhyAnAcyA kriyemadhye abhayadAnAcyA rUpAneM, AThakarmAtIla vedanIya, aMtarAya va tIrthaMkaranAmakarmAcyA rUpAne 20 jainasiddhAMta va AcArAta dAnAce asalele ananya sAdhAraNa sthAna spaSTa disate. pariNAmI ahiMsA va tapAitakeca, dAna hehI jaina paraMparece vaiziSTya banale.
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________________ * vratavicAra * vaidika paraMpareta Rgveda kALAta, 'dhArmika athavA pavitra pratijJA kiMvA AcAraNasaMbaMdhI nibaMdha', yA arthAne 'vrata' zabdAcA prayoga hota hotA. brAhmaNagraMthAta 'vyaktIcA viziSTa vartanakrama athavA upavAsa', yA donhI arthAMnI 'vrata' zabda yeU lAgalA.22 smRtigraMthAta prAyazcittAce vidhAna' vratarUpAne Ale.23 purANagraMthAta tisar2yA-cauthyA zatakApAsUna dahAvyA zatakAparyaMta, vratAMce svarUpa va uddeza badalata gele va saMkhyA vRddhiMgata hota gelI. vratAMcyA mULa arthAMmadhye saMkalpita kRtya, saMkalpa, pratijJA va icchA he artha joDale gele. tyAmuLe vratAMnA aihikatA, kAmyatA prApta jhAlI. vrate karaNyAsa striyAMnA va nimna varNiyAMnAhI sthAna miLAle. hI vrate atyaMta AkarSaka svarUpAcI hotI. jainadharmAta AgamakALApAsUna 'vrata' zabdAtIla 'vRt' kriyApadAcA artha maryAdA ghAlaNe, niyaMtraNa karaNe, rokaNe, saMyama karaNe asA hotA. mhaNUnaca jaina paraMpareta vratAsAThI virati, viramaNa ase zabda yetAta. yAca arthAne jainAMnI pUrNa viratIlA 'mahAvrata' va AMzika viratIlA 'aNuvrata' mhaTale Ahe.26 hI vrate prAsaMgika nasUna Ajanma paripAlana karaNyAcI Aheta. hiMdudharmAmadhye paurANika kALAta jasajase vratAMce svarUpa badalata gele, tasatasA jaina samAja va vizeSata: mahilAvarga, tyAkaDe AkRSTa hoU lAgalA asAvA. tyAmuLe akarAvyA zatakApAsUna paMdharAvyA zatakAparyaMta, jainasamAjAtahI AcAryAMnI vidhi-vidhAnAtmaka vratAMcA pracAra kelA. jainAMcyA donhI saMpradAyAta pratimA, pUjA, vidhividhAne, pratichA, yaMtra-maMtra i. cA samAveza jhAlA. pariNAmI lokAzAhasArakhyA zrAvakAsa, mUrtipUjevirUddha sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya sthApana karaNyAcI preraNA jhAlI. hiMdU ANi jaina samAja satata saMparkAta asalyAmuLe, tyAMcyAmadhye aneka goSTIMce AdAna-pradAna kase hote gele asAve, yAvara vara varNana kelelA vratAMcA itihAsa, he eka bolake udAharaNa Ahe. * samAdhimaraNa * prAyopavezana kiMvA saMjIvana samAdhI i. nAvAMnI dhArmika maraNAcA svIkAra karaNe, he hiMduparaMparelA kAhI navIna nAhI. tathApi hiMdU vAtAvaraNAta ase maraNa svIkAralyAcI udAharaNe agadI mojakI ADhaLatAta. zivAya hyA maraNAsAThI svIkAralelyA prakriyecA, vizeSa bodha karaNAre sAhitya nirmANa jhAlele disata nAhI. __ jaina paraMpareta AgamakALApAsUna mRtyuvicArAlA vizeSa sthAna disate. bhagavatI ArAdhanesArakhyA digaMbaragraMthAta ANi zvetAMbarAMcyA aneka prakIrNakAta saMlekhanA, saMthArA, samAdhimaraNa, paMDitamaraNa, aMtima ArAdhanA azA vividha prakAre saMthAr2yAce mahattva adhorekhita kele gele Ahe. sAdhu va gRhastha doghAMnIhI kelelyA saMthAr2yAcA svIkAra ANi AjahI yA prathece asalele pracalana, he hiMdUMpekSA asalele vegaLepaNaca mAnAve lAgela. * karmakSayAcA vicAra * bhavakoTI saMcita karmAMcA yA mAnavI AyuSyAta, ApaNa ApalyA prayatnAne kSaya karAvayAcA Ahe, hI saMkalpanA donhI paraMpareta disate. saMcita karme puSkaLa asalyAmuLe va vegavegaLyA veLI karmabaMdha jhAlyAmuLe tyAMcyA kSayAcA eka viziSTa krama sAMgaNe atyaMta Avazyaka Ahe. hiMdU paraMparetIla graMtha hI apekSA pUrNa karIta nAhIta. 'jJAnAgniH sakarmANi bhasmasAtkurute tathA / 28 he vivecana karmakSayAbAbata purese Tharata nAhI. jaina paraMparene yA karmakSayAlA 'nirjarA' yA nAvAne tAtvika darjA dilA Ahe.29 mhaNUna nijarecI vyAkhyA, nirjarece prakAra,31 nijarece adhikArI,32 saMvarayukta tapAne hoNArI nirjarA,33 guNasthAna va nirjarA,4 samudghAta va nirjarA,5 nirjarecA kSapaNavidhi azA prakAre kelelA vividhAMgI vicAra he jaina paraMparece vaiziSTya Tharale.
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________________ * samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa * nayavAda, syAdvAda, anekAntavAda ANi samanvayavAda he jaina abhyAsakAMcyA mate, jaina paraMparece vaiziSTya Ahe. sarva dArzanika pravAhAMnA jainAMnI ekeka naya spaSTa karaNArA vAda mhaNUna sAmAvUna ghetale. 'RSibhASitA'sArakhyA graMthAta hiMdU ANi bauddha vicAravaMtAMcAhI gaurava kelA. sAmAnya jIvana ANi adhyAtma yAMcA samanvaya vyavahAranaya ANi nizcayanaya sAMgUna kelA. kArya-kAraNa bhAvAce spaSTIkaraNa deta asatAnA, koNatehI kArya svabhAvavAda, kAlamada, pauruSavAda, karmavAda va niyativAda yA pAcAMcyA samanvayAne hote, ase sAMgitale. jainAMcA udAramatavAda darzaviNArI aneka udAharaNe azAprakAre detA yetIla. paraMtu yAca barobara asehI lakSAta Thevale pAhije kI vaidika mhaNA, brAhmaNa mhaNA athavA hiMdU mhaNA yA paraMparenehI taDajoDa, badala, parivartane kALAcyA oghAta svIkAralelI disatAta. RSabhadevAMnA ANi gautamabuddhAMnA purANAMnI avatArapada dile. pazubalIpradhAna yajJa kAlAMtarAne hiMsArahita banale. svAdhyAya, jJAna, tapa i. nA yajJAcA darjA dilA.38 zaMkarAcAryAMsArakhyA advaita vedAMtAne prAtibhAsika, vyAvahArika ANi pAramArthika azA tIna sattAMcA siddhAMta mAMlA. koNatehI kArya pAcAMcyA samavAyAne hote, he vidhAna tara bhagavadgIteta jasecyA tase Ahe.39 vedAMpAsUna AraMbha jhAlelI hI paraMparA, prathama brAhmaNa paraMparA mhaNUna parivartita jhAlI va naMtara tIca purANakAlI bhaktipradhAna jhAlI. mhaNaje dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvAcA siddhAMta phakta jainAMnIca mAMDalA, asA abhiniveza soDUna deNe Avazyaka Ahe. AtA ekagoSTa mAtra kharI kI, koNatehI vidhAna phakta viziSTa apekSeneca satya asate, ase mhaNUna ANi sadvastUlA anaMta dharmAtmaka mAnUna jainAMnI sApekSatAvAda ANi anekAMtavAda, saiddhAMtika rUpAne yathArthatene mAMDalA. tyAsAThI 'AinasTAina' sArakhyA vaijJAnikAnehI jainAMbaddala gauravodgAra kADhale Aheta.40 yAtIla kharI mekha azI Ahe kI, yA sApekSatAvAdAta daDalelI vaijJAnika samIkaraNe va sUtre jainahI tayAra karU zakale nAhIta va hiMdUhI tayAra karU zakale nAhIta. * strIviSayaka dRSTikoNa * madhyayugAparyaMtacyA kALAta hiMdudharmAta va samAjAta, striyAMce sthAna atizaya duyyama hote, ase abhyAsaka mhaNatAta. jaina dharmAne prathamapAsUnaca sAdhuMbarobara sAdhvIMnA va zrAvakAMbarobara zrAvikAMnAhI saMghAta sthAna dile. zivAya bolIbhASeta upadeza deUna, striyAMnAhI samajU zakela azA bhASeta dhArmika kArya kele. mahAvIrAMce caritra lihatAnA anekAMnI nAri jAtI ke uddhAraka' asA tyAMcA gaurava kelelA disato. paNa yAbAbata ase mhaNAvese vATate kI, mahAvIrAMce he kArya dhArmika ANi AdhyAtmika bAbatIta hote. ANi tyAtahI kuMdakuMdAMsArakhyA digaMbara AcAryAMnI strI janmAtUna strIlA mokSa nAhI asehI noMdavile Ahe. jaina strIcI kauTuMbika ANi sAmAjika sthitI mAtra bhAratalyA hiMdU strIsArakhIca hotI. sAdhvIMnA jarI dharmAta sthAna hote tarI sAdhUMcyA tulanene sAdhvIMnA nehamIca duyyama sthAnAvara Thevale gele. AjatAgAyata sAdhvIMnA duyyama lekhaNyAcI hI sthitI kAyama Ahe. uttarAdhyayanAsArakhyA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta strIliMgasiddhA, puruSaliMgasiddhA, napuMsakaliMgasiddhA ase ullekha yeNe, jJAtAdharmakathAsArakhyA graMthAta 'mallI' hI strI tIrthaMkara asaNe,42 jayaMtIsArakhyA buddhimatI zrAvikecA sanmAnapUrvaka ullekha asaNe, i. ullekhAMvarUna ase mhaNAvese vATate kI, AgamAMmadhye jaina strIce sthAna duyyama asale tarI samakAlIna hiMdU agara bauddha strIpekSA tyAmAnAne bareca zreSTha hote. * yajJa saMkalpanA * jaina graMthAta yeNAr2yA yajJavirodhI dhoraNAta, kALAnusAra sthityaMtare yeta gelI, ase disUna yete. AgamakALAta yajJAlA spaSTata: virodha na karatA, hiMsA-ahiMsecyA vivecanAtUna to vyakta hoto. isavI sanAcyA cauthyA-pAcavyA
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________________ zatakApAsUna te dahAvyA zatakAparyaMta, sarva prakAracyA yajJAMnA hoNAr2yA virodhAcI dhAra, haLuhaLU adhikAdhika tIvra hota gelI. dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa graMthAta, yajJAlA spaSTata: narakagatIce kAraNa mAnale Ahe. 44 hiMsaka yajJAcyA viruddha dilelyA yA tIvra pratikriyAMmuLe, brAhmaNa paraMparelA yajJAcA punarvicAra karAvA lAgalA. hiMsaka yajJAce pracalana kamI kamI hoU lAgale. yajJacakrapravartanAcA puraskAra karaNAr2yA bhagavadgItelAhI, dravyayajJAbarokya jJAna, svAdhyAya, tapa i. cI gaNanA yajJAta karAvI lAgalI. dahAvyA zatakAnaMtara brAhmaNadharmAcyA prabhAvAne, yajJapaddhatI pUjArUpAta va kriyAkANDAtmaka rItIne jainadharmAta yeU lAgalI. AjahI jainAMmadhye moThyA pramANAta yajJAce Ayojana hota nasale tarI choTe homa, gRhasthAMcyAdvAre kele jAtAta. zivAya hiMdU dharmAcyA sAnidhyAne vivAha prasaMgI amihoma kelA jAtoca. azA prakAre jaina va hiMdU samAjAta aneka bAbatIta AcArAce AdAna-pradAna cAlU asalele disate. * avatAravAda avatAravAda prAmukhyAne hiMdU purANagraMthAta spaSTapaNe mAMDalA gelA. 'bhagavAna viSNUne sAdhUMcyA paritrANAsAThI ANi duSTAMcyA nirdAlanAsAThI avatAra gheNe ANi avatAra kArya saMpatAca nijadhAmI parata jANe', 45 hI saMkalpanA purANAMnI hiMdU manAta kholavara rUjavalI. jaina paraMpareta mAtra sarva tIrthaMkara, jina, kevalI he manuSyayonIta janmatAta va svata:cyA Atmika vikAsAne nirvANapadAsa jAtAta. siddhagatIta gelyAvara he jIva punhA jagAcyA anukaMpene parata bhUtalAvara avatarata nAhIta. bauddhadharma hA svataMtradharma asUnahI, gautamabuddhAMnA purANAMnI dahA avatArAta sthAna dile. tyAcI kAraNe kAhIhI asota. mahAvIrAMcA mAtra hiMdugraMthAta vizeSataH purANAta, koThehI nAmanirdeza suddhA nAhI. bhAgavatapurANAta RSabhadevaMcA 24 avatArAta samAveza kelA gelA, kAraNa tyAMcI pravRttiparakatA ANi ekaMdara jIvanakrama purANakArAMnA hiMdudharmAsArakhA vATalA asAvA. bhagavAna mahAvIrAMnA mAtra paurANikAMnI Apalese kele nAhI. yAcAca artha asA kI, mahAvIravANItU prakaTa hoNArI vicAradhArA, paurANikAMnA mAnavalI nasAvI. zivAya mahAvIrAMcA dRSTikoNa TIkA va upahAsAtmaka nasalyAmuLe, tyAMnA te dakhalapAtra vATale nasAveta. zivAya jyA kALAta gautamabuddhAlA avatAra mhaTale gele, tyAkALAta bauddhadharmAcA prasAra adhika jhAlA asAvA. RSabhadevAMcA avatArAta samAveza asaNe va mahAvIrAMcA avatArAta samAveza nasaNe, yAtIla koNatI goSTa zramaNadharmAcyA svataMtratelA poSaka Ahe va koNatI poSaka nAhI, hA vicAra karaNyAyogya muddA Ahe. * pitara saMkalpanA pitara, piMDa, zrAddha i. saMkalpanA vaidika paraMpareta, RgvedApAsUna sarva veda, taittirIya brAhmaNa va AraNyaka, chAMdogyAsArakhI upaniSade, manu, yAjJavalkya i. smRtigraMtha, kauTilIya arthazAstra, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, javaLajavaLa sarva purANe ANi pUrvamImAMsA darzana yA sarvAMmadhye disUna yete. zrAddhavidhiviSayaka svataMtra graMthanirmitIhI jhAlelI disate. bhAratAtalyA sarva pradezAta, sarva jAtijamAtIMmadhye pitara saMkalpanA ANi tyAcyAzI juLalele zrAddha i. vidhI kele jAtAta. jaina paraMparene hiMdU saMskAra, vratavaikalya, pUjAarcA he sarva vidhI thoDyAphAra pharakAne AtmasAta kele asale tarI, pitara saMkalpanA hI jaina siddhAMtAcyA pUrNa viparIta asalyAne svIkAralI nAhI. jaina dArzanika mAnyatenusAra manuSyagatItIla jIva puDhIla janmAta deva, manuSya, nArakI kiMvA tiryaMca koNatyAhI rUpAne ApalyA karmAnusAra janmate. zivAya vartamAna janma va puDhacA janma yAmadhye phakta kAhI samayAceca (kSaNAce) aMtara asate. tyAmuLe madhIla kALAta pitRloka nAvAcyA ThikANI vasatI karaNe i. saMkalpanA, jaina darzanAta basata nAhI. dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva-bhava azA paMcavidha saMsArAta, pratyeka jIva itara jIvAMcyA aneka veLA saMparkAta yeUna, kramAkramAne mAtA-pitA-putrakanyA i. jhAlelA Ahe.47 hiMdU dRSTIne jyA tIna piDhyAtIla pitarAMnA tarpaNa i. kele jAte, te jIva jaina dRSTIne kevhAca
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________________ vegavegaLyA gatIta janmalele asatAta. azA paristhitIta koNAlA Apale pitara mAnUna zrAddha, tarpaNa athavA piMDa pradAna karaNAra ? asA kaLIcA muddA Ahe. * paMcamahAbhUte va pAca ekeMdriya jIva * vaidika mAnyatenusAra pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu ANi AkAza hI paMcamahAbhUte Aheta. tI jaDa arthAt nirjIva Aheta.48 taittirIya upaniSadAta tyAMcA eka viziSTa krama sAMgitalA Ahe. to asA - Atmana: AkAza: saMbhUtaH / AkAzAdvAyuH / vAyoragniH / agnerApaH / abhyaH pRthivI / pRthivyA oSadhayaH / oSadhIbhyo'nnam / annAtpuruSaH / 49 sAMkhyadarzanAta prakRti, mahat, ahaMkAra, paMcatanmAtre va kramAkramAne paMcamahAbhUte asA krama varNilA Ahe.50 jaina paraMparelA hA dRSTikoNa sarvathA amAnya Ahe. tyAMnI pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika, tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika va vanaspatikAyika yAMnA ekeMdriya jIva mAnale Ahe. pahilA pharaka asA kI he jaDa nAhIta. dusarA pharaka asA kI AkAza he jaDa mhaNaje ajIva Ahe. paraMtu tyAcI gaNanA SadravyAMmadhye kelI Ahe.51 vanaspatikAyikAlA pRthvI i. cArAMcyA joDIne ekeMdriya mAnale Ahe. zivAya caitanyamaya AtmyApAsUna, cetanAhIna paMcamahAbhUte nirmANa hoNyAcA vaidikAMvara asalelA atayaM prasaMga, jainAMnI TALalA Ahe. pRthvI i. nA ekeMdriya mAnalyAmuLe, ahiMsA tattvAlA bhakkama AdhAra miLAlA Ahe. tyAmuLe jainadharma paryAvaraNa rakSaNAlAhI anukUla banalA Ahe. jaLI, sthaLI, kASThI, pASANI paramezvarAce astitva mAnaNyApekSA, jainAMnI kharokharIce caitanyarUpaca tyAMcyAThikANI kalpile Ahe. * pANyAcA vApara * snAna, saMdhyA, pUjA, svacchatA, pANyAta ubhe rAhUna kelelI purazcaraNe he hiMdU dharmAce vaiziSTya Ahe. yAulaTa pANI he ekeMdriya jIva asalyAne, tyAcA agadI garajepuratA, kamIta kamI vApara, he jaina AcArAce vaiziSTya disate. tyAmuLe arthAtaca pANyAta nirmAlya athavA asthIMce visarjana jaina AcArAcyA caukaTIta basata nAhI. 'pANyAne zuddhI miLata asatI tara sarva jalacara jIva kevhAca svargAta pohocale asate', ase upahAsAtmaka udgAra, 'sUtrakRtAMgA'sArakhyA prAcIna ardhamAgadhI graMthAtahI ADhaLatAta.52 * vijJAnAnukUlatA * prAcIna jaina prAkRta graMthAta, tyA kALAcyA mAnAne kitItarI pragata vaijJAnika dhAraNA ADhaLUna yetAta. udA. SadravyAMmadhIla dharma, adharma yA dravyAMmadhye apekSita asalelI gurutvAkarSaNa zaktI ; ekA paramANUvara rAhaNAre cAra guNa, tyAMce upaprakAra va tyAtUna niSpanna hoNArI mUladravyAMcI saMkhyA ; tiryaMcagatIcyA vivecanAta aMtarbhUta asalelA vanaspativicAra, prANivicAra va pakSIvicAra ; dhvanI arthAt zabdAlA AkAzAcA guNa na mAnatA paudgalika mAnaNe - he sarva vicAra vastutaH AjacyA vijJAnAlAhI tyAmAnAne kitItarI anukUla Aheta. abhyAsaka hehI mAnya karatAta kI jainAMcA pudgala va skaMdha vicAra kaNAdAMcyA paramANUvAdApekSA arthAt vaizeSikAMcyA paramANUvAdApekSA khacitaca zreSTha Ahe. hIca goSTa itarahI udAharaNAMbAbata sAMgatA yeIla. prayogazIla vikAsAcI joDa yA vicArAMnA na miLAyAmuLe, pragata zAstranirmitIcI saMbhAvanA asUnahI, jaina paraMpareta tyA tyA prakAracI vijJAne nirmANa hoU zakalI nAhIta. yAulaTa Ayurveda, khagola, bhUgola, jyotiSa, gaNita, paramANuvAda, arthazAstra azI zAstre vaidika paraMpareta tayAra jhAlI va tatkAlIna zikSaNa paddhatIta aMtarbhUtahI jhAlI. * puruSArthavicAra * ___prAcyavidyAMce abhyAsaka sAkSepAne noMdavatAta kI, pravRttipara vaidika paraMpareta AraMbhI dharma, artha va kAma he tInaca
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________________ puruSArtha hote. nivRttivAdI zramaNa paraMparAMcyA prabhAvAne 'mokSa' hA cauthA puruSArtha tyAta dAkhala jhAlA. 53 vaidikAMnI yA cArahI puruSArthAsaMbaMdhI vipula lekhana kele. dharmazAstre va mokSazAstre tara nirmANa kelIca paNa kAmazAstre va arthazAstrI nirmANa kelI. yAulaTa jaina paraMpareta 'mokSa' yA puruSArthAceca sadaiva prAdhAnya rAhile. artha ANi kAma hyA puruSArthAMsaMbaMdhI phArasA gaMbhIra vicAra jhAlAca nAhI. * yoga zabdAcA vizeSa artha pAtajaMlayogadarzanAcA 'yoga' mhaNaje 'cittavRttinirodha'. 54 ' yamaniyamAdi ATha aMgAMnAhI' tethe 'yoga' mhaTale Ahe.55 bhagavadgIteta yoga zabda vegavegaLyA arthAMnI yeto. 'samatvaM yoga ucyate ' 56, 'yoga: karmasu kauzalam' 57 hI vacane tara suprasiddha Aheta. tyAkherIja bhagavadgIteta adhyAyAcyA pratyeka nAvAlAhI 'yoga' zabda lAvalA Ahe. 58 jaina paraMparenehI A. haribhadrakRta yogabiMdu, yogazataka i. graMthAMcyA zIrSakAmadhye vaidika paraMparetIla hAca artha disUna yeto. paNa yAkherIja mana-vacana-kAyecyA sarva hAlacAlI mhaNaje karme mhaNaje 'yoga' hoya. 51 hyA vyAkhyetUna 'yuj' dhAtUzI juLaNAr2yA, yoga zabdAcyA vegaLyAca arthAvara prakAza TAkalA Ahe. mana-vacana-kAyecyA hAlacAlI yA arthAne yoga zabda vAparUna, tIna yogAMnI va tIna karaNAMnI arthAt 'tivihaM tiviheNaM' hI padAvalI jaina tattvajJAnAta va AcArAtahI atizaya rULalI Ahe. vaidika paraMpareta rUDha asalelyA aneka zabdAMnA jaina paraMparA vegaLeca pAribhASika artha prApta karUna dete. tyApaikI yoga hI eka vizeSa saMkalpanA Ahe. * 'satI' zabdAcA vizeSa artha * hiMdU paurANika paraMpareta 'pativratA' hyA arthAne vAparaNyAta yeNArA satI hA zabda, madhyayugIna kALAta patIcyA citevara ArUDha hoNAr2yA, pativratA strIsAThI vAparaNyAta yeU lAgalA. gelyA dona-tIna zatakAta tarI, hiMdU paraMpareta to yAca arthAne rUDha jhAlelA disato. 'rAjA rAmamohana raoNya' Adi sudhArakAMnI, yA aniSTa rUDhIbaddala khUpa AvAja uThavalA. svAtaMtrya prAptInaMtara bhAratIya saMvidhAnAta, yA aniSTa rUDhIlA uttejana deNAr2yAMvirUddha kaDaka kAyadA kelelA disato. jaina paraMpareta kALAcyA koNatyAca TappyAvara, azA prakAracyA satI prathelA sthAna nAhI. AdaraNIya sAdhvIMnA jaina paraMparA, satI agara mahAsatI saMbodhate. azA prakhyAta soLA mahAsatIMcA gaurava, jaina paraMparene AdarapUrvaka kelA Ahe. * saMskRta ANi lokabhASA * vedAMpAsUna AraMbha karUna purANAMparyaMta vaidika, brAhmaNa athavA hiMdU paraMpareta nehamIca saMskRtalA agrasthAna miLata rAhile. marAThI sAhityAbAbata bolAyace jhAle tara sumAre dahAvyA-akarAvyA zatakApAsUna mukuMdarAja mahAnubhAva paMtha ANi naMtara bArAvyA zatakAta jJAnezvarAMnI samakAlIna dhArmika racanAMnA AraMbha kelA. jaina paraMpareta mAtra lokabhASeta dharmopadeza karaNyAcA praghAta AraMbhApAsUnaca hotA. kevaLa mahAvIrAMnIca navhe tara AdhIcyA sarva tIrthaMkarAMnI suddhA, lokabhASetUna upadeza kelA asAvA. mhaNUnaca jainAMce isavI sanApUrvIce Agama kiMvA AmnAyagraMthahI, ardhamAgadhI va zaurasenI yA lokabhASAtUna lihalele disatAta. mhaNajeca dhArmika vAD.maya lokabhASeta asAve, hI saMkalpanA jaina paraMpareta, hiMdU paraMparepekSA 1000 varSAMnI junI disate. arthAt Ama samAjAcyA manoraMjanAce sAdhana asalelI saMskRta nATake va kAvya yAMcyAsAThI, hiMdU paraMparenehI prAkRta arthAt lokabhASAMcA vApara kelelA disato.
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________________ * tiryaMcagatIcA vizeSa vicAra * jaina paraMpareta saiddhAMtika dRSTyA tiryaMcagatIcI vyAptI puSkaLaca Ahe. prastuta ThikANI ApaNa kevaLa pazu-pakSI sRSTIcA vicAra karIta Ahota. Adhunika kALAta jagabharAtIla praNizAstrAce abhyAsaka, vaividhyAne naTalelyA pazupakSI sRSTIcA, anekavidha aMgAMnI abhyAsa karUna, tyAMce citrIkaraNa karUna, tyAMvara AdhArita azA utkRSTa vaijJAnika graMthAMcI nirmitI karata Aheta. AzcaryAcI goSTa azI kI, prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama yAMsArakhyA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta ANi trilokaprajJapti, gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) sArakhyA zaurasenI graMthAta, prANisRSTIviSayIce maulika vicAra noMdavilele disatAta. biyAMcyA dekhIla gati, jAti, iMdriye, zarIra, liMga, paryApti, prANa, kaSAya, lezyA, jJAna, AyuSya i. vividha aMgAMnI vicAra kelA Ahe. mukhya mhaNaje karmasiddhAMtahI tyAMcyAbAbata upayojita karUna dAkhavilelA Ahe. kevaLa siddhAMtagraMthAtaca navhe tara kathAgraMthAtahI tyAcI udAharaNe sApaDatAta. 60 jaina graMthAtIla he mArgadarzana, prANizAstrAcyA Adhunika abhyAsAlA pUraka TharU zakela ase vATate. hiMdU graMthAMtUna azA prakArace mArgadarzana atizaya alpa ADhaLate. * mukta jIvAMce astitva cArvAka soDUna prAya: sarva bhAratIya dArzanikAMnI athavA vicAravaMtAMnI mokSa saMkalpanA mAMDalI Ahe. mokSAnaMtara mukta jIvAMce astitva, svataMtra svataMtra svarUpAta kAyama rAhate, hA siddhAMta mAtra kevaLa jainAMcAca Ahe. azA prakAre siddha kiMvA mukta jIvAMcI vyavasthA, brAhmaNa paraMpareta kuThehI lAvalelI disata nAhI. ekadA pratyeka jIvAcI svataMtra sattA arthAt astitva mAnalyAnaMtara, tI sattA nAhIzI karaNe kiMvA dusar2yAta vilIna karaNe, jaina siddhAMtAlA dharUna nasalyAne mukta jIvAMce azA prakArace astitva mAnale Ahe. * vyaktimatvAMce jainIkaraNa jainAMcyA samanvayavAdAce eka bolake udAharaNa mhaNaje tyAMnI rAma, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa, hanumAna, kRSNa, nArada, pAMDava, jarAsaMdha, sItA, aMjanA, maMdodarI, kaikeyI, draupadI, rukmiNI yA ANi azA aneka vyaktimatvAcyA jainIkNAce prayatna ApalyAlA purANakAvya va caritagraMthAtUna kelele disate. 24 tIrthaMkara vagaLatA, zalAkApuruSa, kAmadeva i. cI jaina paraMparene tayAra kelelI caukaTa, bahudhA yA sarva ajaina vyaktirekhAMce jainIkaraNa karaNyAsAThIca, yojalelI yuktI asAvI ase vATate. jainAMnI yA sarva vyaktIMnA kitIhI Apalese kele tarI jainetaraca kAya, jainAMcyA manAtahI tyaMcyAvara asalelA hiMdudharmAcA prabhAva kAyama Ahe. mhaNUna vAlmIki rAmAyaNa he mukhya pravAhAtIla rAmAyaNa Tharale ANi jaina rAmAyaNe tyAcyA pratikRtI TharalyA. * vargIkaraNAcI sUkSmatA koNatAhI ekhAdA muddA vicArArtha ghetalyAnaMtara jaina paraMpareta tyAce vivecana aneka prakAra, upaprakAra sAMgUna, tArkikatecyA zevaTacyA TokAparyaMta, atizaya sUkSmatene kele jAte. vicArAMcA koNatAhI dhAgA apUrA ThevaNe, hI jainadharmAcI prakRti nAhI. karmasiddhAMta sAMgAyalA lAgalyAnaMtara, karmAce ATha prakAra mhaNaje mUla prakRti, tyA pratkAcyA uttara prakRti, ghAti-aghAti karma, karma ANi guNasthAna yA ANi azA aneka prakAre karmasiddhAMta sAMgitalA Ahe? itakeca navhe tara yAviSayIcI eka svataMtra karmasAhityaviSayaka zAkhAca tayAra jhAlI Ahe. dusare udAharaNa jIvatattvAcyA vicArAsaMbaMdhIce ghetA yeIla. jIvAMce saMsArAcyA dRSTIne, hAlacAlIcyA dRSTIne, manAcyA dRSTIne, iMdriyAMcyA dRSTIne, gatIcyA dRSTIne, zarIrAMcyA prakArAMcyA dRSTIne, veda arthAt liMgAMcyA dRSTIne, yoni arthAt janmasthAnAcyA dRSTIne vargIkaraNa ANi vivecana kelele disate. 62 yAulaTa vaidika paraMpareta vara varNana kelelI karmasiddhAMtAcI va jIvavicArAcI saMkalpanA, evaDhyA sUkSmatene spaSTa
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________________ kelelI disata nAhI. vaikuMTha, kailAsa, pitRloka yAMce svargAtIla nemake sthAna spaSTa hota nAhI. jAti-varNavyavasthA svIkAralyAmuLe, cArahI varNAMcA va cArahI AzramAMcA vyavasthita AcAra, hiMdU paraMparene vyavasthita sAMgaNe apekSita hote. tathApi hiMdU dharmazAstrAta barAcasA AcAra, brAhmaNa keMdrI disato va brAhmaNAMcyA bAjUne pakSapAtIhI disato. yAulaTa jainAMcA sAdhuAcAra va gRhasthAcAra aneka graMthAta vistRtapaNe sAMgitalA Ahe. sArAMza kAya, tara sUkSmatA va cikitsA hI jaina paraMparecI vaiziSTye mAnAvI lAgatAta. * upasaMhAra va niSkarSa zodhalekhAta dilelyA sarva mudyAMcA sAkalyAne vicAra karatA, ase mhaNAvese vATate kI, jainadharma ANi hiMdudharma yAMcyAta kamIta kamI gelI 2600 varSe tarI, bAhyaAcArAmadhye kriyApratikriyAtmaka AMdolaNe cAlU Aheta. varakaraNa pAhatA jainadharmIya he, aneka bAbatIta hiMdU dharmIyAMcyA kitIhI javaLa gelyAsArakhe vATale tarI, tyAMcyA saiddhAMtika bhUmikA va jIvanaviSayaka dRSTikoNa, yAta mUlagAmI bheda asalyAmuLe, jainadharmI he alpasaMkhya asUnahI, hiMdU dharmAmadhye vilIna hoUna gele nAhIta. alpasaMkhya asUnahI jainatva abAdhita ThevaNyAsAThI, tyAMnA kuTuMbAtUna miLaNAre saMskAra, sAdhuvarga, tIrthakSetre va maMdire, zrAvaka saMgha ANi jaina samAjAcI ghaTTa asalelI vINa, he ghaTaka prAmukhyAne upayogI paData Ale Aheta. AjUbAjUcyA samAjAzI samarasa hoUnahI, ApalI pRthagAtmakatA te azAca prakAre TikavUna ThevatIla, asA vizvAsa vATato.
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________________ 20. uttarAdhyayana ANi dhammapada ('sanmati-tIrtha vArSika patrikA', jUna 2008) jaina ANi bauddha yA zramaNa paraMparecyA dona dhArA Aheta. bauddhAMcyA mAnAne jaina paraMparA kitItarI adhika prAcIna Ahe. jainAMce Aja upalabdha asalele sAhitya mAtra 'mahAvIravANI' yA nAvAneca prasiddha Ahe. zvetAMbara saMpradAya ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla 45 agara 32 AgamagraMthAMnA pramANa mAnato. tyAMce aMga, upAMga ase 6 upavibhAga kele Aheta. tyApaikI mUlasUtra' yA upavibhAgAta uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka va dazavaikAlikAcA samAveza hoto. uttarAdhyayanasUtrAcA abhyAsa zvetAMbara paraMpareta vizeSaca kelA jAto. tyAtIla viSayAMcI vividhatA, mAMDaNI, padyamayatA, kAvyaguNa yAmuLe tyAcI lokapriyatAhI khUpa Ahe. uttarAdhyayanAcA abhyAsa kevaLa tyA graMthApuratAca na rAhatA, tyAlA kAhI taulanika abhyAsAce parimANa lAbhAve azI navyA yugAcyA jJAnasaMketAMcI mAgaNI Ahe. vaicArika kakSA ruMdAvata Aheta. paraspaMkhyA saMkalpanA samajAvUna gheNe hI sAmAjika garajahI nirmANa jhAlI Ahe. zramaNaparaMparetIla dusarA pravAha 'bauddha darzana' he aneka dRSTIMnI jaina mAnyatAMzI miLatejuLate Ahe. vedAMcI mAnyatA va sarvazreSThatva nAkAraNe, hiMsaka yajJAMnA virodha karaNe, jAtyAdhAra cAturvarNyAcA niSedha, svataMtra zrAmaNika sAhityAcI nirmitI, azI kAhI pramukha sAmye disatAta. bha. mahAvIra va bha. gautama buddha he prAya: samakAlIna. tyAMcyA kAryapravRttahI prAya: samAna prAMtAta rAhilyA. doghAMcyA dharmabhASAhI 'mAgadhI' bhASezI saMbaMdhitaca hotyA. uttarAdhyayanAzI jyA bauddha graMthAce bahiraMga va aMtaraMga sAmya ADhaLate, asA graMtha mhaNaje pAlI bhASAnibaddha 'dhammapada' hoya. donhI graMtha isavI sanApUrvI dusar2yA-tisar2yA zatakAta aMtima saMskaraNAcyA svarUpAta Ale. dhammapada hA kAhI koNA ekA vyaktIne lihilelA graMtha nasUna to kevaLa eka gAthA-saMgraha Ahe. vegavegaLyA bauddha AcAryAMnI tyA niranirALyA prasaMgI lihilyA Aheta. gautama buddhAcyA vicArasaraNIcyA tyA nidarzaka asalyAmuLe, tyA buddhAcyA nAvAvara ghAtalyA gelyA. suprasiddha tripiTakAtIla 'suttapiTaka' bhAgAta, 'khuddakanikAya' hA upavibhAga Ahe. tyAta ekUNa 15 graMtha Aheta. tyApaikI eka graMtha 'dhammapada' Ahe. suprasiddha jAtakakathAhI hyAca khuddakanikAyAta Aheta jaina paraMparA uttarAdhyayanAsa aMtima mahAvIravANI mAnate. tathApi tyAcyA 36 adhyayanAMpaikI kAhIca adhyayane mahAvIrakathita asUna, kAhI paravartI jaina AcAryAMnI racUna tyAta ghAtalI Aheta, he tathya AtA vidvajjagatAta mAnya jhAlele Ahe. uttarAdhyayanAta 36 adhyayane Aheta tara dhammapadAta 26 varga (vagga) Aheta. uttarAdhyayanAmadhIla 'namipravrajyA' yA navavyA adhyayanAtIla dona gAthA dhammapadAtIla 'bAlavagga' (7.11) ANi 'sahassavagga' (8.4) yAtIla dona gAthAMzI taMtotaMta juLatAta. 'yuddhAta hajAra paTIMnI hajAra mANasAMnA jiMkaNyApekSA, jA svata:sa ekaTyAsa saMyamapUrvaka jiMkato, to sarvazreSTha hoya'-hA vicAra donhI paraMparAMnI zirodhArya mAnalA Ahe dhammapadAtIla pahilyA 'yamakavargAtIla parasparavirodhI gAthAMcyA joDyA uttarAdhyayanAtIla pahilyA 'vinaya' adhyayanAcI AThavaNa karUna detAta. pramAda ANi apramAda yAMce varNanahI dohota samAna Ahe. dhammapadAta 'appamAdavagga' Ahe tara uttarAdhyayanAmadhIla 10 vyA drumapatraka adhyayanAta 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' azI sUcanA gautamasvAmIMnA vAraMvAra dilelI disate. ajJAnI vyaktIlA 'bAla' ANi jJAnI vyaktIlA donhI graMthAta 'paMDita' azI saMjJA disate. 'taNhAvaggA'ta jyA tRSNecI niMdA kelelI disate, toca Azaya jahA lAho tahA loho, lAhA loho pavaDDaI' azabhASeta uttarAdhyayanAmadhye ADhaLato. 'bhikkhuvagga' ANi 'sabhikkha' adhyayana yAtIla sAmya thakka karaNAre disate. dohotahI kAyA-vAcA-manAcyA saMvarAlA (saMyamAlA) mahattva dile Ahe. brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra azA janmajAta jAtIMcA virodha karUna donhI graMthAta taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM' azA zabdAta khar2yA brAhmaNAcI lakSaNe dilI Aheta. bha. mahAvIra va buddha yAMcI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika pArzvabhUmI samAna asalyAmuLe donhI graMthAta aneka upamA, dRSTAMtahI samAna disatAta. vAyane na hAlaNArA parvata (utta.21.19 ; dhamma.6.7); lokAMcyA gAyI mojaNArA gurAkhI
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________________ (utta.22.45, dhamma.1.20) ; rAkheta lapalelA agnI (utta.25.18, dhamma.5.12) ; beTAsArakhe sthira asaNe (AcArAMga 1.6.5.5, dhamma. 2.5) azI zekaDo udAharaNe detA yetIla. bhiDUMcyA AhArAvihArAviSayIcI vAkye, zabdayojanA vagaireta puSkaLaca sAmya kevaLa dhammapadAtaca navhe tara itara pAlI va jaina prAkRta graMthAtahI ADhaLUna yete. varIla sAmyasthaLe pahANAr2yAsa kadAcit ase vATela kI donhI graMtha agadI ekA sAcyAtUna kADhalele disatAta. kAvyamayatA, sAmAnya sadAcAra, nItiniyama, subhASitAMcI pakharaNa, jAtA jAtA sAmAjika paristhitIvara kelele bhASya ityAdi bAbatIta donhI graMthAta samAnatA asalI tarI tyAMce aMtaraMga mAtra vegaLe Ahe. dhammapadApekSA uttarAdhyayanAce mala jANavalele vegaLepaNa mAMDaNyAcA prayatna yethe karate. uttarAdhyayanAta pratyeka adhyayanAcA uddeza, pratipAdya va pArzvabhUmI niranirALI Ahe. viSayAMcI athavA kalpanAMcI koThehI punarAvRttI nAhI. kAhI adhyayane kevaLa upadezapara, kAhI tattva va siddhAMtapradhAna, kAhI kathAtmaka, kAhI saMvAdAtmaka tara kAhI sarvasvI AcArapradhAna Aheta. jaina vicArAMcA kaNA asalele prAyaH sarva siddhAMta vividha adhyayanAta govale Aheta. vinaya, parISaha, caturaMga, akAma-sakAma maraNa, aSTa pravacanamAtA, sAmAcArI, mokSamArgagati, tapomArga, karmaprakRti, lezyA ANi jIvAjIvavibhakti hI kAhI nAve dekhIla uttarAdhyayanAcyA maulika siddhAMtadRSTIvara prakAza TAkaNyAsa purezI Aheta. vastuta: dhammapadAtUna dekhIla triratna, paMcazIla, cAra Aryasatye, dvAdazanidAna, pratItyasamutpAda i. pramukha bauddha siddhAMtAMce mArgadarzana ApaNa apekSito. paraMtu 1-2 goSTIMcA apavAda vagaLatA dhammapada bauddha tattvajJAnAcya gAbhyAlA sparza karU zakalele nAhI aseca mhaNAvese vATate. kadAcit sAdhyA-sopyA bhASeta sadAcaraNAcA upadeza heca dhammapadAmAgace prayojana asU zakela. kliSTa, pAribhASika zabdayojanecA abhAva, sAdhe, sope naitika vicAra ANi suMdara bhASA yAmuLe dhammapadAlA vilakSaNa lokapriyatA mAtra lAbhalI. dhammapadAcI saMskRta, tibeTI va cinI saMskaraNehI jhAlI. silona, brahmadeza, thAyalaMDa kaMboDiyA hyA dezAtIla taruNa bhiDUMcA va gRhasthAzramI upAsakAMcAhI hA nitya pAThAMtarAtIla graMtha Ahe. uttarAdhyayanAcyA jaina abhyAsakAMnI pAlI bhASetIla 'dhammapadA'cA jarUra vizeSa abhyAsa karAvA yAsAThI hA lekhana prapaMca !! **********