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________________ jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA kA prazna aruNa pratApa siMha jaina granthoM ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAla se hI jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA bhikSuoM se adhika rahI hai| kalpasUtra ke anusAra prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke caurAsI hajAra bhikSu tathA tIna lAkha bhikSuNiyA~ thIM ' ; ariSTanemi ke aThAraha hajAra bhikSu tathA cAlIsa hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thIM 2; pArzvanAtha ke solaha hajAra bhikSu tathA ar3atIsa hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thIM ; tathA mahAvIra ke caudaha hajAra bhikSu tathA chattIsa hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thIM / 4 saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI adhika saMkhyA ne jahA~ eka ora dharma ke prasAra ko ati vyApaka banAyA, vahIM dUsarI ora bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA ke prazna ko bhI mahattvapUrNa banA diyA / jaina AcAryoM ke samakSa sabase mahattvapUrNa prazna bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA kA thA, eka strI jaba bhikSuNI bana jAtI thI, to usakI surakSA kA pUrA uttaradAyitva saMgha para AtA thA / jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA kisa prakAra kI jAtI thI, isa sambandha meM hameM niyamoM kI eka vistRta rUpa-rekhA prApta hotI hai / upAzraya meM bhikSuNI ko kabhI bhI akelA nahIM chor3A jAtA thA / yAtrA ke samaya unheM surakSita AvAsa meM hI Thaharane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / surakSita AvAsa na prApta hone para zIlasurakSA hetu aneka vaikalpika niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thA / anAvRta dvAra vAle upAzraya meM ThaharanA bhikSuNI ke lie niSiddha thA / parantu AvRta dvAra vAle upAzraya ke na milane para vaha anAvRta dvAra ke upAzraya meM raha sakatI thI, yadyapi isake lie nimna sAvadhAniyA~ rakhI jAtI thIM / anAvRta dvAra ko chidrarahita parde se donoM ora kasakara bA~dhA jAtA thA / bandhana andara se hI khulatA thA / usake kholane ke rahasya ko yA to pratihArI jAnatI thI yA vaha jo sikar3I bA~dhatI thI, anya koI nhiiN| sUtroM ke artha meM pAraMgata ( samyagadhigatasUtrArthA ), uccakula meM utpanna ( vizuddhakulotpannA ), bhayahIna (abhIru), gaThIle zarIra vAlI ( vAyAmiyasarIra ) baliSTha pratihArI upayukta mAnI jAtI thI / vaha hAtha meM majabUta DaNDA lekara dvAra ke pAsa baiThatI thI, jo koI bhI bhikSuNI - veza meM upAzraya ke andara praveza karane kA prayatna karatA thA, pratihArI bhikSuNI usakI pUrI jAMca karatI thI / vaha Agantuka ke sira, gAla, chAtI kA bhalI prakAra sparza kara patA lagAtI thI ki Ane vAlA vyakti strI hai yA puruSa / phira vaha usakA nAma pUchatI thI / ina sArI kriyAoM ke bAda jaba vaha santuSTa ho jAtI thI ki vaha bhikSuNI hI hai, tabhI pratihArI Agantuka ko upAzraya ke andara praveza kI AjJA detI thI / upAzraya ke andara use dera taka rukane yA vyartha kA vArtAlApa karane kI AjJA nahIM thI / yadi ina sArI satarkatAoM ke bAvajUda bhI koI durAcArI vyakti upAzraya meM praviSTa ho jAtA thA, to sabhI bhikSuNiyA~ milakara bhayaMkara kolAhala karatI thiiN| ve praviSTa cora yA kAmI puruSa ko I 1. kalpasUtra, 197 pR0 266 | 3. vahI, 157 pR0 220 1 5. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2331-52 14 2. vahI, 166 pR0 236 1 4. vahI, 133-34, pR0 198 /
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________________ aruNa pratApa siMha DaNDe se pITatI thiiN| pahale vRddhA bhikSuNI ( sthavirA), phira yuvatI bhikSuNI, phira vRddhA-isa krama se ve apane zIla kI rakSA ke lie vyUha racanA karatI thiiN| anAvRta dvAra vAle upAzraya meM bhikSuNiyoM ko jora-jora se par3hane ke lie kahA gayA thaa| uparyukta vivecana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kabhI durAcArI puruSa strI-veSa dhAraNa kara bhikSuNiyoM ke upAzraya meM pahu~ca jAte the| isake nirAkaraNa hetu ho yaha vyavasthA kI gayI thii| isake atirikta aise upAzrayoM yA zUnyAgAroM meM bhikSu ko bhI bAhara se sAdhviyoM kI rakSA karane ko kahA gayA thaa| yuvatI sAdhvI kI surakSA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / upAzraya meM pahale vRddhA (sthavirA) bhikSuNI, phira taruNI bhikSuNI, usake pazcAt punaH vRddhA bhikSuNI, phira taruNI bhikSuNI, isa krama se unake zayana karane kA vidhAna thA | isakA tAtparya yaha thA ki pratyeka yuvatI bhikSuNI ke Asa-pAsa vRddhA bhikSuNiyA~ zayana kareM tAki usake zIla ko surakSA kI sudRr3ha vyavasthA rahe / upAzraya meM bhikSuNI ko kabhI akelA nahIM chor3A jAtA thaa| gacchAcAra ke anusAra gaccha meM rahane vAlI sAdhvI rAtri meM do kadama bhI bAhara nahIM jA sakatI thii| unheM AhAra, gocarI yA zauca ke liye bhI akele jAnA niSiddha thA / 4 vastra ke sambandha meM atyanta satarkatA rakhI ja thii| bRhatkalpabhASya tathA oghaniyukti meM bhikSuNiyoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle gyAraha vastroM kA ullekha hai| rUpavatI sAdhviyoM ko "khajjakaraNI" nAmaka vastra dhAraNa karane kI salAha dI gaI thI tAki ve kurUpa sI dIkhane lgeN|" bhikSuNiyA~ apane prayoga ke liye DaNThala yukta tumbI tathA DaNDevAlA pAda poMchana nahIM rakha sakatI thii| isI prakAra bhojana meM akhaNDa kelA Adi ( tAlapralamba) grahaNa karanA niSiddha thA / yaha vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA ki isa prakAra ke lambe phaloM ke phalaka ko dekhakara bhikSuNiyoM meM kAma-vAsanA uddipta ho sakatI hai| bhikSuNiyoM ke liye puruSa sparza sarvathA niSiddha thA / apavAda avasthA meM bhI unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki puruSa-sparza se udbhUta Ananda kA AsvAda na leM / sAdhvI ko bImArI se kamajora ho jAne ke kAraNa yA kahIM gira jAne ke kAraNa yadi pitA-bhrAtA-putra athavA anya koI puruSa uThAve to aise puruSa-sparza ko pAkara athavA mala-mUtra kA tyAga karate samaya yadi pazu-pakSI usake aMgoM ko chU leM to aise sparza ko pAkara, usase utpanna kAma-vAsanA ke Ananda se virata rahane ko kahA gayA thA; anyathA use cAturmAsika prAyazcitta ke daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thaa| saMkSepa meM bhikSuNiyoM ko yaha kaThora nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve kisI bhI paristhiti meM puruSa ke sparza kA Ananda yA AsvAda na leN| 1. "bahirakkhiyAuvasahehi" -bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2324, pR0 6 58 / 2. gacchAcAra, 123, pR0 52 / 3. vahI, 108, pR0 46 / 4. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 5/16-17, pR0 149 / 5. "khujjakaraNI u kIrai rUvavaINaM kuDahaheuM"-oghaniyukti, 319 / 6. bRhatkalpa sUtra, 5/38-44, pR0 153-155 / 7. vahI, 1/1, pR0 1 / 8. vahI 4/14, pR0 138 / 9. vahI, 5/13-14, pR0 147-148 /
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________________ jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA kA prazna 107 isake atirikta bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla-rakSA kA uttaradAyitva bhikSu-saMgha para bhI thaa| unake zIla-rakSA ke nimitta mahAvratoM kA ullaMghana bhI kisI sImA taka ucita mAna liyA gayA thaa| saMgha kA yaha spaSTa Adeza thA ki bhikSuNI kI zIla-rakSA ke liye bhikSu hiMsA kA bhI sahArA le sakate the| nizItha cUrNi' ke anusAra yadi koI vyakti sAdhvI para balAtkAra karanA cAhatA ho, AcArya athavA gaccha ke vadha ke lie AyA ho, to usakI hatyA kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI hiMsa karane vAle ko pApa kA bhAgI nahIM mAnA gayA thA, apitu vizuddha mAnA gayA thA / mantroM evaM alaukika zaktiyoM ke prayoga ke sambandha meM bhI isI prakAra ke udAharaNa draSTavya haiN| kAlakAcArya ne apanI bhikSaNI bahana ko chaDAne ke liye vidyA evaM mantra kA prayoga kiyA thA evaM videzI zakoM : sahAyatA lI thii| isI prakAra zazaka evaM bhasaka nAmaka jo bhikSuoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo apanI rUpavatI bhikSuNI bahana sukumArikA kI hara prakAra se rakSA karate the| eka yadi bhikSA ko jAtA thA to dUsarA sukumArikA kI rakSA karatA thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvratoM evaM AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM ko bhaMga karake bhI jaina saMgha bhikSuNiyoM kI rakSA kA prayatna karatA thaa| isake mUla meM yaha bhAvanA nihita thI ki saMgha ke na rahane para vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA kyA mahattva ho sakatA hai| vaiyaktika sAdhanA tabhI taka sambhava hai, jaba taka ki saMgha kA astitva hai| ataH sAdhvI kI rakSA evaM usakI maryAdA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye mahAvratoM kI virAdhanA ko bhI kisI sImA taka ucita mAnA gyaa| brahmacarya ke mArga meM Ane vAlI kaThinAI ke nivAraNa ke liye jainAcAryoM ne prArambha se hI prayatna kiyA thaa| saMgha meM strI-puruSa ke praveza ke samaya se arthAt dIkSA kAla se hI isakI sUkSma chAnabIna kI jAtI thii| saMgha kA dvAra sabake liye khulA hone para bhI kucha anupayukta vyaktiyoM ko usameM praveza kI AjJA nahIM thii| RNI, cora, DAkU, jela se bhAge hue vyakti, klIva, napuMsaka ko dIkSA dene kI anumati nahIM thii| jainAcAryoM ko sabase adhika bhaya napuMsakoM se thaa| napuMsakoM ke prakAra, saMgha meM unake dvArA kiye gaye kukRtyoM kA vistRta varNana bRhatkalpa bhASya evaM nizItha cUNi4 meM milatA hai| ina granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki jainAcArya napuMsakoM ke lakSaNoM kA pUrA jJAna rakhate the| napuMsaka aisI agni ke samAna mAne gaye the jo prajvalita to jaldI hotI hai, parantu rahatI dera taka hai" ( napuMsakovedo mahAnagaradAhasamAnA ) / unameM ubhaya vAsanA kI pravRtti hotA hai| vakhA-puruSa donoM ko kAma-vAsanA kA Ananda lete hai| isa kAraNa ve strI-puruSa donoM kI kAma-vAsanA ko pradIpta karane vAle hote haiN| inake kAraNa samalaiMgikatA ( Homose mosexuality) ko protsAhana milatA hai aura bhikSu-bhikSaNiyoM kA cAritrika patana hotA hai| ataH yaha prayatna kiyA gayA thA ki aise vyakti saMgha meM kisI prakAra praveza na pA skeN| ina sabhI sAvadhAniyoM ke bAvajUda koI na koI bhikSuNI samAja ke durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke jAla meM pha~sa jAtI thii| aisI paristhiti meM unheM salAha dI gaI thI ki ve carmakhaNDa, zAka ke patte, 1. nizItha bhASya, gAthA, 289 / 2. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 5254-59, pR0 1397 / 3. vahI , 5139-64, pR0 1368-1373 / 4. nizItha bhASya, bhAga tRtIya, gAthA 3561-3624 pR0 240-254 / 5. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga paMcama, 5148-TIkA pR0 1370 /
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________________ 108 aruNa pratApa siMha darbha tathA hAtha se apane guptAgoM kI rakSA kreN|' itanI sAvadhAnI rakhane para bhI usa para balAtkAra kara diyA jAtA thA aura garbhAdhAna ho jAtA thA / isa avasthA meM jaba sAdhvI kA svayaM kA koI doSa na ho, jaina saMgha saccI mAnavatA ke guNoM se yukta hokara rakSA karatA huA usakI sabhI apekSita AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA thaa| na to vaha ghRNA kI pAtra samajhI jAtI thI aura na use saMgha se bAhara nikAlA jAtA thA / use yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki aisI ghaTanA ghaTane ke bAda sarvaprathama vaha AcArya yA pravattanI se kahe / ve yA to svayaM usakI dekhabhAla karate the yA garbha Thaharane kI sthiti meM use kisI zraddhAvAna zrAvaka ke ghara ThaharA diyA jAtA thA / aisI bhikSuNI ko nirAzraya chor3a dene para AcArya ko bhI daNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3atA thA / bhikSuNI ko bhikSA ke lie nahIM bhejA jAtA thA, apitu dUsare sAdhu evaM sAdhvI usake lie bhojana evaM anya Avazyaka vastue~ lAte the / aisI bhikSuNI kI AlocanA karane kA kisI ko adhikAra nahIM thA / isa doSa ke lie jo usa para U~galI uThatA thA yA usakI ha~sI ur3AtA thA, vaha daNDa kA pAtra mAnA jAtA thA / isake mUla meM yaha bhAvanA nihita thI ki aisI durbhAgyapUrNa sthiti meM usakI AlocanA karane para vaha yA to nirlajja ho jAyegI yA lajjA ke kAraNa saMgha chor3a degI / donoM hI sthitiyoM meM usakA bhAvI jIvana ke saMkaTapUrNa hone tathA saMgha kI badanAmI kA bhaya thA / isa kAraNa usake sAtha sahAnubhUti pUrvaka vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA / isake mUla meM yaha sUkSma manovaijJAnikatA thI ki bure vyakti bhI acche bana sakate haiM aura koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki eka bAra satpatha se vicalita huI bhikSuNI ko yadi samyak mArgadarzana mile to vaha sudhara nahIM sakatI hai / nizIthabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki kyA varSAkAla meM atyadhika jala ke kAraNa apane kinAroM ko tor3atI huI nadI, bAda meM apane rAste para nahIM A jAtI hai aura kyA aMgAra kA Tukar3A bAda meM zAnta nahIM ho jAtA hai ? isa sambandha meM jainAcAryoM ne sUkSma manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai / yaha parikalpanA yadi manuSya hamezA kArya meM lagA rahe to bahuta kucha aMzoM meM kAma para vijaya pAI jA sakatI hai / nizItha cUrNa meM gA~va kI kAmAtura eka sundara yuvatI kA dRSTAnta dekara uparyukta mata ko samajhAne kI saphala ceSTA kI gaI hai / vaha sundara yuvatI jo pahale apane rUpa-raMga evaM sAja-zrRMgAra meM vyasta rahatI thI - kAryaM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa kAma bhAvanA ko hI bhUla jAtI hai, kyoMki ghara ke sAmAna ke rakha-rakhAva kI jimmedArI use sauMpa dI gaI thI / isa pratIkAtmaka kathA ke mAdhyama se saMgha ke sadasyoM ko yaha sujhAva diyA gayA thA ki ve hamezA dhyAna evaM adhyayana meM lIna raheM tathA mastiSka ko khAlI na rakheM / digambara sAhitya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla sambandhI niyama : jainoM ke digambara sampradAya ke granthoM meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA ke sambandha meM atyanta satarkatA baratI gaI thI / bhikSuNiyoM ko kahIM bhI akele yAtrA karane kI anumati nahIM thI / unheM 1. khaMDe patte taha dabbhacIvare taha ya hatyapihaNaM tu, addhANavivittANaM- AgADhaM sesa'NAgADhaM / -- bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga tRtIya, 2986, pR0 843 / 2. ummaggeNa vi gaMtu N, Na hoti ki sotavAhiNI salilA, kAleNa phuphugA vi ya, vilIyate hshseunnN"| - bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga caturtha, 4147 pR0 1128 / 3. nizItha bhASya, bhAga dvitIya, gAthA, pR021 |
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________________ 109 jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNiyoM kI zIla-surakSA kA prazna 3, 5 yA 7 kI saMkhyA meM hI eka sAtha jAne kA vidhAna thaa| unakI surakSA ke lie sAtha meM eka sthavirA bhikSaNI bhI rahatI thii| unheM upayukta upAzraya meM hI Thaharane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / saMdigdha caritra vAle svAmI ke upAzraya meM rahanA niSiddha thaa| upAzraya meM bhI unheM 2, 3 yA isase adhika kI saMkhyA meM Thaharane kI salAha dI gayI thii| unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki upAzraya meM rahate hue ve paraspara apanI rakSA meM tallIna rheN| upayukta upAzraya na milanepara unheM roSa-bairamAyA Adi kA tyAga kara, ekAgra citta hokara dhyAna-adhyayana karate hue maryAdApUrvaka rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thA / naitika niyamoM kA pAlana kaThoratA se kiyA jAtA thaa| unheM sAMsArika vastuoM ke moha se sarvathA virata rahane kI salAha dI gaI thii| svayaM snAna karanA tathA gRhastha ke baccoM ko nahalAnA tathA khilAnA pUrNatayA varjita thA / sundara dIkhane ke liye apane zarIra ko sajAnA tathA suzobhita karanA bhI sarvathA niSiddha thA / bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM ke ati-vikasita hone se unameM rAga Adi kI bhAvanA utpanna ho sakatI thI-ataH unake pArasparika sambandhoM ko yathAsambhava maryAdita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA thaa| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM meM bhikSuNiyoM ke zIla-surakSArtha atyanta satarkatA baratI jAtI thii| isa sambandha meM paristhitiyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue aneka niyamoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| ina niyamoM kI prakRti se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke AcAryoM ne isa sambandha meM gambhIra cintana kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki unhoMne jina niyamoM kA sRjana kiyA thA unameM unakI sUkSma manovaijJAnikatA ke darzana hote haiN| -zodha sahAyaka, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vaaraannsii| 1. mUlAcAra, bhAga prathama 4/194, pR0 167 / 2. "do tiNNi vA ajjAo bahugIo vA saMhatthati"-mUlAcAra, bhAga prathama, 4/191, pR0 164 / 3. mUlAcAra, bhAga prathama, 41188-pR0, 162 / 4. "agRhasthamizranilaye'sannipAte vizuddhasaMcAre dve tisrau bahvayo vAryAH anyonyAnukUlAH parasparAbhirakSaNA bhiyuktA gataroSavaramAyAH salajjamaryAdakriyA adhyayanaparivartanazravaNakathanatapovinayasaMyameSu anuprekSAsu ca tathAsthitA upayogayogayuktAzcAvikAravastraveSA jallamalaviliptAstyaktadehA dharmakulakIrtidIkSApratirUpavizuddhacaryAH santyastiSThantIti samudAyArthaH / " -mUlAcAra, bhAga prathama, 41191-TIkA / pR0 166 / 5. vahI , bhAga prathama, 41193, pR0 164 / 6. vahI, bhAga prathama 41196, pR0 168-169 /
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________________ 110 - aruNa pratApa siMha 1. kappasUtta ( kalpasUtraM ) 2. bRhatkalpabhASya, ( bhadrabAhu racita ) 3. kappasUtta ( bRhatkalpasUtra ) 4. gacchAyAra paiNNayaM (gacchAcAra) 5. oghaniyukti ( vRtti ) 6. nizItha sUtra ( vizeSa cUNi ) prathama bhAga dvitIya bhAga tRtIya bhAga . 7. mUlAcAra ( prathama bhAga) sandarbha grantha -prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, 1977 / -- bhAga tRtIya, jaina AtmAnanda samA / bhAvanagara, 1936 / bhAga caturtha, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1938 / bhAga paMcama, -sampAdaka-muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI kamala, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, bAMkalIvAsa, sAMDerAva, rAjasthAna, 1977 / -rAmajI dAsa kizoracandra jaina / mAvasA maNDI, pepsa, 1951 / -bhadrabAhu kRta, Agamodaya samiti, 1919 / -jinadAsamahattara viracita / sanmati jJAna pITha-AgarA 1958 / , ,, ,, 1957 / " "" , 19581 -vaTakarAcArya viracita, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, giragAMva, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1 77 /