Jain Universe

Author(s): Pravin K Shah
Publisher: JAINA Education Committee
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/150006/1

Page #1
Jain Universe Pravin K. Shah Jaina Education Committee Jain Study Center of North Carolina 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 Website: www.jaina.org, e-mail: education @jaina.org, jainaedu@gmail.com 919-859-4994 H, 919-889-1900Cel

Page #2
Preaching Methods of Lord Mahavir Lord Mahavir preached Jain religion and its philosophy and spirituality using four different methods known as Four Anuyogs 1. Stories (Pratham_anuyog) Historical, non-historical, and mythology 2. Conduct (Charan_anuyog) Self control, penance, repentance, and nonviolence 3. Mathematics (Ganit_anuyog / Karan_anuyog) Karma and its classification Various stages of Soul's spiritual development Structure and Function Universe 4. Philosophy or Adhyatma (Dravya_anuyog) Spirituality

Page #3
Jain Universe Jain Universe Akas (Space) Lokakas Jiva and Ajiva Exist Height - 14 Rajlok Alokakas Empty - Void Infinite

Page #4
Jain Universe

Page #5
Yojan and Rajlok Measurement Yojan 1 Danda or Bow 2000 Danda or Bow 4 Kosha = 6 feet = 1 Kosha = 1 Yojan (@ 9.0 miles) Another book gives different measurement 1 Dhanu 4000 Dhanu 1000 Yojans = 6 feet = 1 Yojan (@4.5 miles) = 1 Mahayojan Rajlok or Rajju A distance traveled by a deva (a heavenly god) in six months at a rate of 2,057,152 Yojan in one samay (Samay = smallest unit of time = @ 1/4 second) or The distance traveled in six months by a ball of iron weighing 1,000 bhar (1000 tolas or 25 lb.) let fall freely from Indralok (heaven). = @1.15 x 10E21 miles

Page #6
Universe (Lokakas) Total Height = 14 Rajlok Upper world height = 7 Rajlok Middle world height = 1800 Yojans 900 Yojan up from center of the surface 900 Yojan down from center of the surface Width = 1 Rajlok Lower world height = 7 Rajlok Lokakas Volume (Digambar) = 343 Cubic Rajlok Lokakas Volume (Swetambar)= 239 Cubic Rajlok

Page #7
Universe (Lokakas) Who Lives Where? (Residents) Upper World * Liberated Souls (Moksha) * Vaimanik devas Middle World * Jyotishka devas (above 900 yojans) * Humans, Tiryanch (on surface) Vyan vantar devas (below 900 yojans) 12/16 Devaloks, 9 Graivek, 5 Anuttar devas * Lower World * Bhavanpati devas * Narakis

Page #8
Upper World " * /111 FOT T Yo R. ****** R. 10 e2-hue 12 L Brat 1-A 149 UST pApar3A r Coooo.ft. WATT tooe 7+00 eee. gtmt Taik vibhAga e eee e..... 13.1 E -pa JwwwBllll 7AP AA Tew WAT1 T 13 NEU 100 RT. WIGWlzt BR ... (7) urdhva loka gamana H

Page #9
Upper World Height = 7 Rajlok or Rajju Moksha, 5 Anuttaras, 9 Graiveks, 12 or 16 Devloks Liberated Souls - lives in Moksha Vaimanik devas (3 sub-categories) Higher Vaimanik devas (Anuttara and Graiveks) Anuttara devas attain liberation either in next birth or third birth Each deva is independent Lower Vaimanik devas Organized like Earthly kingdoms - Rulers (Indra), Counselors, Guards, Followers, Armies

Page #10
Middle World Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below Earth surface Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents) Residents Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc......) on the surface Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below surface of Earth World of Human (Manushya_lok) Consist of two and half continents Jambudvip, Dhataki_khanda, and half of Puskara_dvip

Page #11
Middle World (Madhyalok) Two and Half Island D MO (Feld) HEIDE VUJER ARENE WP- S12 kiclucam 16 jon biza va

Page #12
Jyotishka Devas Distance from Earth surface Stars (Tara) Sun (Surya) Moon (Chandra) Constellation (Nakshatra) Planets (Graha) Mercury (Budha) Venus (Shukra) Jupiter (Guru or Brahaspati) Mars (Mangal) Saturn (Shani) Remaining planets = = 790 yojans = 800 yojans = 880 yojans = 884 yojans = = 888 yojans = = 891 yojans = 894 yojans 897 yojans = 900 yojans = 888 to 900 yojans =

Page #13
Mount Meru aura parvata ane pharatuM jayotiSayaka HosOM . , paMsyvana pavana. bhaJabhiu gzani graha 900 yojanA nakSatra : jana kalA gALA 897 yojanA caMndra <<0 dhojanA p 24 26 894 ye jana sUrya yojanA gzukra rAha 891 yojanA tArA 790 yojana baMdha vepapha 88 vaeNjanuM - - zaniE. maMgaLa somanasa vana bIjImekhalA ' D : 1 naMdanavana pahelI mekhalA. FIllulllll @ ja @ hi00 jana) " bhadrazAlavana bhUmisthAne 10000 corjana vistAra idavibhAga pahelo dAMDa 1000. thojana 100ga 1000thI uMcAI

Page #14
Mount Meru zatiSyanuM - RIP (rANIya merUnI sapATa samIpe Avela samabhUlA pRthvInA poInTathI gALe kAMDa 1600 gAuno yojana evA 397yo. UMce jaIe tyAre jyotiSacakranI zarUAta thAya bIjo kAMDa che. che. tethI upara bIjA 110 co. jaIe tyAre eTale on tho. pUrNa ghaTya te jyotiSa cakranI samApti thAya che. have 390 coLAne jayAM ! AraMbha thAya che te sthaLe merUthI cArebAju 1ra1 yo. dUra 2hIne pharatuM tArAmaMDala AveluM che. tethI 10 yo. UMce prathama sUrya tethI 80 co.dUra raca, tethI 4 co. UMce nakSatra parimaMDala , tethI ja yo. ura grahamaMDalAraMbhamAM prathama budha bAda traNa traNa yojanAMtare kramaza: zuka, bRhaspati, maMgala, zani, aurAdi grahe che. vaLI A 'citramAM eka tArAthI bIjA tArAnuM merU vyAghAtA aMtara merUno lagabhaga dazahajArano vyAsa meLavatAM 12242 - yojana thAya che, cAnA GOO 897 maMgaLa ---- - 2 - budha AMda graho - kAkSatra maMDala - 81 888 884 88 0 800 79o - sUrya - tArAmaMDaLa - diloM krAMDa rIte T pramANasara 400 usaidhAMgula zrI merU parvatanI taLeTIno vistAra 1000 yojanA 1 yojana = 36000 mAIla

Page #15
Number of Jyotishka Devas (Two and Half Continents) Location Jambu Dvip Island Lavan Samudra Ocean Dhataki Khand Island Kalodadhi Samudra Ocean Pushkar Dvip Island Total Moon Sun Planet 2 4 12 42 72 132 2 4 12 42 72 132 176 352 1056 3696 6336 11696 Constellation Stars 56 112 336 1176 2096 3696 *Only stars are in 10 million X 10 million unit (10F14) 133,950E14 267,900E14 803,700E14 2,812,950E14 4,822,200E14 8,840,600E14

Page #16
Jambudvip Center of the Middle World Diameters 100,000 yojans Mount Meru is at the center Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns Six mountains run from East to West, divide into seven huge continents Each continent is watered by two great rivers

Page #17
harikAMtA airAvata zikharI Jambu-dvip hamavata sI to dAna dI rUpyakujA rukmI ramyaka narakAMtA nIla vide ha rohitAsyA himavana nahApuMDarIka bharata 2 mleccha mleccha puMDarIka niSadha harI mahAhimavana mahApadma] haimavata kisA (meru parvata timichA padma 3 mleccha Arya khaMDa kSetra parvata kSetra suvarNakulA parvata kSetra parvata kSa bha parvata parvata kSetra 4 nArI nadI parvata kSetra sI lA na dI herIta nadI rohita nadI bainADhya paryana

Page #18
Jambu-dvip : : jaMbUDIpa : lavaNarAmudra en een the 1akha yojanA kamae:::::::: jaLa che A A / _ *SM II ne dAna che, joke2lAkha yom 1-SA 4.0 8 E-SLa -SA para ulA nadI S: kAunatle nanI [5 loka zarata cha [150 | SE /B* S. je vAta ka ::: ranAra kAna - ke 12 50 1633 AAAAA narakAnA nadI * F Diese * enillllll haes ID Wega to Translimir ja te , erapaBIBIRHITRA do if 20kabaje to kiAma da AS E che to All Cou will lal} ra JIT KUT dhamatI millugu sa] VIEL A che ? FrAtA na kara sasililA naEE havAI che tenI ====?: 'anaTa* sAO ra@iA nahI rIka, sivaMta che kApatAM ja AAAAAYAAN nare ji: para pIrena khaMDa-pa , -- SOAAAA. mahAna kulagiri *kapAtAlaka0: bi - vajana hAra

Page #19
Jambu-dvip *Seven Continents and Six Mountains 1. Airavata (North) - Rakta and Raktoda Rivers Shikhari Mountain 2. Airanyavant - Rupyakula and Suvarnakula Rivers Rukmi Mountain 3. Ramyak - Narkanta and Narikanta Rivers Nil Mountain 4. Mahavideh (Middle) - Sitoda and Sita Rivers Nishidh Mountain 5. Harivarsha - Harikanta and Harita Rivers Mahahimvant Mountain 6. Himavant - Rohitasya and Rohita Rivers Himvant Mountain 7. Bharata (South) - Sindhu and Ganga Rivers

Page #20
Karma and Akarma Bhumi Karma_bhumi (Land of Action) * Three Continents Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideh * Tirthankars are born only in Karma_bhumi * Religion exist and Liberation is possible Akarma_bhumi (Land of No Action) * Four Continents Hemavat, Harivarsha, Ramyak, Hiranyavat * Two Sub-continents of Mahavideh Devkuru and Uttarkuru * Congenital pairs (yugalins) live * Land is adorned with wish-granting trees (kalpa_vraksa) and magnificent ponds. No Tirthankar is born * No Religion exist and hence no liberation

Page #21
Bharat kshetra * Located in the Southern part of Jambudvip Vaitadhya mountain runs from East to West in the middle (width 50 yojan) divides into two halves (North and South) * * Two rivers (Ganga and Sindhu) run from North to South. They divide each North and South sections into three sub_continents * Mountain has two tunnels connecting North and South section * Chakravarti king rules all six sub_continents (only he can pass through the tunnels) * Vasudev king rules three sub_continents * Southern middle sub_continent is known as Arya_kshetra * Remaining five sub_continents are known as Anarya_kshetra (Malechchha) * Tirthankar is born only in Arya_kshetra

Page #22
Bharat-kshetra (India) jakhUdrupanA dakSiNa-bhAge bharatakSetranA cha khaMDanu dazya... laghu himavaMta paryaMta *rv\>YYYY siMdhukhaMDa bharatakSetranA cha khaMnnenuM dasta pUrve pazcima laMbAI 4471 bojIna 5. 3 pa. madhyaka T uttarArdha bharata vaittama te parvata madhyakhaMDa sitAka bhata 1 nAgA pItA == - gaMgA khaMDa gaMgA khaMDa pramANa yojana para kAra utna I 19 tA - 1 yojana yAna - 45 mata kArI zALAmAM rAkhe bharatakSetranI vacce rahelA vaitADhya patathI bharatakSetranA be bhAga paDe che. temAMneA nIcene bhAga dakSiNa bharata kahevAya che, tenA madhya bhAge lakhacArasa rUpe dakSiNa bharatanuM madhyakendra che, tenAthI dakSiNa--pazcima khUNe 1,85,000 gAu dura cAre bAju samudrathI viMTaLAyeluM vattamAna-jagata che.

Page #23
Mahavedah - kshetra Mount Meru is located at the center. It is buttressed by the two Vaksara mountain ranges which surround two countries known as Uttara_kuru and Deva_kuru. Both Kurus are Akarma_bhumi and where congenital pairs (yugalins) live. Two rivers (Sita and Sitoda) divides into four parts Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest Each part has 8 sub_continents - Total 32 sub_continents known as 32 vijays A Tirthankar may born in each vijay At present four Tirthankaras exist as follows Northeast (Ishan) * Southeast (Agni) * Southwest (Nairutya) Northwest (Vayavya) - Simandhar_swami (8th vijay) - Yugamandhar_swami (9th vijay) -Bahu_swami (24th vijay) - Subahu_swami (25th vijay)

Page #24
Manushya_Lok - (World of Humans) Humans reside only in Two and Half dvips (continents) Jambudvip Dhataki_khanda Half of Puskara_dvip Dhataki_khanda is twice as large as Jambudvip. It has twice the number of mountains, rivers and continents of Jambudvip. Puskara_dvip is twice as large as Dhataki_khanda but humans reside only in half of Puskar dvip. Hence it has also twice the number of mountains, rivers, and continents of Jambu_dvip.

Page #25
Manushya_Lok (World of Humans) cont.. Hence Manushya_lok consist of: Fifteen Karma_bhumi, Five Bharat_kshetra, Five Airavat_kshetra, Five Mahavideh_kshetra (includes Five Mount Meru), Thirty Akarma_bhumi. Human, Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist Human population of Manushya_lok is 10E29 Outside Manushya_lok Only Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist Liberation is attained only from Karma_bhumi of Manushya_lok

Page #26
Nandishwar-dvip 52 Eternal Temples jaMbUdvIpathI naMdIgdharadvIpa para zAzvatacaitya naMdIzvara samada | ( uttarottara, dvIpa sada,dvijJANa, mAghaNI jANaa { #sano RE: I . - SEE -bhataeNayano nIravI amuka rasa = . >> 1 vANI , saFrada che 45KIES ka sI. 25 na regein , ::::::::::: cAra ::::: :::kA :: ja:: - mAnane vAMkAnanA :/opvardhamAna :/vANi rApata kaeNya | aMjana ka dhimukha 32 ranara GidIppaNI

Page #27
Lower World Residents Narakis (Hellish) Bhavanvasi devas Naga_kumar, Asur_kumar, Padmavati 7 infernal regions (Narakis) 1st region = 1 Rajju wide 7th region = 7 Rajju wide Each infernal region is made up of Clay, Ice (solid water) Solid air (ghan vayu) Thin air (tan vayu) Space (akas)

Page #28
Lower World continued.. Suffering increases from 1st to 7th Hell (Narakis) Burning heat Intense cold Nauseous smells Unquenchable thirst Insatiable hunger Unavoidable torture from each other Ill treatment from Asuras (upto 3 Narakis) (Asuras are Bhavanpati devs)

Page #29
Summary Earth is Flat Earth is not moving Sun and Moon moves around Mount Meru (Earth) Two Suns and Two Moons exist in Jambu-dvip Mahavideh-kshetra connected to Bharat-kshetra via land (mountains, rivers, etc..) Sun is closer to Earth than Moon By travelling in one direction you can not come back to the same point

Page #30
Discussion If religion conservatives continue to define their skepticism about the (marvelous, breathtaking, compelling) findings of modern science, they will eventually lose in the minds and the hearts of the next generation of children It is a deep weakness for any theology or religion to be wrong about the scientific nature of the universe. The scientific method is the proper way - actually the only way - to understand the physical universe. There is no philosophical or theological method to study the structure of stars, planet and universe.

Page #31
Discussion No religion should exceed its bounds by declaring that it possesses the complete knowledge of the structure of stars, planet and universe. In order to accept the scientific method, they must abandon the beliefs of their religion in the area of physical nature of the universe.