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________________ jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna DaoN0 ena0 ela0 jaina jaMna kendra, rIvAM ( ma0pra0) ___ bhAratIya saMskRti meM dharma ko eka vizeSa prakAra kI jIvana-paddhati mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM garbha se mRtyu taka, pUrvajanma se uttara-janma taka, prAtaHkAla se dUsare sUryodaya taka ke samI bhautika aura AdhyAtmika viSaya cAra vargoM meM ( kathA-purANa, AcAra zAstra, laukika vidyAyeM aura gaNita ) vibhAjita kara saMkSepa se lekara ativistAra taka pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| isakA kendra vindu mukhyataH mAnava-jAti hai para mAnavetara samudAyoM kI carcA bhI isameM paryApta mAtrA meM hai| vizva meM vidyamAna mAnava evaM mAnavetara samudAyoM kI samagra saMjJA 'jIva' hai| pahale jIva aura jIvana zabdoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM mAnA jAtA thA / 'sabbesi jIvaNaM piyaM' / para aba jova ( living ) ko sAdi-sAnta ( saMsArI) aura jIvana ( life ) ko anAdi-ananta kahate haiN| hama yahA~ jIva kI eka anivArya AvazyakatA-AhAra-ke viSaya meM carcA kareMge kyoMki isake binA vaha saMsAra meM adhika dinoM taka nahIM Tika sktaa| dharma aura adhyAtma ko bhI vikasita nahIM kara sktaa| saMsAra kI kaSTamayatA ke varNana ke bAvajUda bhI pratyeka prANI usake bAhara nahIM jAnA caahtaa| zAstroM meM jova ko mRtyu ke prati nirbhayatA kA dRSTikoNa vikasita kiyA gayA hai, para sAmAnya mAnava prakRti abhI bhI mRtyu ko TAlanA hI cAhatI hai| isaliye vaha usake kAraNoM para vijaya prApta kara atijIvitA ko prazraya detA lagatA hai| ye prayatna isa bAta ke pratIka haiM ki vaha saMsAra va usake pariveza ko duHkhamaya mAnane kI zAstrIya zikSA ko tAtvika mahattva nahIM detA dikhtaa| lagatA hai, use yahA~ sukha adhika aura duHkha kama pratIta hotA hai / vaha andara se svAmI satyabhakta ko aisI hI mAnyatA se adhika prabhAvita dikhatA hai|' AhAra kI dRSTi se jIvoM ko do zreNiyAM mAnanI cAhiye : prathama zreNI meM sabhI prakAra ke vanaspati Ate haiN| ye apanA AhAra svayaM banAte haiM ( svyNpossii)| dUsarI zreNI meM trasa jIva Ate haiM / ye anya jIvoM ko apanA AhAra banAte haiM (pr-possii)| AhAra sabhI jIvoM ke astitva evaM atijIvitA ke liye anivArya AvazyakatA hai / isake viSaya meM jaina zAstroM meM paryApta vivaraNa milatA hai| vahA~ ise AhAra vargaNA, AhAra paryApti, AhAraka zarIra, AhAra pratyAkhyAna, AhAra parISaha tathA AhAra dAna Adi ke rUpa meM sahacarita kiyA gayA hai| ye pada AhAra ke vibhinna rUpoM va phaloM ko prakaTa karate haiN| prArambha meM, samAja ke mArgadarzaka sAdhU evaM AcArya hote the| ve prAyaH sAdhudharma kA hI upadeza karate the| isIliye prAcIna zAstroM meM sAdhu-AcAra kI hI vizeSa carcA pAI jAtI hai| AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi zrAvakAcAra ke viSaya meM mauna haiN| tathApi aneka AcAryoM ne zrAvakadharma para dhyAna diyA hai| unhoMne ise dvAdazAMgI meM upAsakadazA nAmaka saptama aMga batAyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki sAdhuoM kI tulanA meM zrAvakoM kI sthiti dvitIya hai, ataH unase sambandhita upadezoM ko amRtacaMdra sUri' taka ne nigrahasthAnI mAnA hai| phira bhI, kuMdakuMda ne caritra prAbhRta meM chaha gAthAoM meM zrAvakoM ke cAritra kA 11 pratimAoM aura 12 bratoM ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| usameM kucha parivardhana karate hue umAsvAmI ne tatvArtha sutra ke sAtaveM adhyAya ke 18 sUtroM meM isakA varNana kiyA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne 'na dharmo dhArmikabinA' ke
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________________ - - 268 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda pranya [ khaNDa AdhAra para zrAvakAcAra para sarvaprathama grantha 'ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra"5 likhaa| usake bAda aneka AcAryoM ne isa viSaya para grantha likhe haiM / ina granthoM kI tulanA meM sAdhu-AcAra para kama hI grantha likhe gaye haiM ( saarnnii-1)| sAraNI 1. zrAvakAcAra ke pramukha jaina grantha kramAMka AcArya samaya granyanAma kuMdakuMda 1-2 sadI caritra prAbhUta umAsvAmI 2-3 sadI tatvArtha sUtra samantabhadra 5 sadI ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra A0 jinasena sadI Adi purANa somadeva 10 sadI upAsakAdhyayana amRtacandra sUri 10 sadI puruSArthasiddhayupAya amita gati-2 10-11 sadI amitagatizrAbakAcAra vasunaMdi 11 sadI vasunaMdizrAvakAcAra padmanaMdi 11 sadI padmanaMdipaMcaviMzatikA paM0 AzAdhara 12-13 sadI sAgAradharmAmRta 11. paM0 daulatarAma kAzakIvAla 1692-1772 jaina kriyAkoSa 12. A0 kuMthusAgara 20 sadI zrAvakadharma pradIpa mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke bAda 13vIM sadI kA anAgAra dharmAmRta hI AtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vibhinna yugoM ke AcAryoM ne zrAvakoM ke AcAra kI mahattA svIkRta kI hai| zrAvaka varga na kevala sAdhuoM kA bhautika dRSTi se saMrakSaka hai, apitu vahIM zramaNavarga kA AdhAra hai kyoMki uttama zrAvaka hI uttama sAdhu banate haiN| zrAvaka zramaNa dharma kI pratiSThA kA praharI evaM rakSaka hai| vartamAna zrAvaka bhUtakAlIna paramparA se anuprANita hotA hai aura bhaviSya kI paramparA ko vikasita karatA hai| ataH AcAryoM ne unake viSaya meM dhyAna diyA, yaha na kevala mahattvapUrNa hai, apitu prazaMsanIya bhI hai| AhAra ko paribhASA zrAvaka yA manuSya ke sampUrNa vyaktitva kA nirmANa aneka kArakoM se hotA hai : paramparA, saMskAra, manovijJAna, pariveza, samAja evaM AhAra-vihAra Adi / inameM AhAra pramukha hai| "jaisA khAve anna, vaisA hove mana," "jaisA pIve pAnI, vaisI bole bAnI," Adi lokoktiyAM isI tathya ko prakaTa karatI haiN| yadyapi ye dezakAla sApekSa haiM, phira bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se ye atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / dhArmika dRSTi se pallavita karmavAda ke anusAra, AhAra zarIra, aMgopAMga, nirmANa, bandhana, saMghAta, saMsthAna evaM saMhanana nAmakarma ke udaya meM nimitta hotA hai| yaha zarIrAntara grahaNa karane hetu ekAdhika samaya kI vigrahagati meM bhI hotA hai| vastutaH AhAra zabda ko avadhAraNA hI A-samantAt-cAroM ora yA pariveza se, harati-grahNAti-grahaNa kiye jAne vAle dravyoM ke AdhAra para sthApita hai| pUjyapAda aura akalaMka' ne tIna sthUla zarIra aura unako cAlita karane vAlI UrjAoM (chaha paryAptiyoM) ke nirmANa ke liye kAraNabhUta pudgala vargaNAoM ( sUkSma, sthUla, drava, gaisa va Thosa dravya ) ke antargrahaNa ko AhAra kahA hai| phalataH, vartamAna meM AhAra yA bhojana ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiye jAne vAle sabhI dravya to AhAra haiM hii| isake atirikta, jainamata ke anusAra, jJAna, darzana aAdi karma aura hAsya, dukha, zoka, bhaya, ghRNA, liMga, icchA, anicchA Adi nokarma bhI UrjAtmaka sUkSma dravya haiM / ataH
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________________ jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 269 inakA bhI pariveza se antargrahaNa AhAra kahalAtA hai| isa dRSTi se jainoM kI 'AhAra' zabda kI paribhASA, Aja kI vaijJAnika paribhASA se, paryApta vyApaka mAnanA caahiye| isameM bhautika dravyoM ke sAtha bhAvanAtmaka tatvoM kA antargrahaNa bhI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| isaliye AhAra ke zArIrika prabhAvoM ke sAtha manovaijJAnika prabhAva bhI jaina zAstroM meM prAcIna kAla se hI mAne jAte haiN| AhAra vizeSajJoM ne AhAra ke bhAvanAtmaka prabhAvoM se saha-sambandhana kI puSTi pichalI sadI ke antima dazaka meM hI kara pAI hai| AhAra kI AvazyakatA, lAbha yA upayoga : vaijJAnika paribhASA jaina AcAryoM ne prANiyoM ke liye AhAra kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita karane hetu apane nirIkSaNoM ko nirUpita kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM batAyA hai ki AhAra ke abhAva meM zarIra kAkajaMghA tRNa ke samAna durbala ho jAtA hai, dhamaniyAM spaSTa najara Ane lagatI haiN| bhakhe rahane para prANI kI kriyAkSamatA ghaTa jAtI hai| mUlAcAra ke AcArya" ne dekhA ki AhAra kI AvazyakatA do kAraNoM se hotI hai : (i) bhautika aura (ii) AdhyAtmika / vastutaH bhautika lakSyoM kI prApti se hI AdhyAtmika lakSya sadhatA hai, "zarIramAdyaM khalu dhrmsaadhnN"| inheM sAraNI 2 meM diyA gayA hai| sAraNI 2 : AhAra ke zAtrIya evaM vaijJAnika lAbha (a) bhautika lAbha : zAkhIya dRSTikoNa zAnika dRSTikoNa (i) zarIra meM bala (UrjA) bar3hatA hai| (i) AhAra zarIra kI mUlabhUta evaM viziSTa kriyAboM meM sahAyaka hotA hai| (ii) jIvana kA AyuSya bar3hatA hai| (ii) yaha zarIra kozikAoM ke vikAsa, saMrakSaNa va punarjanana ____ meM sahAyaka hotA hai| (iii) zarIra-taMtra puSTa (kAryakSama) rahatA hai| (iii) yaha roga pratIkArakSamatA detA hai| (iv) zarIra kI kAMti bar3hatI hai| (iv) zarIra kI kAryapraNAlI ko saMtulita evaM niyaMtrita karatA hai| (v) jIvana susvAdu hotA hai| (v) yaha zarIra kriyAoM ko Avazyaka UrjA pradAna karatA hai / (vi) bhUkha kI prAkRtika abhilASA zAMta hotI hai| (vii) dazoM prANa sandhArita rahate haiN| (viii) AhAra auSadha kA kArya bhI karatA hai / (ix) isase dUsaroM kI vaiyAvRtya ko jA sakatI hai / (x) isase tapa aura dhyAna meM sahAyatA milatI hai / (ba) AdhyAtmika lAbha (1) yaha carama AdhyAtmika lakSya (mokSa) prApti kA sAdhana hai| (2) yaha dharmapAlana ke liye Avazyaka hai| (3) isase jJAnaprApti meM saralatA hotI hai| AzAghara ke anusAra, zarIra ko sthiti ke liye AhAra Avazyaka hai| sthAnAMga' 3 meM AhAra se manojJatA, rasamayatA, poSaNa, bala, uddIpana aura uttejana kI bAta kahI hai| jJArIrika bala puSTi, kAnti aura roga-pratIkAra kSamatA kA hI pratIka hai / svAmikumAra to kSudhA aura tRSA ko prAkRtika vyAdhi hI mAnate haiN| unake anusAra AhAra
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________________ 270 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa se prANadhAraNa aura zAstrAbhyAsa - donoM saMbhAvita haiN| kuMdakuMda " bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki AhAra hI mAMsa, rudhira Adi meM pariNata hotA hai / phalataH yaha spaSTa hai ki AhAra ke zAsvIya uddezya ve hI haiM jinheM hama pratidina anubhava karate haiM / inheM yadi Adhunika bhASA meM kahA jAve, to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki zarIra-taMtra meM sAmAnyataH do prakAra kI kriyAyeM hotI haiM : sAmAnya evaM vizeSa / sAmAnya kriyAoM meM zvAsocchAvAsa yA prANadhAraNa kI kriyA, pAcana kriyA Adi tathA vizeSa kriyAoM meM AjIvikA sambandhI kArya, likhanA par3hanA, zrama, tapa aura sAdhanA Adi samAhita haiN| Aja ke AhAravijJAniyoM ne jIva zarIra kI kozikIya saMracanA aura kriyAvidhi ke AdhAra para sAraNI 2 meM diye gaye AhAra ke tIna atirikta uddezya bhI batAye haiN| inakA ullekha zAstroM meM pratyakSataH nahIM pAyA jaataa| vaijJAnika zarIra kI sthiti ke atirikta vikAsa, sudhAra va punarjanana hetu bhI AhAra ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM / yaha tathya mAnava kI garbhAvasthA se bAla, kumAra, yuvA evaM prauDha avasthA ke nirantara vikAsamAna rUpa tathA rugNatA yA kupoSaNa ke samaya AhAra kI guNavattA ke parivartana se hone vAle lAbha se spaSTa hotA hai / bIsavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM vaijJAnikoM ne pAyA ki koI kArya, gati yA prakriyA bhItarI yA bAharI UrjA ke binA nahIM ho sakatI / zarIra-saMbandhita uparokta kArya bhI UrjA ke binA nahIM hote / isaliye yaha socanA sahaja hai ki AhAra ke vibhinna avayavoM se zarIra ke vibhinna kAryoM ke liye UrjA milatI hai / yaha UrjA pradAya usake cayApacaya meM hone vAlo jIva-rAsAyanika, zarIra kriyAtmaka evaM rAsAyanika parivartanoM dvArA hotA hai| yaha jJAta huA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti ke liye uparokta lakSyoM ke pUrti ke lie lagabhaga do hajAra kailorI UrjA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ataH hamAre AhAra kA eka lakSya yaha bhI hai ki usake antargrahaNa evaM cayApacaya se samucita mAtrA meM UrjA prApta ho| isa prakAra, vaijJAnika dRSTi se AhAra aise padArthoM yA dravyoM kA antargrahaNa hai jinake pAcana se zarIra kI sAmAnya vizeSa kriyAoM ke liye UrjA milatI rahe / yaha paribhASA zAstrIya paribhASA kA vistRta evaM vaijJAnika rUpa hai / isameM guNAtmakatA ke sAtha parimANAtmaka aMza bhI isa sadI meM samAhita huA hai / AhAra ke bheda-prabheda 1. mehatA ne Avazyaka sUtra kA uddharaNa jaina zAstroM meM AhAra ko do AdhAroM para vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai : ( i ) AhAra meM prayukta ghaTaka aura (ii) AhAra ke antargrahaNa kI vidhi / prathama prakAra ke vargIkaraNa ko sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki mukhyataH AhAra ke cAra ghaTaka mAne gaye haiM jinameM kahIM kucha nAma va artha meM antara hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM AhAra ke kevala do hI ghaTaka mAne jAte the : bhakta ( Thosa khAdyapadArtha ) aura pAna ( tarala khAdya padArtha ) yA pAna aura bhojana ( bhaktapAna, pAnabhojana ) 16 / yaha zabda viparyaya bhI kaba kaise huA, yaha anveSaNIya hai / prajJApanA 17 meM sajIva ( pRthvo, jalAdi), nirjIva ( khanija lavaNAdi ) evaM mizra prakAra ke trighaTako AhAra batAye gaye haiM / isase pratIta hotA hai ki AhAra ke ghaTakagata cAra yA usase adhika bheda uttaravartI haiN| dete hue auSadha evaM bheSaja ko bhI AhAra ke antargata samAviSTa karane kA sujhAva diyA hai lagate haiM / para do pRthak zabdoM se aisA lagatA hai ki azana se pakkAnna ( odanAdi ) kA vAle padArthoM ( khajUra, zarkarA ) kA bodha hotA hai| para ekAdhika sthAna meM puA, laDDU Adi ko bhI isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| ataH azana aura khAdya ke arthoM meM spaSTatA apekSita hai / isI prakAra azana, khAdya aura makSya ke artha bhI spaSTanIya haiM / pAna, peya aura pAnaka bhI spaSTa to hone hI cAhiye / AzAghara " ne lepa ko bhI AhAra mAnA hai aura tailamardana kA udAharaNa diyA hai| isameM tela kA kicit antargrahaNa to hotA hI hai| vRhatkalpabhASya meM sAdhuoM ke liye tIna AhAroM kA varNana kiyA hai jo sneha aura rasa vihIna AhAra ke dyotaka haiN| mUlAcAra meM cAra aura chahadonoM prakAra ke ghaTaka batAye gaye haiN| aise hI kucha varNanoM se ise saMgraha grantha kahA jAtA hai / / inameM azana aura khAdya ekArthaka aura khAdya se kacce khAye jAne
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________________ jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 271 sAraNI 3. AhAra ke ghaTakagata bheda lehya peya peya lepa dazavakAlika mUlAcAra ratnakaraMDa sAgAra anA0 udAharaNa zrAvakAcAra dharmAmRta dharmAmRta azana azana azana azana odanAdi pAna pAna pAna pAna jala, dugdhAdi khAdya khAdya khAdya khAdya khAdya khAdya khajUra, laDDU svAdya svAdya svAdya svAdya svAdya pAna, ilAyacI makSya maMDakAdi lehya - lapsI, haluA peya jala, dugdha taila mardana 'azana' koTi kA vistRta nirUpaNa dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| isakA uddezya kSudhA-upazamana hai| isa koTi meM mukhyataH anna yA dhAnya liyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi zrutasAgara sUri ne dhAnya ke 7 yA 18 bheda batAye haiM, para pUrvavartI sAhitya meM 24 prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA ullekha hai| inameM vartamAna meM ikSu aura dhaniyA ko dhAnya nahIM mAnA jaataa| isaliye zrutasAgara22 kI sUcI meM bhI inakA nAma nahIM hai| prAcIna sAhitya 3 meM peya padArthoM ke sAmAnyataH tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM para AzAdhara24 ne sabhI ko pAnaka mAnakara usake chaha bheda batAye haiM (sAraNI 4) / AcArAMga meM 21 pAnakoM kA ullekha hai| vrata vidhAna saMgraha meM 'kAMjI' jAti ko pRthak ginAyA gayA hai para use 'pAnaka' meM hI samAhita mAnanA cAhiye / yaha spaSTa hai ki AzAdhara ke chaha pAnaka pUrvavartI25 AcAryoM se nAma va artha meM kucha bhinna par3ate haiN| azana kI tulanA meM pAnakoM ko prANAnugrahI mAnA jAtA hai| antargrahaNa-vidhi para AdhArita bheSa bhagavatI sUtra aura prajJApanA26 meM antargrahaNa kI vidhi para AdhArita AhAra ke tIna bheda batAye gaye haiM : ojAhAra, romAhAra aura kavalAhAra / isake viparyApta meM vIrasena ne dhavalA27 meM chaha AhAra batAye haiM : USmA yA ojAhAra, lepa yA lepyAhAra, kavalAhAra, mAnasAhAra, karmAhAra, nokarmAhAra / vahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vigrahagatisamApanna jIva, samuddhAtagata kevalI aura siddha anAhAraka hote haiM / lor3hA26 ne vanaspatiyoM ke prakaraNa meM ojAhAra ko svAMgIkaraNa ( esimilezana ) kahA hai, yaha truTipUrNa pratIta hotA hai| isa zabda kA artha antargrahaNa ke bAda hone vAlI kriyA se liyA jAtA hai jise annapAcana kaha sakate haiN| vastutaH ise zoSaNa yA evasorzana mAnanA cAhiye jo bAharI yA bhItarI-donoM pRSTha para ho sakatA hai| hamAre zarIra yA vanaspatiyoM dvArA saura USmA evaM vAyu kA pRSThIya avazoSaNa isakA udAharaNa hai| isIliye ise mahAprajJa ne UrjAhAra kA hI nAma diyA hai|" lepyAhAra ko bhI isI kA eka rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| romAhAra ko visaraNa yA parAsaraNa prakriyA kaha sakate haiN| yaha kevala vanaspatiyoM meM hI nahIM, zarIra-kozikAoM meM nirantara hotA rahatA hai| kavalAhAra to spaSTa hI mukha se liye jAne vAle Thosa evaM tarala padArtha haiN| ye tInoM prakAra ke AhAra sabhI jIvoM ke liye samAnya haiN| jaba bhAvoM aura saMvegoM kA prabhAva bhI jIvoM meM dekhA gayA, taba vibhinna karma, nokarma evaM manovegoM ko bhI ahAra kI zreNI meM samAhita kiyA gyaa| yaha sacamuca hI Azcarya hai ki bhArata meM isa manovaijJAnika prakriyA kA avalokana navamI sadI meM hI kara liyA gayA thaa| ye tInoM hI sUkSma yA UrjAtmaka puGgala haiN| aMtaraMga yA bahiraMga pariveza se romAhAra dvArA inakA antargrahaNa hotA hai aura anurUpI
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________________ 272 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sAraNI 4. azana/ghAnya tathA pAnakoM ke vividha rUpa nizIthacUNi (a) kArbohAiDe TI zrutasAgara pAnaka, 6 pAnaka,6 ( sA0 dharmAmRta ) (ma0 A0) 2. zAli 2 zAli 2. zAli 1. ghana ( dahI Adi) ( svaccha nIbU rasa) 3. vrIhi SaSThika 3 yava 3. yava 2. tarala ( amla rasa) bahala phala rasa yava 4. kodrava 3. lepi lepi ( dahI) 6. kodrava 5. kaMgu (dhAna vizeSa) 4. alepi alepi 7. kaMgu 8. rAlaka 6. rAlako 5. sasiktha sa-siktha ( dUdha ) 7. maThavaNava (jvAra) 6. asiktha asiktha ( mAMDa) ( ba ) proTInI peya, 3 9. mUMga 4. mUMga 8. mUMga 1. pAna ( surAyeM, madya ) 10 ur3ada 5. ur3ada 9. ur3ada 2. pAnIya (jala) 11. canA 6. canA 10. caNaka 3. pAnaka ( phala rasAdi ) 12. arahara 7. arahara 11. arahara 13. rAjamASa 14. atIsaMda ( maTara ) 12. rAjabhASa ( ramAsI) 15. masUra 13. makuSTha ( vanamUMga) 16. kAloya ( maTara ) 14. siMvA (sema) 17. aNuka ( sema , 18. niSpAva ( bhaTavanAsa) - 15. kInAza ( masUra) 19. kulathI ( baTarA) 16. kulathI ( baTarA) (sa ) vasIya 20. tila 17. sarSaSa 21. alasI 18. tila 22. tripuDa (4) vividha 23. ikSu 24. dhaniyA~ pariNAma hotA hai| phalataH vIrasena ke antima tIna AhAra sAmagrI-vizeSa ko dhotita karane haiM, vidhi-vizeSa ko nhiiN| ataH antagrahaNa vidhi para AdhArita AhAra tIna prakAra kA hI upayukta mAnanA caahiye|
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________________ jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 273 ghaTaka-mana bhedoM kA vaijJAnika samIkSaNa Adhunika vaijJAnika mAnyatAnusAra,28 AhAra ke chaha prasukha ghaTaka hote haiM : nAma udAharaNa UrjA ke. 1. kArbohAiDreTI yA zarkarAmaya padArtha : gehU~, cAvala, yava, jvAra, kodoM, kaMgu 40/g 2. vasIya padArtha sarSapa, tila, alasI 90/g 3. proTIna padArtha mASa, mUMga, canA, arahara, maTara 4.0/g 4. khanija padArtha phala-rasa, zAka-mAjI 5. viTAmina-hArmonI padArtha gAjara, saMtarA, AMvalA 6. jala zodhita, chanita jala vaijJAnika vibhinna prAkRtika khAdya padArthoM ko unake pramukha ghaTaka ke AdhAra vargIkRta karate haiM kyoMki unameM isake atirikta anya upayogI ghaTaka bhI alpamAtrA meM pAye jAte haiN| ye alpamAtrika ghaTaka khAdyoM kI supAcyatA, pArzvaprabhAvarahitatA tathA UrjA prabhAva ko niyantrita karate haiN| yadi hama zAstrIya vivaraNa kA isa AdhAra para adhyayana kareM, to pratIta hotA hai ki azanAdi ghaTaka ( azana : Thosa; pAna : drava; khAdya, phala-meve; svAdyaH viTAminAdi ) viziSTa AhAra varga ko nirUpita karate haiN| usa samaya rAsAyanika vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para to vargIkaraNa sambhava nahIM thA, ataH kevala avasthA ( Thosa, drava evaM gaisIya avasthA kI dhAraNA mI nagaNya tho) ke AdhAra para hI vargIkaraNa sambhava thaa| azana ko dhAnya jAtika mAnane para yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki usake 7 / 18 / 24 bhedoM meM vartamAna vaijJAnikoM dvArA mAnya tIna pramukha koTiyAM samAhita haiN| pAna ko drava-AhAra mAnane para usameM jala, phala-rasa, drAkSA-jala, mAMr3a, dUdha, dahI Adi samAhita hote haiN| inameM bhI vaijJAnikoM dvArA mAnya tInoM pramukha va anya koTiyoM ke padArtha haiN| mAMDa, drAkSAjala kArbohAiDreTa haiM, dahI proTIna vasoya hai, nIbU, phala-rasa viTAmina-khanija tattvI haiN| dravAhAra se zarIra kriyAtmaka parivahana evaM santulana banA rahatA hai| vaijJAnika jala ko chor3akara anya pAnakoM ko unake pramukha ghaTakoM ke AdhAra para hI vargIkRta karate haiM / drava ghaTakoM meM pramukha koTiyoM ke atirikta do anya koTiyAM bhI pAI jAtI haiN| khAdya-ghaTaka ke antargata, diye gaye udAharaNoM se isameM mukhyataH phala-meve aura ekAdhika ghaTakoM ke mizraNa se bane khAdya Ate haiM-puA, laDDU, khajUra Adi / svAdya koTi ke udAharaNoM se khanija, ailkelAyaDa, tathA alpamAtrika ghaTakI padArthoM ( pAna, ilAyacI, loga, kAlImirca, auSadha Adi) kI sUcanA milatI hai| ise vaijJAnikoM kI uparokta 4-5 koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| uparokra samIkSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki zAstrIya vivaraNoM meM AhAra sambandhI ghaTakagata vargIkaraNa vyApaka to hai, para yaha paryApta sthUla, mizrita aura aspaSTa hai / ise adhika yathArtha rUpa meM prastuta karane kI AvazyakatA hai| phira bhI, isa vivaraNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina zAstroM meM varNita AhAra-vijJAna meM vartamAna meM mAnya sabhI ghaTakoM ko samAhita karane vAle khAdya padArtha sammilita kiye gaye haiN| madhusena kA yaha mata sahI pratIta hotA hai ki zAstrIya yuga meM saiddhAntika dRSTi se AhAra ke vartamAna pauSTikatA ke sabhI tatva parokSataH samAhita the| uparokta ghaTakoM ke udAharaNoM se eka manoraMjaka tathya sAmane AtA hai| inameM vanaspatija zAkamAjI, sAmAnyataH samAhita nahIM haiN| ve kisa koTi meM rakhI jAveM, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / tathApi zAstroM meM unakI bhakSyatA kI dazAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 274 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa AhAra kA kAla kuMdakuMda42 aura AzAdhara29 ne batAyA hai ki dravya, kSetra, kAla (rituyeM, dina), mAva evaM zarIra ke pAcana sAmarthya kI samIkSA kara zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya ke liye bhojana karanA cAhiye / yaha tathya jitanA sAdhuoM para lAgU hotA hai, utanA hI sAmAnya janoM para bhii| nizItha cUrNi ( 590-690 I0) meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka hI deza ke vibhinna kSetroM meM AhAra-sambandhI AdateM aura paramparAyeM bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| jAMgala, a-jAMgala evaM sAdhAraNa kSetra vizeSoM ke kAraNa mAnava prakRti meM viziSTa prakAra se tridoSoM kA samavAya hotA hai| yaha AhAra ke ghaTakoM kA saMketa yA niyantraNa karatA hai| vibhinna rituyeM bhI AhAra kI prakRti aura parimANa ko parivartI banAtI haiN| zarada-vasanta ritu meM rukSa annapAna, grISma va varSA meM zIta annapAna, hemanta evaM zivira ritu meM snigdha evaM uSNa AhAra lenA cAhiye / ugrAditya * ne to dina ke vibhinna bhAgoM ko hI chaha rituoM meM vargIkRta kara tadanusAra khAnapAna kA sujhAva diyA hai : pUrvAhna : vasanta; madhyAhna : grISma aparAhna : varSA; AdyarAtri: prAvRda; madhyarAtri : zarada, pratyUSa : hemanta / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki ritu Adi kI anurUpatA ke sAtha kSetra vizeSa kI paraMparA bhI AhAra-kAla va pramANa ko prabhAvita karatI hai| mUlAcAra32 to AhAra ko vyAdhi zAmaka mAnatA hai| yahI nahIM, AhAra ko manovaijJAnika dRSTi se UtsAhavardhaka evaM bhAvanAtmakataH saMtuSTi kAraka bhI honA caahiye| yaha prakriyA AhAra dravyoM aura unake pakAne kI vidhi para bhI nirbhara karatI hai| sAdhu to 46 doSoM se rahita zuddha bhojana, vikRti-rahita para drava-dravya yukta viddha bhojana evaM ubalA huA prAkRtika bhojana kara AnandAnubhUti karatA hai para sAmAnya jana isake viparIta bhI yogyAyogya vicAra kara mojana karate haiN| Ayurvedika dRSTi se ugrAditya33 kA mata hai ki bhojana kAla taba mAnanA cAhiye jaba (i) malamUtra-visarjana ThIka se huA ho ( ii) apAnavAyu nisarita ho cukI ho ( iii ) zarIra halkA lage aura indriyAM prasanna ho ( iv ) jaTharAgni uddIpta ho rahI ho aura bhUkha laga rahI ho (v) hRdaya svastha ho aura tridoSa sAmya meM ho| nemIcandra cakravartI ne bhI manobhAvanAtmaka kSudhAnubhUti, asAtA vedanIya karma kI udIraNA, AhAra-darzana se hone vAlI ruci evaM pravRtti ko AhAra kAla batAyA hai| AzAdhara ne sUryodaya se peMtAlIsa minaTa bAda se lekara sUryAsta se pauna ghaMTe pahale taka ke kAla ko sAmAnya janoM ke liye AhAra kAla batAyA hai| isake vipayasi meM, mUlAcAra meM sAdhuoM ke liye sUryodaya se savA ghaMTe bAda tathA sUryAsta se savA ghaMTe pUrva ke lagabhaga 10 ghaMTe ke madhya kAla ko AhAra kAla batAyA gayA hai| uttama puruSa dina meM eka bAra aura madhyama puruSa uparokta samaya sImA meM dina meM do bAra AhAra lete haiN| rAtribhojana to jainoM meM svIkRta hI nahIM hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya manuSya kA lagabhaga AdhA jIvana upavAsa meM hI bItatA hai| mUlAcAra aura uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra, madhyAhna yA dina kA tIsarA prahara AhAra kAla baiThatA hai| kRSakoM ke deza meM yaha kAla ucita hI hai| para vartamAna se AhAra kAla prAyaH pUrvAhna 12 baje ke pUrva hI samApta ho jAtA hai / mahAprajJa3 4 kA mata hai ki vAstavika AhAra kAla rasoI banane ke samaya ke anurUpa mAnanA cAhiye jo kSetraphala ke anurUpa parivartI hotA hai| zAstroM meM rAtri bhojana ke aneka doSa batAye gaye haiN| prArambha meM Alokita-pAna-bhojana ke rUpa meM isakI mAnyatA thii| taila-dIpI rAtri meM vidyat kI jagamagAhaTa A jAne se prAcIna yuga ke aneka doSa kAphI mAtrA meM kama
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________________ 3 jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 275 ho gaye haiM / isaliye yaha viSaya paramparA ke badale suvidhA kA mAnA jAne lagA hai| phira bhI, svastha, sukhI evaM ahiMsaka jIvana kI dRSTi se isakI upayogitA ko kama nahIM kiyA jA sakatA isIliye ise jainatva ke vihna ke rUpa meM Aja bhI pratiSThA prApta hai| AhAra kAla aura antarAla kI jaina mAnyatA vijJAna sacita hai| AhAra kA pramANa sAmAnya jana ke AhAra kA pramANa kitanA ho, isakA ullekha pAtroM meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| parantu bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI sUtra, anAgAra dharmAmRta Adi granthoM meM sAdhuoM ke AhAra kA pramANa batAte hue kahA hai ki puruSa kA adhikatama AhAra pramANa 32 grAsa pramANa evaM mahilAoM kA 28 vAsa pramANa hotA hai| opapAtika sUtra 34 meM AhAra ke bhAra kA 'grAsa' yUniTa eka sAmAnya murgI ke aNDe ke barAbara mAnA gayA hai jaba ki basunandi ne mUlAcAra vRtti 36 meM ise eka hajAra cAvaloM ke barAbara mAnA hai / aNDe ke bhAra ko mAnaka mAnanA Agama yuga meM isake pracalana kA nirUpaka hai / bAda meM sambhavata: ahiMsaka dRSTi se yaha niSiddha ho gayA aura taNDula ko mAra kA yUniTa mAnA jAne lgaa| yaha taNDula bhI kauna-sA hai. yaha spaSTa nahIM hai para taNDula zabda se kaccA cAvala grahaNa karanA upayukta hogA / sAmAnyataH eka aMDe kA bhAra 50-60 grAma mAnA jAtA hai, phalataH manuSya ke AhAra kA adhikatama dainika pramANa 3250 1600 grAma tathA mahilAoM ke AhAra pramANa 28450 - 1400 grAma AtA hai| bIsavoM sadI ke logoM ke liye yaha sUcanA acaraja meM DAla sakatI hai, para pada yAtriyoM ke yuga meM yaha sAmAnya ho mAnI jAnI caahiye| isake viparyAta meM eka hajAra cAvala ke yUniTa kA bhAra 12-15 grAma hotA hai, isa AdhAra para puruSa kA AhAra pramANa 32x15 = 480 grAma aura mahilA kA AhAra pramANa 2015 - 420 grAma AtA hai| yaha kucha avyAvahArika pratIta hotA hai| yaha 'yUniTa' saMzodhanIya hai| pramANa ke viSaya meM 'prAsa' ke yUniTa ko chor3akara zAstroM meM koI matabheda nahIM pAyA jAtA / / AhAra kA yaha prabhAva pramANopeta, parimita va prazasta kahA gayA hai| eka makta sAdhu ke liye yaha eka bAra ke AhAra kA pramANa hai, sAmAnya janoM ke liye yaha do vAra ke bhojana kA pramANa hai| catuHsamayI AhAra-yuga meM yaha dainika AhAra pramANa hogaa| saMtulita AhAra kI dhAraNA ke anusAra, eka sAmAnya prauDha puruSa aura mahilA kA AhAra pramANa 1250-500 grAma ke bIca parivartI hotA hai| Agamika kAla ke caturaMgI AhAra meM saMbhavataH jala bhI sammilita hotA thaa| 39 bhAga meM, udara ke cAra vAyu saMcAra ke liye isase svAsthya ThIka rahegA nahIM batAyA, para usake vibhAga amla padArthoM ko khAnA cAhiye, zAstroM meM AhAra prakaraNa ke antargata AhAra ke vibhAga bhI batAye gaye haiN| mUlAcAra bhAga karane kA saMketa hai / usake do bhAgoM meM AhAra le, tIsare bhAga meM jala tathA cauthA rkhe| isakA artha yaha huA ki bhojana kA eka-tihAI hissA dravAhAra honA caahiye| aura Avazyaka kiyAyeM saralatA se ho skeNgii| upAditya ne AhAra-parimANa to avazya kahe haiN| sarvaprathama cikane madhura padArtha khAnA cAhiye, madhya meM namakIna evaM usake bAda sabhI rasoM ke AhAra karanA cAhiye, sabase anta meM dravaprAya AhAra lenA cAhiye / sAmAnya bhojana meM dAla, cAvala, ghI kI banI cIjeM, kAMjI, takra tathA zIta / uSNa jala honA cAhiye / bhojanAnta meM jala avazya pInA caahiye| sAmAnyataH yaha mata pratiphalita hotA hai ki bhUkha se AdhA khAnA caahiye| yaha mata AhAra kI supAbhyatA kI dRSTi se ati uttama hai| zAstroM meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pauSTika khAdya, adhapake khAdya yA sacitta khAdya khAne se vAtaroga, udarapIDA evaM madabuddhi hote haiN| nemicaMdra sUri ne udara ke chaha bhAga kiye haiN| 8
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________________ 276 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa sAmAnya AhAra ghaTakoM meM uparokta vibhAga nizcita rUpa se Adhunika AhAra vijJAna ke anurUpa nahIM pratIta hotaa| isameM santulita AhAra kI dhAraNA kA samAveza nahIM hai| isI kAraNa adhikAMza sAdhuoM meM poSaka tatvoM kA abhAva banA rahatA hai aura unakA zarIra tapa va sAdhanA ke teja se dIpita nahIM rahatA hai / vaha prabhAvaka evaM antaHzakti garmita bhI nahIM lagatA / yadyapi saiddhAntika dRSTi se yaha tathya mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai, phira bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se yaha tathya mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai, phira bhI vyAvahArika dRSTi se isakI mahAn bhUmikA hai| bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra jaina zAstrIya AhAra vijJAna meM vibhinna khAdya padArthoM kI eSaNIyatA para prArambha se hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, bhAskaranandi, AzAdhara aura zAstrI ne amakSyatA ke nimna AdhAra batAye haiN| ( sAraNI 5) / inase spaSTa hai ki abhakSyatA kA AdhAra kevala hiMsAtmakatA hI nahIM hai, isake aneka laukika AdhAra bhI haiN| mAnava ke parapoSI hone ke kAraNa ina sabhI AdhAroM para vicAraNA svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| sAraNI 5. abhakSyatA ke AdhAra ( zAstrIya ) AdhAra kAraNa udAharaNa 1. sajIvadhAta, bahujantuyonisthAna do yA adhikendriya jIvoM kI sthiti se paMcodaMbaraphala, calita rasa, AcArabahudhAta / bahubadha / hiMsA / murabbAdi, madhu, mAMsa, dvidala, prasa-jIva hiNsaa| rAtribhojana 2. sthAvara jIva dhAta pratyeka anaMtakAya vanaspati jIvoM ko kaMdamUla, bahu vIjaka, koMpala, kacce ( anaMtakAyika) hiNsaa| phala 3. pramAda/mAdakatA vardhaka Alasya, unmattatA, citta vibhrama madya, gAMjA, bhAMga, carasAdi 4. rogotpAdakatA/aniSTatA svAsthya ke liye ahitakara 5. anupasevyatA lokaviruddhatA pyAja, lahasuna Adi 6. alpa phala-bahu vidhAta, alpa vanaspati dhAta ganne kI gar3erI, teMdU, kalodA, phalIbhojya-bahu-ujjhaNIya dAra padArtha, mAlI, sUraNa 7, apakvatA/azastra pratihatatA/ sabhI vanaspati prArambha meM sajIva jala anagnipakvatA rahate haiM, aprAsuka haiM ina AdhAroM para zAstroM meM amakSya padArthoM kI bAisa zreNiyAM batAI gaI haiN| yaha saMkhyA terahavIM sadI meM sthira huI hai| isake pUrva zAstroM meM abhakSyoM kI koTiyAM to batAI gaI, para nizcita saMkhyA kA saMketa nahIM thaa| sAdhvI maMjUlA'* ke anusAra, inakA sarvaprathama ullekha dharmasaMgraha nAmaka grantha meM milatA hai| sAraNI 6 meM tIna srotoM meM prApta bAisa abhakSyoM ko diyA gayA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki pratyeka sUcI meM kucha antara hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa sUcI meM samaya-samaya para nAma jor3e gaye haiM, isIliye isameM aneka nAmoM koTiyoM meM punarAvRtti bhI hai| udAharaNArtha, calita rasa meM madya, makkhana, dvidala, AcAra murabbA samAhita hote haiM aura bahuvIjaka meM baiMgana A jAtA hai| inheM cAra koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kara vaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSita kiyA jAnA caahiye| aneka prakAra ke prAkRtika evaM saMzleSita khAdya padArthoM kA yuga hai| unakI bhakSyAbhakSya vicAraNA bhI Avazyaka hai| isa para anyatra carcA kI gaI hai|
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________________ jaina zAstroM meM AhAra vijJAna 277 sAraNI 6. vibhinna brotoM meM bAIsa amakSya jIva vicAra prakaraNa daulatarAma42 kriyAkoSa madya makkhana calita rasa madya makkhana kiNvana-padArtha ghola bar3A, vahI bar3A, dvidala AcAra-murabbA AcAra-murabbA paMcoduMbara phala mAMsa madhu dharmasaMgraha (a) kiNvita 1. madya 2. makkhana 3. calita rasa 4. dvidala (ba) parirakSita : 5. AcAra-murabbA (sa) sa-sthAvara jIvaghAta 6-10. paMcoduMbara phala 11. mAMsa 12. madhu 13. anaMtakAyika 14. bahuvIjaka 15. baiMgana (da) vividha 16. viSa 17. varpha 18. olA 19. tucchaphala 20. ajJAtaphala 21. mRta jAti-lavaNa 22. rAtri bhojana paMcoduMbara phala mAMsa madhu anaMtakAyika bahuvIjaka baiMgana kaMdamUla bahuvIjaka baiMgana viSa viSa varka olA ajJAtaphala olA tucchaphala ajJAtaphala kacce lavaNa rAtri bhojana kaccI mATI rAtri bhojana nirdeza 1. svAmI satyabhakta; saMgama, maI 1987 / 2. zAstrI, kailAzacaMdra, paM0; sAgAra dharmAmRta ( saM0 ), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 198, peja 40 / 3. AcArya, kuMda kuMda; aSpAhar3a, di. jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIrajI, 1967, peja 69-77 / 4. AcArya, umAsvAmI; tatvArtha sUtra, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1949 peja 337-58 / 5. AcArya, samantabhadra; ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra, e0 ela0 jaina TrasTa, bhelasA, 1951 / 6. jaina, DaoN0 sAgaramala; zrAvakadharma kI prAsaMgikatA kA prazna, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, 1983, peja 7 / 7. jaina, DaoN0 nemIcaMdra ( saM0); tIrthakara, janavarI, 1987 / 8. bhaTTa, akalaMka; tatvArtha rAjavAtika-2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957, peja 5-76 / 9. vahI; tatvArtha rAjavArtika-1, vahI, 1953, peja 140 / uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha. AgarA, 1972, peja 17 /
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________________ 278 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa 11. AcArya, baTTakera, mUlAcAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1984, peja 369-71 / 12. paMDita, AzAdhara, anAgAra dharmAmRta, vahI, 1377, peja 495 / 13. -- ThANaM, jaina vizvamAratI, lADanU, 1982 / 14. svAmi, kumAra; svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, rAyacaMdra Azrama, agAsa, 1978, peja 264 / 15. AcArya, kuMdakuMda; samayasAra, sI0 je0 pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU, 1930, peja 109 / 16. dekhiye, nirdeza 10 peja 157 / / 17. Arya zyAma; prajJApanAsUtra, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1983 / 18. mehatA, mohanalAla; jaina AcAra pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1966, peja 166 / 19. paMDita, AzAdhara; sagAra dharmAmRta, mA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1981 / 20. dekhiye, niza 11, bhAga 1 peja 361 evaM bhAga 2 peja 65 / 21. sena, madhu; kalcarala sTaDI Ava nizIthacUNi, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1975, peja 125 / 22. zrutasAgara, sUri; tatvArthavRtti, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1949, peja 251 / 23. muni nathamala (saM0); dazavakAlikaH eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1967, peja 207 / 24. dekhiye nirdeza 3, peja 333 / 25. AcArya, zivakoTi; bhagavatI ArAdhanA, jIvarAja granthamAlA, zolApura 1918, peja 418 / 26. loDhA kanhaiyAlAla; marudhara kesarI abhi0 grantha, 1968, peja 137-54 / 27. svAmI vIrasena; dhavalA, khaNDa 1-1, esa0 ela0 TrasTa, amarAvatI, 1939, peja 409 / 28. pAika, Ara0 ela0 evaM brAuna, piraTila; nyUTrIzana, bAilI-IsTarna, dillI, 1970, adhyAya 2-4 / 29. dekhiye, nirdeza 12 peja 409 / 30. ugrAditya, AcAya; kalyANa kAraka, sakhArAma nemacandra granthamAlA, zolApura, 1940, peja 56 / 31. dekhiye, nirdeza 25 peja 607 / 32. dekhiye, nirdeza 11 peja 374 / / 33. dekhiye, nirdeza 30 peja 55 / 34. mahAprajJa, yuvAcArya ( saM0 %; dazakAlika, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU, 1974, peja 195 / 35. sthavira; aupapAtika sUtra, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1982, peja 47,52 / 36. dekhiye nirdeza 11 peja 286 / 37. vahI, peja 368 / 38. dekhiye, nirdeza 14 peja 255 / 39. zAstrI, paM0 jaganmohanalAla ( anu0 ); zrAvakadharma pradIpa, varNIzodha saMsthAna, kAzI, 1980, peja 107 / 40. sAdhvI maMjulA; anusaMdhAna patrikA-9, 1975, peja 53 / / 41. zAntisUri; jIvavicAra prakaraNaM jaina mizana sosAiTo, madrAsa, 1950, peja 57 / 42. daulatarAma, paMDita; jaina kriyAkoSa, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 1927 / 40. jaina, ena0 ela0; jaina zAstroM meM bhakSyAbhakSya vicAra, (presa meM ) 41. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa; kisane kahA mana caMcala hai, tulasI adhyAtma nIDaM, lADanUM, 1985, peja 127 / 42. kuMdakuMdAcArya; pravacanasAra, pATanI guMthamAlA, mAroTha, 1956, peja 28 / 43. nemicandra sUri; pravacanasAroddhAra, ela0 DI0 pu0 saMsthA, bambaI, 1922, peja 252 / .