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________________ jaina zramaNa paramparA kA darzana paM. phUlacandra zAstrI saMskRta sAhitya meM jise zramaNa pada se abhihita kiyA gayA hai' mUla meM vaha 'samaNa' saMjJA pada hai| usake saMskRta chAyA rUpa tIna hote haiM-zamana, zramaNa aura samaNa / zramaNoM-jaina sAdhuoM kI caryA ina tInoM vizeSatAoM ko liye hue hotI hai| jinhoMne paJcendriyoM ko saMvRta kara liyA hai, kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, jo zatru-mitra, duHkha-sukha, prazaMsA-nindA, miTTI-sonA, tathA jIvana-maraNa meM samabhAva sampanna haiM aura jo samyagdarzana-jJAna-caritra kI ArAdhanA meM nirantara tatpara haiM, ve zramaNa haiM aura unakA dharma hI zramaNa dharma hai| vartamAna meM jise hama jainadharma yA Atmadharma ke nAma se sambodhita karate haiM, vaha yahI hai| yaha akhaNDa bhAva se zramaNasaMskRti kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| loka meM jitane bhI dharma pracalita haiM, unakA likhita yA alikhita darzana avazya hotA hai| zramaNa paramparA kA bhI apanA darzana hai, jisake dvArA zramaNa dharma kI nIMva ke rUpa meM vyaktisvAtantrya kI akSuNNabhAva se pratiSThA kI gaI hai| ise samajhane ke lie isameM pratipAdita tattvaprarUpaNA ko hRdayaMgama kara lenA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki samagra Agama para dRSTipAta karane se vidita hotA hai, isameM tattvaprarUpaNA ke do prakAra parilakSita hote haiM-eka loka kI saMracanA ke rUpa meM tattvaprarUpaNA kA prakAra aura dUsarA mokSamArga kI dRSTi se tattvaprarUpaNA kA prakAra / ye donoM hI eka dUsare ke itane nikaTa haiM, jisase inheM sarvathA judA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kevala prayojana bheda se hI tattvaprarUpaNA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama prarUpaNA ke anusAra jAti kI apekSA dravya chaha haiN| ve anAdi, ananta aura akRtrima haiM / unhIM ke samuccaya kA nAma loka hai| isalie jainadarzana meM loka 1. yeSAM ca virodhaH zAzvatikaH ( 2 / 4 / 9 ) ityasyAvakAzaH zramaNabrAhmaNam / pAtaJjalabhASya / 2. pravacanasAra gA0 226 / 3. pAiasaddamahaNNao, dekho samaNa zabda, dvi0 saM0 pR0 865 / 4, pravacanasAra gA0 240-241 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana bhI svapratiSTha aura anAdi-ananta mAnA gayA hai| chaha dravyoM ke nAma haiM-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / inameM se kAla dravya satsvarUpa hokara bhI zarIra ke samAna bahupradezI nahIM hai, isalie use chor3akara zeSa pA~ca dravya astikAya mAne gaye haiN| pudgala zakti yA yogyatA kI apekSA bahupradezI mAnA gayA hai / ___ saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jIvadravya ananta haiM, pudgala dravya unase ananta guNe haiM, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya eka-eka haiM aura kAla dravya asaMkhyAta haiN| ye saba dravya svarUpa sattA kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna haiN| phira bhI ina sabameM ghaTita ho aisA inakA eka sAmAnya lakSaNa hai, jisa kAraNa ye saba dravya pada dvArA abhihita kiye jAte haiM / vaha hai-utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat / sadravyalakSaNam / " jo satsvarUpa ho vaha dravya hai yA satsvarUpa honA dravya kA lakSaNa hai| yahA~ sat aura dravya meM lakSya lakSaNa kI apekSA bheda svIkAra karane para bhI ve sarvathA do nahIM haiM, eka haiM-cAhe sat kaho yA dravya donoM kA artha eka hai| isI kAraNa jaina-darzana meM abhAva ko sarvathA abhAvarUpa na svIkAra kara use bhAvAntara evaM bhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / niyama yaha hai ki sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA aura asat kA kabhI utpAda nahIM hotA / aisA hote hue bhI vaha (sat) sarvathA kUTastha nahIM hai-kriyAzIla hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prakRta meM sat ko utsAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se trayAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| apane anvaya svabhAva ke kAraNa jahA~ vaha dhrauvya hai, vahIM vyatireka (paryAyarUpa) dharma ke kAraNa vahI utpAda-vyaya svarUpa hai / ina tInoM meM kAlabheda nahIM hai| jise hama navIna paryAya kA utpAda kahate haiM, yadyapi vahI pUrva paryAya kA vyaya hai, para inameM lakSaNabheda hone se ye do svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka dravya eka hI kAla meM trayAtmaka hai, yaha siddha hotA hai| isa trayAtmaka dravya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya, usake ye tInoM hI aMza sat haiM / inameM kathacit abheda hai, kyoMki tInoM kI sattA eka hai / jo tInoM meM se kisI eka kI sattA hai, vahI anya do kI hai| yaha dravya kA sAmAnya AtmabhUta lakSaNa hai| isase pratyeka dravya pariNAmI nitya hai, yaha siddha hotA hai, kyoMki samaya-samaya jo utpAda-vyaya hotA hai, vaha usakA pariNAmIpanA hai aura aisA hote hue bhI vaha apane 5. tattvArthasUtra 5, 29-30 / 7. pravacanasAra gA0 104 / 9. pravacanasAra gA0 102 / 6. bhavatyabhAvo hi bhAvadharmaH |-yuktynu0 / 8. sarvArthasiddhi 5-30 / 10. AptamImAMsA kArikA 58 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jaina zramaNa paramparA kA darzana dhruvarUpa mUlasvabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA, usake dvArA vaha sadA hI utpAda-vyayarUpa pariNAma ko vyApatA rahatA hai| yaha usakI nityatA hai| Agama meM pratyeka dravya ko jo anekAnta svarUpa kahA gayA hai, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa hai| dravya meM utpAda-vyaya ye kArya haiM / ve hote kaise haiM, yaha prazna hai-svayaM yA para se ? kisI eka pakSa ke svIkAra karane para ekAnta kA doSa AtA hai, ubhayataH svIkAra karane para, jIva kA mokSa svarUpa se kathaMcit svAzrita hai aura kathaMcit parAzrita hai, aisA mAnanA par3atA hai, jo yuktiyukta nahIM hai / ataH vastusthiti kyA hai, yaha vicAra NIya hai| samAdhAna yaha hai ki kisI bhI dravya ko anya koI banAtA nahIM, vaha svayaM hotA hai / ataH utpAda-vyaya rUpa kArya ko pratyeka dravya svayaM karatA hai / vahI svayaM kartA hai aura vahI svayaM karma hai| karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa bhI vahI svayaM hai / avinAbhAva sambandhavaza usakI siddhi mAtra para se hotI hai, isIlie use kArya (upacAra) kA sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai| para ne kiyA yaha vyavahAra hai, paramArtha nahIM, kyoMki para ne kiyA ise paramArtha mAnane para do dravyoM meM ekatva kI Apatti AtI hai, jo yuktiyukta nahIM hai / ataH prakRta meM anekAnta isa prakAra ghaTita hotA hai utpAda-vyaya kathaMcit svayaM hote haiM, kyoMki ve dravya ke svarUpa haiN| kathaMcit para se hone kA vyavahAra hai, kyoMki avinAbhAva sambandhavaza para unakI siddhi meM nimitta hai|" __ jaina dharma meM pratyeka dravya ko svarUpa se jo svAzrita (svAdhIna) mAnA gayA hai usakA kAraNa bhI yahI hai| jIva ne parameM ekatva buddhi karake apane aparAdhavaza apanA bhavabhramaNa rUpa saMsAra svayaM banAyA hai / 12 karmarUpa pudgala dravya kA pariNAma usake ajJAnAdirUpa saMsAra kA kartA nahIM hotaa| para parako kare aisA vastu svabhAva nhiiN| vaha svayaM ajJAnAdirUpa pariNAma ko janma detA hai, isalie svayaM usakA kartA hotA hai| phira bhI isake jo jJAnAvaraNAdirUpa pudgala karma kA bandha hotA hai usa sambandha meM niyama yaha hai ki prati samaya jaise hI yaha jIva svarUpa se bhinna para meM ekatvabuddhi yA iSTAniSTa buddhi karatA hai vaise hI jJAnAvaraNAdirUpa pariNamana kI yogyatA vAle pudgala skandha svayaM usase ekakSetrAvagAharUpa bandha ko prApta hokara phala kAla ke prApta hone para tadanurUpa phala dene meM nimitta hote haiM / jIva 11. AptamImAMsA kArikA 75 / 12. samayasAra gA0 13 / parisaMvAda-
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana karma kA yaha banAva anAdi kAla se nimitta-naimittika sambandhavaza svayaM banA calA A rahA hai / isake anAdi meM nimitta nhiiN| pahale jina chaha dravyoM kA hama nirdeza kara Aye haiM, unameM se cAra dravya to sadA hI apane svabhAva ke anukUla hI kArya ko janma dete haiM, zeSa jo jIva aura pudgala do dravya haiM unameM se pudgala kA svabhAva to aisA hai ki vaha kadAcit svabhAva meM rahate hue bhI bandha anukUla avasthA hone para dUsare pudgala ke sAtha bandha ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura jaba taka vaha isa avasthA meM rahatA hai taba taka vaha apanI ikAIpane se vimukha hokara skandha saMjJA se vyavahRta hotA rahatA hai / isake atirikta jo jIva hai usakA svabhAva aisA nahIM hai ki vaha svayaM ko karma se Abaddha kara durgati kA pAtra bne| anAdi se vaha svayaM ko bhUlA huA hai| usakI isa bhUla kA hI pariNAma hai ki vaha durgati kA pAtra banA calA A rahA hai| use svayaM meM yahI anubhava karanA hai aura usake mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM apane ajJAnabhAva aura rAga-dveSa ko jAnakara unase mukta hone kA upAya karanA hai| yahI vaha mukhya prayojana hai jise dhyAna meM rakha kara jinAgama meM tattvaprarUpaNA kA dUsarA prakAra parilakSita hotA hai| AtmAnubhUti, AtmajJAna aura AtmacaryA ina tInoM rUpa pariNata AtmA mokSamArga hai| unameM samyagdarzana mUla hai| (dasaNamUlo dhmmo)| usI prayojana se jIvAdi nau padArtha yA sAta tattva kahe gaye haiN| inameM AtmA mukhya hai| vizleSaNa dvArA usake mUla svarUpa para prakAza DAlanA isa kathana kA mukhya prayojana hai| usI se hama jAnate haiM ki maiM cinmAtra jyotisvarUpa akhaNDa eka AtmA huuN| anya jitanI upAdhi hai vaha saba maiM nahIM huuN| vaha mujhase sarvathA bhinna hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha yaha bhI jAnatA hai ki yadyapi nara-nArakAdi jIva vizeSa ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSasvarUpa ina nau padArthoM meM maiM hI vyApatA huuN| jIvana ke raMgamaJca para kabhI maiM nArakI bana kara avatarita hotA hU~ to kabhI manuSya bana kara / kabhI puNyAtmA kI bhUmikA nibhAtA hU~ to kabhI pApI kI aadi| itanA saba hote hue bhI maiM cinmAtra jyotirUpa apane ekatva ko kabhI bhI nahIM chor3atA huuN| yahI vaha saMkalpa hai jo isa jIva ko AtmasvatantratA ke pratIka svarUpa mokSamArga meM agrasara kara AtmA 14. samayasAra kalaza 7 / 13. tattvArthasUtra 1-4 / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ jaina zramaNa paramparA kA darzana kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM sAdhaka hotA hai| jJAna-vairAgyasampanna mokSamArga ke pathika kI yaha prathama bhUmikA hai| yaha jIvoM ke Ayatana jAnakara pA~ca udumbara phaloM tathA madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai| inheM ATha mUla guNa kahate haiM jo isake niyama se hote haiN| sAtha hI vItarAga deva, nirgrantha guru aura vItarAga vANI svarUpa jinAgama isake ArAdhya hote haiN| yaha AjIvikA ke aise hI sAdhanoM ko apanAtA hai jisameM saMkalpa pUrvaka hiMsA kI sambhAvanA na ho|17|| dUsarI bhUmikA kA zramaNopAsaka vratI hotA hai| vrata bAraha haiM--pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata / 58 yaha inakA nirdoSa vidhi se pAlana karatA hai / kadAcit doSa kA udbhava hone para guru kI sAkSIpUrvaka lage doSoM kA parimArjana karatA hai aura unameM uttarottara vRddhi karate hue usa bhUmikA taka vRddhi karatA hai jahA~ jAkara laMgoTI mAtra parigraha zeSa raha jAtA hai| tIsarI bhUmikA zramaNa kI hai / yaha mahAvratI hotA hai| yaha vana meM jAkara guru kI sAkSIpUrvaka jina vratoM ko aMgIkAra karatA hai unheM guNa kahate haiN| ve 28 he te haiM-5 mahAvrata, 5 samiti, 5 indriyajaya, 6 Avazyaka aura 7 zeSa guNa / 19 zeSa guNa jaise-khar3e hokara dina meM eka bAra bhojana-pAnI lenA, donoM hAthoM ko pAtra banAkara lenA, kezalaMca karanA, nagna rahanA Adi / ___ isakA jitanA bhI kArya ho vaha svAvalambanapUrvaka hI kiyA jAya, mAtra isalie hI yaha hAthoM ko pAtra banAkara AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, hAthoM se hI kezalaMca karatA hai / rAtri meM eka karavaTa se alpa nidrA letA hai| ___ yaha saba isalie nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ki zarIra ko kaSTa diyA jAya / zarIra to jar3a hai, kucha bhI karo, use to kaSTa hotA hI nhiiN| yadi kaSTa ho bhI to karanevAle ko hI ho sakatA hai / kintu zramaNa kA rAga-dveSa ke paravaza na hokara zarIra se bhinna AtmA kI saMbhhAla karanA mukhya prayojana hotA hai, isalie ve saba kriyAe~ use, jinheM hama kaSTakara mAnate haiM, kaSTakara bhAsita na hokara avazya karaNIya bhAsita hotI haiN| 15. sAgAradharmAmRta 2-2 / 17. sAgAradharmAmRta 1-14 / 19. pravacanasAra gA0 208-209 / 16. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 4 / 18. vahI a. 5 / parisaMvAda-4 .
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isakA mukhya prayojana veda, IzvarakartRtva aura yajJIya hiMsA kA virodha karanA pUrva meM kabhI nahIM rahA hai| isake mUla sAhitya SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyaprAbhRta, A0 kundakunda dvArA racita sAhitya, mUlAcAra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi para dRSTipAta karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isalie jo manISI ise sudhAravAdI dharma kaha kara ise arvAcIna siddha karanA cAhate haiM, jAna par3atA hai vastutaH unhoMne svayaM apane dharmagranthoM kA hI ThIka taraha se avalokana kiye vinA apanA yaha mata banAyA hai| unheM nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki jo vartamAna meM bhAratIya saMskRti kA svarUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai use na kevala brAhmaNa yA vaidika saMskRti kahA jA sakatA hai, aura na to zramaNa saMskRti kahanA upayukta hogaa| yaha eka aisA tathya hai jise svIkAra kara lene para zramaNa saMskRti se anuprANita hokara bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo nikhAra AyA hai, use AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta vivecana se jina tathyoM para vizeSa prakAza par3atA hai, ve ye haiM 1. isameM sadA se pratyeka dravya kA jo svarUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai usake anusAra jar3a-cetana pratyeka dravya meM arthakriyAkArIpanA siddha hone se hI vyatirekarUpa meM hI parakartRtva kA niSedha hotA hai / 2. vyakti ke jIvana meM vItarAgatA ajita karanA mukhya hai| ahiMsA Adi usake bAhya sAdhana haiN| mAtra isalie jaina dharma meM ahiMsA Adi ko mukhyatA dI gaI hai| yajJAdivihita hiMsA kA niSedha karanA isakA mukhya prayojana nahIM hai| jIvana meM ahiMsA ke svIkAra karane para usakA niSedha svayaM ho jAtA hai| __ ye katipaya tathya haiM jinase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sudhAravAda kI dRSTi se jaina dharma kI saMracanA nahIM huI hai| kintu bhAratIya jana-jIvana para jaina saMskRti kI amiTa chApa avazya hai| yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| aura yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| jo par3osI hote haiM unameM AdAna-pradAna na ho yaha nahIM ho sakatA / zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, sanmati jaina niketana, nariyA vArANasI, uttarapradeza / parisaMvAda-4