Jain Universe

Author(s): Pravin K Shah
Publisher: JAINA Education Committee
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/150006/1

Page #1

Jain Universe
Pravin K. Shah
Jaina Education Committee Jain Study Center of North Carolina 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 Website: www.jaina.org, e-mail: education @jaina.org, jainaedu@gmail.com 919-859-4994 H, 919-889-1900Cel

Page #2

Preaching Methods of Lord Mahavir
Lord Mahavir preached Jain religion and its philosophy and spirituality using four different methods known as Four Anuyogs 1. Stories (Pratham_anuyog)
Historical, non-historical, and mythology 2. Conduct (Charan_anuyog)
Self control, penance, repentance, and nonviolence 3. Mathematics (Ganit_anuyog / Karan_anuyog)
Karma and its classification Various stages of Soul's spiritual development
Structure and Function Universe 4. Philosophy or Adhyatma (Dravya_anuyog)
Spirituality

Page #3

Jain Universe
Jain Universe Akas (Space)
Lokakas Jiva and Ajiva
Exist Height - 14 Rajlok
Alokakas Empty - Void
Infinite

Page #4

Jain Universe

Page #5

Yojan and Rajlok Measurement
Yojan
1 Danda or Bow
2000 Danda or Bow
4 Kosha
= 6 feet
= 1 Kosha
= 1 Yojan (@ 9.0 miles)
Another book gives different measurement
1 Dhanu
4000 Dhanu
1000 Yojans
= 6 feet
= 1 Yojan (@4.5 miles) = 1 Mahayojan
Rajlok or Rajju
A distance traveled by a deva (a heavenly god) in six months at a rate of 2,057,152 Yojan in one samay (Samay = smallest unit of time = @ 1/4 second) or
The distance traveled in six months by a ball of iron weighing 1,000 bhar (1000 tolas or 25 lb.) let fall freely from Indralok (heaven).
= @1.15 x 10E21 miles

Page #6

Universe (Lokakas)
Total Height
= 14 Rajlok
Upper world height
= 7 Rajlok
Middle world height
= 1800 Yojans
900 Yojan up from center of the surface 900 Yojan down from center of the surface Width
= 1 Rajlok
Lower world height
= 7 Rajlok Lokakas Volume (Digambar) = 343 Cubic Rajlok Lokakas Volume (Swetambar)= 239 Cubic Rajlok

Page #7

Universe (Lokakas)
Who Lives Where? (Residents)
Upper World
• Liberated Souls (Moksha)
• Vaimanik devas
Middle World
•
Jyotishka devas (above 900 yojans)
• Humans, Tiryanch (on surface)
Vyan vantar devas (below 900 yojans)
12/16 Devaloks, 9 Graivek, 5 Anuttar devas
•
Lower World
·
Bhavanpati devas
• Narakis

Page #8

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Page #9

Upper World
Height = 7 Rajlok or Rajju Moksha, 5 Anuttaras, 9 Graiveks, 12 or 16 Devloks Liberated Souls - lives in Moksha Vaimanik devas (3 sub-categories) Higher Vaimanik devas (Anuttara and Graiveks)
Anuttara devas attain liberation either in next birth or third birth
Each deva is independent Lower Vaimanik devas Organized like Earthly kingdoms -
Rulers (Indra), Counselors, Guards, Followers, Armies

Page #10

Middle World
Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below Earth surface Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World
Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents)
Residents
Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc......) on the surface Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below surface of Earth World of Human (Manushya_lok)
Consist of two and half continents
Jambudvip, Dhataki_khanda, and half of Puskara_dvip

Page #11

Middle World (Madhyalok) Two and Half Island
D MO
(Feld) HEIDE
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jon biza
va

Page #12

Jyotishka Devas
Distance from Earth surface
Stars (Tara)
Sun (Surya)
Moon (Chandra)
Constellation (Nakshatra)
Planets (Graha)
Mercury (Budha)
Venus (Shukra)
Jupiter (Guru or Brahaspati)
Mars (Mangal)
Saturn (Shani)
Remaining planets
=
= 790 yojans
= 800 yojans
= 880 yojans
= 884 yojans
=
= 888 yojans
=
= 891 yojans
= 894 yojans
897 yojans
= 900 yojans
= 888 to 900 yojans
=

Page #13

Mount Meru
ૌર પર્વત અને ફરતું જયોતિષયક
Hosૐ .
, પંsyવન
પવન. ભJઅભિu gશનિ ગ્રહ ૯૦૦ યોજના નક્ષત્ર : જન
કલા ગાળા ૮૯૭ યોજના ચંન્દ્ર «૦ ધોજના
p ૨૪ ૨૬ ૮૯૪ યે જન સૂર્ય યોજના
gશુક્ર રાહ ૮૯૧ યોજના તારા ૭૯૦ યોજન
બંધ વેપફ ૮૮ વૅજનું - - શનિE.
મંગળ
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iદવિભાગ પહેલો દાંડ ૧૦૦૦. થોજન ૧૦૦ગ
૧૦૦૦થી ઉંચાઈ

Page #14

Mount Meru
શતિષ્યનું
-
RIP
(રાણીય
મેરૂની સપાટ સમીપે આવેલ સમભૂલા પૃથ્વીના પોઈન્ટથી ગાળે કાંડ ૧૬૦૦ ગાઉનો યોજન એવા ૩૯૭યો. ઊંચે જઈએ ત્યારે
જ્યોતિષચક્રની શરૂઆત થાય બીજો કાંડ છે. છે. તેથી ઉપર બીજા ૧૧૦ ચો. જઈએ ત્યારે એટલે on થો. પૂર્ણ ઘટ્ય તે જ્યોતિષ ચક્રની સમાપ્તિ થાય છે.
હવે ૩૯૦ ચોળાને જયાં ! આરંભ થાય છે તે સ્થળે મેરૂથી ચારેબાજુ ૧ર૧ યો. દૂર ૨હીને ફરતું તારામંડલ આવેલું
છે. તેથી ૧૦ યો. ઊંચે પ્રથમ સૂર્ય તેથી ૮૦ ચો.દૂર રચ, તેથી ૪ ચો. ઊંચે નક્ષત્ર પરિમંડલ , તેથી જ યો. ઉર ગ્રહમંડલારંભમાં પ્રથમ બુધ બાદ ત્રણ ત્રણ યોજનાંતરે ક્રમશ: શુક, બૃહસ્પતિ, મંગલ, શનિ,
ૌરાદિ ગ્રહે છે. વળી આ 'ચિત્રમાં એક તારાથી બીજા તારાનું મેરૂ વ્યાઘાતા અંતર મેરૂનો લગભગ દશહજારનો
વ્યાસ મેળવતાં ૧૨૨૪૨ - યોજન થાય છે,
ચાના GOO ૮૯૭
મંગળ ——
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૮૧ ૮૮૮ ८८४ ૮૮ 0 ૮00 ૭૯o
-
સૂર્ય -
તારામંડળ - દિલોં ક્રાંડ રીતે
T
પ્રમાણસર ૪૦૦ ઉસૈધાંગુલ
શ્રી મેરૂ પર્વતની તળેટીનો વિસ્તાર ૧૦૦૦ યોજના
૧ યોજન = ૩૬૦૦૦ માઈલ

Page #15

Number of Jyotishka Devas (Two and Half Continents)
Location
Jambu Dvip Island
Lavan Samudra
Ocean
Dhataki Khand
Island
Kalodadhi Samudra
Ocean
Pushkar Dvip Island
Total
Moon Sun Planet
2
4
12
42
72
132
2
4
12
42
72
132
176
352
1056
3696
6336
11696
Constellation Stars
56
112
336
1176
2096
3696
•Only stars are in 10 million X 10 million unit (10F14)
133,950E14
267,900E14
803,700E14
2,812,950E14
4,822,200E14
8,840,600E14

Page #16

Jambudvip
Center of the Middle World
Diameters 100,000 yojans
Mount Meru is at the center
Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns
Six mountains run from East to West, divide into seven huge continents
Each continent is watered by two great rivers

Page #17

हरिकांता
ऐरावत शिखरी
Jambu-dvip
हमवत
सी तो दान दी
रूप्यकुजा
रुक्मी
रम्यक नरकांता
नील
विदे ह
रोहितास्या
हिमवन
नहापुंडरीक
भरत 2 म्लेच्छ
म्लेच्छ
पुंडरीक
निषध
हरी
महाहिमवन महापद्म]
हैमवत
किसा
(मेरु पर्वत
तिमिछा
पद्म
3 म्लेच्छ
आर्य खंड
क्षेत्र
पर्वत
क्षेत्र सुवर्णकुला
पर्वत
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पर्वत
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पर्वत
क्षेत्र
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नारी नदी
पर्वत
क्षेत्र
सी ला न दी
हेरीत नदी
रोहित नदी
बैनाढ्य पर्यन

Page #18

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Page #19

Jambu-dvip
•Seven Continents and Six Mountains 1. Airavata (North) - Rakta and Raktoda Rivers
Shikhari Mountain 2. Airanyavant - Rupyakula and Suvarnakula Rivers
Rukmi Mountain 3. Ramyak - Narkanta and Narikanta Rivers
Nil Mountain 4. Mahavideh (Middle) - Sitoda and Sita Rivers
Nishidh Mountain 5. Harivarsha - Harikanta and Harita Rivers
Mahahimvant Mountain 6. Himavant - Rohitasya and Rohita Rivers
Himvant Mountain 7. Bharata (South) - Sindhu and Ganga Rivers

Page #20

Karma and Akarma Bhumi
Karma_bhumi (Land of Action) • Three Continents
Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideh • Tirthankars are born only in Karma_bhumi
• Religion exist and Liberation is possible Akarma_bhumi (Land of No Action) • Four Continents
Hemavat, Harivarsha, Ramyak, Hiranyavat • Two Sub-continents of Mahavideh
Devkuru and Uttarkuru • Congenital pairs (yugalins) live • Land is adorned with wish-granting trees
(kalpa_vraksa) and magnificent ponds.
No Tirthankar is born • No Religion exist and hence no liberation

Page #21

Bharat kshetra
• Located in the Southern part of Jambudvip
Vaitadhya mountain runs from East to West in the middle (width 50 yojan) divides into two halves (North and South)
·
• Two rivers (Ganga and Sindhu) run from North to South. They divide each North and South sections into three sub_continents
• Mountain has two tunnels connecting North and South section
• Chakravarti king rules all six sub_continents (only he can pass through the tunnels)
· Vasudev king rules three sub_continents
• Southern middle sub_continent is known as Arya_kshetra
· Remaining five sub_continents are known as
Anarya_kshetra (Malechchha)
• Tirthankar is born only in Arya_kshetra

Page #22

Bharat-kshetra (India)
જખૂદ્રુપના દક્ષિણ–ભાગે ભરતક્ષેત્રના છ ખંડનુ દશ્ય...
લઘુ હિમવંત પર્યંત
*rv\>YYYY
સિંધુખંડ
ભરતક્ષેત્રના છ ખંન્નેનું દસ્ત
પૂર્વે પશ્ચિમ લંબાઈ
૪૪૭૧ બોજીન
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==
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ગંગા ખંડ
ગંગા ખંડ
પ્રમાણ યોજન પર કાર ઉત્ન ઈ ૧૯ તા – ૧ યોજન યાન - ૪૫ મત
કારી શાળામાં રાખે
ભરતક્ષેત્રની વચ્ચે રહેલા વૈતાઢ્ય પતથી ભરતક્ષેત્રના બે ભાગ પડે છે.
તેમાંનેા નીચેને ભાગ દક્ષિણ ભરત કહેવાય છે, તેના મધ્ય ભાગે લખચારસ રૂપે દક્ષિણ ભરતનું મધ્યકેન્દ્ર છે, તેનાથી દક્ષિણ--પશ્ચિમ ખૂણે ૧,૮૫,૦૦૦ ગાઉ દુર ચારે બાજુ
સમુદ્રથી વિંટળાયેલું વત્તમાન-જગત છે.

Page #23

Mahavedah - kshetra
Mount Meru is located at the center. It is buttressed by the two Vaksara mountain ranges which surround two countries known as Uttara_kuru and Deva_kuru.
Both Kurus are Akarma_bhumi and where congenital pairs (yugalins) live.
Two rivers (Sita and Sitoda) divides into four parts
Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest
Each part has 8 sub_continents -
Total 32 sub_continents known as 32 vijays A Tirthankar may born in each vijay
At present four Tirthankaras exist as follows
Northeast (Ishan)
• Southeast (Agni)
• Southwest (Nairutya) Northwest (Vayavya)
- Simandhar_swami (8th vijay) - Yugamandhar_swami (9th vijay) -Bahu_swami (24th vijay)
- Subahu_swami (25th vijay)

Page #24

Manushya_Lok - (World of Humans) Humans reside only in Two and Half dvips (continents)
Jambudvip Dhataki_khanda
Half of Puskara_dvip Dhataki_khanda is twice as large as Jambudvip. It has twice the number of mountains, rivers and continents of Jambudvip.
Puskara_dvip is twice as large as Dhataki_khanda but humans reside only in half of Puskar dvip. Hence it has also twice the number of mountains, rivers, and continents of Jambu_dvip.

Page #25

Manushya_Lok (World of Humans) cont..
Hence Manushya_lok consist of: Fifteen Karma_bhumi,
Five Bharat_kshetra, Five Airavat_kshetra,
Five Mahavideh_kshetra (includes Five Mount Meru), Thirty Akarma_bhumi. Human, Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist Human population of Manushya_lok is 10E29 Outside Manushya_lok
Only Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist
Liberation is attained only from Karma_bhumi of Manushya_lok

Page #26

Nandishwar-dvip
52 Eternal Temples
જંબૂદ્વીપથી નંદીગ્ધરદ્વીપ પર શાશ્વતચૈત્ય નંદીશ્વર સમદ
| ( ઉત્તરોત્તર, દ્વીપ સદ,દ્વિજ્ઞાણ, માઘણી જાણa
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Giદીપ્પણી

Page #27

Lower World Residents
Narakis (Hellish) Bhavanvasi devas
Naga_kumar, Asur_kumar, Padmavati 7 infernal regions (Narakis)
1st region = 1 Rajju wide
7th region = 7 Rajju wide Each infernal region is made up of
Clay, Ice (solid water) Solid air (ghan vayu) Thin air (tan vayu) Space (akas)

Page #28

Lower World continued..
Suffering increases from 1st to 7th Hell (Narakis)
Burning heat
Intense cold
Nauseous smells
Unquenchable thirst
Insatiable hunger
Unavoidable torture from each other
Ill treatment from Asuras (upto 3 Narakis) (Asuras are Bhavanpati devs)

Page #29
Summary Earth is Flat Earth is not moving Sun and Moon moves around Mount Meru (Earth) Two Suns and Two Moons exist in Jambu-dvip Mahavideh-kshetra connected to Bharat-kshetra via land (mountains, rivers, etc..) Sun is closer to Earth than Moon By travelling in one direction you can not come back to the same point

Page #30
Discussion If religion conservatives continue to define their skepticism about the (marvelous, breathtaking, compelling) findings of modern science, they will eventually lose in the minds and the hearts of the next generation of children It is a deep weakness for any theology or religion to be wrong about the scientific nature of the universe. The scientific method is the proper way - actually the only way - to understand the physical universe. There is no philosophical or theological method to study the structure of stars, planet and universe.

Page #31
Discussion No religion should exceed its bounds by declaring that it possesses the complete knowledge of the structure of stars, planet and universe. In order to accept the scientific method, they must abandon the beliefs of their religion in the area of physical nature of the universe.