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________________ taMtra kevala dharma yA vizvAsa hI nahIM varan eka vizeSa prakAra kI jIvana paddhati bhI hai / bhAratIyoM meM prAcIna kAla se hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM taMtra bhAva vidyamAna rahA hai / " brAhmaNa aura bauddha dharmoM ke samAna jaina dharma meM bhI prAcIna kAla se hI taMtra kA vizeSa mahattva thaa| para jaina dharma meM taMtra mukhyataH maMtravAda ke rUpa meM thA / jaina dharma meM tAMtrika sAdhanA ke ghinaune AcaraNa pakSa ko kabhI bhI mAnyatA nahIM milI / maMtravAda kI jaina paramparA guptakAla meM prArambha huI aura madhyakAla taka usameM nirantara vikAsa hotA gayA / 1. 2. jaina dharma meM maMtravAda ke sAtha hI zArIrika, mAnasika aura AtmA kI zAnti tathA pavitratA ke lie vidyA-zakti ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA / vidvAn maMtra aura vidyA meM bheda batAte haiM, kintu divya zaktiyoM se sambandhita donoM hI paddhatiyA~ mUlataH eka haiN| maMtravAda meM om, hrIm klIm, svAhA jaise akSaroM evaM pratIkoM dvArA vibhinna devoM kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai jabaki vidyA, deviyoM kI sAdhanA se sambandhita hai / samavAyAMgasUtra meM maMtra aura vidyAoM kI sAdhanA ko pApa zruta meM rakhA gayA hai jisakA vyavahAra jaina bhikSuoM ke lie niSiddha thA / para dUsarI ora nAyAdhammakahAo meM mahAvIra ke ziSya sudharmA ko vijjA (vidyA) aura maMtra donoM hI kA jJAtA bhI kahA gayA hai / " 3. 4. 5. jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI 6. 7. DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI, DaoN0 kamala giri, filipa, raoNsana, di ArTa oNva taMtra, dillI, 1973, pR0 9-12 draSTavya zAha, yU0 pI0, 'e pIpa inaTU di arlI hisTrI Apha taMtra ina jaina liTrecara', bharata kaumudI khaNDa - 2, 1947, pR0 839-54; zarmA, bI0 ena0, sozala lAipha ina nArdanaM iNDiyA, dillI, 1966, pR0 212-13 jhaverI, mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa, kampareTiva aiNDa kriTikala sTaDI oNva maMtrazAstra, ahamadAbAda, 1944, pR0 293-94; vimalasUri ( 0 473 I0), mAnatuMgasUri ( ba0 prArambhika 7vIM zatI I0) haribhadrasUri (la0 745-85 I0), udyotanasUri (778 30) evaM bappabhaTTisUri jaise prArambhika jaina AcAryoM kI racanAoM meM maMtra aura vidyAoM ke paryApta prArambhika saMdarbha haiM / nemicandra, vardhamAnasUri evaM anya aneka paravartI jaina AcAryoM kI racanAoM ke mAMtrika zlokoM meM maMtroM evaM vidyAoM ke pracura evaM vistRta ullekha milate haiM / jhaverI, mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 294 jinabhadrakSamAzramaNakRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya (la0 585 I0) gAthA 3589 : saM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM becaradAsa, je0 dozI, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI sirIz2a 21, ahamadAbAda, 1968; zAha, yU0pI0, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 850-51 zAha, yU0pI0, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 843-44 nAdhammaka hAo 1.4 : saM0 ena0 bI0 vaidya, pUnA, 1940, 501
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________________ mainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI 159 vidyAoM ke sandarbha prArambhika Agama granthoM meM bhI haiN| pAMcavI zatI I0 taka jaina dharma meM inakA eka nizcita sthAna bana cukA thaa| vimalasUrikRta paumacariya (lagabhaga 473 I0) meM garuDA ( kAlAntara meM cakrezvarI ), siMhavAhinI ( ambikA ), bahurUpA ( bahurUpiNI ), nidrANI, siddhArthA, sarvakAmA, mahAsundarI jaisI kaI vidyAoM ke sandarbha haiN| vibhinna avasaroM para rAma, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa Adi ne inakI sAdhanA kI thii| koTyAryavAdI gaNi ne bhI jaina taMtra meM pracalita kucha vidyAoM ke sandarbha diye haiN| jaina paramparA meM vidyAoM kI kula saMkhyA 48 hajAra batAyI gayI hai| inameM se 16 vidyAoM ko lekara AThavIM zatI I0 meM mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI niyata huii| inhIM mahAvidyAoM meM se kucha ko (rohiNI, prajJapti, kAlI, apraticakrA, mahAkAlI, gaurI, vairoTyA, mAnasI, vajrazRGkhalA, jvAlAmAlinI tathA mahAmAnasI) 8vIM-9vIM zatI I0 meM 24 yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM bhI sammilita kiyA gayA / devagar3ha ke zAntinAtha mandira (saM0 12, 862 I0) para nirUpita 24 yakSiyoM ke samUha meM ina mahAvidyAoM (apraticakrA, vajrazRGkhalA, naradattA, mahAkAlI, veroTyA, acchuptA tathA mahAmAnasI) ko spaSTataH pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| madhyakAla kI lokapriya vidyAoM meM kuSmANDI (yA ambikA), padmAvatI, veroTyA aura jvAlAmAlinI sarvapramukha thiiN| jaina dharma meM zrata vidyA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA atyanta prAcIna hai| dvAdazAMga jaina granthoM ko zrutadevatA ke avayava aura 14 pUrva granthoM ko unakA AbhUSaNa batAyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM sarasvatI kI sAdhanA ajJAnatA tathA duHkhoM ko dUra karane ke lie kI gayI hai| brAhmaNa dharma meM sarasvatI ko prArambha se hI vidyA ke sAtha vibhinna lalitakalAoM (saMgIta) kI devI bhI mAnA gayA para jaina dharma meM lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 taka sarasvatI kevala vidyA kI hI devI rhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki 10vIM zatI I0 ke pUrva unake saMgIta yA anya lalitakalAoM se sambandhita hone ke saMketa sAhitya yA mUrta rUpoM meM hameM nahIM milate haiN| 1. sUtrakRtAMga (2.2.15-pI0 ela0 vaidya-saM0, 1, 1928, pR0 87) evaM nAyAdhammakahAo (16, 129-ena0 vo0 vaidya-saM0, pR0 189) meM utpatanI, vetAlI, gaurI, gandhArI, jambhaNi, stambhanI, antardhAnI evaM anya kaI vidyAoM ke nAmollekha milate haiN| paumacariya 7. 73-107, 7.144-45, 59.84, 67.1-3 : eka sthala para paumacariya meM rAma ke sAtha yuddha ke prasaGga meM rAvaNa dvArA 55 vidyAoM kI sAmahika sAdhanA kI bhI ullekha hai (7.135-44) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para koTyAryavAdI rgANa kI TIkA meM bhI ambakuSmANDI, mahArohiNI, mahApuruSadattA evaM mahAprajJapti vidyAoM ke nAmollekha hai (gAthA 3590) saMghadAsagaNi (la. 700 I0) ke vasudevahiNDI evaM hemacandrasUri (12vIM zatI I0 kA madhya) ke trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM vidyAoM kI kula saMkhyA 480.. batAI gaI hai| digambara granthakAra malliSeNa evaM indranandi ne kramazaH bhairava padmAvatIkalpa (la0 1047 I0) aura jvAlinImAtA (la0 939 I.) kI racanA kI thii| dvAdazAMgazrutadevAdhidevate sarasvatyai svAhA, nirvANakalikA, pR0 17 : draSTavya zAha, yU0 pI0, AikanogrAphI oNva jaina gADesa sarasvatI, jarnala oNva yUnivarsiTI oNva baoNmbe, khaNDa-10, (nyU sirIja), bhAga-2, sitambara 1941, pR0 196
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________________ DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI evaM DaoN. kamalagiri jJAna aura pavitratA kI devI hone ke kAraNa hI sarasvatI ke sAtha haMsavAhana aura karoM meM pustaka, akSamAlA, varadamudrA tathA jalapAtra dikhAye gye| jaina dharma meM sarasvatI pUjana kI prAcInatA vyAkhyAprajJapti (lagabhaga dUsarI-tIsarI zatI I0), zivazarmAkRta pakSikasUtra (lagabhaga 5vIM zatI I0), siMhasUri kSamAzramaNakRta dvAvazAraNyacakravatti (lagabhaga 675 I0), haribhadra sUrikRta paMcAzaka (lagabhaga 775 I0) aura saMsAra-dhAvAnala-stotra, mahAnizIthasUtra (lagabhaga 9vIM zatI I0) tathA bappaTTi sUrikRta zAradAstotra (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I0 kA tIsarA caraNa) ke sAhityika sandarbho evaM purAtAtvika udAharaNoM meM mathurA se prApta prAcInatama kuSANakAlona (132 I0 yA 149 60) sarasvatI pratimA se samajhI jA sakatI hai| jaina mandiroM, vizeSataH pazcima bhArata ke mandiroM, para sarasvatI ke anekazaH nirUpaNa se bhI sarasvatI pUjana ko lokapriyatA siddha hotI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM jJAnapaMcamI aura digambara paramparA meM zrutapaMcamI kA Ayojana bhI sarasvatI kI lokapriyatA kA hI sAkSI hai| jainoM meM pracalita zrutadevatA, tapasa, zrutaskandha aura zrutajJAna vrata bhI sarasvatI se hI sambandhita haiN|' digambara sampradAya kI apekSA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatI pUjana adhika lokapriya thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bAdAmI, aihola evaM elorA jaise digambara jaina sthaloM para sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ nahIM bniiN| pUrva madhyakAla meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatI ko sAdhanA zakti ke rUpa meM bhI kI gaI, jisameM Age calakara taMtra kA bhI praveza huaa| prabhAcandrAcAryakRta prabhAvakacarita (lagabhaga 1250 I0), merutuMgAcArya kRta prabandhacintAmaNi (lagabhaga 1305-06 I0) rAjazekharasUrikRta prabandhakoza (lagabhaga 1348-49 I0) tathA jinamaNDanakRta kumArapAlacarita (lagabhaga 1435-36 I0) jaise madhyakAlIna jaina granthoM meM jaina bhikSuoM evaM bappabhaTTisUri, hemacandra, malliSeNa, mallavAdisUri (dvitIya) tathA naracandrasUri jaise jaina AcAryoM dvArA sarasvatI kI tAMtrika sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna vidyAparaka zaktiyAM prApta karane ke pracura ullekha haiN| sarasvatI kI mAMtrika evaM tAntrika sAdhanAoM se asAdhAraNa kavi aura vAdI banane ke sAtha hI anya kaI prakAra kI vidyA zaktiyAM bhI prApta hotI thiiN| hemacandra ne alaMkAracUDAmaNi meM aise sArasvata maMtroM ko pUrNa mAnyatA bhI dI hai| pratidvandviyoM para vijaya karane ke lie hemacandra tathA anya kaI jaina AcAryoM ne brAhmI devI kI kRpA prApta karane ke uddezya se brAhmIdeza (kazmIra) kI yAtrA bhI kI thii|4 prabandhakAvyoM meM gopagiri ke zAsaka AmarAja ke darabAra ke bauddha bhASAkAra vardhanakuMjara ko parAjita karane ke lie jaina AcArya bappabhaTTisUri dvArA sarasvatI kI sAdhanA karane kA vistRta 1. zAha, ya0 pI0, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 196. 2. caturvizatikA (bappaTTisUri kRta)-pariziSTa zAradAstotra 11; mainastotrasaMdoha (amarazata natAMgiH kAmadhenu kviinaam|. khaNDa-1, saM0 amaravijayamuni, ahamadAbAda, 1932, pR. 346 3. alaMkAracUDAmaNi 1.4 (jI0 byUhalara ke di lAIpha oNva hemacandrAcArya se uddhRta, siMghI jaina granthamAlA-11, zAMtiniketana, 1936, pR0 10) 4. jI0 vyUhalara, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 10.
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________________ jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI ullekha milatA hai|' prabhAvakacarita meM ullekha hai ki bappabhaTTi aura vardhanakuMjara ke madhya nirantara chaH mAha taka vAda calatA rahA, para koI nirNaya nahIM ho skaa| taba bappabhaTTi ne vijaya ke lie guru se prApta maMtra dvArA madhyarAtri meM girAdevI (sarasvatI) kA AhvAna kiyaa| maMtra itanA prabhAvazAlI thA ki sarasvatI bappabhaTTi ke samakSa itanI tvarA meM upasthita huI ki vastra dhAraNa karanA bhI bhUla gaIM (anaavRttshriirm)| isa avasara para bappabhaTTi ne sarasvatI kI prazaMsA meM 14 zlokoM vAle eka stotra kI bhI racanA kI thii| isa para prasanna hokara sarasvatI ne bappabhaTTi ko batAyA ki vardhanakuMjara pichale sAta janmoM se unakA ananya bhakta hai aura sarasvatI ne hI use vAda meM aparAjeya banAne vAlI akSayavacanaguTikA dI hai| bappabhaTTi kI prArthanA para sarasvatI ne hI unheM vardhanakuMjara para vijaya kA upAya bhI btaayaa| vAda ke daurAna mukhazauca kA prastAva karane para devI kI kRpA se mukhazauca ke samaya vardhanakuMjara ke mukha se jaba akSayavacanaguTikA gira jAegI tabhI bappabhaTTi use parAjita kara skeNge| bappabhaTTi ne devI ke AdezAnusAra kArya kiyA aura vardhanakuMjara ko ko parAjita kara vAdikuMjarakezarI bane / yaha kathA sarasvatI sAdhanA se prApta alaukika zakti ko prakaTa karatI hai| sarasvatI ne bappabhaTTi ko yaha bhI nirdeza diyA ki 14 zlokoM vAle stotra ko ve kisI anya vyakti ko na batAyeM kyoMki vaha stotra (maMtra) itanA prabhAvazAlI hai ki usake uccAraNamAtra se hI unheM sAdhaka ke samakSa vivazataH upasthita honA pdd'egaa| yahI kathA prabandhakoza meM bhI milatI hai, kintu yahA~ sarasvatI ke nirvastra upasthita hone kA sandarbha nahIM hai / hemacandrasUri (12vI zatI I0) bhI anya cAmatkArika zaktiyoM ke sAtha hI sArasvata zakti sampanna the| prabhAvakacarita meM ullekha hai ki caulukyarAja jayasiMha ne hemacandra se ujjaina ke prabhAvakacarita (prabhAcandrAcAryakRta-saM0 jinavijayamuni, siMghI jaina granthamAlA-13, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA, 1940) 11-bappabhaTTisUricarita, prabandhakoza (rAjazekharasUrikRta, saM0 jinavijayamuni, prathama bhAga, siMghI jaina granthamAlA-6, zAMtiniketana, 1935) 9bappabhaTTisUriprabandha. prAgdattaM gurubhirmanvaM parAvataMyataH sataH / vivattaMse bhavanmantrajApAt tuSTAhamAgatA // varaM vRNviti tatrokto bappabhaTTiruvAca ca / devI prAhAmunA saptabhavA nArAdhitA'smyaham / / pradattA guTikAkSayyavacanA'sya mayA tataH / tatprabhAvAd vaco nAsya hIyate ytinaayk!|| sarasvatI punaH prAha nAhaM jainavirodhinI / upAyaM te'payiSyAmi yathAsau jIyate budhaH // caturdazaM punavRttaM na prakAzyaM kadApi hi / yatastatra zrute sAkSAdbhavitavyaM mayA dhruvam // prabhAvakacarita 11 : bappabhaTTisUricarita 419-442. 3. prabandhakoza-9 bappabhaTTisUriprabandha. 4. jI0. byUhalara, pUrva niviSTa, pR0 54. 21
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________________ 162 DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI evaM DaoN0 kamalagiri paramAra zAsaka bhoja ke vyAkaraNa ke samAna hI eka vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kA nivedana kiyA thA / hemacandra ne isake lie kazmIra ke sarasvatI pustakAlaya se ATha vyAkaraNa granthoM ko maMgAyA thaa| isa nimitta kazmIra gaye adhikAriyoM kI prazaMsA se prasanna hokara sarasvatI svayaM upasthita huIM aura unhoMne apane bhakta hemacandra ke pAsa pUrva racita vyAkaraNa granthoM ko sandarbha hetu bhejane kI AjJA dI / hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa grantha pUrA hone para sarasvatI ne use apane kazmIra sthita mandira ke pustakAlaya ke lie svIkAra bhI kiyA thA / " prabandhakoza meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra hemacandra ne caulukya kumArapAla kA pUrvabhava jAnane ke lie sarasvatI nadI ke kinAre sarasvatI devI kA AhvAna kiyA thA tIna dinoM ke dhyAna ke pazcAt sarasvatI ( vidyA devI ) svayaM upasthita huIM aura unhoMne hemacandra ko kumArapAla ke pUrvabhavoM ke bAre meM batAyA / 2 bhairava - padmAvatI-kalpa evaM bhAratI kalpa ke racanAkAra malliSeNasUri ( lagabhaga 1047 I0 ) bhI sArasvata zakti ( sarasvatI labdhavaraprAsAdaH ) sampanna the / 2 vasantavilAsa ke racanAkAra siddhasArasvata bAlacandrasUri ( lagabhaga prArambhika 13vIM zatI I0 ) ne bhI saphalatApUrvaka sarasvatI kI mAMtrika sAdhanA kI thI / prabhAvakacarita evaM prabandhacintAmaNi meM zIlAditya ke darabAra ke mallavAdisUri kA ullekha milatA hai jinheM sarasvatI ne nayacakra diyA thA | granthoM meM bauddhoM ko vAda meM parAjita karane ke lie mallavAdisUri ke gale meM sarasvatI ke praveza kA bhI sandarbha milatA hai / mallavAdi ne apanI vilakSaNa smaraNa zakti se sarasvatI ko prasanna kiyA thaa| kathA ke anusAra eka bAra jaba mallavAdisUri sarasvatI kI sAdhanA meM tallIna the usI samaya AkAza meM vicaraNa karatI sarasvatI ne unase pUchA ki kaunasI vastu sabase mIThI hai / ( kemiSThA ) ? mallavAdi ne turanta uttara diyA gehU~ ke dAne ( vallA ) / chaH mAha bAda punaH sarasvatI ne unase pUchA kisake sAtha (keneti ) / mallavAdi ne tatkSaNa chaH mAha purAne sandarbha ke prasaMga meM uttara diyA gur3a aura ghI ke sAtha ( guDaghRteneti ) / isa apUrva smaraNazakti vAle uttara se sarasvatI atyanta prasanna huI aura unhoMne 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. jI0 byUhalara, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 15-16 prabandhakoza - 10 hemasUriprabandha labdhavANIprasAdena malliSeNena sUriNA / racyate bhAratIkalpaH svalpajApyaphalapradaH // bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa, pariziSTa 11 : sarasvatI maMtrakalpa ( vastutaH bhAratIkalpa ) zloka 3, saM0 ke0 vI0 abhyaMkara, ahamadAbAda, 1937, pR0 61; mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa jhaverI, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 300 gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sirIz2a, khaNDa 7, pR0 5; kanAIlAla bhaTTAcArya, sarasvatI, kalakattA, 1983, pR0 109 prabandhacintAmaNi (aMgrejI anu0 sI0 eca0 TaoNnI, dillI, 1982, pR0 171-72 ), paMcama prakAza : 11 prakIrNaka prabandha: mallavAdiprabandha (saM0 jinavijayamuni, bhAga - 1, siMghI jaina granthamAlA 1, zAMtiniketana, 1933, pR0 107; nRpatisabhAyAM pUrvoditapaNabandhapUrvakaM kaNThapIThAvatIrNazrIvAgdevatAbalena zrI mallastAMstarasaiva nirUttarIcakAra /
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________________ jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI 163 mallavAdi ko icchita varadAna diyA / prabhAvakacarita (10/32 ) ke anusAra sarasvatI ne mallavAdi ko mAtra eka hI zloka dvArA sampUrNa zAstra kA artha samajhane kI alaukika zakti pradAna kI thI : " zlokenaikena zAstrasya sarvamarthaM grahISyasi / " eka dUsarI kathA vRddhivAdisUri ( lagabhaga cauthI zatI I0 ) se sambandhita hai jisane 21 dinoM ke upavAsa dvArA jinAlaya meM sarasvatI kA AhvAna kiyA thA / isa kaThina ArAdhanA se prasanna hokara sarasvatI ne vRddhavAdi ko sabhI vidyAoM (sarvavidyAsiddha) meM pAraMgata hone kA varadAna diyA thA / sarasvatI ke varadAna ke bAda vRddhavAdi ne mAntrika zakti dvArA prajJA mUsala para puSpoM kI varSA kA sArvajanika pradarzana bhI kiyA thA / prabandhakoza ke harihara - prabandha (12) meM bhI sArasvata zakti se sambandhita eka rocaka kathA milatI hai / vastupAla ke darabAra meM gaur3a kavi harihara ne gujarAta ke kavi somezvara ko apamAnita kiyA thA / somezvara ne 108 zlokoM kI racanA kI aura use vastupAla aura harihara ko sunAyA / stotra sunakara harihara ne kahA ki yaha mUla racanA na hokara bhojadeva kI racanA kI anukRti hai jise unhoMne "sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa prAsAda" ke saMgraha meM dekhA thA / apanI bAta kI puSTi meM harihara ne sampurNa stotra hI duharA diyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt svayaM harihara ne vastupAla ko yaha batAyA ki sArasvata maMtra kI sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa prApta apUrva smaraNazakti ke kAraNa hI ve 108 zlokoM, SaTpadakAvya tathA anya aneka bAtoM ko kevala eka bAra sunakara hI yAda rakhane meM samartha the / isI kAraNa ve somezvara ke 108 zlokoM kI tatkAla punarAvRtti kara sake the / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke dhyAnamaMtroM meM tAMtrika zailI meM sarasvatIpUjana ke aneka sandarbha haiM / jaina granthoM meM devI ko do, cAra yA usase adhika bhujAoM vAlA aura vividha AyudhoM se yukta batAyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM devI kA vAhana haMsa hai jabaki digambara paramparA meM devI mayUravAhanI batAI gaI haiM / sarvaprathama bappabhaTTisUri ke zAradAstotra meM sarasvatI pUjana kA ullekha milatA hai / bappabhaTTi kI caturviMzatikA meM RSabhanAtha, mallinAtha aura munisuvrata jinoM ke sAtha bhI zrutadevatA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai / malliSeNakRta bhAratIkalpa evaM sarasvatI-kalpa, hemacandrasUrikRta siddhasArasvata- stava aura jinaprabha 1. 2. 3. 4. prabhAvakacarita : 10 mallavAdisUricarita 22 - 35; prabandhacintAmaNi (sI0 eca0 TaoNnI anu0 ), pR0 171-72 prabandhakoza: vRddhavAdi- siddhasenaprabandha, pR0 15; prabhAvakacarita 8 vRddhavAdisUricarita, zloka 30-31 homakAle gIrdevI pratyakSA''sIt / varaM vRNISvetyAha sma mAm / mayA jagade - jagadekamAtara / yadi tuSTA'si tadA ekadA bhaNitAnAM 108 saGkhyAnAM RcAM SaTpadAnAM kAvyAnAM vastukAnAM dhattAnAM daNDakAnAM vA'vadhAraNe samartho bhUyAsam / devyAcaSTa -- tathA'stu / prabandhakoza : 12, harihara prabandha pu0 59-60 caturviMzatikA 4.1, 76.19, 80.20
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________________ 164 DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI evaM DaoN0 kamalagiri sUrikRta zAradAstavana ( lagabhaga 14vIM zatI I0) jaise tAntrika racanAoM meM zAntika, pauSTika, stambhana, mAraNa, uccATana jaise tAntrika sAdhanAoM meM sarasvatI sAdhanA ke pracura ullekha haiM / tAMtrika sAdhanAoM ke antargata unake sakalIkaraNa, arcana, yaMtravidhi, pITha sthApanA, saubhAgyarakSA evaM vazya maMtroM ke bhI paryApta ullekha haiM / 10vI-11vIM zatI I0 meM sarasvatI ke bhayaMkara svarUpoM vAle sAdhanA maMtra bhI likhe gae / bhAratIkalpa, arhadAsakRta sarasvatIkalpa, zubhacandrakRta sArasvatamaMtrapUjA (lagabhaga 10vI zatI I0) evaM ekasaMdhikRta jina saMhitA meM trinetra evaM arddhacandra se yukta jaTAdhArI sarasvatI ko bhayaMkara svarUpA aura huMkAranAda karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai / " uparyukta vizeSatAe~ devI kI ziva se nikaTatA bhI darzAtI haiM / bappabhaTTi ne sarasvatIkalpa meM devI kA AhvAna bhI gaurI nAma se hIM kiyA hai| ullekhya hai ki skandapurANa ke sUtasaMhitA (lagabhaga 13vIM zatI I0) meM bhI jaTA se zobhita sarasvatI trinetra tathA arddhacandra yukta nirUpita haiM / sarasvatI ke karoM meM aMkuza aura pAza kA ullekha bhI unake zakti svarUpa ko ye Ayudha sambhavataH sarasvatI dvArA ajJAnarUpI andhakAra ko dUra karane tathA niyaMtraNa ke bhAva ko vyakta karate haiM / jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI ko kAlI, kapAlinI, kaulI, vijJA, trilocanA, raudrI khaDginI, kAmarUpiNI, nityA, tripurasundarI, candrazekharI, zUlinI, cAmuNDA, huMkAra evaM bhairavI jaise nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai jo unake tAMtrika svarUpa ko aura bhI spaSTa karatI haiM / " vidyAnuzAsana ( lagabhaga 15vIM zatI I0) meM bhayaMkara darzanA trinetra vAgIzvarI ko tIkSNa aura lambe dAMtoM tathA bAhara nikalI huI jihvA vAlI batAyA gayA hai / varddhamAnasUri (lagabhaga 1412 I0) ne AcAradinakara meM sarasvatI kI gaNanA 64 yoginiyoM meM bhI kI hai| kucha jaina granthoM meM hI prakaTa karatA hai | usa para devI ke purNa sarasvatIkalpa, bhAratIkalpa evaM sarasvatIyaMtrapUjA meM sarasvatI ko sAdhanA ke lie vibhinna cAmatkArika yaMtroM ke nirmANa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha bhI milate haiM / " sarasvatI yaMtroM meM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. abhayajJAnamudrAkSamAlApustakadhAriNI / trinetrA pAtu mAM vANI jaTAbAlendumaNDitA // - bhAratIkalpa zloka 2 sArasvatayaMtrapUjA (yU0pI0 zAha ke lekha AikanogrAphI oNva sarasvatI ke pR0 201, pAda TippaNI 29, pR0 211, pAda TippaNI 71 se uddhRta | sarasvatI-kalpa -- zloka 6, bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa ke 12veM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM / TI0 e0 gopInAtha rAva, elimeNTsa oNva hindU AikanogrAphI, khaNDa 1, bhAga 2, dillI, 1971 (pu0 mu0 ), pR0 378 aMkuza aura pAza kramazaH indra aura varuNa ( aura yama) ke mukhya Ayudha rahe haiM jo tAMtrika devoM ke bhI pramukha Ayudha haiM / sarasvatI ke hAthoM meM ina AyudhoM kA dikhAyA jAnA bhI unake zakti pakSa ko prakaTa karatA hai / zrIsarasvatIstotra, jaina stotra sandoha, khaNDa 1, 107, pR0 345-46. yU0 pI0 zAha ke lekha - 'supara necurala bIiMgsa ina di jaina taMtrAja', AcArya dhruva smRti grantha, bhAga 3, ahamadAbAda, 1946, pR0 75. AcAradinakara, bhAga 2, pratiSThAvidhi ( bhagavatI maNDala), bambaI, 1923, pR0 207. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva sarasvatI', pR0 211-12.
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________________ jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI 165 kabhI-kabhI sarasvatI parivAra ke bhI vistRta aura rocaka sandarbha haiM / bappabhaTTisUrikRta sarasvatIkalpa kI yaMtra pUjA meM sarasvatI maNDala yA yaMtra meM mohA, nandA, bhadrA, jayA, vijayA, aparAjitA, jambhA, stambhA, 16 mahAvidyAoM (rohiNI, prajJapti Adi), aSTadikpAloM, aSTamAtRkAoM' tathA aSTabhairavoM ke pUjana ke bhI ullekha haiM / bappabhaTTi aura malliSeNa ne sarasvatI-yaMtra - pUjA-vidhi meM aSTa, dvAdaza, SoDaza, causaTha, 108 tathA eka hajAra paMkhur3iyoM vAle padma para banAye jAne vAle kucha yaMtroM, homakuNDa meM sampanna vibhinna tAMtrika kriyAoM evaM dasa hajAra, bAraha hajAra, eka lAkha tathA isase bhI adhika bAra sarasvatI maMtroM ke jApa kI bAta batAI hai| sarasvatIkalpa meM ina tAMtrika sAdhanAoM ko siddhasArasvata bIja kahA gayA hai / bhaTTisUrikRta zAradAstotra meM hI sarvaprathama sarasvatI se sambandhita maMtra (om, hrIm, klIm, blim zrIhasakala hom aiM namo ) kA ullekha huA hai| dasa hajAra homoM ke sAtha eka lAkha bAra isa maMtra kA jApa karane se sAdhaka ko advitIya vidvattA prApta hotI hai / " isI grantha meM Age yaha bhI ullekha hai ki sarasvatI kI sAdhanA se sAdhaka cAturya cintAmaNi bana jAtA hai / vidyAnuvAdAMgajinendra kalyANAbhyudaya meM sarasvatI se sambandhita eka anya maMtra (om aiM hasaklIm vAgdevyai namaH) kA ullekha milatA hai / " jinaprabhasUri ke zAradAstavana meM varNita sArasvata maMtra isa prakAra hai : 'om aiM hrIm zrIm vada vada vAgvAdinI bhagavatI sarasvatI tubhyam namaH' | " kuNDalinI yoga ke jJAtA bappabhaTTa ke anusAra sArasvata maMtroccAraNa mahAprajJAbuddhi, vAgsiddhi, vacanasiddhi tathA kAvyasiddhi jaisI zaktiyoM ko dene vAlA hai / " malliSeNa ne bhAratIkalpa meM 'om hom zrIm vada vada vAgvAdinI svAhA' ko sarasvatI kA mUlamaMtra batAyA hai / " malliSeNa ke anusAra homa sahita 12 hajAra bAra isake maMtroccAra se sAdhaka sarasvatI ke samAna ( vAgIzvarI sama) ho jAtA hai / ' " malliSeNa ne sArasvata zakti kI prApti se brahmANI, mAhezvarI, kaumArI, vArAhI, vaiSNavI, cAmuNDA, caNDikA aura mahAlakSmI-sarasvatI kalpa, pR0 73. sarasvatIkalpa, pariziSTa 12 - padmAvatIkalpa, pR0 69-76. bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa ke pariziSTa 11 aura 12 meM yaMtrapUjA kA vistRta ullekha huA hai : pR0 61-78. 4. catuvizatikA ke pariziSTa - zAradAstotra ke zloka 10 meM ( pR0 183 ) sarasvatI kA bIjamaMtra diyA gayA hai / 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. zAradAstotra, zloka 10. na syAt kaH sphuTavRttacakraracanAcAturya cintAmaNiH // sarasvatIkalpa, zloka 6. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva sarasvatI', pR0 207, pA0 Ti0 57. mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa jhaverI, pUrva niviSTa, pU0 322. hemacandra ne apane ziSyoM kI bauddhika zakti meM vRddhi ke lie sArasvatamaMtra ke sAtha candracandana guTI ke bhakSaNa kA vidhAna kiyA thA / sarasvatIkalpa, pR0 78. bhAratIkalpa, pR0 62. bhAratIkalpa, zloka 15, pR0 62.
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________________ 166 DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI evaM DaoN0 kamalagiri sambandhita vibhinna yaMtroM aura maMtroM kA bhI vistRta ullekha kiyA hai / bhAratIkarUpa meM to devI ke bhayAnaka svarUpa vAle vAmAcAra sAdhanA ke bhI spaSTa sandarbha haiM / inameM strImohana tathA kAma icchA pUrti se sambandhita maMtra vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| navAkSaro vidyA kI taMtra sAdhanA "subhagAyonA" kI upasthita meM sampanna hotI thI / isa grantha meM sundara striyoM aura devAMganAoM ( vanitA kapAla yaMtra) ko sammohita karane vAle tathA zatruoM ko akAla mRtyu dene aura pretAlaya bhejane se sambandhita yaMtroM tathA maMtroM kA bhI varNana huA hai / uccATana maMtroM meM phaT vaSaT aura svAhA jaisI tAMtrika abhivyaktiyoM kA prayoga hotA thA / ye sAdhanAyeM zmazAna jaise sthaloM para kI jAtI thIM / ina sAdhanAoM se sambandhita maMtroccAra sunane meM bhayAvaha hote the / inameM devI ke pAza, aMkuza aura bANa jaise AyudhoM se yukta bhayaMkara svarUpa kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai / granthoM meM sarasvatI maMtra siddhi ke samaya Ane vAlI vibhinna bAdhAoM ko dUra karane vAle surakSA maMtroM ke bhI ullekha haiM / " elorA (mahArASTra), nAlandA ( bihAra ), kukiMhAra ( bihAra ), gurgI ( rIvA, madhya pradeza), hiMgalAjagar3ha (mandasora, madhya pradeza), lokhArI (bAMdA, uttara pradeza), malhAra (vilAsapura, madhya pradeza), bhuvanezvara (ur3IsA) evaM bher3AghATa (tripurI, madhya pradeza) jaise sthaloM se milI tAMtrika prabhAvazAlI bauddha evaM brAhmaNa mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM jaina sarasvatI pratimAoM meM taMtra kA prabhAva atyalpa rahA hai / jaina paramparA meM madhya kAla meM sarasvatI pUjana meM tAMtrika bhAva kI pUrva svIkRti ke bAda bhI unakI pratimAoM meM tAMtrika prabhAva bahuta kama dikhAI detA hai| jaina mUrtiyoM meM sarvadA sarasvatI kA anugrahakArI zAnta svarUpa hI pradarzita huA hai / kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM vidyA, saMgIta aura anya lalitakalAoM kI devI sarasvatI ke sAtha zakti ke kucha tAMtrika bhAva vAle lakSaNa milate haiM / jaina aura brAhmaNa paramparA meM sarasvatI ke lakSaNoM meM adbhuta samAnatA dekhane ko milatI hai / donoM hI paramparAoM kI pratimAoM meM sarasvatI ke karoM meM pustaka, vINA, akSamAlA, kamaNDalu, sruka, aMkuza tathA pAza jaise Ayudha dikhAye gaye haiM / jaina grantha AcAravinakara meM uparyukta AyudhoM kA ullekha jaina zrutadevatA aura brAhmaNI donoM hI ke sAtha huA hai / sarasvatI ke samAna hI isameM caturbhujA, haMsavAhanI, brAhmaNI bhI vINA, pustaka, padma tathA akSamAlA se yukta batAyI gayI haiM / yadyapi jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI ke sAtha sruka kA anullekha hai, para mUrta udAharaNoM meM unake sAtha suka kA aMkana anekazaH milatA hai jo vyAvahArika stara para spaSTataH sarasvatI ke brahmA se sambandhita hone kA saMketa hai| bhAratIkalpa, zloka 65-76. yadyapi kucha dhyAna maMtroM meM sarasvatI ko jaTA meM ardhacandra aura trinetra se yukta batAyA gayA hai, kintu mUrta udAharaNoM meM ye vizeSatAe~ nahIM milatI haiM / 3. OM hrIM zrIM bhagavati vAgdevate vINApustakamauktikAkSavalayazve tAbjamaNDitakare zazadharanikara gauri haMsavAhane iha pratiSThA mahotsave Agaccha 1. 2. 4. AdhAradinakara, bhAga 2, pR0 158 (bambaI, 1923) ye mUrtiyAM kuMbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira (pUrvI bhiti la0 12vIM zatI I0 ), tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira ( 12vIM zatI0 I0), AbU ke vimalavasahI (devakulikA 48 kA vitAna la0 1150 I0 ) aura jAlora ke mahAvIra mandira ( 12vIM zatI I0) meM haiM /
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________________ jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI prArambhika jaina granthoM meM dvibhujI sarasvatI ko pustaka aura padma (yA jalapAtra yA akSamAlA) lie tathA haMsa para ArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai|' zubhacandrakRta sarasvatIyaMtra-pUjA meM mayUravAhanI dvibhujI sarasvatI trinetra tathA karoM meM akSamAlA aura pustaka se yukta nirUpita haiN| zAstra aura zilpa donoM meM sarasvatI kA caturbhujI rUpa hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thaa| vAhana ke atirikta donoM ho sampradAyoM meM devI ke lakSaNa samAna haiN| zvetAmbara granthoM meM sarasvatI ko varadamudrA, padma, pustaka aura akSamAlAdhArI batAyA gayA hai|' bappabhaTTisUri kRta sarasvatIkalpa (lagabhaga 10vI-11vIM zatI I0) meM sarasvatI ke AyudhoM ke do samUha varNita haiM; eka meM devI abhayamudrA, varadamudrA, pustaka aura padma tathA dUsare meM abhaya aura varadamudrA ke sthAna para vINA aura akSamAlA se yukta batAI gaI haiM / malliSeNa ke bhAratIkalpa (lagabhaga 11vIM zatI I0) meM devI ke abhayamudrA, jJAnamudrA, akSamAlA aura pustaka se yukta svarUpa kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai / 5 navIM zatI I0 ke bAda zruta devatA yAnI sarasvatI ko saMgIta kI devI ke rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita kiyA gayA aura varadamudrA ke sthAna para unake sAtha vINA kA pradarzana kiyA gyaa| saMgIta se sambaddha hone ke bAda hI nRtya ke pratIka mayUra ko devI kA vAhana banAyA gyaa| jinendra kalyANAbhyudaya meM sarasvatI ke eka hAtha meM vINA ke sthAna para pAza kA ullekha milatA hai| pAdaliptasUri(tRtIya)kRta nirvANakalikA (lagabhaga 900I0) meM sarasvatI ke karoM meM pustaka, akSamAlA, padma, varadamudrA tathA kucha anya AyudhoM kA ullekha huA hai| sarasvatI kI prArambhikatama pratimA kaMkAlITIlA, mathurA ( 132 yA 149 I0 ) se prApta haI hai|' samprati yaha mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM hai| pIThikA para ukaDUM baiThI dvibhujI devI ke 1. bappabhaTTisUri ke caturvizatikA (76.19) evaM zAradA stotra (zloka 1-2, 8) meM sarasvatI ke AyudhoM ke do svataMtra samUha varNita haiN| inameM sarasvatI ke karoM meM kamaNDalu aura akSamAlA evaM pustaka aura padma ke ullekha haiN| 2. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva sarasvatI', pR0 201, pA0 Ti0 29. 3. tathA zrutadevatAM zuklavarNAM haMsavAhanAM caturbhujA varadakamalAnvitadakSiNakarAM pustakAkSamAlAnvitavAmakarAM ceti / nirvANakalikA (pAdaliptasUrikRta-la0 900 I.) 10 37. (saM0 mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa, muni zrI mohanalAla jI jaina granthamAlA 5, bambaI, 1926) ""cordhvarUpAmabhayadavaradAM pustakAmbhojapANi / -sarasvatIkalpa, zloka 11 . vINApustakamauktikAkSavalayazvetAbjavalgatkarAM |-srsvtiiklp, zloka 6." abhayajJAnamudrAkSamAlApustakadhAriNI / trinetrA pAtubhAM vANI jaTAbAlendumaNDitA ||-bhaartiiklp, zloka 2. mauktikAkSavalayAbjakacchapIpustakAGkitakaropazobhite / zrIzAradAstavana (jinaprabhasUrikRta, la0 1263-1333 I0) zloka 7 : bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa (pR0 81) se uddhRta 7. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI AMva sarasvato', pR0 207, pAda TippaNI 58. 8. yU0 pI0 zAha, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 211, pAdaTippaNI 70. 9. ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI, 'jaina imeja oNva sarasvatI ina di lakhanaU myUjiyama', jaina enTikverI, khaNDa 11, a0 2, janavarI, 1946, pR0 1-4,
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________________ 168 DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI evaM DaoN. kamalagiri bAyeM hAtha meM pustaka hai, jabaki dAhinA hAtha khaNDita hai (kintu avaziSTa bhAga meM abhayAkSa spaSTa hai)| haMsavAhana yahA~ nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| digambara sthala devagar3ha ( lalitapura, uttara pradeza ) se lagabhaga navIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI sarasvatI kI kaI svataMtra pratimAyeM milI haiN| inameM dvibhujI aura caturbhajI devI kabhI haMsa aura kabhI mayUra para ArUr3ha hai| 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika nirUpaNa (mandira 12, 862 I0) meM bhI sarasvatI kI do mUrtiyA~ AkArita haiN| abhinandana tathA supArzvanAtha jinoM kI yakSiyoM ko yahA~ lekhoM meM "bhagavatI sarasvatI" aura "mayUravAhi(nI)" kahA gayA hai|' devagar3ha ke mandira (11vIM zatI I0) kI tritIrthI jina pratimA meM sarasvatI kA aMkana vizeSa mahattva kA hai| isa tritIrthI jina pratimA meM do jinoM ke sAtha bAyoM ora sarasvatI kI bhI AkRti bano hai, jo AkAra meM jina mUrtiyoM ke barAbara hai| isa prakAra zrutadevatA ko yahA~ jinoM ke samAna pratiSThA pradAna kI gaI hai| tribhaMga meM khar3I caturbhajI sarasvatI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, akSamAlA, padma aura pustaka hai tathA samIpa hI mayura vAhana kI AkRti bhI banI hai| devagar3ha meM dvibhujI sarasvatI ke hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH abhayamudrA aura pustaka dikhAyA gayA hai (mandira saMkhyA 16) / dhammilla yA jaTAjUTa se zobhita devagar3ha kI caturbhajI pratimAoM meM devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, vyAkhyAna-akSamAlA, sanAlapadma tathA pustaka pradarzita haiN| eka udAharaNa meM (mandira saMkhyA 19) pustaka, vyAkhyAna-madrA aura mayUrapIcchikA lie sarasvatI ke sAtha cAmaradhArI sevakoM, jinoM evaM jaina AcAryoM kI bhI AkRtiyAM ukerI haiN| yaha pratimA spaSTataH devI ke jinavANI yA Agamika granthoM kI adhiSThAtrI devI hone kA bhAva darazAtI hai| digambara sthala khajurAho (chatarapura, madhya pradeza) meM devI kI kula ATha mUrtiyA~ haiN| eka udAharaNa ko chor3akara anya sabhI meM devI caturbhujI haiN| lagabhaga 950 I0 se 1100 I0 ke madhya kI ina mUrtiyoM meM devo lalitamudrA meM pustaka, vINA (eka yA donoM hAthoM meM), padma (sAmAnyataH donoM hAthoM meM) aura varadamudrA (yA jalapAtra yA akSamAlA) ke sAtha nirUpita haiN| unake sAtha haMsa vAhana kevala pArzvanAtha mandira (lagabhaga 950-70 I0) ke uttarI adhiSThAna kI mUrti meM hI utkIrNa hai| isI mandira ke dakSiNI adhiSThAna kI mUrti meM sarasvatI SaDbhujI haiM aura unake Upara ke do hAthoM meM padma aura pustaka haiM, tathA madhya ke donoM hAtha vINA vAdana kara rahe haiM; zeSa do hAthoM meM varadamudrA tathA jalapAtra haiN| devI ke sAtha cAmaradhAriNI sevikAyeM, mAlAdhara evaM laghu jina AkRtiyA~ bhI AkArita haiN| karnATaka ke vibhinna sthaloM se bhI digambara paramparA kI kucha sarasvatI pratimAyeM milI haiN| inameM devI ke zakti pakSa ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 kI aisI tIna mUrtiyA~ klAz2a bUna, vi jina imejeja oNva devagar3ha, liDena; 1965, pR0 102, 105 : supArzvanAtha kI caturbhujA mayUravAhanA yakSI tribhaMga meM khudI hai aura usake karoM meM vyAkhyAnamudrA, cAmara-padma, pustaka aura zaMkha hai| tIna udAharaNoM meM se do mandira saM0 12 aura 19 meM haiM jabaki tIsarA cahAradIvArI ke praveza dvAra para hai| 3. pArzvanAtha mandira ke dakSiNa adhiSThAna kI mUrti /
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________________ 169 jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI kramazaH paMcakUTa bastI (humcA, zimogA), zAntinAtha bastI (jinanAthapura) tathA AdinAtha mandira (halebiDa, hAsana) se milI hai|' dhyAna-mudrA meM virAjamAna sarasvatI ke sAtha vAhana nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| devI ke karoM meM abhayAkSa, aMkuza, pAza tathA pustaka pradarzita haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM vizAla evaM khule netroM aura khule tathA kucha phUle hue oThoM ke mAdhyama se devI ke zakti svarUpa ko prakaTa karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| pazcimI bhArata ke zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM, vizeSataH osiyAM, kuMbhAriyA, dilavAr3A (mAuNTa AbU) aura tAraMgA, meM bhI sarasvatI kI paryApta mUrtiyA~ haiN| osiyAM (jodhapura, rAjasthAna) ke mahAvIra mandira (8vIM zatI I0) kI dvibhujI aura caturbhujI pratimAoM meM devI mayUra yA haMsa vAhana haiN| dvibhujI devI padma aura pustaka, tathA caturbhujI devI (mukhamaNDapa-pazcima), sruka, padma, padma evaM pustaka se yukta haiN| osiyAM kI jaina deva-kulikAoM (lagabhaga 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) kI caturbhajI mUrtiyoM meM haMsavAhanA devI kI do bhujAoM meM pustaka aura padma tathA do meM abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra (yA varadAkSa aura pustaka) haiN| kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta) ke mahAvIra, zAntinAtha, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha aura sambhavanAtha mandiroM (11vIM se 13vIM zatI I0) para bhI sarasvatI kI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM lalitAsIna sarasvatI haMsavAhanA aura caturbhujA haiN| devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA (yA abhayamudrA yA varadAkSa), padma, pustaka aura jalapAtra (yA phala) pradarzita haiN| zAntinAtha mandira (navacaukI vitAna) ke eka udAharaNa meM devI ke sAtha do nRtyAMganAyeM bhI AmUrtita haiM / rAjasthAna ke pAlI jile meM sthita ghANerAva ke mahAvIra mandira (devakulikA, 1156 I0), tathA nADola ke padmaprabha mandira (11vIM zatI I0) kI mUrtiyoM meM lalitAsIna sarasvatI ke sAtha vAhana nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| inameM caturbhujA devI ke hAthoM meM varada yA abhayamudrA, pustaka, vINA tathA jalapAtra (yA phala) pradarzita haiN| mAuNTa AbU (rAjasthAna) ke vimalavasahI (12vIM zatI ke anta) aura lUNavasahI (13vIM zatI I0) tathA tAraMgA (mehasANA, gujarAta) ke ajitanAtha mandira (12vIM zatI I0) ke udAharaNoM meM sarasvatI dvibhujI, caturbhujI, SaDbhujI, aSTabhujI aura SoDazabhujI haiN| devI kI bhujAoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi bhI bhI unake zakti pakSa ko hI prakaTa karatI hai| haMsavAhanA caturbhujI devI sAmAnyataH varada (yA abhayamudrA), padma, pustaka (yA sruka yA vINA) tathA phala (yA jalapAtra) se yukta haiN| vimalavasahI kI do sarasvatI pratimAyeM vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| dakSiI barAmade ke vitAna kI mUrti meM devI do puruSa AkRtiyoM se AveSTita haiN| namaskAramudrA meM nirUpita ina AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAma bhI khude haiN| dAhine pArzva kI zmazruyukta AkRti ko lekha meM "sUtradhAra loyaNa" aura bAyeM pArzva kI mApaka daNDa se yukta AkRti ko "sUtradhAra kelA" batAyA gayA hai| ye donoM kramazaH 1. samAna lakSaNoM vAlI eka mUrti tamilanADu ke tirupattikuNaram ke mandira meM bhI hai| 2. pArzvanAtha mandira kI pUrvI bhitti kI mUrti meM padma ke sthAna para sruka dikhAyA gayA hai| isI mandira kI kucha anya mUrtiyoM meM pustaka ke sthAna para vINA pradarzita hai| kuMbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM padma aura jalapAtra ke sthAna para jhuka aura vINA dikhAye gaye haiN| 22
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________________ DaoN0 mArutitandana tivArI evaM DaoN. kamalagiri mandira ke mukhya sthapati aura zilpI the / ' prastuta mUrti sarasvatI ke lalitakalAoM kI devI hone kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai| vimalavasahI kI bhramikA ke vitAna kI eka SoDazabhujI mUrti meM haMsavAhanA devI bhadrAsana para lalitamudrA meM baiThI haiM aura unake hAthoM meM varada-mudrA, zaMkha (vaiSNavI kA lakSaNa), vINA (do meM), pAza, kartaromudrA, laghudaNDa (do meM-sambhavataH mApaka daNDa), zRGkhalA (do meM), aMkuza, abhayAkSa, phala, pustaka aura jalapAtra haiN| donoM pAryoM meM nRtyarata puruSa AkRtiyAM bhI banI haiM jo devI ke saMgIta kI adhiSThAtrI devI hone kI sUcaka haiN| lUNavasahI meM haMsavAhanA devI kI caturbhajI aura SaDbhujI mUrtiyAM haiN| navacaukI ke cAra stambhoM meM se pratyeka para sarasvatI kI ATha-ATha laghu AkRtiyAM ukerI haiN| inameM caturbhujA sarasvatI varadamudrA (yA varadAkSa), sanAlapadma (yA pustaka), pustaka (yA vINA) aura jalapAtra se yukta haiN| do udAharaNoM meM sarasvatI caturbhajI haiN| ye udAharaNa devakUlikA 11 kI chata aura raMgamaNDapa ke samIpavartI chata (uttara) para utkIrNa haiN| prathama udAharaNa meM haMsavAhanA devI abhayAkSa, padma (do meM), jalapAtra tathA jJAna-mudrA (madhya kI bhujAoM meM) se yukta haiN| dUsare udAharaNa meM devI saMgIta kI devI ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiN| yahA~ devI ke do hAthoM meM maMjIrA tathA eka meM vINA pradarzita haiM; zeSa meM varadAkSa, cakrAkAra padma aura pustaka haiN| tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira kI caturbhujI mUrtiyoM meM haMsavAhanA devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza (yA sruka yA padma yA vINA), pustaka tathA jalapAtra (yA phala) pradarzita haiN| mUlaprAsAda pazcimI bhitti kI mUrti meM devI SaDbhujI haiM aura unake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, sUka, pustaka, padma aura jalapAtra haiN| tribhaMga (yA atibhaMga) meM khar3I aSTabhujI devI kI bhI do mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM devI varadamudrA, padma (yA mAlA), padmakalikA, pustaka, pAza (yA chatrapadma), padma-kalika (yA pAza), kalaza aura pustaka lie haiM / jaina sarasvatI kI pratimAoM meM niHsandeha pallU (bIkAnera, rAjasthAna) se prApta do pratimAyeM kalAtmaka dRSTi se sarvotkRSTa haiN| samAna lakSaNoM vAlI ina pratimAoM meM se eka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (saMkhyA 1/6/278) aura dUsarI bIkAnera ke gaMgA golDena jubilI saMgrahAlaya (saMkhyA 203) meM surakSita hai| lagabhaga 11vIM zatI I0 kI ina tribhaMga pratimAoM meM padmapIThikA para laghu haMsa AkRti bhI banI hai| saumya svarUpA manojJa devI karaNDa mukuTa aura anya sundara AbhUSaNoM se sajjita haiN| caturbhujI devI ke karoM meM varadAkSa, pUrNa vikasita padma, pustaka aura jalapAtra haiN| pAryoM meM vINA aura veNu bajAtI do-do strI AkRtiyAM bhI AkArita haiM, jo devI kI saMgIta zakti kI mUrta abhivyakti hai| gaMgA golDela jubilI saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti meM prabhAtoraNa para 16 mahAvidyAoM kI bhI AkRtiyAM banI haiM, jo sarasvatI kI zakti avadhAraNA ko paripuSTa karatI haiM / 1. jayantavijaya muni, holI AbU (aMgrejI anu0 yU0 pI0 zAha), bhAvanagara, 1954, pR0 55, pAdaTippaNI 2. 2. ye mUrtiyAM mUlaprAsAda ke kramazaH dakSiNI aura uttarI bhitti para ukerI gayI haiM / 3. bI0 ena0 zarmA, jaina imejeja, dillI, 1979, pR0 15-19,
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________________ jainataMtra sAdhanA meM sarasvatI navIM zatI I0 ke uttarArddha meM siddhAyikA yA siddhAyinI nAma se sarasvato tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI yakSI ke rUpa meM bhI nirUpita huii|' sampUrNa Agamika sAhitya mUlataH mahAvIra kI vANI hai / isI kAraNa zruta devatA ke rUpa meM Agamika jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI sarasvatI ko unakI yakSI bhI banAyA gyaa| sarasvatI ke samAna hI zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM yakSI siddhAyikA ko bhI pustaka aura vINA ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra kA vAhana siMha hai, sambhavataH isI kAraNa siddhAyikA yakSI kA vAhana bhI siMha huaa| para eka kannar3I dhyAna zloka meM siddhAyikA kA vAhana haMsa bhI batAyA gayA hai| kalA-itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindUvizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-5 draSTavya, yU0 pI0 zAha, 'yakSiNI oNva di TraveNTo-phortha jina mahAvIra', jarnala oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa, bar3audA, khaNDa 22, a0 1-2, sitambara 1972, pR0 70-75; mArutinandana prasAda tivArI, elimeNTasa oNva jaina AikanogaphI, vArANasI, 1983, pR0 58-64. 2. . triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (hemacandrakRta) 10.5.12-13; nirvANakalikA 18.24; maMtrAdhi rAjakalpa (sAgaracandrasUrikRta) 3.66; AcAradinakara-pratiSThAdhikAra 34.1; pratiSThAsArasaMgaha 5.73-74. 3. yU0 pI0 zAha, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 75.