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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA -cAMdamala karanAvaTa ( udayapura ) zikSA saMskAra-nirmANa kI eka prakriyA hai| jIvana ko saMskArita yA susaMskRta banAne meM zikSA kI atyanta mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai / sat zikSA ne vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM naye prANa phUMke haiM aura rASTroM kA kAyAkalpa bhI kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki samAja ko pragati patha para agrasara karata tathA usake navanirmANa meM zikSAzAstriyoM ne zikSA kI ahama bhUmikA ko ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai / bhArata ko vizvaguru kI pratiSThA prApta hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa yahA~ ko samRddha zikSA vyavasthA rahI hai / yahA~ ke zaikSika vAtAvaraNa meM bhautikatA ke svara hI nahIM gUMje parantu AdhyAtmikatA ke preraka pavitra aura madhura svara pradhAna rahe haiM / yahA~ jar3atattvoM ke vikAsa aura tatsambandhI pragati ko gauNa mAnakara cetanA zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA lakSya hI mukhya rahA hai| dharmapradhAna deza bhArata ke sabhI dharmoM meM zikSA ko buniyAdI sthAna aura mahattva pradAna kiyA gayA hai| sabhI dharmoM meM zikSA kI apanI-apanI avadhAraNA hai, zikSA-vyavasthA hai aura zikSA kI vidhiyA~ haiM / isa laghulekha meM jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA kI avadhAraNA aura usakI kucha vizeSatAoM para likhA jA rahA hai| zikSA kI avadhAraNA (1) zikSA, dharma kA hI eka aMga hai dharma kriyAkANDa taka hI sImita nahIM hai| vaha jIvana kI samasta pravRttiyoM evaM samasta vyavahAroM se jur3A huA hai / unase vilaga dharma kA svarUpa hI nahIM hai| jIvana ke ina vyavahAroM aura pravRttiyoM meM zikSA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa vyavahAra hai, eka mahattvapUrNa pravRtti hai| dharma jIvana ko zAMtipUrNa evaM Anandamaya banAne kA sAdhana hai / zikSA bhI isI lakSya kI pUrti hetu kArya karatI hai / ataH use dharma kA hI aMza mAnakara jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra ke sAtha svAdhyAya ko zikSA ke rUpa meM jor3a diyA hai| isake anusAra dina rAta ke 8 paharoM meM se 4 prahara svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna hai / / 232 | paMcama khaNDa : sAMskRtika-sampadA www.jainelibrar
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________________ HIsAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha) iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHR javAharAcArya ke vicAra se 'zikSA sambandhI jaina vicAradhArA dhArmika cintana-manana kI sahabhAginI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM hI panapI tathA vikasita huI hai / parantu isase yaha nahIM mAnA jAya ki zikSA meM samAja kI upekSA kI gaI hai| AcArya javAhara ke anusAra dharma aura samAja vyavasthA ataH zikSA jahA~ sAmAjika vyavasthA kA anivArya aMga hai, vahA~ dhArmika prakriyA kA bhI / ataH zikSA sambandhI jaina vicAradhArA jitanI dhArmika hai utanI hI sAmAjika bhii| (2) zikSA viveka zakti kA vikAsa hai jainAgama dazavaikAlika meM likhA gayA hai: paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA, evaM ciTThai savvasaMjae / annANI ki kAhI, kiM vA nAhii seya-pAvagaM / / / arthAt saMyatAtmAe~ pahale jJAna aura pIche dayA (kriyA) kA ArAdhana karate hue saMyama mArga meM agrasara hote haiN| kyoMki ajJAnI kyA ArAdhanA karegA? vaha jJAna ke abhAva meM apane kalyANa-akalyANa kA kaise vibheda karegA? yaha kahakara jaina paramparA meM zikSA ko viveka zaktiyoM ke vikAsa kA paryAya mAnA hai / jaina dRSTi ke anusAra hitAhita, ucitAnucita tathA zreya aura azreya meM bheda karake hita aura zreya kA nirNaya karane kI kSamatA kA vikAsa jJAna hai athavA zikSA hai| zikSA ke artha meM jaina sAhitya meM 'samyakajJAna' zabda kA prayoga huA hai jisakA artha hai jIvAdi tattvoM kA yathArtha aura sahI jJAna / bahuta saMkSepa meM kaheM to apane ApakA aura ajIva tattvoM meM sampUrNa sRSTi kA pariveza kA jJAna aura yathArtha jJAna samyakjJAna yA zikSA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne samyagdarzana yA sahI zraddhA kA vyAkhyA svarUpa likhA 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyakdarzanam'-' yahI bAta samyakjJAna ke lie bhI ghaTita hotI hai kyoMki tattvoM meM sahI AsthA yA vizvAsa ke sAtha hI jJAna samyakjJAna banatA hai| ina jIva ajIva puNya pApa Adi ha tattvoM meM se heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA vibheda karake heya ko tyAganA aura upAdeya ko grahaNa karanA vAMchanIya hai / ina zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ko hI samyakjJAna mAnA hai aura yahI saccI zikSA hai| __ zrI sthAnAMga sUtra meM dharma ke do bheda karate hue batAyA gayA-'suyadhamme ceva carittadhamme ceva / ' arthAt dharma do prakAra kA hai - zrutadharma aura caaritrdhrm| zruta akAdamika pakSa hai jisameM tattvoM kI jAnakArI iSTa hai to cAritradharma-AcaraNaparaka hai / isa prakAra viveka vikAsa ke lie zAstroM kA adhyayana aura unakA AcaraNa dono Avazyaka hai| (3) vizvakya bhAva kA vikAsa zikSA hai sUtra sAhitya meM 'ege AyA' kahakara ki 'AtmA eka hai' sampUrNa cetana jagata kI ekatA ko pramANita kara diyA hai| zrI AcArAMga sUtra kA kathana ki 'jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tu zAsita karanA cAhatA hai, jise paritApa denA cAhatA hai vaha bhI tU hI hai / ' yaha Atmavat buddhi sampUrNa prANijagata kI ekatA kA mUlAdhAra hai / ' zrI dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA ki jo sabhI jIvoM ko Atmavat samajhatA hai vaha AzravoM karmoM ke Agamana ko rokakara pApakarma kA bandha nahIM karatA / dUsare zabdoM meM muktAvasthA kI ora agrasara hotA hai / jaina vicAradhArA meM ina guNoM ke vikAsa kI apekSA kI gaI hai - E FREEERAILER :::: jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA : cAMdamala karanAvaTa | 233 ::::: H
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________________ sAdhvAratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha / +++ ++ sabhI sAdhakoM se / cAhe ve sAdhu-sAdhvI hoM, cAhe gRhastha / yahI samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra rUpa dharma hai aura yahI zikSA hai / prANi mAtra ke svarUpa ko jAnakara unake sAtha Atmaupamya bhAva sthApita karane vAlA hI sahI arthoM meM zikSita kahalAne kA adhikArI hai| vizvakavi Taigora kI samasta vizva ke sAtha ekatA kI bhAvanA rUpa zikSA kI vyAkhyA bhI isI bhAva kA bodha karAtI hai| (4) zikSA- samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakcAritra hai jaina sAhitya meM yadyapi zikSA ke lie 'sikkhA,' 'vijjA' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / parantu samyakjJAna kA prayoga vyApaka rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne jJAnamAtra ko jJAna nahIM mAnakara samyakjJAna ko jJAna kI saMjJA dI hai| jo jar3a-cetana padArthoM kA sahIsahI bodha kara letA hai, vaha samyakajJAnI hai| rAgadveSAdi vikAroM ke vijetA paramAtmA dvArA jar3a-cetana padArthoM yA jIvAdi tattvoM kA sahI svarUpa batAyA gayA hai, use jAnanA yahI saccI zikSA hai| use jAnakara usa para sahI vizvAsa honA aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa meM pravRtti karanA bhI zikSA meM samAhita hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne ina tInoM samyagjJAnAdi ke samanvita svarUpa ko hI mokSa mArga batAyA / samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / dharmArAdhanA hameM mukta banAtI hai| isI prakAra samyagjJAnAdi kI ArAdhanA bhI AtmA ko bandhanoM aura duHkhoM se mukti pradAna karatI hai / (5) zikSA-jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa hai jaina dharma meM kevala Atmika vikAsa kI bAta kahI gaI ho, aisA nahIM hai| jaina vicAradhArA meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha, mAnasika, zArIrika, sAmAjika evaM bauddhika sabhI prakAra ke vikAsa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zikSA ke bAdhaka kArakoM kA jahA~ varNana kiyA gayA hai vahA~ zikSArthI ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI avadhAraNA prakaTa huI hai| isa prasaMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki vidyArthI 5 kAraNoM se zikSA prApta nahIM kara sakatA / ve pA~ca kAraNa haiM :-abhimAna (thaMbhA), krodha (kohA), pramAda (pamAyaNa), roga aura Alasya (rogeNa AlasseNa vaa)| pIche ke kAraNoM kI pahale vyAkhyA kareM to jJAta hogA ki zikSA prApti meM svastha aura nIroga zarIra ko bhI utanA hI mahattva diyA gayA hai jitanA abhimAnarahitatA yA vinaya aura apramAda ko / mAnasika vikAsa meM abhimAna, krodhAdi kAraNa bAdhaka haiN| pramAda bahuta vyApaka zabda hai / jisameM Atmika doSoM kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| jaba-jaba AtmA apane svarUpa ko bhulAkara indriya viSayoM meM bhAna bhUla jAtA hai vaha pramAdI kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra ina sabhI doSoM ke nivAraNa para bala dene kA tAtparya sakArAtmaka rUpa se zArIrika, mAnasika evaM Atmika tInoM prakAra se jIvana ke sampUrNa aura sarvAMgINa vikAsa para bala dene se hai| isake sAtha hI jaina dharma kA lakSya jJAna-dhyAnAdi ke dvArA AtmA kI uccatama vikAsa sthiti ko prApta karanA hai jisameM AtmA kI nihita zaktiyoM kA pUrNa prakaTIkaraNa ho sake / jaina vicAradhArA meM yahI zreSTha aura uttama zikSA kA svarUpa hai jo zikSArthI kI sabhI prakAra kI zaktiyoM kA adhikatama vikAsa kara sake aura use zreSThatama kI upalabdhi karA ske|| (6) sApekSa, tarkasaMgata aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa-zikSA hai ___ vahI zikSA sArthaka aura saphala mAnI jAtI hai jo zikSArthI ko aisA vyakti banAve jisake dRSTikoNa meM tarkasaMgatatA, sApekSatA ke sAtha udAratA ho| aisA vyakti hI samAja meM susamAyojita ho sakatA hai / jaina vicArakoM ke sAmane zikSA kA yaha mahattvapUrNa AdhAra rahA hai / tattvArthasUtrakAra ne adhigama 234 | paMcama khaNDa : sAMskRtika sampadA www.jainelibre:
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha yA jJAna ko paribhASita karate hue likhA - pramANanayairadhigamaH " arthAt jo jJAna pramANa aura naya se prApta kiyA jAya vahI saccA jJAna hai / jaina siddhAnta meM vastuviSayaka kisI eka dRSTikoNa ko naya mAnA hai aura pUrNa sabhI aMzoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kathana karane ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| kisI sApekSa kathana meM nayAdhArita kathana hai parantu usameM anya apekSAoM dRSTikoNoM ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA anyathA vaha durnaya hogA aura agrAhya hogA / jaina darzana kA anekAMta siddhAnta yA syAdvAda isI vyApaka, sApekSa aura tarka saMgatatA ke AdhAroM para vastu kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / isa prakAra kA nirdoSa kathana, jisameM eka dRSTikoNa sampUrNa ke sandarbha meM aura sampUrNa dRSTi ko eka dRSTikoNa ke sandarbha meM vyakta kiyA jAtA hai, hI jJAnI kA aura usake santulita sAmaMjasyapUrNa vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai / zikSA meM bhI isI vyApaka aura udAratA ke dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa vAMchita hai jo zikSArthI meM samAyojana kA abhISTa vikAsa kara sake / jaina dRSTi se zikSA ko vizeSatAe~ (1) guru ke sAnnidhya meM zikSA prApta karanA - jaina zAstroM aura granthoM meM ziSya ke lie 'antebAsI' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 'antevAsI' kA artha hai guru ke nikaTa rahane vAlA / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki ziSya ko zikSA prApta karane hetu guru ke nikaTa rahanA caahie| guru se zikSA prApta karanI cAhie / guru jisa prakAra avadhAraNAoM ko spaSTa kara sakatA hai, vaha anya sAdhana se sambhava nahIM / guru ke jIvana se zikSArthI jo sAkSAt jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai, vaha anya prakAra se nahIM upalabdha kara sakatA / guru ziSya eka-dUsare ke nikaTa rahakara eka-dUsare ko samajha sakate haiN| guru ziSya ko samajha sakatA hai aura ziSya usase abhISTa mArgadarzana prApta kara sakatA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM isI bAta ko eka gAthA se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai jisameM 'vase gurukule NiccaM ' kahakara vidyAdhyayana ke lie nitya hI guru ke pAsa gurukula meM rahane kA nirdeza hai / 11 (2) taponuSThAnapUrvaka jJAnArAdhanA -- jaina paramparA meM batAyA gayA hai ki zikSArthI choTe-bar3e tapa kI ArAdhanA karate hue zikSA grahaNa kre| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM taponuSThAna karate hue zikSA grahaNa karane ke lie 'upadhAna' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / " tapArAdhanA kA eka zArIrika aura manovaijJAnika prabhAva hotA hai / sAtvika aura halkA bhojana karane se vikAroM / doSoM kI utpatti kama hogI evaM mAnasika zAnti banI rahegI / isase zikSArthI adhyayana meM ekAgracitta bana sakegA / tapArAdhana se AhAra - nihAra ( mala visarjana) kI kriyAoM meM samaya bacegA jisase adhyayana meM adhika samaya diyA jA sakegA / tapa jJAnArAdhanA meM lage doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta svarUpa bhI hogA / (3) vinayazIlatA - zikSA kA AdhArabhUta guNa - ahaMkAra yA abhimAna bhAva kA tyAga zikSArthI ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai / jitanA jitanA vinaya zikSArthI meM AtA jAyagA, utanA hI utanA usakA abhimAna galatA jAyagA / yaha abhimAna yA ahaMkAra kA bhAva zikSArjana kriyA kA eka bAdhaka tattva hai jo zikSArthI ko unnati kI ora agrasara nahIM hone detA / jaina vicAradhArA meM vinaya ko dharma kA mUla batAyA hai | zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nirvANa kAla se pUrva jo pravacana pharamAyA usameM vinaya ko prathama jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA : cAMdamala karanAvaTa | 235
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha ......................................... ...... sthAna diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM prathama adhyayana vinaya adhyayana hai jisameM vinaya ke mahattva ke sAtha guru ke prati ziSya dvArA vinaya kI paryApta vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vinaya ko dabbUpana yA mUrtivat banakara baiThe rahanA mAna lenA bhrAnti hogii| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra se unake pradhAna ziSya gautama ne hajAroM prazna kie jo bhagavatI sUtra meM saMkalita haiN| keNa?NaM bhaMte ! kahakara bhagavAna ke uttara para pUnaH pratiprazna kiye haiN| zrAvikA jayantI ne bhagavAna se aneka jijJAsAe~ praznottara ke mAdhyama se prastuta kI haiN| kahane kA Azaya ki jaina vicAradhArA jijJAsApUrvaka praznottara va samAdhAna ko zikSArthI kA avinaya nahIM maantii| jijJAsA, praznottara, tattva-carcA ke aneka sthala zAstroM aura granthoM meM Ae haiN| itanA hote hue bhI ziSya guru kA vinaya kara sakatA hai| unake anuzAsana kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| (4) jJAna-kriyA kA samanvaya-jaina vicAradhArA meM zikSA kI vyAkhyA karate hue jJAna ke sAtha kriyA ke samanvaya para bala diyA gayA hai| samyakjJAna aura samyakdarzana ho jAne para bhI jaba taka samyakcAritra kI ArAdhanA anupAlanA nahIM hogI, mukti yA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho skegii| isIlie zAstroM meM kathana kiyA gayA-'NANassa phalaM viratiH' arthAt jJAna kA phala tyAga hai, cAritra hai| anyatra bhI jJAniyoM ke jJAna kA sAra batAyA gayA ki-jJAniyoM ke jJAna kA sAra yahI hai ki unake dvArA kisI bhI jIva ko kaSTa na ho| aisA vyavahAra ho unakA / 13 jaina siddhAnta kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki koI dravya yA bAhya rUpa se cAritra yA saMyama nahIM pAla sake, parantu jIva ko mukti tabhI hogI jaba vaha bhAva-cAritra ko grahaNa kregaa| isa prakAra jaina paramparA kevala jJAna ko hI mahatva nahIM detI-'cArittaM khalu sikkhA' cAritra hI saccI zikSA hai, kahakara cAritra ke mahattva kA udghoSa kara rahI hai / vartamAna zikSA meM jaina vicAradhArA ke ukta mahatvapUrNa binduoM ko sthAna diyA jAyagA to hamAre samakSa upasthita caritra kA saMkaTa avazyameva dUra ho sakegA / suzikSA prApta kara suyogya nAgarika apane aura rASTra ko nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kara skeNge| . . D ... . .. IRE..... ...... sandarbha grantha sUcI: 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyAya 26 gAthA 12 / 2. koTiyA mahAvIra-zrImad javAharAcArya-zikSA, bIkAnera, zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha 1977 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 2 4. dazavakAlika sUtra / 5. tattvArthasUtra-AcArya umAsvAti / 6. ThANAMga sUtra ThANA 2 / 7. AcArAMga sUtra adhyayana 1 u0 5/51 8. tattvArthasUtra / 9. uttarAdhyayana sUtra / 10. tattvArthasUtra / 11. uttarAdhyayana sUtra adhyAya 11, gAthA 14 / 12. vhii| 13. sUtrakRtAMga suutr| 236 | paMcama khaNDa : sAMskRtika sampadA .... ... www.jainelibrat