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________________ . 666 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi prA0 DaoN0 gajAnana narasiMha sAThe, adhyakSa hindI vibhAga rA0 A0 poddAra vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, mATuMgA, bambaI (1) rAmakathA kA vizvavyApakatva kahate haiM, Aja se lagabhaga sAr3he cAra sahasra varSa ** pUrva ayodhyA meM rAma nAma ke koI eka parama pratApI rAjA ho gae / unakI mahAnatA ke kAraNa, unake jIvana kI anekAneka ghaTanAe~ tathA unake vyaktitva kI vividha vizeSatAe~ lokamAnasa para aMkita ho gaI thI aura unakI kathA logoM kI jihvA para ghara kie huI thiiN| maukhika paramparA se prasArita usa kathA se sUtra saMkalita karate hue, I0 pU0 tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI meM vAlmIki nAmaka kavi ne apane mahAkAvya "rAmAyaNa" athavA "paulastya-vadha" kI saMskRta meM racanA kii| isI rAmAyaNa ko bhArata meM "Adi kAvya" aura usake racayitA ko "Adikavi' mAnA jAtA hai| yaha kAvya brAhmaNa paramparA kI rAmakathAtmaka racanAoM kA mUlAdhAra hai| dUsarI ora vIra (nirvANa) zaka 530 meM, arthAt IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM jainAcArya vimalasUri ne prAkRta meM 'paumacariyaM' nAmaka kRti prastuta karate hue, jaina-paramparA kI rAmakathA lipibaddha kii| yahI jaina rAmakathA kA sarvaprathama arthAt prAcInatama lipibaddha rUpa hai| ___ vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se preraNA lekara anekAneka pratibhAzAlI racayitAoM ne paravartI kAla meM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraza meM choTe-bar3e kAvya, campUkAvya aura nATaka likhe / Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM meM bhI rAmakathAtmaka racanAe~ vipula mAtrA meM kI gaI haiM aura Aja bhI usa viSaya para racanAeM kI jA rahI haiN| ___ aMgrejI, itAliyana, rUsI Adi yoropIyana bhASAoM meM bhArata kI rAmakathAtmaka kRtiyoM ke anuvAda ho gae haiM / pAzcAtya anusandhAnakartAoM, samIkSakoM aura pAThakoM ne vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, uttara-rAmacarita, rAmacaritamAnasa jaisI kRtiyoM kA anuzIlana karate hue, unakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| sIlonI, barmI, cInI, tibbatI, kamboDiyana, hinda cInI Adi eziyAyI bhASAoM meM rAmakathAtmaka sAhitya nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM likhA gayA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se bhArata meM vaidika (brAhmaNa), bauddha aura jaina nAmaka tIna paramparAeM paryApta rUpa meM vikasita haiM / ina tInoM ne rAmakathA ko apanAte hue, use apane-apane dRSTikoNa ke raMga meM raMga diyA-hA~, bauddha-paramparA meM yaha kathA apekSAkRta bahuta kama vikasita rahI hai| brAhmaNa paramparA ne nara rAma ko pahale bhagavAna viSNu kA avatAra mAnA aura anta meM parabrahma ke sthAna para sthApita kiyA, to janoM ne unheM "zalAkA puruSa" mAnA / bauddha jAtakakathAoM ke anusAra, tathAgata gautama buddha apane pUrvajanma meM rAma ke rUpa meM utpanna ho gae the| brAhmaNa aura jaina-paramparA ke AcAryoM tathA kaviyoM ne apane-apane dArzanika siddhAntoM, upAsanA-mArgoM aura sAdhanA-praNAliyoM ko prasArita karane ke hetu rAmakathA ko mAdhyama banA liyA hai / isa dRSTi se aneka purANoM, paurANika kathAoM tathA paurANika zailI ke carita kAvyoM kI racanA vipula mAtrA meM ho gaI hai| dhArmika-dArzanika pakSa ko chor3a bhI deM, to bhI yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki rAmakathA vyAvahArika, * jaina sAhitya kI dRSTi se rAma ko hue 86 hajAra varSa hue haiM / -sampAdaka devendra muni
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________________ jaina rAmakathA ko paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 667 . pArivArika, sAmAjika AdarzoM ko pracura mAtrA meM prastuta karatI hai| vyakti, parivAra tathA samAja ke pratyeka pakSa ko usane sparza kiyA hai, jisase usake jIvana kA vaha abhinna aMga bana cukI hai| sadiyoM pahale, rAmakathA gaMgotrI se utpanna gaMgA kI dhArA sadRza thI; phira gaMgA-dhArA kI bhAMti, rAmakathAdhArA vikasita hotI gaI hai aura aba use Aja kA yaha vizvavyApI rUpa prApta ho gayA hai| kahanA na hogA ki yaha vikAsa usake pratyeka aMga kA-kathAvastu, caritra, uddezya, deza-kAla-sthiti-samasta pahaluoM kA ho gayA hai| (2) rAma kA gaganabhedI vyaktitva aura kRtitva rAmakathA ke vizvavyApakatva kA rahasya nAyaka rAma ke gaganabhedI vyaktitva meM nihita hai| prAgaitihAsika kAla meM rAma kA vyaktitva mUlataH hI asAdhAraNa rUpa se uccakoTi kA rahA hogA; tabhI to kAla-jayI banate hue, IsA-pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI taka vaha gaganabhedI bana sakA thA, athavA banAyA jA sakA thaa| avazya hI usa vyaktitva meM asAdhAraNa vikAsazIlatA rahI hogii| vikAsa ko prApta hote hue usakA jo rUpa vAlmIki ke hAtha lagA, vaha unake hAthoM par3akara rAmAyaNa meM aMkita hone ke pazcAt "naratva" se "nArAyaNatva" kI ora vidya ta-gati se agrasara hotA gayA / vAlmIki ke rAma niyatAtmA mahAvIryo zrutimAn dhRtimAn vshii| buddhimAna, nItimAn vAgmI zrImAn zatru nivarhaNaH // the| ve parama pratApI, dharmajJa, satyasandha, prajAhitarata the| ve samudra-sadRza gambhIra aura himAlaya-sadRza dhIra the| unake vyaktitva kI aura kitanI vizeSatAoM ko ginAe~ ? X nAyaka rAma ko pratinAyaka rAvaNa kA sAmanA karanA thaa| yaha pratinAyaka nAyaka ke lie tulyabala thaa| kucha pahaluoM meM vaha rAma se adhika zaktizAlI thaa| rAma kA vyaktitva tabhI to nikhara utthaa| rAma ke sAtha nyAya thA, dharma thA, naitikatA se paripUrNa sadAcaraNa thA, to rAvaNa ke pakSa meM pAzavikatA thI, anyAya thA, paradhana-paradArAsakti thii| ataH rAma kI vijaya "rAmatva" kI vijaya thii| rAma ke vyaktitva ke anurUpa hI unakA kRtitva thaa| duSkRtyoM kA vinAza karate hue, sAdhu-janoM kI rakSA karake unhoMne saddharma ko pratiSThita kiyaa| unakA rAjya "rAmarAjya" thaa| bhale hI use koI svapna-loka mAne, yUTopiyA kahe, phira bhI vaha hara taraha se kAmya rahA hai, abhISTa rahA hai, Adarza rahA hai| (3) kathA-sAhitya : dharma-saMskAra kA mAdhyama dharma ke pracAra kA, jana-mAnasa para saMskAra utpanna karane kA sarvAdhika lokapriya mAdhyama hai: kathA-sAhitya / prArambha meM to usakA prayoga anajAne meM hI huA hogaa| parantu usakI upayogitA aura lokapriyatA ko dekhakara paravartI kAla meM AcAryoM, netAoM, guru-janoM tathA kavijanoM ne usakA prayoga sahetuka kiyA hogaa| jana-sAdhAraNa ke sammukha ye racayitA dharma, darzana, Adarza Adi ko kathA ke mAdhyama se prastupta karane lge| phira prAcIna yuga to vizeSa rUpa meM vibhUtipUjana kA yuga thaa| isalie hitopadeza dene ke lie jaise AcAryoM ne kalpita kathAoM kA Azraya grahaNa kiyA, vaise hI ihaloka ke mahApuruSoM ke AkhyAna bhI mAdhyama ke rUpa meM unake dvArA svIkAra kie ge| una kathAoM meM aneka tattva jor3a die ge| usase ina kathAoM kA tathA nAyaka Adi ke caritra kA vikAsa hotA gayA / unameM dArzanika, sAdhanAtmaka tattvoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gyaa| unakI lokapriyatA dekhakara usa kathA-sAhityarUpI sAmAjika sampadA ko vibhinnadharmI yA sampradAyoM ke AcArya usa para apanA-apanA adhikAra jatalAne lage / lokapriya nAyaka yA loka-nAyaka ko ve apane-apane sampradAya kA praNetA yA anuyAyI batAne lge| isI prakriyA ke phalasvarUpa rAma, kRSNa Adi vaidika paramparA meM parabrahma svarUpa mAne gae, to jainoM ne unheM jainamatAvalambI "zalAkA puruSa" ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA / nArada jaise RSi para bhI brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina tInoM sampradAya apanA adhikAra batAte hue, use apane-apane sampradAya kA pracAraka mAnate haiM ina bAtoM ko dekhakara bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana kI yaha ukti samIcIna jAna par3atI hai-"hamArA anumAna hai ki kisI aMza meM abauddha aura bauddha sAhitya, donoM hI, eka hI paramparA ke RNI haiN| prAcInakAla kA sAhitya Aja kI taraha spaSTa rUpa se bauddha aura abauddha vibhAga meM vibhakta nahIM thaa| usa samaya eka hI kathA ne bauddhoM ke hAthoM bauddha rUpa aura abauddha kalAkAroM ke hAthoM par3akara abauddha rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hogaa|" bhadanta Ananda kauzalyAyana ne yaha rAmakathA
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________________ 668 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa sambandhI jAtakakathAoM kI aura bauddha sAhitya kI carcA karate hue kahA hai / abauddha se unakA matalaba hai brAhmaNa aura jaina paramparAoM kA sAhitya / isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki eka hI rAmakathA ne brAhmaNa, bauddha aura jaina rUpa kisa sthiti meM grahaNa kie hoNge| (4) jaina rAmakathA nAmAvalI tathA paramparAgata kathA-sUtroM ke AdhAra para vimalasUri ne prAkRta meM jo 'paumacariya' likhA, AcArya raviSeNa ne usakA pallavita rUpAntara saMskRta meM 'padma purANa' nAma se prastuta kiyA (saptama zatAbdI kA uttraardh)| usakA vikasita rUpa svayambhudeva kRta apabhraMza meM likhita 'paumacariu' meM upalabdha hai (navama shtaabdii)| vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kI paramparA ke atirikta, jaina rAmakathA kA aura eka rUpa upalabdha hai, jo guNabhadrakRta 'mahApurANa' meM pAyA jAtA hai (navama shtaabdii)| phira bhI vimalasUri kI paramparA kI rAmakathA jainadharma ke digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM sarvAdhika lokapriya hai| (a) vimalasUri kI paramparA ko rAmakathA vidyAdhara vaMza kI rAkSasa vaMza nAmaka zAkhA meM rAvaNa nAmaka parama pratApI rAjA laMkA kA adhipati thA / vaha parama tejasvI, jina-bhakta tathA parama pratApI thA / kumbhakarNa aura vibhISaNa usake bandhu the, meghanAda (indrajita) usakA putra thaa| rAvaNa ne tapobala se eka sahasra vidyAeM prApta kii| phira usane kubera se laMkA kA rAjya aura puSpaka vimAna jIta liyaa| tadanantara indra, varuNa, yama Adi vidyAdhara rAjAoM ko jItakara vaha marata kSetra ke tIna khaNDoM kA adhipati ho gyaa| _____ idhara ayodhyApati dazaratha ke rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata aura zatrughna nAmaka cAra putra the / jyotiSiyoM ne kahA thA sItA ke kAraNa ki dazaratha ke putra ke hAthoM rAvaNa kA vadha hogA, isalie rAvaNa kI rakSA ke hetu vibhISaNa ne dazaratha aura janaka ko mAra DAlane kA eka bAra yatna bhI kiyA thA, jisameM vaha asaphala ho gayA thaa| rAma-lakSmaNa ne barbara-zabaroM se mithilA kI rakSA karane meM janaka kI sahAyatA kI thii| taba rAma ke pratApa se prasanna hokara, janaka ne apanI putrI sItA rAma ko vivAha meM pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kii| parantu candragati nAmaka vidyAdhara rAjA ke SaDyantra meM ulajhane ke kAraNa, janaka ne sItA kA svayaMvara Ayojita kiyaa| usameM rAma-lakSmaNa ne kramazaH vajrAvarta aura sAgarAvarta dhanuSoM para pratyaMcA car3hAI, to rAma-sItA kA byAha huaa| usa avasara para zaktivardhana kI ATha kanyAoM ne lakSmaNa kA varaNa kiyA / kucha varSa pazcAt dazaratha ne jIvana aura jagata kI asAratA anubhava karane para rAma ko rAjya dene aura svayaM pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI ghoSaNA kii| parantu kekayA (kaikeyI) ne dazaratha dvArA die hue vara ke AdhAra para apane putra bharata ke lie rAjya mAMgA, to kaTutA TAlane ke lie rAma ne svayaM vanavAsa ke lie jAnA nizcaya kiyA aura ve sItA aura lakSmaNa ko sAtha meM lekara ayodhyA se vidA ho ge| idhara dazaratha ne bharata ko usakI icchA ke viruddha rAjya diyA aura svayaM dIkSA lii| tadanaMtara, bharata ne kaikeyI sahita rAma se citrakUTa para milakara unase ayodhyA lauTa Ane kI vinatI kI, parantu solaha varSa ke pazcAt vana se lauTane kA abhivacana dekara, unhoMne use asvIkAra kiyaa| citrakUTa se Age bar3hakara dazapura, kuvaranagara, aruNagrAma, jIvaMtanagara, nandAvarta, jayantapura, kSemAMjali hote hue ve vaMzasthala nagara pahu~ce / vaMzasthala nagara meM muniyoM ko upasarga se bacAte hue unakI upasthiti meM rAma aura sItA ne kucha vrata grahaNa kie / mArga meM lakSmaNa ne aneka prasaMgoM meM apanI vIratA pradarzita kI aura aneka kanyAoM kA pANigrahaNa bhI kiyA / ghUmate-ghAmate ve daNDakAraNya meM Akara, godAvarI ke taTa para latA-maNDapa meM rahane lge| vahIM do muniyoM kI sevA karate hue unakI jaTAyu se bheMTa huI, jise sItA ne putra mAnakara apane pAsa rakha liyaa| eka dina lakSmaNa ke hAthoM sUryahAsa nAmaka khaDga AyA aura usase unhoMne anajAne candranakhA (zUrpaNakhA) ke zambu nAmaka tapasyA-rata putra kA vadha kiyaa| taba vaha badalA lene ke lie unake pAsa AI, phira bhI rAma-lakSmaNa ko dekhakara una para vaha Asakta ho gii| usake vivAha ke prastAva ko lakSmaNa ne ThukarAyA, to usane apane pati evaM devara-khara-dUSaNa ko ukasAyA phalasvarUpa khara senAsahita rAma-lakSmaNa para car3ha daur3A, to dUSaNa ne rAvaNa ko protsAhita kiyaa| rAvaNa sItA ko dekhakara kAma-vihvala ho gayA, usane avalokanI vidyA kI sahAyatA se lakSmaNa kI madada karane ke nimitta rAma ko sItA se dUra bheja diyA aura sItA kA apaharaNa kara, vaha laMkA kI ora cala diyaa| mArga meM usane jaTAyu ko Ahata kiyA, eka vidyAdhara kI vidyAe~ chIna lI aura sIto ko laMkA meM lAkara azoka vana meM rakha diyA usane yaha vrata le rakhA thA ki kisI strI kI icchA ke viruddha 0 0
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________________ jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 666 balAtkAra-pUrvaka usase vaha sambhoga nahIM kregaa| isalie use sItA ko prasanna kara athavA use DarA-dhamakA kara vivAha karane ke lie prayatna karanA Avazyaka thaa| idhara lakSmaNa ne khara-dUSaNa-trizirA ko senA-sahita chinna-bhinna kara DAlA aura unakA rAjya virAdhita ko de diyaa| phira sItA ko apahRta samajhakara ve use khojate hue dakSiNa kI ora cala die| virAdhita kI sUcanA ke anusAra, kiSkindhA ke nikaTa Ane para sugrIva rAma-lakSmaNa se milaa| usase mitratA karane ke pazcAt lakSmaNa ne koTi-zilA ko uThAkara apane bala kA pramANa diyaa| phira mAyA sugrIva ko parAjita kara rAma-lakSmaNa ne sugrIva ko usakI patnI tArA aura rAjya kI punaH prApti karA dii| sugrIva puna: kiSkindhA kA rAjA bana gyaa| yadyapi vAnaroM aura rAkSasoM kI aThAraha pIr3hiyoM se mitratA thI, phira bhI sugrIva apane bahanoI rAvaNa se sItA ko prApta kara lene meM rAma kI sahAyatA karane ke lie taiyAra ho gyaa| sItA kI khoja kara lene kI kSamatA kevala hanumAna meM hI hai, yaha samajhakara sugrIva ne hanumAna ko rAma ke pakSa meM sammilita kara liyaa| hanumAna candranakhA kA jAmAtA thA, phira bhI rAvaNa ko kumArga para bar3hate dekhakara, vaha usake virodha meM rAma kA sAtha dene ko taiyAra ho gyaa| aneka saMkaToM kA sAmanA karate hue aura mahendra Adi aneka rAjAoM ko parAjita kara rAma ke pakSa meM sammilita karAte hue vaha laMkA meM phuNcaa| vaha sItA se milA ; usane rAvaNa ko sadupadeza diyA aura laMkA ko udhvasta karake lauTa aayaa| phira rAma ne vAnara-senA sahita laMkA para AkramaNa kiyaa| mArga meM samudra, setu aura suvela nAmaka rAjA rAma ke pakSa meM sammilita karAe ge| vibhISaNa bhI rAvaNa ke pakSa ko chor3akara rAma kI zaraNa meM A gyaa| ___ aMgada ne rAma ke dUta ke rUpa meM rAvaNa se milakara samajhautA karAne kA yatna kiyA, parantu rAvaNa aura indrajita ne use apamAnita karate hue usakI sUcanA ko asvIkAra kiyaa| yuddha zurU ho gyaa| pahale do dinoM meM rAvaNa ke hasta, prahasta, Aphnoza Adi mahAyoddhA mAre ge| tIsare dina ke yuddha meM kumbhakarNa ne hanumAna ko pakar3a liyA, parantu aMgada ne use mukta karA liyaa| sugrIva, bhAmaNDala Adi ko indrajita ne nAgapAza meM Abaddha kara liyA, phira vibhISaNa ke kayana ke anusAra rAma ne gAruDIvidyA kA prayoga kara unheM mukta kara liyaa| cauthe dina ke yuddha meM lakSmaNa ne indrajita ko aura rAma ne kumbhakarNa ko pakar3a liyaa| yaha dekhakara rAvaNa ne vibhISaNa para eka zakti calA dI, to use bacAne ke lie Age bar3hA huA lakSmaNa usa zakti se Ahata ho gira pdd'aa| isa avasara para praticandra kI sUcanA ke anusAra hanumAna droNaghana rAjA kI kanyA vizalyA ko le AyA aura usake snAna-jala se lakSmaNa saceta ho gyaa| phira lakSmaNa aura vizalyA kA vivAha ho gyaa| ___ tadanaMtara rAvaNa ne naMdIzvara ke utsava ke avasara para bahurUpiNI vidyA ko siddha kiyaa| idhara aMgada Adi ne use vicalita karane kA bahuta prayAsa kiyA, rAvaNa kI striyoM ko bhI apamAnita kiyA thaa| phira bhI rAvaNa avicala rahA / anantara usane sItA kA hRdaya-parivartana kara lene kA yatna kiyaa| parantu use hAra mAnanI pdd'ii| phira usane nizcaya kiyA ki rAma-lakSmaNa ko parAjita karake vaha unheM sItA lauTA degaa| aMta meM rAma aura rAvaNa kA sAta dina yuddha ho gyaa| tatpazcAt lakSmaNa Age bddh'aa| unake yuddha ke gyArahaveM dina rAvaNa ne lakSmaNa kI ora apanA cakra pheMka diyaa| parantu vaha cakra lakSmaNa ke hAtha meM anAyAsa A gyaa| lakSmaNa ne usI cakra se rAvaNa kA vadha kiyaa| - tadanantara vibhISaNa ne rAvaNa kA dAha-saMskAra kiyaa| phira sItA ko sammAnapUrvaka rAma ke pAsa lAyA gyaa| muni aprameyabala kA upadeza sunane para indrajita, kumbhakarNa, maMdodarI Adi ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| phira vibhISaNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka sampanna huaa| laMkA meM chaH varSa bitAne ke bAda rAma Adi ayodhyA lauTa ge| lakSmaNa ne rAjya svIkAra kiyA aura bharata aura kaikeyI ne pravrajyA grahaNa kii| X isake pazcAt jana rAma kathA meM nimnalikhita ghaTanAe~ milatI haiM zatrughna dvArA mathurA ke rAjA madhu ko parAjita karanA-rAma dvArA garbhavatI sItA ko vana meM chur3avA denA-rAma ke bahanoI vanajaMgha dvArA use Azraya denA-lavaNa-aMkuza kA janma, vivAha, rAma-lakSmaNa kA sAmanA karanA, lakSmaNa ke cakra kA prabhAvahIna ho jAnA, nArada dvArA unakA paricaya karAnA-sItA kI agni-parIkSA, dIkSA grahaNa kara AyikA honA, mRtyu ke pazcAt solahaveM svarga meM indra ke rUpa meM janma lenA /
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________________ -O 0 O 670 zrI gokaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa lakSmaNa kI mRtyu - rAma kA vikSipta sA ho jAnA-dIkSA grahaNa karanA, tapasyA, kevalajJAna kI prAptihanumAna, vibhISaNa Adi kA dIkSA grahaNa karanA - lakSmaNa rAvaNa kA naraka- vAsa / X X X mokSa lAbha / (5) darzana tathA purANa prAyaH sabhI prAcIna jAtiyoM, dezoM aura dharmoM meM aneka paramparAgata kathA kahAniyAM hotI haiM / unameM se kucha kA nyUnAdhika aitihAsika AdhAra hotA hai| aisI kathAoM meM prAya: prAkRtika ghaTanAoM, mAnava-jAti kI utpatti, sRSTi kI racanA, prAcIna dhArmika kRtyoM aura sAmAjika rIti rUr3hiyoM ke kucha atyuktipUrNa athavA rUpakAtmaka vivaraNa hote haiM / unameM paramparAgata devI-devatAoM aura paramapratApI puruSoM ke jIvana vRta, rAjavaMzoM kI vaMzAvaliyA~ Adi bhI prastuta hotI haiM / aisI bAteM viziSTa jAti, dharma yA sampradAya kI dArzanika, upAsanAtmaka yA sAdhanAtmaka mAnyatAoM ke anukUla dikhAI detI hai| brAhmaNa purANoM kI bhA~ti, jaina purANa bhI vidyamAna haiN| unameM pradhAnataH 24 tIrthaMkaroM, 12 cakravartiyoM, e baladevoM, 6 vAsudevoM aura prativAsudevoM kI kathAe~ haiM / inake atirikta aneka muniyoM, mahApuruSoM, rAjAoM kI kathAe~ bhI unameM samAviSTa haiM / prAcInakAla meM jaina rAmakathA bhI purANoM yA paurANika zailI meM likhita caritakAvyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai| janoM ke purANoM ke anusAra, rAma kA mUla nAma "padma" (prA0 tathA apabhraMza pauma, poma ) thA / isake AdhAra para rAmakathA AcArya vimalasUri ke prAkRta "paumacariyaM" meM, raviSeNAcArya ke saMskRta 'padmapurANa' meM tathA svayambhudeva ke apabhraMza " paumacariu" meM grathita hai| ye tInoM racanAe~ paurANika zailI meM viracita haiM / ataH kahanA na hogA ki unameM kucha paurANika mAnyatAe~ bhI samAviSTa hai| darzana vaha vijJAna hai jisameM prANiyoM ko hone vAle jJAna yA bodha, saba tattvoM tathA padArthoM ke mUla aura AtmA, paramAtmA, prakRti, vizva, sRSTi Adi se sambandha rakhane vAle niyamoM, vidhAnoM, siddhAntoM Adi kA gambhIra adhyayana, nirUpaNa tathA vivecana hotA hai / usameM saba bAtoM ke rahasya, svarUpa Adi kA vicAra karake tattva, niyama Adi sthira kie hue hote haiM / bhArata meM prAcIna kAla meM darzanazAstra paryApta mAtrA meM vikasita ho cukA thA / sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, nyAya, pUrvamImAMsA, uttaramImAMsA ( vedAnta) nAmaka chaH vaidika yA Astika darzana ke bheda haiM, jabaki cArvAk, bauddha aura jaina darzana vaidiketara yA nAstika darzana kahalAte haiN| vedoM ko asvIkAra karane ke kAraNa, jaina darzana ko vaidikoM ne nAstika darzana kahA hai| (6) paurANika pRSThabhUmi jaina rAmakathA ke lie jina paurANika aura dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai, unakA saMkSipta ullekha nIce kiyA jA rahA hai| jaina rAmakathA kI do paramparAoM meM se vimalasUri kI paramparA kI rAmakathA jainoM ke donoM sampradAyoM meM sarvAdhika lokapriya hai; vaha adhika vikasita bhI hai| ataH jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi kA nimnalikhita vivecana mukhyataH usI ke AdhAra para kiyA jA rahA hai (prAkRta) paumacariyaM (saMskRta) padmapurANa aura (apabhraMza) paumacariu Adi paurANika zailI meM viracita rAmakathAtmaka kRtiyoM meM sRSTi kA svarUpa, loka-paraloka Adi ke viSaya meM aneka jaina mAnyatAe~ samAviSTa haiM / yadyapi ye mAnyatAe~ rAmakathA ke aMga nahIM haiM, phira bhI rAmakathA unake raMga meM raMgI huI hai| isalie unakA ullekha yahA~ para saMkSepa meM kiyA jA rahA hai / ka) kathA kA kRtitva -- jainoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, rAmakathA rUpI saritA tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra ke mukha rUpI raMdhra se niHsRta hokara krama se bahatI huI calI AI hai / vaha tIrthaMkara ke prathama gaNadhara gautama svAmI ko prApta huI aura magadha ke rAjA zreNika kI rAmakathA - sambandhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karane ke hetu unhoMne use sunAI / (kha) rAma kA kAla -- rAma, rAvaNa Adi pAtra bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ke tIrthakAla meM utpanna ho gae the / yaha kAla Aja se sahasroM varSa pUrva par3atA hai / (ga) rAma kA sthAna- rAma bharatakhaNDa ke sAketa ayodhyA nagara meM utpanna hue the sAketa, ayodhyA, citrakUTa, dasapura, daNDakavana, kiSkindhA, laMkA Adi rAmakathA meM ullikhita sthAna jaMbUdvIpa ke antargata bharatakhaNDa meM sthita haiM /
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________________ jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 671 (gha) kAla-tatva-jaina rAmakathAkAroM ne kathA-kathana ke daurAna kAla-tattva sambandhI jaina mAnyatA prastuta kI hai / unake anusAra kAla maulika tatva hai| nizcayakAla aura vyavahArakAla nAmaka kAla ke do bhedoM meM se vyavahAra kAla do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-utsarpiNI aura avsrpinnii| yaha tribhuvanarUpI valmIka kAla-bhujaMgama ne pariveSTita kara rakhA hai| isa kAla-bhujaMgama ke parivAra meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI nAmaka do sapiNiyAM hai| inameM se pratyeka ke cha:chaH putra haiN| una sabakA parivAra vizAla hai| utsapiNI kAla meM padArtha mAtra kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai, jabaki avasarpiNI kAla meM usakI avanati hotI jAtI hai / avasapiNI kAla ke duHkhamA-duHkhamA nAmaka aMza meM saMsAra kI sabase adhika burI sthiti ho jAtI hai / tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, rAma-lakSmaNa-rAvaNa Adi samasta zalAkA puruSa avasarpiNI kAla ke cauthe Are meM ho gae haiM / paumacariyaM Adi ke anusAra muni aprameyabala se kAla-bhujaMgama kA varNana sunakara indrajita, kumbhakarNa Adi ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| (Ga) loka-tattva-jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra, pahale ananta AkAza hai / usake bIca kartA se rahita niraMjana aura parivartanazIla tIna loka haiN| inameM se tiryak loka ke andara jaMbUdvIpa meM sumeru nAmaka svarNa parvata ke dAhine bhAga meM cha:khaNDa bAlA bharatakSetra hai / bharatakSetra ke uttara meM himavAna parvata aura madhya meM vijayAdha parvata hai / uttara bharatakSetra ke tIna aura dakSiNa bharatakSetra ke tIna-kula chaH khaNDa haiN| kahA jA cukA hai, rAma Adi kA sambandha isI bharatakSetra se hai / chahoM khaNDoM kA adhipati cakravartI kahalAtA hai / bharata, sagara Adi bAraha cakravartI ho gae haiM / tIna khaNDoM kA adhipati ardhacakravartI kahalAtA hai / lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa ardhacakravartI the| . . (ca) svarga-naraka-zvetAmbara sampradAya bAraha svarga mAnatA hai, to digambara solaha / puNyavAna jIva mRtyu ke bAda svarga meM sthAna prApta karake sukha-bhoga kara lete haiM / rAmakathAkAroM ke anusAra sItA mRtyu ke pazcAt, acyuta nAmaka svarga meM indra ke rUpa meM utpanna huI thii| jaTAyu aura rAma ke senApati kRtAntavaktra ne mAhendra nAmaka cauthe svarga meM janma liyA thaa| jaina purANoM ke anusAra naraka sAta haiM, jinameM pApiyoM ko unake pApa kI mAtrA ke anusAra mRtyu ke pazcAt sthAna milatA hai / ratnaprabhA Adi narakoM meM agni prajvalita rahatI hai, ve nAnA prakAra ke kIr3oM-kRmiyoM kIcar3a se bhare rahate haiN| naraka meM asipatravana tathA vaitaraNI nadI kA bhI astitva hai / paumacariu ke 89vIM sandhi meM ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA Adi narakoM kA ullekha hai, usameM vAlukAprabhA naraka ke eka dRzya kA bhI varNana hai| jaina rAmakathA ke anusAra rAvaNa, lakSmaNa, zambu Adi ko naraka-vAsa prApta ho gayA thaa| svarga avaloka meM haiM, to naraka adholoka meM / (cha) yoniyAM, pUrvajanma aura punarjanma-jaina purANoM ke anusAra jIva ko 84 lAkha yoniyoM meM se bhramaNa karate hue kRmi-kITa, pazu-pakSI, manuSya Adi kA janma grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| pratyeka janma meM karma karate hue jIva mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura apane karma ke anusAra punarjanma prApta karatA hai / jaina rAmakathA meM rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA, rAvaNa, jaTAyu Adi ke pUrvajanmoM kI kathA batAI gaI hai / kevalI rAma ne lakSmaNa Adi ke paravartI janmoM kI jhalaka bhI dikhAI hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra tiryaMca yoni ke jIvoM ko bhI tIrthakara ke samavazaraNa meM sthAna hai aura manuSyetara jIva taka tIrthakara ke upadeza ko zravaNa karane ke lie ikaTThe hote haiM / deva bhI eka svatantra yoni hai aura jIva satkarma karane para use prApta kara sakatA hai| paumacariuM meM kahA hai ki mRtyu ke samaya NamokAra maMtra kA zravaNa karane ke kAraNa eka vAnara svarga meM deva ke rUpa meM utpanna ho gayA thaa| (ja) vaMza-AdikAla ke caudaha kulakaroM meM se antima kulakara nAbhirAjA ke marudevI nAmaka patnI se RSabhadeva nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| yaha putra hI Adi tIrthakara mAnA jAtA hai / RSabhadeva kI eka upAdhi 'ikSvAku' thI isase unakA vaMza "ikSvAku" khlaayaa| RSabhadeva kA bharata nAmaka putra prathama cakravartI ho gyaa| usase "sUryavaMza" cala par3A / rAma-lakSmaNa ikSvAku vaMza kI isI sUryavaMzI zAkhA meM utpanna hue the| RSabhadeva ke bAhubalI nAmaka putra ke vaMza ko "RSivaMza" kahate haiN| bAhubalI ke putra se "soma" yA caMdravaMza cala par3A / mithilAdhipati janaka kA sambandha isI vaMza se hai / rAmakathAtmaka granthoM ke racayitAoM ne AvazyakatAnusAra ina baMzoM kI utpatti aura vistAra kA aura unameM utpanna mahApuruSoM ke pratApa kA varNana kiyA hai| jaba bhagavAna RSabhadeva tapasyA meM lIna the, taba kazyapa aura mahAkazyapa ke putra nami aura vinami vahA~ upasthita hokara rAjya-sampadA kI mAMga karane lge| to dharaNendra ne unheM vidyAe~ aura vijayArgha parvata kI uttara tathA
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________________ 672 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa dakSiNa zreNiyAM rAjya ke rUpa meM pradAna kii| vidyAoM ke dhAraka hone ke kAraNa ve "vidyAdhara" kahalAe aura unakA vaMza "vidyAdharavaMza" nAma se vikhyAta huaa| isI vidyAdharavaMza kI do zAkhAe~ haiM-rAkSasavaMza aura vAnaravaMza / rAkSasa dvIpa ke kAraNa rAkSasavaMza nAma cala par3A, isa vaMza ko rAkSasI vidyA bhI prApta thii| vAnaradvIpa ke nivAsI vidyAghara vAnaravaMzI kahalAe / unake mukuTa, dhvaja Adi vAnara-cihna se aMkita the| paumacariyaM Adi granthoM kA prArambhika bhAga vidyAdharoM ke pratApa aura lIlAoM kI gAthA mAtra hai / rAvaNa Adi ne tapasyA karake vidyAe~ prApta kii| unakA prayoga karake yuddha-bhUmi meM vAnaroM-rAkSasoM ne adbhuta lIlAe~ pradarzita kii| rAmAyaNa meM vidyAdharoM kI vidyAoM kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha milatA hai| rAvaNa ne indra, varuNa, caMdra Adi ko jIta liyA thA, ve deva nahIM the, vidyAdhara the| () deva aura deviyA~-jaina rAmakathA meM devoM aura deviyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / parantu ye indra Adi deva brAhmaNa paramparA ke devoM se bhinna haiM, ve katuMmakatuMmasamartha nahIM haiN| (ja) zalAkA puruSa-kahA jA cukA hai ki vesaTha zalAkA puruSoM kI kathAeM jaina purANoM kA varNya-viSaya haiM / unake anusAra pratyeka kalpa meM 24 tIrthaMkara aura 12 cakravartiyoM ke atirikta nau baladeva, nau vAsudeva yA nArAyaNa aura nau prativAsudeva utpanna hote haiM / ina nau trayioM meM se pratyeka trayI ke baladeva-vAsudeva-prativAsudeva samakAlIna hote haiN| baladeva-vAsudeva tejasvI, ojasvI, parama pratApI, kAnta, kAmya, subhaga, priyadarzana, mahAbalI aura aparAjeya hote haiM vastutaH "baladeva" aura "vAsudeva" upAdhivizeSa haiM / vAsudeva tIna khaNDoM ke adhipati, arthAt "ardha-cakravartI" mAne jAte haiN| prativAsudeva kA bhI tIna khaNDabhUmi para Adhipatya hotA hai / vastutaH vaha bhI mahAna puruSa hotA hai, parantu jIvana ke uttara kAla meM vaha adhikAra ke mada meM anyAya aura atyAcAra karane lagatA hai| usa anyAya ko miTAne ke lie vAsudeva ko prativAsudeva se yuddha karanA par3atA hai| yuddha meM vAsudeva prativAsudeva ko parAjita karake usakA vadha karatA hai / hiMsA ke kAraNa vAsudeva-prativAsudeva naraka meM jAte haiM, jaba ki baladeva svarga athavA mokSa-lAbha kara letA hai|| sahasroM bhavoM meM uttamottama karma karate hue viziSTa jIva baladeva ke rUpa meM utpanna hai, vaha ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA dhArI tathA svarga yA mokSagAmI hotA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vAsudeva baladeva kI apekSA ati una svabhAva kA hotA hai, sAMsArika bhogavilAsa kI bhI abhilASA usameM adhika hotI hai| rAmAyaNa ke rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kramazaH AThaveM baladeva, AThaveM vAsudeva aura AThaveM prativAsudeva mAne gaye haiN| (7) dArzanika pRSThabhUmi (ka) jIva : jainadarzana ke anusAra, jIva svataMtra bhautika tattva hai| usakA pramukha lakSaNa hai-caitanya, jisase vaha samasta jar3a padArthoM se bhinna jAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha kisI se utpanna nahIM hai / vaha na kisI kA aMza hai, na anta meM kisI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / vaha anAdi-nidhana hai| phira bhI vaha deha-pramANa hai / jIvoM ke do bheda haiM-(1) saMsArI jIva, arthAt ve jIva, jo apane karma-saMskAroM ke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoM meM utpanna hote hue zarIroM ko dhAraNa karate hue janma-maraNa dvArA saMsaraNa karate rahate haiM, aura (2) mukta jIva, arthAt ve jIva jo apane karma-saMskAroM se mukta hokara zuddha rUpa meM sadA sthita rahate haiN| jaina rAmAyaNoM meM unake racayitAoM ne yathAsthAna jIvoM kI sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sItA ke apaharaNa ke pazcAt usakI khoja karane vAle vyathita-hRdaya rAma se do cAraNamuni mile / unhoMne rAma ko DhAr3hasa baMdhAne ke hetu sundara dikhAI dene vAlI nArI ke ghinaune rUpa kA ullekha kiyA aura aisI nArI ke udara meM jIva kisa sthiti meM garbhavAsa karatA hai, isakA varNana kiyA hai| saMsArI jIva jue meM jute hue telI ke bala kI taraha saMsAra meM bhaTakatA huA kabhI nahIM thktaa| vaha saMsAra meM Ate-jAte aura marate hue sabako rulAtA hai| khAte hue usane tInoM loka khA DAle aura jala-jalakara sArI dharatI phUMka DAlI / vaha naTa kI taraha saikar3oM rUpa grahaNa kara janma, jarA aura maraNa kI paramparA meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai / ve rAma se kahate haiM, tuma aura sItA donoM saikar3oM yoniyoM meM janma pA cuke ho| (pauma cariu, saMdhi 36) jIva sambandhI adhika jAnakArI hanumAna ke zabdoM meM dI gaI hai| rAvaNa kI sabhA meM hanumAna rAvaNa ko upa
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________________ jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 673 deza dete hue dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha karatA hai / janadarzana meM ina dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / hanumAna ne unakA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue rAvaNa se kahA (paumacariu, saMdhi 44)-isa anitya saMsAra meM sAMsArika vyakti azaraNa hotA hai, vaha asahAya hai| usake anusAra jIva vastutaH nirAdhAra, azaraNa hai| vaha apane pApa-karmoM se Acchanna hokara akelA hI unake phaloM ko bhogatA rahatA hai / usake sAtha usake kie hue sukRta aura duSkRta rahate haiM / vastutaH zarIra se pRthak rahane para bhI jIva ko usa ghinaune evaM apavitra zarIra ke prati aura usake dvArA sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsa ke prati bahuta Asakti hotI hai| (kahanA na hogA ki rAvaNa isakA mUrtimAna udAharaNa hai / ) jIva asaMkhyAta haiM / usakI cAra gatiyA~ haiM-deva, naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya / jIva nitya bhinna-bhinna rUpa dhAraNa karatA huA mAratA hai, piTatA hai, maratA hai, rotA hai, khAtA hai aura khAyA jAtA hai / kahA jA cukA hai ki jIva ke viziSTa janma ke sandarbha meM pUrvajanma hote haiM, paravartI janma bhI hote haiM / jaina rAmAyaNa meM unake racanAkAroM ne rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA, rAvaNa, jaTAyu, Adi ke pUrvamavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne bhAmaNDala, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa Adi ke paravartI bhavoM kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| janma aura mRtyu ke sandarbha meM kahanA hogA ki jIva ke jIvatva rUpa bhAva kA nAza kabhI bhI nahIM hotaa| arthAt mRtyu zarIra kI hotI hai, na ki jIva kI / svayammu ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki jIva kalevara ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura use tyAga detA hai| (saMdhi 54,6 aura 12) / vastutaH pratyeka jIva meM svabhAva se anantajJAna, anantadarzana aura anantasAmarthya Adi guNa rahate haiM, parantu AvaraNIya karmoM ke prabhAva se unakI abhivyakti nahIM hotii| jIva karma se Abaddha hai, phira bhI usase chuTakArA prApta karake vaha mukta ho sakatA hai / mukti prApta karane kI yogyatA ke anusAra jIva ke do bheda haiM-bhavya aura abhavya / jo tapasyA evaM samyagdarzana jJAna cAritra dvArA siddha-pada prApta karane kI yogyatA rakhate haiM, ve 'bhavya' jIva kahalAte haiM / jo isake viparIta haiM, ve 'abhavya' jIva haiM / jaina rAmakathA meM bharata bhavya yA Asanna bhavya hai, use sAMsArika jIvana meM koI ruci nahIM hai| usakI isa virakti ko dekhakara kaikeyI cintita hai, aura use rAjakAja meM ulajhAye rakhane ke hetu vaha dazaratha se usake lie rAjya mAMgatI hai / ye bhavya jIva yathAkAla dIkSA lete haiM aura mokSa-lAma karate haiM / rAma bhI mokSa-lAbha karane ke hetu hI utpanna hue haiN| dUsarI aura rAvaNa, lakSmaNa dIkSA grahaNa nahIM krte| muni rAma ke kathana ke anusAra anekAneka janmoM ke pazcAta ye saMsArI jIva mokSa lAbha kreNge| isakA yaha matalaba huA ki rAma, bharata, hanumAna Adi sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya karate hue mokSa jAne kI zakti prApta karake utpanna hue haiN| (kha) paramAtmA : jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA ke tIna bheda haiM-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| karma-phalasvarUpa ajJAna se zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM meM Asakta tathA indriyoM ke viSayoM meM nimagna jIva bahirAtmA kahA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se candranakhA (zUrpaNakhA), mAyA-sugrIva bahirAtmA haiM, rAvaNa bhI adhikAMzataH bahirAtmA hai| jisakI dRSTi bAhya padArthoM se haTakara apanI AtmA kI ora unmukha hotI hai aura sva-para kA viveka hone se jo laukika kAryoM meM anAsakta aura Atmika kAryoM meM sAvadhAna hotA hai, use antarAtmA kahate haiM / dazaratha, rAma, hanumAna Adi apane jIvana ke uttarakAla meM isa prakAra ke antarAtmA ho gae / gharabAra Adi kA parityAga karake sAdhu-jIvana ko aMgIkAra karate hue jo AtmasvarUpa kI sAdhanA meM tatpara ho jAte haiM, ve uttama antarAtmA hai| isa dRSTi se dazaratha, rAma, sItA, bharata, hanumAna, bAlI Adi anta meM uttama antarAtmA ho ge| jo uttama antarAtmA kI sarvocca dazA meM pahuMca kara apane Antarika vikAroM kA abhAva kara parama kaivalya ko prApta ho jAtA hai, use paramAtmA kahate haiM / isa dRSTi se muni kulabhUSaNa, aprameyabala paramAtmA haiM, rAma bhI anta meM munidharma svIkAra karake kevalajJAna kA upArjana karane meM samartha ho gae hai / ataH rAma anta meM paramAtmA ho gae haiN| janadarzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha pratyeka AtmA ko yaha vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki vaha apanA vikAsa karate-karate svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| rAma usake pratyakSa udAharaNa haiN| (ga) mokSa : jaina-darzana ke anusAra jIva ke sampUrNa karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne ko 'mokSa' kahate haiM / jisa mArga se karma kA 'Asrava' hai, usakA 'saMvara' yA nirodha karate hue karmoM kI 'nirjarA' (vinAza) karane se jIva ko mokSa lAbha ho jAtA hai / isa sthiti meM AtmA kA vinAza yA kisI anya paramAtmA meM vilIna honA apekSita nahIM hai| mokSa ko prApta huA jIva nirmala, nizcala aura anantacaitanyamaya ho jAtA hai| rAma Adi isI prakAra ke jIva ho gae haiN|
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________________ 674 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : SaSThama khaNDa jIva svabhAvataH UrdhvagAmI hotA hai / ataH karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne para jIva zarIra se viyukta ho jAtA hai aura loka ke anta ko prApta karatA hai| lokAna meM jisa sthAna para mukta jIva ThaharatA hai, use 'siddhazilA' kahate hai| rAmAyaNa ke anekAneka pAtra mokSa ko prApta ho jAte haiM aura siddhazilA para nivAsa karane ke adhikArI ho jAte haiN| (gha) manuSya-jIvana kA carama lakSya-jainadarzana ke anusAra manuSya-jIvana kA carama lakSya mokSa-prApti hai| sAMsArika dhana-vaibhava evaM sukhopabhoga kI sArahInatA anubhava karake usakA tyAga karanA aura pravrajyA lenA mokSa-lAbha ke mArga kA mahattvapUrNa par3Ava hai| jaina rAmakathA ke anusAra dazaratha, bAlI, rAma, sItA, hanumAna Adi pAtra pravrajyA lete haiM aura mokSa-mArga para agrasara ho jAte hai| rAvaNa, lakSmaNa, zambu Adi aisA nahIM karate, isalie unheM mokSa prApti ke pahale aura bhI anekAneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karanA pdd'egaa| (Ga) jagata : jainadarzana ke anusAra jagata ko ananta aura sarvavyApI AkAza meM sthAna prApta hai / isa jagata kA koI nirmAtA nahIM hai, isa dRSTi se vaha svayaMsiddha tathA anAdi hai| phira bhI pratyeka dravya kI bhAMti vaha pariNamana karatA rahatA hai / ata: vaha sArahIna hai, pratyeka-sthiti kSaNika hai / bhogavilAsa, dhana-daulata Adi kI niHsAratA bhavya jIva ko usakA parityAga karane kI preraNA detI hai| isakA mAna hone para dazaratha ne sarvatyAga karake pravrajyA grahaNa kii| eka tAre ke gira kara vinaSTa hone ko dekhakara hanumAna ne vahI kiyaa| isa niHsAra rAjya-vaibhava ke lie lar3AI-jhagar3A kyoM kareM?-isa vicAra se bAlI ne rAjyazrI sugrIva ko sauMpa kara pravrajyA grahaNa kii| bharata ne rAma ko rAjya lauTAkara vahI kiyaa| (ca) mAyA : 'pAiasaddamahaNNava' ke anusAra 'mAyA' kA artha hai-chala-kapaTa, dhokhA / jaina granthoM ke anusAra mAyA cAra kaSAyoM meM se eka hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kA prayoga jahA~ para viSamarUpa se kiyA jAe, vahA~ mAyAkaSAya samajhanA cAhie / arthAt, dUsare ko dhokhA dene yA Thagane ke abhiprAya se apane mana ke abhiprAya ko chipAkara dUsarA Azaya prakaTa karanevAle vacana bolane yA zarIra se vaisI koI ceSTA karane tathA isI prakAra vacana aura kAya meM bhI vaiSamya rakhane ko mAyA kahate haiM / mAyA Adi kaSAya AtmA ko kasakara usameM vikRti utpanna karate haiM aura use karmamala se malina karate haiM / jaina rAmakathA ke antargata mAyAsugrIva prakaraNa mAyA kA mUrtimAna udAharaNa hai / sahasragati nAmaka vidyAdhara ne chala-kapaTapUrvaka sugrIva kA-sA rUpa dhAraNa karake usakI patnI rAjya Adi chIna liyA aura usakI prajA ko bhI cakamA diyaa| rAvaNa ne bhI avalokanI vidyA kI sahAyatA se siMhanAda utpanna karavAkara sItA kI rakSA karane vAle rAma ko dhokhA diyA aura rAma ke dUra cale jAne para sItA kA apaharaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra rAvaNa mAyA kaSAya se lipta ho gayA / candranakhA dvArA rAma-lakSmaNa ko dhokhA dene kA yatna bhI isI zreNI meM AtA hai| (cha) karma : bhAratIya darzana meM karmasiddhAnta viziSTa mahatva rakhatA hai| ise bhArata ke sabhI dArzanika saMpradAyoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai, phira bhI usakI vyAkhyA apane-apane DhaMga se kI hai| jainadarzana meM karma sambandhI dRSTikoNa vaijJAnika hai / yahA~ saMkSepa meM itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki zarIra, mana aura vacana kI kriyA yA 'yoga' se AkarSita pudgala paramANu AtmA meM cipakate haiM / AtmA ke samparka meM Ane vAle kArmANa vargaNA ke paramANu 'karma' kahalAte haiN| AtmA ke samparka meM yogAkarSita paramANuoM ke Ane ko 'Asrava', rokane ko 'saMvara' aura unake jhar3a jAne ko nirjarA kahate haiM / karma ke anekAneka bheda batAe gae haiM / jIva kA pratyeka karma apanA kucha-na-kucha prabhAva dikhAtA hI hai / sAdhaka ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya karake paramAtma pada prApta karatA hai| jaina rAmAyaNoM meM bAlI, rAma Adi dvArA ghAtikarmo ke kSaya kara dene kA nyUnAdhika vistAra se ullekha milatA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra karma kA kartA aura karma-phala kA bhoktA svayaM jIva hotA hai| sAdhaka viziSTa niyama ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA huA apanA vikAsa svayaM kara letA hai / brAhmaNa-paraMparA kI rAmakathA meM RSi-muniyoM ke abhizApa yA varadAna tathA rAma dvArA kisI kA uddhAra karate hue use mokSa-mukti dilA dene kI kathAe~ milatI haiM, parantu jaina rAmakathA meM aisI kathAe~ nahIM milatIM / rAma na kisI kA uddhAra karate haiM na koI muni kisI ko abhizApa detA hai / rAvaNa sItA ke sAtha balAtkAra isalie nahIM karatA ki usane vaisA vrata le rakhA hai| jaina karma siddhAnta kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa jaina rAmakathA ke vyaktitva aura unakI kathA kA raMga hI badala gayA hai| (ja) darzana : jIva ke catanya lakSaNa kA tAtparya 'upayoga' se hai aura upayoga ke darzana aura jJAna nAmaka do
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________________ bheda haiM / vastutaH apanI sattA kI anubhUti yA AtmacetanA hI 'darzana' kahalAtI hai / tattvarUpa arthoM ke zraddhAna ko tattvArthaM zraddhAna kahate haiM aura isI kA nAma 'samyagdarzana' hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra 'samyagdarzana' mokSa prApti ke trividha sAdhanoM meM se eka hai - vaha AtmA kA guNa hai / usake udita hone para AtmA meM prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukaMpA Adi bhAva prakaTa hote haiM / jaina rAmAyaNoM meM bAlI, rAma tathA muniyoM dvArA samyagdarzana ke upArjana kA ullekha milatA hai / jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 675 (jha) jJAna: jaina zAstroM ke anusAra jIva ke upayoga lakSaNa ke bhedoM meM se bAhya padArthoM ko avagata karane kI zakti kA nAma jJAna hai| sAdhaka meM jJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma se Acchanna rahatA hai aura sAdhaka viziSTa sAdhanA dvArA usa karma kA kSaya karate hue jJAna ko prApta karatA hai| mokSa prApti ke lie samyakjJAna Avazyaka hai| jisameM bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat kAla ke viSayabhUta ananta gupta-paryAyoM se mukta padArtha yathArtha rUpa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / use samyakjJAna kahate haiN| jJAna ke aneka bheda batalAe jAte haiM / yahA~ rAmakathA ke sandarbha meM unameM se kevalajJAna kA ullekha karanA paryApta hogA / triloka aura trikAla ke samasta padArthoM ko hastAmalakavat pratyakSa jAnane ko kevalajJAna kahate haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAroM ghAtikarmoM kA nAza karane se sAdhaka ko kevalajJAna prApta ho jAtA hai / taba vaha sAdhaka 'kevalI' kahalAtA hai| jaina rAmakathA meM bAlI, rAma Adi ke kevalI ho jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| isI ke bala para muni rAma ne dazaratha, mAmaNDala, lavaNa, aMkuza, lakSmaNa Adi ke anyAnya bhavoM kA varNana kiyA / kevalajJAna se yukta AtmA paramAtmA ho jAtA hai aura usake utpanna ho jAne ke avasara para jJAnakalyANa utsava mAnane ke lie indra Adi deva upasthita hai| (8) sAdhanA-pakSa (ka) cAritra jaina zAstroM ke anusAra mokSa prApti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyA aura samyakcAriva atyanta Avazyaka haiM / darzana aura jJAna ko upalabdhi ke lie cAritra sambandhI sAdhanAtmaka pakSa nIMva ke barAbara hai / hiMsA, anRta, caurya, kuzIla aura parigraha-ina pA~ca pApoM kA tyAga karane aura para-padArthoM meM Asakti, rAga, dveSa na rakhate hue udAsInatA yA Anasakti anubhava karane ko cAritra kahate haiM / pA~ca pApoM kA sthUlarUpa se tyAga karane ko dezacAritra kahate haiN| dezacAritra kA dhAraka vyakti zrAvaka kahalAtA hai | zrAvaka ke pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata nAmaka bAraha vrata batAe jAte haiM / vArya aMga hai / paMca pApoM kA pUrNataH tyAga karane ko mahAvrata kahate haiM-yahI sakala cAritra hai aura yaha munidharma kA ani jaina rAmakathAtmaka granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para uparyukta vratoM aura unake phaloM kA ullekha milatA hai| isake atirikta hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki rAmakathA ke pAtroM ke cAritrika gaThana kA parIkSaNa isa sandarbha meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie, rAma hiMsA, acaurya, anRta Adi pApoM se mukta haiN| isalie ve sarvazreSTha vyakti haiM / lakSmaNa ke hAthoM hiMsA hotI hai, ataH vaha naraka meM jAtA hai| dUsarI ora rAvaNa hiMsAcAra karatA hai, sItA kA apaharaNa karatA hai, asatya kA Azraya karake sItA, rAma Adi ko dhokhA dene kA yatna karatA hai, parastrI ke prati use Asakti hai, dhanAdi kA parigraha karatA hai / isalie anya uttama guNoM ke hote hue bhI usakA adhaHpatana ho jAtA hai| rAma se ahiMsA vrata kA nirvAha karAnA hai, saMbhavataH isalie rAvaNa, khara-dUSaNa, Adi ke vadha kA uttaradAyitva jaina rAmakathAkAroM ne lakSmaNa para chor3a diyA / zikSAvratoM ke antargata jina-vaMdanA, upavAsa, AhAradAna aura saMllekhanA nAmaka vrata Ate haiM / svayambhu Adi kaviyoM ne inakA vivecana kiyA hai / (kha) bhakti sAdhanA sambandhI AcArapakSa meM jaina zAstra bhakti kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAnate haiM / jIva ko apane kalyANa ke lie jinendra ke prati zraddhApUrvaka bhaktibhAva rakhanA Avazyaka hai| jinendra ke atirikta kisI anya ke prati natamastaka na hone yA kisI ko praNAma na karane kI pratijJA karane vAle vyakti jaina rAmakathA meM milate haiN| aisI pratijJA ke kAraNa bAlI ko rAvaNa kA sAmanA karanA par3A, tathA vajrakarNa ko saMkaTa jhelane par3e / jaina-zAstroM ke anusAra bhakti ke nimnalikhita aMga mAne jAte haiMpUjA-vidhAnastutitoSa, saMstavana, baMdana, vijaya, maMgala, mahotsava |
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________________ 676 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana prantha : SaSThama khaNDa kahanA na hogA ki ye saba bhakti kI abhivyakti kI zailiyA~ mAtra haiN| bhAva ke vicAra se inameM ekadUsare meM koI antara nahIM hai| stuti-stotra, stavana ityAdi-ArAdhya ke guNoM kI prazaMsA karanA stuti hai / aisI stutiyAM sAdhaka ke karmamala ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| jaina rAmakathA ke anusAra rAma-lakSmaNa-sItA ne ayodhyA se nikalakara siddhavara kUTa meM vizrAma kiyA aura phira jinendra kI vandanA kii| unhoMne sahasrakUTa para sthita jinendra kI stuti kI thii| muni kulabhUSaNa dezabhUSaNa ko hone vAle upadrava ko rAma ne dUra kiyaa| tadanantara jaba munivaroM ko kevalajJAna utpanna huA to rAma ne unakI vandanA kii| hanumAna ne mandarAcala para stuti kii| isa prakAra kI stutiyoM ke rAmakathA meM aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| svayambhu Adi jaina granthakartA granthArambha meM jinavandanA karate haiN| isa prakAra vandanA aura vinaya ke bhI udAharaNa pAe jAte haiN| maMgala-jo mala ko galAkara naSTa karatA hai, vaha maMgala kahalAtA hai| usase AtmA zuddha hote hue paramasukha kA anubhava karatI hai| rAma dvArA bhagavAna jinendra kI vandanA karate hue unake aneka nAmoM kA smaraNa karanA (paumacariu, sandhi 43), rAvaNa kI kailAsa yAtrA (sandhi 13), nandIzvara mahotsava (sandhi 71) Adi maMgala bhakti ke udAharaNa hai / koTizilA uThAne ke pUrva lakSmaNa ne cAroM maMgaloM kA uccAraNa kiyA (sandhi 44) / mahotsava-isameM nRtya, gAyana, vAdana, ratha-yAtrA Adi dvArA bhakta kI bhakti kI abhivyakti hotI hai / muniyoM ke pUjana ke pazcAt sItA ne bhakti-pUrvaka nRtya kiyA thA (sandhi 32) / rAvaNa ne kailAsa-uddharaNa ke anantara bhakti-pUrvaka gAyana kiyA thA (sandhi 13) / isI prakAra lakSmaNa dvArA gAna karane (sandhi 32) aura rAma dvArA sughoSa vINA bajAne kA ullekha milatA hai| hariSeNa prakaraNa meM ratha-yAtrA kA bhI ullekha hai| rAvaNa ne laMkA meM bar3e utsAha ke sAtha nandIzvara utsava sampanna kiyA thA (sandhi 71) / isa bhakti bhAvanA kI abhivyakti ke lie arihanta, siddha, AcArya, tIrthakara Adi AlambanasvarUpa hai / (ga) tapa-jaina zAstroM ke anusAra, karma-nirjarA ke lie jisa mahAna puruSArtha yA prayAsa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, use tapa kahate haiM / tapa ke mukhya do bheda haiM-bAhyatapa aura Abhyantaratapa / inameM se pratyeka ke chaha-chaha upabheda haiM / jaina rAmakathA meM batAyA gayA hai ki dazaratha, hanumAna, bAlI, rAma Adi aneka vyaktiyoM ne yathAkAla gharabAra kA tyAga karake tapa ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| tapa kA AcaraNa AsAna nahIM hai / tapa karane vAle ke mArga meM aneka bAdhAeM upasthita ho jAtI haiM, tapa karane vAle ko pralobhana dikhAe jAte haiM, upadrava bhI kiyA jAtA hai| phira bhI sAdhaka ko avicala rahanA caahie| muni dezabhUSaNa-kulabhUSaNa kA tapa prakaraNa isa dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / rAma ke tapa kI kathA (sandhi 60) bhI isa dRSTi se dhyAna dene yogya hai| (gha) dhyAna-tapa karane vAlA sAdhaka dhyAna dvArA karmoM kA nAza karatA hai| ghAtikarmoM kA nAza karane ke uparAnta sAdhaka ko kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai| rAma Adi dhyAna dvArA hI kevalI hue haiN| (ka) anuprekSAeM-janadarzana ke anusAra, zarIra tathA saMsAra kI anyAnya vastuoM kI prakRti kA tathA ucita siddhAntoM kA anavarata cintana hI 'anuprekSA' hai / anuprekSA ke bAraha bheda mAne gae haiM / vastutaH ina bAraha anuprekSAoM meM jaina-darzana ke bahuta se pramukha siddhAnta samAviSTa haiN| anuprekSA karmabandha se mukti prApta karane kA pramukha sAdhana hai / ataH vimalasUri, raviSeNAcArya tathA svayambhu jaise rAma-kathAkAroM ne apane-apane granthoM meM anuprekSAoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| indrajita ne hanumAna ko nAgapAza meM Abaddha karake rAvaNa ke sammukha upasthita kara diyA, to hanumAna ne rAvaNa ko sanmArga kA upadeza dete hue dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA varNana kiyA / ye anuprekSAe~ nIce likhe anusAra haiM : 1. adhruva-jIvana, sampatti, saMsAra-saba kSaNika hai, kevala dharma asthira nahIM hai / 2. azaraNa-mRtyu se hamArI koI bhI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA / isa azaraNa avasthA meM dharma hI jIva kA eka mAtra sahArA hai| 3. ekatva-saMsAra meM jIva kA sukha-dukha meM, janma-mRtyu Adi meM koI bhI sAthI nahIM hai / kevala usake sukRta duSkRta usake sAtha rahate haiN|
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________________ jaina rAmakathA kI paurANika aura dArzanika pRSThabhUmi 677 . 4. anyatva-zarIra, vaibhava, svajana-parijana saba dUsare haiM / dharma ke atirikta jIva kA koI anya sAthI nahIM hai| 5. saMsAra-jIva cAra gatiyoM meM ghUmatA huA apane pApoM kA phala bhogatA rahatA hai| 6. triloka-jIva triloka meM vibhinna yoniyoM meM utpanna hote hue pApoM kA phala bhogatA rahatA hai / 7. azuci-yaha anuprekSA deha kI ghinaunI sthiti kI ora saMketa karatI hai| 8. Anava-aneka prakAra ke karmoM se jIva Acchanna rahatA hai| 6. saMvara-yaha anuprekSA karma nirodha kI ora saMketa karatI hai| 10. nirjarA-isa anuprekSA ke anusAra jIva upavAsa, vrata, tapa Adi dvArA karmaphala kA nAza karatA hai| 11. dharma-isa anuprekSA meM jIvadayA, mRdutA, citta kI saralatA, lAghava, tapazcaraNa, saMyama, brahmacarya satya Adi dharma Ate haiN| 12. bodhi-isa anuprekSA ke anusAra, jIva ko yaha dina-rAta socanA cAhie ki bhava-bhava meM jinendra mere svAmI hoM, bhava-bhava meM mujhe samyakjJAna, samyak-darzana evaM nija guNa-sampatti kI prApti ho aura karma-mala kA nAza ho / (8) rAmakathA kA upasaMhAra rAma : dIkSA-tapasyA-nirvANa anta meM rAmakathA ke nAyaka ke jIvana ke antima caraNa para prakAza DAlanA samIcIna jAna par3atA hai| usake AdhAra para pAThaka rAma jaise mokSagAmI vyakti ke jIvana ke sAdhanAtmaka pakSa ke bAre meM anumAna kara skeNge| lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAma mohAndha hokara use jIvita hI samajhakara usake zava ko surakSita rakha rahe the| parantu do devoM dvArA unheM udbodha diyA gayA, to unakA moha dUra huA aura unakI A~kheM khula gii| unheM apanI mUrkhatA para glAni anubhava huI / jaba unako bodha prApta ho gayA, to devatAoM ne apanI RddhiyoM kA pradarzana unake sammukha kara diyaa| phira lakSmaNa kA dAha-saMskAra karane ke pazcAt unhoMne samasta parigraha kA tyAga kiyA aura mahAvratoM ko niSThApUrvaka svIkAra kiyaa| unhoMne bAraha prakAra ke kaThora tapa kie, parISaha sahana kie aura samitiyoM kA pAlana kiyA ve pahAr3a kI coTI para dhyAna-magna hokara baiTha ge| eka dina rAta meM unheM avadhijJAna kI utpatti huI / dhIre-dhIre unhoMne saMsAra-bhramaNa ke mUla kAraNa karmoM ke nAza ke lie tatpara ho gae / SaSTha upavAsa karane ke bAda jaba ve dhanakanaka deza meM pahu~ce, to vahAM ke rAjA ne unako pAraNA kraayaa| phalasvarUpa devoM ne dundubhiyAM bajAte hue unakA sAdhuvAda kiyA, apAra dhana kI varSA kara dii| tadanantara mahAmuni rAma ne dharatI para vihAra kiyA aura ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA / phira koTizilA para baiThakara Atma-dhyAna meM lIna ho gae / avadhijJAna se unakI isa sthiti ko jAna kara sItA ke jIva rUpI indra ne unheM vicalita karane kA apAra prayatna kiyA, phira bhI munivara rAma kA mana aDiga rahA / anta meM mAgha zuklA dvAdazI ke dina unhoMne cAra ghAtikarmoM kA nAza karake parama ujjvala kevalajJAna prApta kiyA, to triloka-trikAla lavaNa Adi kI sthiti ke bAre meM jijJAsA prakaTa kI, to kevalI munIndra rAma ne unake sthityantaroM kA varNana kiyA / kitane hI dinoM ke pazcAt rAma ne mokSa prApta kiyaa| upasaMhAra - saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina rAmakathA ke vivekavAna pAtroM ke AcAra-vicAra jaina-darzana se anuprANita haiN| jo isakA dhyAna nahIM rakhate, unakA adhaHpAta ho jAtA hai| vastutaH darzana jIvana kA lakSya nirdhArita karatA hai, vaha amUrta hai, jabaki sAdhanApakSa vyAvahArika hotA hai| jaina rAmakathA ke anusAra rAma jaise Adarza pAtra vyavahAra-pakSa kA dhyAna rakhate hue jIvana ke carama lakSya kI aura agrasara hote jAte haiM / kahA jA cukA hai rAmakathA ke vimalasUri, raviSeNa, svayambhu Adi racanAkAra dhArmika dArzanika dRSTikoNa se prabhAvita hai, nyUnAdhika rUpa se ve pracAraka ke stara para utara Ate haiN| ataH avasara milate hI ve darzana aura sAdhanA sambandhI bAtoM kI yA to carcA karate haiM yA unheM vyavahRta hote dikhAte haiM / vimalasUri aura raviSeNa pahale AcArya haiM, ataH unakI kRtiyoM meM isa prakAra kA vivecana adhika milatA hai, jabaki svayambhu kavi pahale haiM, ata: ve sirpha upadezaka ke rUpa meM pAThakoM ke sAmane nahIM Ate / saMkSepa meM jaina racanAkAroM ne jaina dArzanika dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhakara rAmakathA kA varNana kiyA hai|