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________________ caturtha khaNDa : jainadarzana-cintana ke vividha AyAma 253 . + + + ++ + + + +++++ + +++ +++ +++++ +++++++++ +++++++ + + + ++++ +++ ++++++++++ + + + + + + pimodi sara jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vimarza 0 DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA [pUrva rIDara kA0 hi. vi. vi. vArANasI] bhAratIya tarkazAstra meM anumAna para paryApta vimarza kiyA gayA hai aura saMkhyAbaddha granthoM kA praNayana huA hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kiyA gayA anumAna vimarza bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| jaina tArkikoM ne anumAna meM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi aura saMzodhana donoM kiye haiN| yahA~ hama usI para eka samIkSAtmaka evaM aitihAsika vimarza kara rahe haiN| ___adhyayana se avagata hotA hai ki upaniSadkAla meM anumAna kI AvazyakatA evaM prayojana para bala diyA jAne lagA thaa| upaniSadoM meM 'AtmAvAre iSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH'' Adi vAkyoM dvArA AtmA ke zravaNa ke sAtha manana para bhI bala diyA gayA hai, jo upapattiyoM (yuktiyoM) ke dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki usa kAla meM anumAna ko bhI zruti kI taraha jJAna kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA thA-usake binA darzana apUrNa rahatA thaa| yaha saca hai ki anumAna kA 'anumAna' zabda se vyavahAra hone kI apekSA 'vAkovAkyam', 'AnvIkSikI', 'takavidyA', 'hetuvidyA' jaise zabdoM dvArA adhika hotA thaa| prAcIna jaina vAGmaya meM jJAnamImAMsA (jJAnamArgaNA) ke antargata anumAna kA 'hetuvAda' zabda se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura use zruta kA eka paryAya (nAmAntara) batalAyA gayA hai| tatvArthasUtrakAra ne usakA 'abhinibodha' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki janadarzana meM bhI anumAna abhimata hai tathA pratyakSa (sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika jJAnoM) kI taraha use bhI pramANa evaM arthanizcAyaka mAnA gayA hai| antara kevala unameM vaizadya aura avaizadya kA hai| pratyakSa vizada hai aura anumAna avizada (prokss)| ___anumAna ke liye kina ghaTakoM kI AvazyakatA hai, isakA Arambhika pratipAdana kaNAda ne kiyA pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne anumAna kA "anumAna' zabda se nirdeza na kara 'laiGgika' zabda se kiyA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki anumAna kA mukhya ghaTaka liGga hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa unhoMne mAtra liGgoM, liGgarUpoM aura liGgAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| usake aura bhI koI ghaTaka haiM, isakA kaNAda ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / unake bhASyakAra prazastapAda ne avazya pratijJAdi pAMca avayavoM ko usakA ghaTaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| tarkazAstra kA nibaddharUpa meM spaSTa vikAsa akSapAda ke nyAyasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai / akSapAda ne anumAna ko 'anumAna' zabda se hI ullikhita kiyA tathA usakI kAraNasAmagrI, bhedoM, avayavoM aura hetvAbhAsoM kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI anumAna parIkSA, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna jaise anumAna-sahAyaka tattvoM kA pratipAdana karake anumAna ko zAstrArthopayogI aura eka stara taka pahu~cA diyA hai| vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, vAcaspati, udayana aura gaGgeza ne use vizeSa pariSkRta kiyA tathA vyApti, pakSadharmatA, parAmarza jaise tadupayogI abhinava tattvoM ko vivikta karake unakA vistRta evaM sUkSma nirUpaNa kiyA hai| vastutaH akSapAda aura unake anuvartI tArkikoM ne anumAna ko itanA pariSkRta kiyA ki unakA darzana 'nyAya (tarka-anumAna) darzana' ke nAma se hI vizruta ho gyaa| asaMga, vasubandhu, diGa nAga, dharmakIti prabhRti bauddha tAkikoM ne nyAyadarzana kI samAlocanApUrvaka apanI viziSTa aura nayI mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para anumAna kA sUkSma aura pracura cintana prastuta kiyA hai| inake cintana kA avazyambhAvI pariNAma yaha huA ki uttarakAlIna samagra bhAratIya tarkazAstra usase prabhAvita huA aura anumAna kI vicAradhArA paryApta Age bar3hane ke sAtha sUkSma-se-sUkSma evaM jaTila hotI gayI / vAstava meM bauddha tAkikoM ke cintana ne
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________________ hdb . 254 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana prantha tarka meM AyI kuNThA ko haTAkara aura sabhI prakAra ke parivezoM ko dUra kara unmukta bhAva se tattva cintana kI kSamatA pradAna kI / phalataH sabhI darzanoM meM svIkRta anumAna para adhika vicAra huA aura use mahattva milA / IzvarakRSNa, yuktidIpikAkAra, mAThara, vijJAnabhikSu Adi sAMkhyavidvAnoM tathA prabhAkara, kumArila, pArthasArathi prabhRtti mImAMsaka cintakoM ne bhI apane-apane DhaMga se anumAna kA cintana kiyA hai| hamArA vicAra hai ki ina cintakoM kA cintana-viSaya prakRti-puruSa aura kriyA-kANDa hote hue bhI ve anumAna-cintana se achUte nahIM rahe / zruti ke alAvA anumAna ko bhI inheM svIkAra karanA par3A aura usakA kama-bar3ha vivecana kiyA hai| jaina vicAraka to prArambha se hI anumAna ko mAnate Aye haiN| bhale hI use 'anumAna' nAma na dekara hetuvAda' yA 'abhinibodha' saMjJA se unhoMne usakA vyavahAra kiyA ho| tattvajJAna, svatattvasiddhi, parapakSadUSaNodbhAvana ke lie use svIkAra karake unhoMne usakA paryApta vivecana kiyA hai| unake cintana meM jo vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM unameM se kucha kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jAtA hai :anumAna kA parokSa pramANa meM antarbhAva anumAna-pramANavAdI sabhI bhAratIya tAkikoM ne anumAna ko svatantra pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai| para jaina tAkikoM ne use svatantra pramANa nahIM mAnA / pramANa ke unhoMne mUlataH do bheda mAne haiM-(1) pratyakSa aura (2) parokSa / anumAna parokSa pramANa meM antarbhUta hai, kyoMki vaha avizada jJAna hai aura usake dvArA apratyakSa artha kI pratipatti hotI hai| parokSa-pramANa kA kSetra itanA vyApaka aura vizAla hai ki smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, arthApatti sambhava, abhAva aura zabda jaise apratyakSa artha ke paricchedaka avizada jJAnoM kA isI meM samAveza hai tathA vaizadya evaM avaizadya ke AdhAra para svIkRta pratyakSa aura parokSa ke atirikta anya pramANa mAnya nahIM hai| arthApatti anumAna se pRthaka nahIM prabhAkara aura bhATTa mImAMsaka anumAna se pRthak arthApatti nAma kA svatantra pramANa mAnate haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki jahA~ amuka artha amuka artha ke binA na hotA huA usakA parikalpaka hotA hai vahA~ arthApatti pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / jaise-"pIno'yaM devadatto vivA na bhukte" isa vAkya meM ukta 'pInatva' artha' bhojana' ke binA na hotA huA 'rAtribhojana' kI kalpanA karatA hai, kyoMki divAbhojana kA niSedha vAkya meM svayaM ghoSita hai| isa prakAra ke artha kA bodha anumAna se na hokara arthApatti se hotA hai| kintu jaina vicAraka use anumAna se bhinna svIkAra nahIM krte| unakA kahanA hai ki anumAna anyathAnupapanna (avinAbhAvI) hetu se utpanna hotA hai aura arthApatti anyathAnupadyamAna artha se / anyathAnupapanna hetu aura anyathAnupapadyamAna artha donoM eka haiM-unameM koI antara nahIM hai| arthAt donoM hI vyApti viziSTa hone se abhinna haiM / DA. devarAja bhI yahI bAta prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM ki "eka vastu dvArA dUsarI vastu kA AkSepa tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba donoM meM vyApyavyApakabhAva yA vyApti sambandha ho / devadatta moTA hai aura dina meM khAtA nahIM hai| yahA~ arthApatti dvArA rAtri-bhojana kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, para vAstava meM moTApana bhojana kA avinAbhAvI hone tathA dina meM bhojana kA niSedha hone se vaha devadatta ke rAtribhojana kA anumApaka hai / vaha anumAna isa prakAra hai-'devadattaH rAtrau bhukte, divA'mojitve sati pInatvAnyathAnupapatteH / ' yahA~ anyathAnupapatti se antarvyApti vivakSita hai, bahiApti yA sakalavyApti nahIM, kyoMki ye donoM vyAptiyA~ avyabhicarita nahIM haiN| ataH arthApatti aura anumAna donoM vyAptipUrvaka hone se eka hI haiM-pRthak-pRthak pramANa nhiiN| anumAna kA viziSTa svarUpa nyAyasUtrakAra akSapAda kI 'tatpUrvakamanumAnam', prazastapAda kI 'liGgadarzanAtsaMjAyamAnaM laiGgikam' aura udyotakara kI 'liGgaparAmarzo'numAnam' paribhASAoM meM kevala kAraNa kA nirdeza hai, anumAna ke svarUpa kA nahIM / udyotakara kI eka anya paribhASA 'laiGgikI pratipattiranumAnam' meM bhI liGgarUpa kAraNa kA ullekha hai, svarUpa kA nhiiN| diGa nAgaziSya zaGkarasvAmI kI 'anumAna liGgAdarthadarzanam' paribhASA meM yadyapi kAraNa aura svarUpa donoM kI abhivyakti hai, para usameM kAraNa ke rUpa meM liGga ko sUcita kiyA hai, liGga ke jJAna ko nahIM / tathya yaha hai ki ajJAyamAna dhUmAdi liGga agni Adi ke anumApaka nahIM haiM / anyathA jo puruSa soyA huA hai, mUcchita hai, agRhIta-dhyAptika hai use bhI parvata meM dhUma ke sadbhAva mAtra se agni kA anumAna ho jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hai / ataH zaMkarasvAmI ke ukta anumAnalakSaNa meM 'liMgAt' ke sthAna para 'liGgadarzanAt' pada hone para hI vaha pUrNa anumAna lakSaNa ho sakatA hai|
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________________ ++++ caturtha khaNDa : jaMnadarzana - cintana ke vividha AyAma 255 jaina tArkika akalaMkadeva ne jo anumAna kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai vaha ukta nyUnatAoM se mukta hai / unakA lakSaNa hai siddhsaadhyaavinaabhaavaabhiniyo| satphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH / / lirinumAnaM isameM anumAna ke sAkSAtkAraNa- liGgajJAna kA bhI pratipAdana hai aura usakA svarUpa bhI 'liGgidhI' zabda ke dvArA nirdiSTa hai / akalaMka ne svarUpa-nirdeza meM kevala 'dhI' yA 'pratipatti' nahIM kahA, kintu 'liGgidhIH' kahA hai, jisakA artha hai sAdhya kA jJAna, aura sAdhya kA jJAna honA hI anumAna hai| nyAyapravezakAra zaMkarasvAmI ne sAdhya kA sthAnApanna 'artha' kA avazya nirdeza kiyA hai| para unhoMne kAraNa kA nirdeza apUrNa kiyA hai, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai| akalaMka ke isa lakSaNa kI eka vizeSatA aura bhI hai| vaha yaha ki unhoMne 'tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH' zabdoM dvArA anumAna kA phala bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai| sambhavataH inhIM saba bAtoM se uttaravartI sabhI jaina tAkikoM ne akalaMkadeva kI isa pratiSThita aura pUrNa anumAna paribhASA ko hI apnaayaa| isa anumAna lakSaNa se spaSTa hai ki vahI sAdhana athavA liGga-liGgi ( sAdhya - anumeya ) kA gamaka ho sakatA hai jisake avinAbhAva kA nizcaya hai / yadi usameM avinAbhAva kA nizcaya nahIM hai to vaha sAdhana nahIM hai, bhale hI usameM tIna yA pA~ca rUpa vidyamAna hoN| jaise 'vajra lohalekhya hai, kyoMki pArthiva hai, kASTha kI taraha' ityAdi hetu tIna rUpoM aura pA~ca rUpoM se sampanna hone para bhI avinAbhAva ke abhAva se saddhe tu nahIM haiM, apitu hetvAbhAsa haiM aura isI se ve apane sAdhyoM ke anumApaka nahIM mAne jaate| isI prakAra 'eka muhUrta bAda zakaTa kA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRtikA kA udaya ho rahA hai 'samudra meM vRddhi honI cAhie athavA kumudoM kA vikAsa honA cAhie, kyoMki candra kA udaya hai' Adi hetuoM meM pakSa-dharmatva na hone se na trirUpatA hai aura na paMcarUpatA / phira bhI avinAbhAva ke hone se kRttikA kA udaya zakaTodaya kA aura candra kA udaya samudravRddhi evaM kumuda vikAsa kA gamaka hai| , hetu kA ekalakSaNa (anyathAnupapannatva) svarUpa hetu ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana akSapAda se Arambha hotA hai, aisA anusandhAna se pratIta hotA hai / unakA vaha lakSaNa sAdharmya aura vaidharmya donoM dRSTAntoM para AdhArita hai / ataeva naiyAyika cintakoM ne use dvilakSaNa, trilakSaNa, catusaMkSaNa aura paMpaNa pratipAdita kiyA tathA usakI vyAkhyAeM kI haiN| vaizeSika, bauddha, sAMkhya Adi vicArakoM ne use mAtra trilakSaNa batalAyA hai| kucha tArkikoM ne SaDlakSaNa aura saptalakSaNa bhI use kahA hai, jaisA ki hamane anyatra vicAra kiyA hai / 4 para jaina lekhakoM ne avinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA pradhAna aura ekalakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai, tathA trairUpya, pA~carUpya Adi ko avyApta aura ativyApta batalAyA hai, jaisA ki Upara anumAna ke svarUpa meM pradarzita udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai / isa avinAbhAva ko hI anyathAnupapannatva athavA anyathAnupapatti yA antarvyApti kahA hai| smaraNa rahe ki yaha avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapannatva jaina lekhakoM kI hI upalabdhi hai jisake udbhAvaka AcArya samantabhadra haiM, yaha hamane vistAra ke sAtha anyatra vivecana kiyA hai / anumAna kA aGga ekamAtra vyApti nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, mImAMsaka aura bauddha sabhI ne pakSadharmatA aura vyApti ko anumAna kA aMga mAnA hai / parantu jaina tArkikoM ne kevala vyApti ko usakA aMga batalAyA hai| unakA mata hai ki anumAna meM pakSadharmatA anAvazyaka hai / 'upari vRSTirabhUt adhopUrAnyathAnupapateH' Adi anumAnoM meM hetu pakSadharma nahIM hai, phira bhI vyApti ke bala se vaha yaha gamaka hai "zyAmastA puruvAditaratatputravat" ityAdi asad anumAnoM meM hetu pakSadharma hai kintu avinAbhAva na hone se ve anumApaka nahIM haiN| ataH jaina cintaka anumAna kA aGga ekamAtra vyApti (avinAbhAva ) ko hI svIkAra karate haiM, pakSadharmatA ko nahIM / pUrvapara, uttaravara aura sahacara hetuoM ko parikalpanA 1 alaMkadeva ne kucha aise hetuoM kI parikalpanA kI hai jo unase pUrva nahIM mAne gaye the unameM mukhyatayA pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ye tIna hetu haiN| inheM kisI anya tArkika ne svIkAra kiyA ho, yaha jJAta nhiiN| kintu akalaMka ne inakI AvazyakatA evaM atiriktatA kA spaSTa nirdeza karate hue svarUpa pratipAdana kiyA hai| ataH yaha unakI dena kahI jA sakatI hai / O
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________________ . 256 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha pratipAdyoM kI apekSA anumAna-prayoga anumAna prayoga ke sambandha meM jahA~ anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM vyutpanna aura avyutpanna pratipAdyoM kI vivakSA kiye binA avayavoM kA sAmAnya kathana milatA hai vahA~ jaina vicArakoM ne ukta pratipAdyoM kI apekSA unakA vizeSa pratipAdana bhI kiyA hai / vyutpannoM ke lie unhoMne pakSa aura hetu ye do avayava Avazyaka batalAye haiN| unheM dRSTAnta Avazyaka nahIM hai| 'sarva kSaNika sattvAt' jaise sthaloM meM bauddhoM ne, 'sarvamabhidheya prameyatvAt' jaise kevalAnvayihetuka anumAnoM meM naiyAyikoM ne bhI dRSTAnta ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| avyutpannoM ke lie ukta donoM avayavoM ke sAtha dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ina tIna avayavoM kI bhI jaina cintakoM ne yathAyogya AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai| ise aura spaSTa yoM samajhie gRddhapiccha, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda aura siddhasena ke pratipAdanoM se avagata hotA hai ki Arambha meM pratipAdyasAmAnya kI apekSA se pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoM se abhipretArtha (sAdhya) kI siddhi kI jAtI thii| para uttarakAla meM akalaMka kA saMketa pAkara kumAranandi aura vidyAnanda ne pratipAdyoM ko vyutpanna aura avyutpanna do vargoM meM vibhakta karake unakI apekSA se pRthaka-pRthaka avayavoM kA kathana kiyaa| unake bAda mANikyanandi, devasUri Adi paravartI jaina-granthakAroM ne unakA samarthana kiyA aura spaSTatayA vyutpannoM ke lie pakSa aura hetu ye do tathA avyutpannoM ke bodhArtha ukta do ke atirikta dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ye tIna saba milAkara pA~ca avayava nirUpita kiye / bhadrabAhu ne pratijJAzuddhi Adi daza avayavoM kA bhI upadeza diyA, jisakA anusaraNa devasUri, hemacandra aura yazovijaya ne kiyaa| vyApti kA grAhaka ekamAtra tarka ___ anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhUyodarzana, sahacAradarzana aura vyabhicArAgraha ko vyAptigrAhaka mAnA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana meM vAcaspati aura sAMkhyadarzana meM vijJAnabhikSu ina do tAkikoM ne vyAptigraha kI uparyukta sAmagrI meM tarka ko bhI sammilita kara liyaa| unake bAda udayana, gaMgeza, vartamAna prabhRti tArkikoM ne bhI use vyAptigrAhaka mAna liyaa| para smaraNa rahe, jaina paramparA meM Arambha se tarka ko, jise cintA, UhA Adi zabdoM se vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai, anumAna kI ekamAtra sAmagrI ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai / akalaMka aise jaina tArkika haiM, jinhoMne vAcaspati aura vijJAnabhikSu se pUrva sarvaprathama tarka ko dhyAptigrAhaka samarthita evaM sammuSTa kiyA tathA sabalatA se usakA prAmANya sthApita kiyaa| unake pazcAt sabhI ne use vyAptigrAhaka svIkAra kara liyA / tathopapatti aura anyathAnupatti yadyapi bahirvyApti, sakalavyApti aura antarvyApti ke bheda se vyApti ke tIna bhedoM, samavyApti aura viSamavyApti ke bheda se usake do prakAroM tathA anvayavyApti aura vyatirekavyApti ina bhedoM kA varNana takagranthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ina do vyApti prakAroM (vyApti prayogoM) kA kathana kevala jaina tarkagranthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina para dhyAna dene para jo vizeSatA jJAta hotI hai vaha yaha hai ki anumAna eka jJAna hai, usakA upAdAna kAraNa jJAna hI honA cAhie / tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ye donoM jJAnAtmaka haiM jabaki uparyukta vyAptiyAM jJayAtmaka haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ukta vyAptiyoM meM mAtra antarvyApti hI eka aisI vyApti hai, jo hetu kI gamakatA meM prayojaka hai, anya vyAptiyA~ antarvyApti ke binA avyApta aura ativyApta haiN| ataeva ve sAdhaka nahIM haiM tathA yaha antarvyApti hI tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti hai athavA unakA viSaya hai| ina donoM meM se kisI eka kA hI prayoga paryApta hai / inakA vizeSa vivecana anyatra dRSTavya hai| sAdhyAmAsa akalaMka ne anumAnAbhAsoM ke vivecana meM pakSAbhAsa yA pratijJAbhAsa ke sthAna meM sAdhyAbhAsa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / akalaMka ke isa parivartana ke kAraNa para sUkSma dhyAna dene para avagata hotA hai ki cUMki sAdhana kA viSaya (gamya) sAdhya hotA hai aura sAdhana kA avinAbhAva (vyApti sambandha) sAdhya ke hI sAtha hotA hai, pakSa yA pratijJA ke sAtha nahIM, ataH sAdhanAbhAsa (hetvAbhAsa) kA viSaya sAdhyAbhAsa hone se use hI sAdhanAbhAsoM kI taraha svIkAra kara vivecita karanA yukta hai| vidyAnanda ne akalaMka kI isa sUkSma dRSTi ko parakhA aura unakA sayuktika samarthana kiyaa| yathArtha meM anumAna ke mukhya prayojaka tattva sAdhana aura sAdhya hone se tathA sAdhana kA sIdhA sambandha sAdhya ke sAtha hI hone se sAdhanAbhAsa kI bhA~ti sAdhyAbhAsa hI vivecanIya hai| akalaMka ne zakya, abhipreta aura asiddha ko sAdhya tathA 00
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________________ caturtha khaNDa : janadarzana-cintana ke vividha AyAma 257 azakya, anabhipreta aura siddha ko sAdhyAbhAsa pratipAdita kiyA hai-(sAdhyaM zakyamabhipreta prasiddhaM tato'param / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH / ) akiJcitakara hetvAbhAsa hetvAbhAsoM ke vivecana-sandarbha meM siddhasena ne kaNAda aura nyAyapravezakAra kI taraha tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA kathana kiyA hai, akSapAda kI bhAMti unhoMne pA~ca hetvAbhAsa svIkAra nahIM kiye| prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaina tArkika hetu kA eka (avinAbhAva-anyathAnupapannatva) rUpa mAnate haiM, ataH usake abhAva meM unakA hetvAbhAsa eka hI honA cAhie / vaizeSika, bauddha aura sAMkhya hetu ko trirUpa tathA naiyAyika paMcarUpa svIkAra karate haiM, ataH unake abhAva meM unake anusAra tIna aura pAMca hetvAbhAsa to yukta haiM / para siddhasena kA hetvAbhAsa-traividhya pratipAdana kaise yuktiyukta hai ? isakA samAdhAna siddhasena svayaM karate hue kahate haiM ki cUMki anyathAnupapannatva kA abhAva tIna taraha se hotA hai- kahIM usakI pratIti na hone, kahIM usameM sandeha hone aura kahIM usakA viparyAsa hone se pratIti na hone para asiddha, sandeha hone para anaikAntika aura viparyAsa hone para viruddha ye tIna hetvAbhAsa hote haiN| akalaMka kahate haiM ki yathArtha meM hetvAbhAsa eka hI hai aura vaha hai akiMcitkara, jo anyathAnupapannatva ke abhAva meM hotA hai / vAstava meM anumAna kA utthApaka avinAbhAvI hetu hI hai, ataH avinAbhAva (anyathAnupapannatva) ke abhAva meM hetvAbhAsa kI sRSTi hotI hai| yataH hetu eka anyathAnupapannarUpa hI hai ataH usake abhAva meM mUlataH eka hI hetvAbhAsa mAnya hai aura vaha hai anyathAupapannatva arthAt akiMcitkara / asiddhAdi usI kA vistAra hai| isa prakAra akalaMka ke dvArA 'akiMcitkara' nAma ke naye hetvAbhAsa kI parikalpanA unakI anyatama upalabdhi hai| bAlaprayogAbhAsa mANikyanandi ne AbhAsoM kA vicAra karate hue anumAnAbhAsa sandarbha meM eka 'bAlaprayogAbhAsa' nAma ke naye anumAnAbhAsa kI carcA prastuta kI hai| isa prayogAbhAsa kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa mandaprajJa ko samajhAne ke lie tIna avayavoM kI AvazyakatA hai usake lie do hI avayavoM kA prayoga karanA, jise cAra kI AvazyakatA hai use tIna aura jise pA~ca kI jarUrata hai use cAra kA hI prayoga karanA athavA viparIta krama se avayavoM kA kathana karanA bAlaprayogAbhAsa hai aura isa taraha ve cAra (dvi-avayava prayogAbhAsa, tri-avayava prayogAbhAsa, caturavayavaprayogAbhAsa aura viparItAvayavaprayogAbhAsa), sambhava haiM / mANikyanandi se pUrva inakA kathana dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / ataH inake puraskartA mANikyanandi pratIta hote haiN| anumAna matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM rUpa haiM jaina vAGmaya meM anumAna ko abhinibodhamatijJAna aura zruta donoM nirUpita kiyA hai / tattvArthasUtrakAra ne use abhinibodha kahA hai jo matijJAna ke paryAyoM meM paThita hai / SaTkhaNDAgamakAra bhUtabali-puSpadanta ne use 'hetuvAda' nAma se vyavahRta kiyA hai aura zruta ke paryAyanAmoM meM ginAyA hai / yadyapi ina donoM kathanoM meM kucha virodha-sA pratIta hogA / para vidyAnanda ne ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra ne svArthAnumAna ko abhinibodha kahA hai, jo vacanAtmaka nahIM hai aura SaTkhaNDAgamakAra tathA unake vyAkhyAkAra vIrasena ne parArthAnumAna ko zrutarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai, jo vacanAtmaka hotA hai| vidyAnanda kA yaha samanvayAtmaka sUkSma cintana jaina tarkazAstra meM eka nayA vicAra hai jo vizeSa ullekhya hai / isa upalabdhi kA sambandha vizeSatayA jaina jJAnamImAMsA ke sAtha hai| isa taraha jaina cintakoM kI anumAna viSaya meM aneka upalabdhiyA~ haiM / unakA anumAna-sambandhI cintana bhAratIya tarkazAstra ke lie kaI naye tattva pradAna karatA hai| sandarbha evaM sandarbha sthala 1 bRhadAraNya0 2 / 4 / 5 2 zrotavyo zrutivAkyobhyo mantavyazcopapattibhiH / matvA ca satataM dhyeya ete darzanahetavaH / / 3 pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana, pR0 71 / 4 jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra, pR0 256, vIra sevAmandira TrasTa, vArANasI 1666
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________________ 258 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha rimmunountummmmm...mama.ma.00mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. 5 jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra, vIra sevAmandira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI sandarbha grantha 1 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 2 SaTkhaNDAgama-bhUtabali puSpadanta 3 bhagavatIsUtra 4 niyamasAra tathA pravacanasAra-kundakunda devAgama aparanAma AptamImAMsA-samantabhadra, vIra sevAmandira TrasTa, 1967 6 laghIyastraya, pramANasaMgraha, nyAyavinizcaya-akalaMka 7 pramANa-parIkSA, patra-parIkSA, tattvArthazlokavArtika-vidyAnanda 8 parIkSAmukha-mANikyanandi 6 prameyakamala mArtaNDa-prabhAcandra 10 pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra- devasUri 11 pramINamImAMsA-hemacandra 12 nyAyAvatAra-siddhasena 13 jJAnabindu-yazovijaya 14 nyAyadIpikA-abhinava dharmabhUSaNa 15 tattvArthasUtra-gRddhapiccha (umAsvAmi) 16 jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra, DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIra sevAmandira TrasTa, 1966 puSka ---0-0-0-0-0--0--0-0-0--0-0--0--02 ra-vANI -0-0-0--0--0--0--0-0-0-0--0-0--0----0--0--0-0-0--0--0--- tumbA svayaM meM halakA hai to vaha sadA pAnI para tairatA hai, geMda halakI hai / isalie Ananda se uchalatI hai / miTTI kA lepa lagane se tumbA pAnI meM nIce paiThatA hai aura miTTI kIcar3a Adi se bhArI hone para geMda bhI nahIM uchala paatii| AtmA bhI svayaM meM halakA, bhAra-rahita hai isalie sadA Urdhvagati vAlA aura sadA prasannasthiti vAlA hai kintu vikAra-kaSAyoM ke bhAra se dabakara vaha nimnagati vAlA ho jAtA hai| h-0--0-0--0--0-0--0--0--0-0--0--0--0--0-S X pratyeka manuSya jisa prakAra bAhya AkRti se bhinna hai, usI prakAra antar prakRti se bhI / jaba saba ke bAharI AkAra ko eka nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, to bhItarI vicAra eka kaise ho sakate haiM / n-o-0-0--0--0------------------------------0-0--0-puSka ra-vANI