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________________ - vijayakumAra, zodha chAtra darzana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-5 jaina zikSA banAma Adhunika zikSA __ mAnava-jIvana meM zikSA kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| zikSA kA prArambha kaba se huA yaha nizcita kara pAnA utanA hI kaThina hai 12 jitanA ki mAnava kI utpatti kaa| hA~, itanA jarUra kahA jA sakatA hai ki jabase mAnava hai taba se zikSA bhI hai| baccA janma letA hai aura janma se mRtyu paryanta vaha hamezA kucha na kucha sIkhatA hI rahatA hai / yaha 'sIkhanA' hI zikSA hai| zikSA zabda 'zikSa' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| jisakA artha hotA hai-'sIkhanA aura sikhAnA / ' zikSA ke lie jJAna, vidyA Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| parantu jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~, 'zikSA' aura 'vidyA' meM antara hai| zikSA eka prakriyA hai jisase samAja kA vikAsa hotA hai, pragati hotI hai| kintu vidyA ke antargata caurya vidyA bhI AtI hai jisase vyakti yA samAja kI pragati kI apekSA usake vikAsa meM bAdhAeM utpanna hotI haiM / yadyapi manuSya kI zreSThatA kA AdhAra vidyA hI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai-vidyA dadAti vinayam / jaina grantha AdipurANa meM vidyA ke mahatva ko prakAzita karate hue kahA gayA hai-vidyA hI manuSyoM ko yaza prApta karAne vAlI hai, vidyA hI puruSoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai, vidyA hI saba manorathoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI hai, kAmadhenu hai, vidyA hI cintAmaNi hai, vidyA hI dharma, artha aura kAmarUpa phala se sahita sampadAoM kI paramparA utpanna karatI hai / vidyA hI manuSyoM kA bandhu hai, vidyA hI mitra hai, vidyA hI kalyANa karane vAlI hai, vidyA hI sAtha-sAtha jAne vAlA dhana hai aura vidyA hI saba prayojanoM ko siddha karane vAlI hai| ataH kanyA yA putra donoM ko samAna rUpa se vidyopArjana karAnA caahie| idaM vapUrvayazcedamidaM zIlamanodazam / vidyayA cedvibhuSyeta saphalaM janmavAmidam / / vidyAvAn puruSo loke saMmati yAti kovidaH / nArI ca tadvatI dhatte strIsRSTeragrima padma / / vidyA yazaskarI puMsAM vidyA zreyaskarI mtaa| samyagArAdhitA vidyAdevatA kAmadAginI / / vidyA kAmaduhA dhenurvidyA cintAmaNiNAm / trivargaphalitAM sute vidyA saMpatparamparAm / / vidyA bandhuzca mitraM ca vidyA kalyANakArakam / sahayApi dhanaM vidyA, vidyA sarvArthasAdhanI // tad vidyAgrahaNaM yatnaM putrike kurutaM yuvAm / satsaMbrahaNakAlo'yaM yuvayorvartate'dhunA / / -16/67-102, AdipurANa caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma / / 00 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Forrivate & Personal Use Only
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________________ 35 jaina zikSA ke uddezya hI raha gayA hai| vaha zikSA jo mAnava ko mAnava prAcInakAla meM bAlakoM kA pUrNa zikSA-krama hI nahIM apitu mukta banAne vAlI thI, jo duHkhoM se caritra zuddhi para AdhArita thaa| kAya-mana aura muktakara zAzvata sukha pradAna karane vAlI thI, Aja vacana zuddhi para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA thaa| kevala dhana aura AjIvikA kA ekamAtra sAdhana AcAra-vyavahAra kI zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha bauddhika, raha gayA hai / isa yAntrika yuga meM zikSA bhI yAntrika mAnasika, zArIrika evaM Atmika vikAsa kI bhI ho gayI hai| jisa prakAra yantra binA soce-samajheM zikSA dI jAtI thI / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmA- apanA kArya karatA rahatA hai usI prakAra vartamAna cayaM Adi jJAnArjana ke mukhya aMga the| prAcIna yuga kA vidyArthI bhI kitAboM ko akSarazaH raTakara bhAratIya zikSA paddhati kA uddezya hI thA-caritra DigrI hAsila kara naukarI prApta karanA hI zikSA kA saMgaThana, vyaktitva kA nirmANa, saMskRti kI kA uddezya mAna baiThA hai / yaha bhUla na to vidyAthiyoM rakSA tathA sAmAjika aura dhArmika kartavyoM ko kI hai aura na zikSakoM kI hI balki galatI usa sampanna karane ke lie udIyamAna pIr3hI kA prazi- samAja ko hai jisane zikSA se jyAdA dhana ko kSaNa / mahatva de rakhA hai| Aja jo zikSA samAja meM dI jA rahI hai vaha vidyArthI ko DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara jaina zikSA kA lakSya batAte hue DaoN0 nemicandra EV zAstrI ne kahA hai-Antarika daivI zaktiyoM kI Adi banAne meM to sakSama hai parantu mAnava ko saccA insAna nahIM banA pA rahI hai| kyoMki zikSA ke ra abhivyakti karanA, antanihita mahanIya guNoM kA sAtha sevA aura zrama kA bhAva vyakti ke mana meM vikAsa karanA tathA zarIra, mana aura AtmA ko sabala banAnA, jagat aura jIvana ke sambandhoM kA bolabAlA hai| svArthapati ke lie bhayaMkara se bhayaM utpanna nahIM ho rahA hai| cAroM ora svArthatA kA jJAna, AcAra, darzana aura vijJAna kI upalabdhi , __ kara pApa kiye jA rahe haiN| pariNAmataH manuSya kI karanA, prasupta zaktiyoM kA udbodhana, anekAntA naitikatA giratI jA rahI hai| tmaka dRSTikoNa se bhAvAtmaka ahiMsA kI prApti, aisI sthiti meM hamArI kendrIya sarakAra ne naI kartavya pAlana ke prati jAgarUkatA kA bodha tathA zikSA nIti (10+23) nirdhArita kiyA hai viveka dRSTi kI prApti Adi jaina zikSA ke uddezya jisakA mukhya uddezya savako naye rojagAra ke avhaiN|' abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaina zikSA zAstra ke sara pradAna karanA tathA deza ko ikkIsavIM sadI ke antargata AtmasAkSAtkAra, satya kI khoja, caritra madhya saMsAra ke anya dezoM ke samakakSa khaDA karanA nirmANa, pratibhAzAlI vyaktitva kA nirmANa, sAmA hai| isa naI zikSA nIti ke antargata tribhASA jika evaM dhArmika kartavyoM kA pAlana karanA Adi phArmUlA pArita kiyA gayA hai-(ka) rASTrabhASA zikSA ke uddezya samajhe jAte the| hindI, (kha) videzI bhASA, (ga) prAdezika bhASA / Adhunika zikSA ke uddezya isa tribhASA phArmUlA meM saMskRta, prAkRta aura Aja kI zikSA kA uddezya mAtra dhanopArjana pAli ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / pariNA 1. Infusion of spirit of a piety and religiousness, formation of character, developinent of personality, inculcation of civic and social duties, promotion of scial efficiency and preservation and spread of national culture may be described as the chief aim and ideal of ancient Indian education. --Altekar, Education in Ancient India, P. 8-9 AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, pa0 256 / 335 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 0.038 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha allication Internatione Ser Private & Personal Use Only NISHary.org
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________________ mataH saMskRta, prAkRta aura pAli jinameM bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla svarUpa nihita hai, naSTa ho jAyegA / jaina zikSaNa praNAlI jainakAlIna zikSA mandiroM, AzramoM aura maThoM meM dI jAtI thI / zikSA dene vAle AcArya prAyaH samAja se dUra vanoM meM rahate the, jo tyAgI, tapasvI, brAhmaNa yA sAdhu huA karate the| zikSA kA mAdhyama saMskRta, prAkRta, pAli tathA prAntIya bhASAe~ thIM / jaina zikSaNa praNAlI meM jaba bAlaka pA~ca varSa kA ho jAtA hai taba usakA lipi saMskAra karane kA vidhAna hai / jisake antargata bAlaka ghara meM a, A, i, I Adi varNa kA jJAna tathA aMka Adi kA jJAna prApta karatA hai / tatpazcAt jaba bAlaka ATha varSa IT ho jAtA hai taba usakI upanIti kriyA' hotI hai jisake antargata kezoM kA muNDana, mUMja kI mekhalA, sapheda vastra, coTI sAta lara kA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA tathA jinAlaya meM pUjana karanA, bhojana ke lie bhikSAvRtti tathA brahmacarya Adi vratoM kA pAlana karane kA vidhAna hai| ye sabhI niyama pratyeka vidyArthI lie anivArya mAne gae haiM cAhe vaha nirdhana kula kA ho yA rAjakula kA, sabhI ko jaina zikSaNapraNAlI meM samAna bhAva se dekhA jAtA thA / kriyA ke pazcAt vidyArthI gurukula meM hotA thA / upanIti kriyA ke pazcAt vratacaryA saMskAra kA vidhAna hai jisameM vidyArthI kA eka hI lakSya rahatA hai saMyamita jIvanayApana karate hue vidyAdhyayana krnaa| cauthA aura antima saMskAra hai- vratAvaraNa kriyA / jo samasta vidyAoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hotI hai / yaha saMskAra bAraha athavA solaha varSa bAda guru ke sAkSapUrvaka jinendra bhagavAna kI pUjA karake karane kA vidhAna hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina zikSaNa praNAlI meM vidyArthI ko vighna-bAdhAoM se lar3anA tathA durguNoM kA tyAga kara sadguNoM ko AtmasAt karanA sikhAyA jAtA thA / guru-ziSya ke sambandha premapUrNa the / vidyArthI bhI apane guruoM ke prati sammAna aura zraddhA ke bhAva rakhate the / santoSa, niSkapaTa vyavahAra, jitendriyatA aura zAstrAnukUla pravRtti Adi gurukulavAsa ke mukhya prayojana the / meM vidyArthI ko vinayazIla, sadAcArI, mRdubhASI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainazikSaNa praNAlI Adi banAne ke sAtha hI caritra nirmANa para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai / jisakA Aja kI zikSaNa praNAlI meM sarvathA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai / Adhunika zikSaNa-praNAlI Adhunika zikSaNa praNAlI tatkAlIna bhAratasaciva lArDa maikAle dvArA mAnI jAtI hai / jisakI nIMda maikAle ne apane paripatra dvArA san 1935 meM DAlI thI / jisakA uddezya thA bhArata ke ucca tathA madhyama varga ke stara ko U~cA uThAnA / apane isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie usane madarase khole jisake pariNAmasvarUpa bhAratIya kevala raMga ke bhAratIya tathA mana se yUropIya sabhyatA ke anuyAyo banakara raha gaye / zikSA kA dharma aura naitikatA se sambandha TUTa gayA tathA zikSA kA kSetra ihaloka taka hI sImita hokara raha gayA / aMgrejI zikSaNa-praNAlI kA hI duSpariNAma hai ki jo zikSA aura saMskAra bAlaka ko milanA cAhie, vaha nahIM mila pA rahA hai| Aja kI zikSA avyAvahArika tathA adhUrI hai jo samAja ko, deza ko berojagArI kI ora agrasara kara rahI hai| isa praNAlI ne chAtra ko kitAbI kIr3A to banA diyA 1 tato'sya paJcame varSe prathamAkSaradarzane / jJa eyaH kriyAvidhirnAmA lipi saMkhyAn saMgraha | - AdipurANa 38 / 102 2 vahI - 30 / 104 3 vaho - 38 / 110-113 4 vahI - 38 | 123 - 124 336 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma sAdhvIratna grantha ivate & Personal Use Only www.jaineliborg
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________________ hai lekina viSaya kA marmajJa nahIM banA skii| yaha isa prakAra hama jaina-zikSA aura Adhunika zikSA kahanA bhI anucita nahIM hogA ki ye Adhunika para dRSTipAta karate haiM to pAte haiM ki jaina zikSA meM zikSA naitikatA, sahanazIlatA, caritra-nirmANa, tyAga, ihalaukikatA ke sAtha-sAtha pAralaukikatA kI bhI tapa, anuzAsana tathA vinamratA Adi guNa kI dRSTi zikSA dI jAtI thI vahIM Aja kI zikSA jise se sarvathA asaphala rahI hai / Aja na ve adhyApaka haiM, Adhunika zikSA ke nAma se jAtA hai, meM kevala ihana vaha chAtra aura na vaha zikSaNa kendra hI, jahA~ guru laukikatA kA hI samAveza hai| yadyapi vartamAna aura ziSya donoM pitA-putra ke samAna rahate the| pariveza meM aba prAcIna zikSaNa praNAlI nahIM apaA samaya ke anukUla hara cIja meM parivartana hotA rahatA nAyI jA sakatI kintu zikSA ke uddezya kI pUrti ke sA hai / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki samaya aura yuga anukUla zikSA ko banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa kSetra ke anukUla mAnava samasyA, AvazyakatA aura unakI meM pahala karane ke lie sarvaprathama bAlaka ko samAja AkAMkSAoM ke anurUpa zikSA kA AyAma bhI bar3hatA ke prati saMvedanazIla banAnA hogaa| jisake lie jA rahA hai| parivAra aura vidyAlaya ke bIca sArthaka saMvAda honA - Aja ke isa vijJAna aura takanIkI yuga meM hama Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI prAthamika zikSA se lekara zikSA ko tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita karake dekha ucca zikSA taka samAja hitopayogI AdhyAtmika sakate haiM-(ka) uccatama, (kha) madhyama aura (ga) jJAna kI zikSA kA honA Avazyaka hai| parantu nimna / uccatama zreNI meM cikitsA, AbhiyAntrikI, AdhyAtmikatA ke sAtha bhautikatA kA bhI sAmaMjasya hI kampyUTara Adi kI zikSA mAnI jAtI hai| madhyama honA cAhie / jaisA ki jaina zikSaNa praNAlI meM hai / zreNI meM kalA, vANijya Adi kI zikSA tathA itanA hI nahIM pratyeka zikSArthI ko ruci ke anukUla nimna zreNI meM saMskRta, sAhitya, veda-vedAMga Adi jIvikopArjana ke lie kuzala banAyA jaae| kI zikSA mAnI jAtI hai| patrAcAra kA patAvijayakumAra jaina, zodha chAtra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI.TI. AI. roDa, vArANasI-5 0---- ------- aha paMcahi ThANehi, jehiM sikkhA na labbhaI / thammA kohA pamAeNaM rogeNAlassaeNa ya / / --uttarA. 11/3 jisa vyakti meM ahaMkAra adhika hai-garva meM phUlA rahatA ho, bAtabAta meM krodha karatA ho, zarIra meM Alasya bharA rahatA ho, kisI prakAra ko vyAdhi athavA roga se grasta ho, jo zikSA prApti meM udyama athavA puruSArtha na kare-aise vyakti ko zikSA kI prApti nahIM hotii| 337 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 0 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha