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________________ jaina zikSA : uddezya evaM vidhiyA~ DaoN. zrImatI sunItA jaina jaina dRSTi se zikSA kA uddezya mAnava vyaktitva kA samagra vikAsa mAnA gayA hai / samagra vikAsa se abhiprAya usake antaraMga evaM bAhya sabhI guNoM kA vikAsa hai| vyaktitva ke carama vikAsa kI sthiti ko hI jaina darzana meM mokSa kahA gayA hai|' mokSa kI avasthA ko prApta vyaktitva meM darzana, jJAna, zakti aura sukha pUrNa rUpa se vikAsa ko prApta ho jAte haiM, aura unameM kisI bhI kAraNa kamI hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| isIlie use 'siddha' kahA gayA hai / isase pUrva kI sthiti meM 'arahanta' ke bhI darzana, jJAna, zakti aura sukha kA samagra vikAsa ho cukatA hai| kucha aupAdhika pravRttiyA~ sambaddha rahane ke kAraNa vaha 'siddha' nahIM mAnA jaataa| kintu usakA siddha honA nizcita rahatA hai| vyaktitva ke samagra vikAsa ke lie tIna kAraNa batAye gaye haiN| (1) samyagdarzana / (2) samyagjJAna / (3) samyakcaritra / ye tInoM milakara hI vyaktitva vikAsa ke sAdhaka haiM, pRthak-pRthak nhiiN| isIlie ina tInoM ko 'mArga' kahA gayA hai / isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie jaina sAhitya meM sundara udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| jaise kahIM cAroM ora se Aga lagI ho aura usake bIca meM eka andhA aura eka paMgu maujUda hoM ve donoM hI apanI jAna se hAtha dho deNge| andhA rAstA jJAta na hone ke kAraNa bhAga kara bhI bAhara nahIM nikala pAyegA aura paMgu dekhate-dekhate jala jAyegA para yadi donoM milakara kArya kareM andhA paMgu ko apane kandhe para uThA le aura paMgu rAstA batAtA jAye to donoM hI bAhara nikala sakate haiN| yahA~ andhA caritra 1. bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH |-tttvaarthsuutr 10 / 2 / 2. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|-tttvaarthsuutr 1 / 1 / / 3. akalaMka-tattvArthavArtika bhAga 1 / -bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI / parisaMvAda -4
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________________ jaina zikSA : uddezya evaM vidhiyA~ kA pratIka hai aura paMgu jJAna kA arthAt jJAna aura caritra alaga-alaga rahakara vyakti kA samagra vikAsa nahIM kara skte| inake sAtha eka zarta aura hai, vaha hai samyagdarzana kii| samyagdarzana na ho to jJAna aura caritra bhI bekAra haiN| samyagdarzana kA artha hai mUla tattvoM kA sahI bodha / samyak tattvabodha ke binA jJAna aura caritra samyak nahIM ho skte| ina tInoM ko isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai1. mUla tattvoM kA sahI bodha / 2. tattvoM kI sahI saiddhAntika jAnakArI / 3. vastu tattvoM kA prAyogika jJAna / zikSA vidhiyA~ zikSA ke isa mahAn uddezya kI prApti ke lie jaina vAGmaya meM zikSA viSaya, zikSA vidhi, zikSA ke mAdhyama, guru evaM ziSya kA svarUpa aura zikSA saMsthAoM evaM zikSA kendroM ke bAre meM atyanta vyavasthita aura vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika, tattvArthazlokavArtika Adi granthoM meM inakA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ para kevala zikSA vidhi ke bAre meM hI maiM kucha khuuNgii| zikSA ke sampUrNa viSaya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcaritra ke antargata samAhita ho jAte haiN| ina tInoM ko sammilita rUpa se mokSa kA mArga kahA gayA hai| jo tattva jisa rUpa meM avasthita haiM, unakA ThIka usI rUpa meM bodha honA, unakA prAmANika rUpa se savivaraNa jJAna honA tathA vyAvahArika rUpa meM unheM jIvana meM utAranA, yaha inakA tAtparyArtha hai| isake lie tattvArthasUtrakAra ne do vidhiyA~ batAyI haiM 1. nisarga, 2. adhigama / nisargavidhi nisarga kA artha hai svabhAva / svayaMprajJa vyakti ko guru aura AcArya dvArA zikSA prApta karane kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| jIvana ke vikAsakrama se ve svataH hI jJAna vijJAna ke vibhinna viSayoM ko sIkhate jAte haiN| tattvoM kA samyak bodha ve svataH prApta karate haiN| unakA jIvana hI unakI prayogazAlA hotA hai| samyak bodha aura samyak jJAna kI upalabdhiyoM ko ve jIvana kI prayogazAlA meM utAra kara samyak caritra ko upalabdha karate haiM / yaha nisargavidhi hai / 4. nisargaH svabhAva ityarthaH / yad bAhyopadezAdRte prAdurbhavati tannaisargikam / sarvArthasiddhiH 1.3 / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 152 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana adhigama vidhi adhigama kA artha hai padArtha kA jJAna / dUsaroM ke upadezapUrvaka padArthoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha adhigamaja kahalAtA hai| isa vidhi ke dvArA pratibhAvAn tathA alpapratibhA yukta sabhI prakAra ke vyakti tattvajJAna prApta karate haiM / yahI tattvajJAna samyagdarzana kA kAraNa banatA hai| nisarga vidhi meM prajJAvAn vyakti kI prajJA kA sphuraNa svataH hotA hai, kintu adhigama vidhi meM guru kA honA anivArya hai| guru se jIvana aura jagat ke tattvoM kA jJAna prApta karanA yahI adhigama vidhi hai / nikSepa vidhi loka meM yA zAstra meM jitanA zabda vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha kahA~ kisa apekSA se kiyA jA rahA hai, isakA jJAna nikSepa vidhi ke dvArA hotA hai| eka hI zabda ke vibhinna prasaMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna artha ho sakate haiM / ina arthoM kA nirdhAraNa aura jJAna nikSepa vidhi dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| anizcaya kI sthiti se nikAlakara nizcaya meM pahu~cAnA nikSepa hai / nikSepa vidhi ke cAra bheda haiM-1. nAma, 2. sthApanA, 3. dravya, 4. bhaav| 1. nAma vikSepa ___ vyutpatti kI apekSA kiye binA saMketa mAtra ke lie kisI vyakti yA vastu kA nAmakaraNa karanA nAma nikSepa vidhi ke antargata AtA hai| jaise kisI vyakti kA nAma hAthIsiMha rakha diyA / nAma nikSepa vidhi jJAna prApti kA prathama caraNa hai| 2. sthApanA nikSepa vAstavika vastu kI pratikRti, mUrti, citra Adi banAkara athavA usakA AkAra binA banAye hI kisI vastu meM usakI sthApanA karake usa mUla vastu kA jJAna karAnA sthApanA nikSepa vidhi hai / isake do bheda haiM:- . (ka) sadbhAvasthApanA, (kha) asadbhAvasthApanA / 5. adhigamo'rthAvabodhaH / yatparopadezapUrvakaM jIvAdyadhigamanimittaM taduttaram / sarvArthasiddhiH 1.3 / 6. saMzaye viparyaye anadhyavasAye vA sthitaM tebhyo'pasArya nizcaye kSipatIti nikSepaH / -dhavalA bhAga 4 / 1.3.1 / 2 / 6 / 7. atadguNe vastuni saMvyavahArArthaM puruSakArAnniyujyamAnaM saMjJA karma nAma / -sarvArthasiddhiH 1.5 / 8. sadbhAvetarabhedena dvidhA tattvAdhiropataH |-shlokvaartik 2.1.5 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jaina zikSA : uddezya evaM vidhiyA~ (ka) sadbhAvasthApanA kA artha hai mUla vastu yA usakI pratikRti yaha pratikRti kASTha, mRttikA, pASANa, dA~ta, sIMga Adi kI banAI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI pratikRti banAkara usa vastu yA vyakti kA jo jJAna karAyA jAtA hai, vaha sadbhAvasthApanA vidhi hai| (kha) asadbhAvasthApanA meM vastu kI yathArtha pratikRti nahIM banAyI jAtI pratyut kisI bhI AkAra kI vastu meM mUla vastu kI sthApanA kara dI jAtI hai / jaise zataraMja ke moharoM meM rAjA, vajIra, pyAde, hAthI Adi kI sthApanA kara lI jAtI hai| SaTkhaMDAgama, dhavalA tathA zlokavArtika Adi meM inakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| 3. dravya nikSepa vartamAna se pUrva arthAt bhUta evaM bAda kI sthiti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vastu kA jJAna karAnA dravya nikSepa vidhi hai| isa vidhi ke bhI Agama aura no Agama do bheda haiN| no Agama ke bhI tIna bheda haiN| 4: bhAva nikSepa vartamAna sthiti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vastu svarUpa kA jJAna karAnA bhAva nikSepa vidhi hai / isake bhI Agama aura no Agama aise do bheda haiN| pramANa vidhi" saMzaya Adi se rahita vastu kA pUrNarUpa se jJAna karAnA pramANa vidhi hai| jaina AcAryoM ne pramANa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| jIva aura jagat kA pUrNa evaM prAmANika jJAna isa vidhi ke dvArA prApta kiyA jAtA hai| samyagjJAna ko hI pramANa ke antargata mAnA hai| mithyAjJAna pramANAbhAsa ho sakate haiM, pramANa nhiiN| pramANa vidhi ke do bheda haiM (ka) pratyakSa, (kha) parokSa / pratyakSa ke bhI do bheda haiM-(1) sAMvyavahArika yA indriyapratyakSa (2) pAramArthika yA sakala pratyakSa / 9. yadbhAvipariNAmaprApti prati yogyatAmAdadhAnaM tadravyamityucyate athavA atadbhAvaM vA dravyamityucyate / -tattvArthavArtika 1.5 / 10. vartamAnatatparyAyopalakSitaM dravyaM bhAvaH / sarvArthasiddhiH 1.5 / 11. prakarSaNeNa mAnaM pramANam, sakalAdezItyarthaH / -dhavalA bhAga 9, 4.1.45 / 166 / 1 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 154 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana parokSa ke pA~ca bheda haiM- ( 1 ) smRti (2) pratyabhijJAna ( 3 ) tarka ( 4 ) anumAna (5) Agama / jaina AcAryoM ne inakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai / 12 nayavidhi isa vidhi ke dvArA vastusvarUpa kA AMzika vizleSaNa karake jJAna karAyA jAtA hai / naya ke mUlataH do bheda haiM (1) dravyAthika, (2) paryAyArthika | ina donoM ke bhI nimnalikhita sAta bheda haiM 1. naigama - aniSpanna artha meM saMkalpamAtra ko grahaNa karanA / 2. saMgraha - bheda sahita saba paryAyoM ko apanI jAti ke avirodha dvArA eka mAnakara sAmAnya se sabako grahaNa karanA / jaise ghaTa kahane se sabhI prakAra ke ghaToM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / '3 3. vyavahAra - saMgrahanaya ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye padArthoM kA vidhipUrvaka avaharaNa yA bheda karanA / jaise ghaTa ke svarNaghaTa, rajataghaTa, mRttikAghaTa Adi bheda / 14 4. RjusUtra -- vartamAna paryAya mAtra ko grahaNa karanA / ' 15 5. zabdanaya - zabda prayogoM meM Ane vAle doSoM ko dUra karake tadanusAra artha bheda kI kalpanA karanA / 6. samabhirUr3ha - 17 i-zabda bheda ke anusAra artha bheda kI kalpanA karanA / ' 7. evaMbhUta - zabda se phalita hone vAle artha ke ghaTita hone para hI usako usa rUpa meM mAnanA / 18 12. draSTavya - parIkSAmukha, prameyaratnamAlA, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pramANanayatatvAlokAlaMkAra, pramANamImAMsA Adi / 13. svajAtyavirodhenaikadhyanupAnIya paryAyAnAkrAntabhedAnavizeSeNa samastagrahaNAtsaMgrahaH / 14. saMgrahanayAkSiptAnAmarthAnAM vidhipUrvakamavaharaNaM vyavahAraH / 15. Rju praguNaM sUtrayati tantrayatIti RjusUtraH / 16. liMgasaMkhyAsAdhanAdivyabhicAranivRttiparaH zabdanayaH / 17. nAnArthasamabhirohaNAt samabhirUDhaH / 18. yenAtmanAbhUtastenaivAdhyavasAyayatIti evambhUtaH / - Ti. 13 se 18 sarvArthasiddhiH 107 / parisaMvAda -4
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________________ jaina zikSA : uddezya evaM vidhiyA~ 155 ___ anuyogadvAra vidhi-tattvoM kA vistRta jJAna prApta karane ke lie anuyoga dvAra vidhi batAyI gayI hai / isake nimnalikhita chaha bheda haiN| (1) nirdeza-vastu ke nAma kA kathana krnaa| (2) svAmitva-vastu ke svAmI kA kathana krnaa| (3) sAdhana-jina sAdhanoM se vastu banI hai, usakA kathana krnaa| (4) adhikaraNa-vastu ke AdhAra kA kathana karanA / (5) sthiti-vastu ke kAla kA kathana krnaa| (6) vidhAna-vastu ke bhedoM kA kathana krnaa| prarUpaNa vidhi-prarUpaNa ke nimnalikhita ATha bheda haiM(1) sat-astitva kathana karake smjhaanaa| (2) saMkhyA-bhedoM kI gaNanA karake smjhaanaa| (3) kSetra-vartamAna kAla viSayaka nivAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara samajhAnA / (4) sparzana-trikAla viSayaka nivAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara samajhAnA / (5) kAla-samayAvadhi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara samajhAnA / (6) antara-samaya ke antara ko dhyAna meM rakhakara smjhaanaa| (7) bhAva-bhAvoM kA kathana karake samajhAnA / (8) alpabahutva-eka dUsare kI apekSA nyUnAdhika kA jJAna karake smjhaanaa| svAdhyAya vidhi21 viziSTa jJAna prApti ke lie svAdhyAya vidhi kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| isake nimnalikhita pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM(1) vAcanA-graMtha, usake artha yA donoM kA nirdoSa rIti se pATha karanA vAcanA hai| (2) pucchanA-zaMkA ko dUra karane ke lie yA vizeSa nirNaya karane ke lie pRcchA karanA-pRcchanA hai| 19. nirdezaH svarUpAnidhAnam / svAmitvamAdhipatyam / sAdhanamutpattinimittam / karaNamadhiSThAnam / sthitiH kAlaparicchedaH / vidhAnaM prakAraH / -sarvArthasiddhiH 117 20. sadityastitvanirdezaH / saMkhyA bhedagaNanA / kSetraM nivAsovartamAnakAlaviSayaH / tadeva sparzanaM trikAlagocaram / kAlo dvividhaH mukhyo vyAvahArikazca / antaraM virahakAlaH / bhAvaH aupa zamikAdilakSaNaH / alpabahutvamanyonyApekSayA vizeSapratipattiH / sarvArthasiddhiH 118 21. vAcanApRcchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH / tattvArthasUtra 9 / 25 / parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 156 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana (3) anuprekSA-par3he hue pATha kA mana se abhyAsa karanA arthAt unakA punaH (4) AmnAya-jo pATha par3hA hai usakA zuddhatApUrvaka punaH-punaH uccAraNa - karanA AmnAya hai| (5 gharmopadeza-dharma kathA karanA dharmopadeza hai| svAdhyAya vidhi kA upayoga prajJA meM atizaya lAne ke lie, adhyavasAya ko prazasta karane ke lie, parama saMvega ke lie, tapa meM vRddhi karane ke lie tathA avicAroM meM vizuddhi lAne Adi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki gUr3ha se gUr3ha viSaya ko bhI isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA thA ki ziSya use bhalI prakAra hRdayaMgama kara sake / isake lie viSaya vastu ko sUtra rUpa meM kahA jAtA thA, kyoMki usa yuga meM sampUrNa zikSA maukhika aura smRti ke AdhAra para calatI thii| isI kAraNa prArambhika sAhitya sUtra rUpa meM milatA hai| __ kabhI-kabhI viSayavastu ko geya rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA thA jisase use kaNThastha kiyA jA sake / kathAoM ke mAdhyama se bhI viSayavastu ko kahA jAtA thA jisase una prasaMgoM ke sAtha mUla vastutattva ko yAda rakhA jA sake / inhIM paddhatiyoM kA vibhinna rUpoM meM vikAsa huA / jaise sUtra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI jise vArtika kahA gyaa| vArtika ke bAda TIkA aura vRtti likhI gii| niyukti, bhASya, cUNi nAmaka vizeSa vivaraNa taiyAra kie ge| jaina zikSA vidhi kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI rahI hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne mukhya rUpa se sadA loka bhASAoM ko zikSA kA mAdhyama bnaayaa| unhIM bhASAoM ko sAhityika svarUpa dekara unameM graMthoM kI racanA kI / ina bhASAoM ko janasAmAnya kI bhASA hone ke kAraNa prAkRta kahA gayA tathA vibhinna kSetroM ke anusAra inake ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi nAma die gye| bAda meM yahI bhASAe~ apabhraMza huIM aura kannar3a, tamila, telugu, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, marAThI, magahI, maithilI, bhojapurI Adi ke rUpa meM vikasita huiiN| saMskRta ko bhI jaina zikSakoM ne zikSA ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM apanAyA tathA saMskRta meM vibhinna viSayoM para aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI / jaina bAlA vizrAma, ArA, bihaar| parisaMvAda-4