Book Title: Jain Prarthanas
Author(s): Jain Center of Greater Boston
Publisher: Jain Center of Greater Boston
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034363/1

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Page #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Jain Prarthanas Written in Devanagari with Transliteration and Translation Jain Center of Greater Boston Mahavira Samvat 2529 March-2019 Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Published by: The Jain Center of Greater Boston (JCGB) 15 Cedar Street Norwood, MA (781) 762-9490 Printed at: Kreate & Print, Norwood, MA Mahavira Samvat 2529 March-2019 Request Please do not make copies of this booklet for distribution. Your pathashala students deserve the original copy with an accompanying audiotape. Please call us to order your copies. 7 8 Ashta Dravyas for Dev Shashtra Guru Puja 4 Offering Plate Ashta Dravyas for Pushpa / and Cup Offering Naivadya / Saffron Coconut Rice Chandan / Akshat/ Saffron | Rice Water water Deep / Coconut with Saffron Dhoop/ Incense Powder Fal/ Dry Fruits 9 Argha - Mix of all Dravyas Astha Prakari Puja 45 Set Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Dedicated to His Holiness Acharya Shrimad Vijaya Suryodaya Suriji and his disciple Pannyasa Shri Nandighosh Vijayji for their dedication to the pursuit and dissemination of the scientific aspects of Jainism. Table of Contents Page No. ................ 1 ............... ..... ....... ............. ........... .......... A LU............ ............ Item Transliteration Guide.............. Preface Prarthana No. 1 Navakara Mahamantra.... Prarthana No. 2 Chattari Mangalam ....... Prarthana No. 3 Arhanto Bhagavanta ............ Prarthana No. 4 Darsanam Deva Devasya... Prarthana No. 5 Mangalam Bhagavana Viro.. Prarthana No. 6 Virah Sarva. Prarthana No. 7 Tubhyam Namastri ............... Prarthana No. 8 Sri Sramana Sanghasya.. Prarthana No. 9 Sivamastu. Prarthana No. 10 Upasarga ............... Prarthana No. 11 Sarva Mangala ............. Prarthana No. 12 Avyo Sarane........... Prarthana No. 13 Khamemi Savvajive............. Prarthana No. 14 Sarasvati Mahamantra. Prarthana No. 15 Darsanapatha......... Prarthana No. 16 Panchaparamesthi Ki Arati.... Prarthana No. 17 Arati. Prarthana No. 18 Arati and Mangala Divo.. Prarthana No. 19 Sruta Siddhanta Stuti Name and Symbols of 24 Tirthankaras...... Sutra No. 1 Khamasamana Sutra... Sutra No. 2 Panchindiya Sutra ........... Sutra No. 3 Logassa Sutra....................... Sutra No. 4 Guru Vandana Sutra...... Sutra No. 5 Ichchhakara Sutra ........ Sutra No. 6 Uvasaggaharam Sutra. Acknowledgement..... ...... .............. .............. .............. ............... Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Transliteration Guide Consonants Guide Vowel Guide (with consonant ","ka") Nagari English English Letter Vowels Hindi Word word Nagari cononants with Vowels (vowels) a ___ ago ahiMsA kA A AtmA ca || .. | hot -. | tv -.|air - bit itihAsa police | Isavara feel bull | utsava rule Una sh(s) boost 5 crate | kRpAla pen eka fine jaina boat | osaDa ksh(ks) jn Anunasika (Nasal) Sounds Nagari | English | Nagari English Letter Alphabet Words Equal paMkaja pankaj kaMcana | kanchan paMDita / pandit vaMdana / vandan digaMbara | digambar under Nasal sound au ounce wr bdr r or au kaM am | mantra | maMdira kaH / aH | ah Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Preface On the occasion of the Pratishta Mahotsava in Boston, Massachusetts, in Vira Samvata 2528 (2002 AD), the Jain Center of Greater Boston (JCGB) Pathasala published the first edition of this booklet of popular Jain Pathasalasa. JCGB Pathasala students sing many of these Pathasalasa before each session of Pathasala. These Pathasalasa, when sung in unison by youth and adults together, generate a unique feeling of spirituality. we have also produced an audiotape accompanying this booklet. In addition to providing the Sanskrit, Praksta, and Hindi Pathasalasa in the original Devanagari script, we have also presented the corresponding transliterations and translations. We assume that most of the first generation of immigrants are familiar with the Devanagari script. Therefore, they should be able to read the Pathasalasa in Devanagari, and should also be able to recite these prayers with correct pronunciations to their children. Having listened to these prayers from their teachers and parents, and having a reasonalbe understanding of the English versions written using diacritical marks, children should be able to recite these Prarthanasa with correct pronunciations. We have presented a guide to the diacritical marks on the previous page. We believe that it is important to maintain the correct pronunciations of the original languages. Without diacritical marks, a word Pandava can be pronounced in seventeen different ways. However, it is important to study the transliteration code before attempting to read transliteration. As English sounds do not exactly correspond with the sounds of Indian languages, Enlish characters often have to be modified by special marks to convey the original sounds, we call these special marks "diacritics." The transliteration tables that we have prepared will make the learning of this system easy. The illustrated guide is used by all academia, except for few minor changes that recently have become more common in every day usage. The transliteration tables on the previous page are self-explanatory. we wish to emphasize the importance of preserving the original Sanskrit and Praksta texts. The true expression of our religious texts can only be achieved by preserving the original languages in which they were composed. One can easily see how meaning is lost in attempts to translate Sanskrit words such as "dharma," "karma," and "Moksha" into English. In this case, the simple English equivalents of "religion," "action," and "liberation" do not even come close to expressing the deep spiritual significance of the original Sanskrit or Prakrta words. Therefore, if we abandon our original vocabulary, we also abondon the ideas that our vocabulary was created to express. Proper application of diacritical marks remains a diificult issue especially for unclear nasal sounds. We have used the Pratikramana Sutara book by Muni Shri Nirvana Sagara as the reference for our booklet. We have taken care to avoid mistakes in transliteration and spellings in the Devanagari script. For any mistakes in this booklet, please accept our sincere Michchhami Dukkadam, we encourage your comments and suggestions. Acknowledgement We want to thank Darshana Shah and Mukesh Doshi for editing this book and providing valuable suggestions. Our special thanks to Premal and Kashmira Vora of Kreate & Print for their assistance in printing and graphic design. Compiled by Pankaj, Shrenik and Shardule Shah (508)-660-1053 249 Hillside Ave., Needham, MA 02081 1. Pankaj Shah is a Pathshala teacher of the Jain Center of Greater Boston. Shrenik and Shardule are his sons who have learned how to read and write Hindi and / or Gujarati. For years they both have been a constant source of help in the Pathshala program. wesente WWWWWWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM m ente Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1. Navakara Mahamantra 1. Navakara Mahamantra Namo Arihantanam I bow to the perfect souls (because Arihantas have achieved absolute truth and devote themselves to the uplifting of life on earth). I bow to the liberated souls (because Siddhas possess infinite perception, knowledge, and bliss). 1. navakAra mahAmaMtra namo arihaMtANaM / namo siddhANaM / namo AyariyANaM / namo uvajjhAyANaM / namo loe savva-sAhUNaM / eso pNc-nmukkaaro| savva-pAva-ppaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesiM / paDhamaM havai maMgalaM // 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Namo Siddhanam Namo Ayariyanam Nama Uvajjhayanam Namo Loe Savva-Sahunam Eso Pancha-Namukkaro Savva-Pava-Ppanasana Mangalanam Cha Savvesim Padhamam Havai Mangalam I bow to the heads of the religious order (because they have mastered the scriptures and principles of religion). I bow to the preceptors of the scriptures (because they devote their life to teaching). I bow to the all Sadhus and Sadhvis (because they devote their lives to the selfless pursuit of enlightment for all). This fivefold neverence destroys all sins. It is the first and foremost armongst all auspiciousness. Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 2. maMgalottama zaraNa pATha 2. Mangalottama Sarana Patha | 2. Mangalottama Sarana Patha | cattAri maMgalaM Chattari Mangalam There are four auspicious entities in the universe. arihaMtA maMgalaM Arihanta Mangalam Arihantas are auspicious. siddhA maMgalaM Siddha Mangalam Siddhas are auspicious. Sadhus and Sadhvis are auspicious. Sahu Mangalam sAhU maMgalaM The religion explained by the kevali paNNatto-dhammo maMgalaM / Kevali Pannatto-Dhammo Mangalam. omniscients is auspicious. cattAri loguttamA Chattari Loguttama There are four supreme entities arihaMtA loguttamA Arihanta Loguttama in the universe. siddhA loguttamA Siddha Loguttama Arihantas are supreme. Sahu Loguttama Siddhas are supreme. sAhU loguttamA Sadhus and Sadhvis are supreme. kevali paNNatto-dhammo loguttmo| | Kevali Pannatto-Dhammo Loguttami . The religion preached by the omniscients is supreme. Chattari Saranam Pavajjami cattAri saraNaM pavajjAmi arihaMte saraNaM pavajjAmi Arihante Saranam Pavajjami I take refuge in the four supreme entities. siddhe saraNaM pavajjAmi Siddhe Saranam Pavajjami I take refuge in Arihantas. Sahu Saranam Pavajjami sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi I take refuge in Siddhas. I take refuge in Sadhus. kevali paNNattaM-dhamma Kevali Pannattam-Dhammam I take refuge in the religion. saraNaM pavajjAmi / Saranam Pavajjami. explained by the omniscients. Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 3. Arhanto Arhanto Bhagavanta Indramahitah Siddhascha Siddhisthita, Acharya Jina Sasana-Nnatikarah Pujya Upadhyayaka.. Sri Siddhantasupathaka Munivara Ratnatrayaradhakah Panchai Te Paramesthinah Pratidinam Kurvantu VoMangalam .. 3. Arhanto | The omnischients (arihantas) who are wor- | shipped by heavenly gods; the liberated souls (siddha); the heads of the religious | order (Acharya) who reinforce the fourfold order established by the Jinas; the revered | | Upadhyayas, and the Sadhus, well versed in the scriptures and who are the followers of the three jewels (Samyak darshan, Jhana, and Charitra); may all these five auspicious entities bestow blessings on us everyday. MINIMIMIMMIN000000000000000000000000000000000000MMMMMMMONNNNNNNNNNNN 3. arhanto arhanto bhagavanta indramahitAH siddhAzca siddhisthitA, AcAryA jina zAsano-nnatikarAH pUjyA upAdhyAyakA // zrI siddhAntasupAThakA munivarA ratnatrayArAdhakAH paMca te parameSThinaH pratidinam kurvantu vo maMgalam // 4. darzanaM darzanaM devadevasya darzanaM pApanAzanam / darzanaM svargasopAnam darzanaM mokSasAdhanam // 5. maMgalaM maMgalaM bhagavAna vIro, maMgalaM gautamaprabhuH / maMgalaM sthUlibhadrAdyA, maMgalaM kuMdakuMdAdyA, jainadharmA'stu maMgalam // 4. Darsanam Darsanam Devadevasya Darsanam Papanasanam . Darsanam Svargasopanam Darsanam Moksasadhanam .. 4. Darsanam The sight of the Pratimaji (idol) of the Lord, the god of all heavenly devas, is the destoyer of all sins. It is a step towards the heavens and is a means of liberating of the soul. 5. Mangalam Mangalam Bhagavana Viro, Mangalam Gautamaprabhuh. Mangalam Sthulibhadradya, Mangalam Kundakundadya, Jainadharma'stu Mangalam .. 5. Mangalam Bhagavana Mahavira is auspicious; Guru Gautama Svami is auspicious; Sthulibhadra and Kundakunda Svami and other Sadhus are auspicious; Jain Dharma is auspicious. Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 6. vIraH sarva vIraH sarva-surAsurendra-mahito, vIraM budhAH saMzritAH vIreNAbhihataH svakarma-nicayo, vIrAya nityaM namaH / vIrAttIrthamidaM pravRttamatulaM vIrasya ghoraM tapo; vIre zrI - dhRti - kIrti - kAnti-nicayaH zrI vIra ! bhadraM diza // 7. tubhyaM namastri tubhyaM namastribhuvanArtiharAya nAtha ! tubhyaM namaH kSititalAmalabhUSaNAya ! tubhyaM namastrijagataH paramezvarAya ! tubhyaM namo jina ! bhavodadhizoSaNAya ! 6. Virah Sarva Virah Sarva-Surasurendra-Mahito, Viram Budhah Samsritah Virenabhihatah Svakarma-Nichayo, Viraya Nityam Namah. Virattirthamidam Pravrttamatulam Virasya Ghoram Tapa; Vire Sri-Dhrti-Kirti-Kanti-Nichayah Sri Vira! Bhadram Disa 7. Tubhyam Namastri Tubhyam Namastribhuvanartiharaya Natha ! Tubhyam Namah Ksititalamalabhusanaya! Tubhyam Namastrijagatah Paramesvaraya ! Tubhyam Nama Jina ! Bhavadadhisosanaya ! 6. Virah Sarva Lord Mahavira is worshipped by all heavenly gods as well as by demons; the learned take refuge in Mahavira; he has destroyed all his karmas. I always bow to Mahavira. He has established this unparalleled Tirtha; Mahavira's austerities were intense; enlightenment, patience, glory, and grace are embodied in Mahavira; Oh, Vira, show me the path to attain bliss. 7. Tubhyam Namastri Lord, I bow to you, the eradicator of misery of the three words, bow to you, the adorable ornament on the face of the earth, bow to you, the Lord of the worlds, omniscient Lord; I bow to you, who dries up the ocian of wordly life cycles. Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 8. zrI zramaNa saMghasya zrI zramaNa saMghasya zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI janapadAnAm zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI rAjAdhipAnAm zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI rAjasannivezAnAm zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI goSThikAnAm zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI pauramukhyANAm zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI paurajanasya zAMtirbhavatu ! zrI brahmalokasya zAMtirbhavatu ! ___8. Sri Sramana Saighasya Sri Sramana Sanghasya santirbhavatu! Sri Janapadanam Santirbhavatu! Sri Rajadhipanam Santirbhavatu! Sri Rajasannivesanam santirbhavatu! Sri Gosthikanam Santirbhavatu ! Sri Pauramukhyanam Santirbhavatu! Sri Paurajanasya santirbhavatu! Sri Brahmalukasya santirbhavatu ! | 8. Sri Sramana Sanghasya Let there be peace in the Jain Sangh. Let there be peace amongst all nations. Let there be peace amongst all rulers. Let there be peace where all rulers live. Let there be peace amongst leaders of religions. Let there be peace amongst leaders of citizens. Let there be peace amongst all citizens. Let there be peace throughout the universe. 9. Siva mastu Sivamastu Sarva-Jagatah, Parahita-Nirata Bhavantu Bhutaganah . Dasah Prayantu Nasam, Sarvatra Sukhi-Bhavantu Lokah .. 9. Sivamastu May the entire universe attain bliss. May all beings be oriented towords the well | being of others. Let all faults be eliminated, and may people everywhere be happy. 9.zivamastu zivamastu sarva-jagataH, parahita-niratA bhavantu bhUtagaNAH / doSAH prayAntu nAzaM, sarvatra sukhI-bhavantu lokAH // 10. upasargAH upasargAH kSaya yAnti chidyante vighnavallayaH / manaH prasannatAmeti pUjyamAne jinezvare // 10. Upasargah Upasargah Ksaya Yanti Chhidyante Vighnavallayah. Manah Prasannatameti Pujyamane Jinesvare .. 11. Sarvamangala Sarva Mangala Mangalyam Sarva Kalyana Karanam. Pradhanam Sarva Dharmanam Jainam Jayati Sasanam .. 10. Upasargah May all troubles disintegrate, May the shackles of obstacles break. The mind achieves a blissful state whenever and wherever the Lord Jineshvars are worshipped. 11. sarvamaMgala sarva maMgala mAMgalyam sarva kalyANa kAraNam / pradhAnaM sarva dharmANAm jaina jayati zAsanam // 11. Sarvamangala The holiest of all holy things, The cause of all bliss. The foremost of all religious. The path shown by Tirthankaras is supreme. Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 12. Avyo zaraNe Avyo zaraNe tamArA! jinavara karajo Aza pUrI amArI, nAvyo bhavapAra mAro tuma viNa jagamAM sAra le koNa mArI? gAyo jinarAja ! Aje harakha adhikathI parama AnaMdakArI, pAyo tuma darza nAse bhava-bhaya-bhramaNA nAtha ! sarve amaarii| 12. Avyo Sarane Avyo Sarane Tamara ! Jinavara Karaja Asa Puri Amari, Navyo Bhavapara Maro Tuma Vina Jagamam Sara Le Kona Mari? Gayo Jinaraja! Aje Harakha Adhikathi Parama Anandakari, Payo Tuma Darsa Nase Bhava-Bhaya-Bhramana Natha ! Sarve Amari. 12. Avyo Sarane Oh Lord, I have taken refuge in you ! Fulfill my desire (of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct). In this world of misery, who else can I depend on for my salvation ? Singing your songs of infinite virtues gives me bliss. Worshipping your path eliminates my infinite cycles of birth and death. 13. khAmemi khAmemi savvajIve savve jIvA khamaMtu me mittI me savva bhUesu veraM majjha na keNai // 13. Khamemi Khamemi Savvajive Savve Jiva Khamantu Me Mitti Me Savva Bhuesu Veram Majjha Na Kenai .. 13. Khamemi Savvajiva I forgive all souls, May all souls forgive me. I am on friendly terms with all, I have no animosity towords any other soul. 14. zrI sarasvatI maMtra OM arhan mukhakamala vAsini pApAtma kSayaM kari zrutajJAna jvAlA sahastra prajvalite sarasvati matpApaM hana hana daha dahakSA kSIM dUM kSauM kSaH kSIra vara dhavale amRta saMbhave vaM vaM hUM hUM svAhA / 14. Sri Sarasvati Mantra OM Arhan Mukhakamala Vasini Papatma Ksayam Kari Srutajnana Jvala Sahastra Prajvalite Sarasvati Matpapam Hana Hana Daha DahaKsan Ksin Ksun Ksaum Ksah Ksira Vara Dhavale Amrta Sambhave Vam Vam Hum Hum Svaha. 14. Sarasvati Mantra General Meaning : (This is a prayer to the goddess of knowledge: Sarasvati.) Oh Goddess Sarasvati, the speech of Arihants is your abode. Your face is illuminated by thousands of flames of Shruta-Jnana. If your prayer is recited by faith, the devotee will be blessed with divine knowledge, power, happiness, eloquence, wisdom, and fame as explained in the following mantras. Ksam - seed of power for protection and happiness Ksim - seed of psychic power and goodness. Ksum - seed of power to remove sadness and depression. Ksaum - seed of power to achieve purity and divine contact Ksah - seed of will power and acceptance. Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 15. darzanapATha prabhu patitapAvana maiM apAvana, caraNa Ayo zaraNa jI / yoM virada Apa nihAra svAmI, bheTa jAmana marana jI / tuma nA pichAnyA Ana mAnyA, deva vividha prakAra jii| yA buddhisetI nija na jAnyo, bhrama ginyo hitakAra jI // 1 // bhava vikaTa vana meM karama bairI, jJAnadhana merI harayo / taba iSTa bhUlyo bhraSTa hoya, aniSTa gati dharato phirayo / dhana ghar3I yo dhana vivasa yo hI, dhanya janama mero bhayo / aba bhAga mero udaya Ayo, daraza prabhuko lakha layo // 2 // chabi vItarAgI nagana mudrA, dRSTi nAsAthai dhare / vasu prAtihArya ananta guNa juta, koTi ravi chabi ko hare / miTa gayo timira mithyAtva mero, uvaya ravi Atama bhayo / mo urapa haraSa aiso bhayo, manu raMka ciMtAmaNi layo // 3 // meM hAtha jor3a navAU~ mastaka, binaU~ tuma carana jI / sarvotkRSTa trilokapati jina, sunahu tArana tarana jii| jAcUM nahI suravAsa puni, nararAja parijana sAtha jii| 'budha' jAcUM tuva bhakti bhava bhava, dIjIye zivanAthajI // 4 // 15. Darsanapatha Prabhu Patitapavana Maim Apavana, Charana Ayo Sarana Ji. Yom Virada Apa Nihara Svami, Bheta Jamana Marana Ji. Tuma Na Pichhanya Ana Manya, Deva Vividha Prakara Ji. Ya Buddhiseti Nija Na Janyo, Bhrama Ginyo Hitakara Ji (1) Bhava Vikata Vana Mem Karama Bairi, Jnanadhana Meri Harayo. Taba Ista Bhulyo Bhrasta Hoya, Anista Gati Dharato Phirayo. Dhana Ghadi Ya Dhana Vivasa Yo Hi, Dhanya Janama Mero Bhayo. Aba Bhaga Mero Udaya Ayo, Darasa Prabhuko Lakha Layo (2) Chhabi Vitaragi Nagana Mudra, Drsti Nasapai Dhare. Vasu Pratiharya Ananta Guna Juta, Koti Ravi Chhabi Ko Hare. Mita Gayo Timira Mithyatva Mero, Uvaya Ravi Atama Bhayo. Mo Urapa Harasa Aiso Bhayo, Manu Ranka Chintamani Layo (3) Mem Hatha Joda Navaum Mastaka, Bina um Tuma Charana Ji. Sarvotkrsta Trilokapati Jina, Sunahu Tarana Tarana Ji. Jachum Nahi Suravasa Puni, Nararaja Parijana Satha Ji. 'Budha' Jachum Tuva Bhakti Bhava Bhava, Dijiye Sivanathaji (4) 15. Darsanapa Darshan Path is usually sung while performing the darshan of Bhagavana. In general a person looks back on all the false beliefs he/she was following blindly and on all of his/her accumulating karmas. Now having realized the right path, the person prays for forgiveness and guidance from Bhagavana. The following is the meaning of the prayer. O Lord ! I pray to you to gather the strengh, the knowledge, and the energy to shed my karmas and help me get rid of this cycle of birth and death. O Lord ! all this time, I have been ignorant by not recognizing your virtues and I worshipped other gods. Ignorantly, I always thought what little knowledge ! had was sufficient. (1) This sensual and materialistic world has put a vell over my true perceptions. Because of this lack of knowledge. I have forgotten my true self, and I am wandering in this painful cycle of many births and deaths. This moment is blissful this day is blissful and so is my birth, because I feel forunate enough to be one with you. (2) O Lord ! You have rid yourself of all worldly attachments; your eyes are focused in meditative posture; your body is in its purest form, where it is covered by nothing but the four directions, you are adorned by eight Pratiharyas. You have an infinite amount of good qualities contained wihtin you. Even the brightness of millions of sun is not comparable to your radiant face. O Lord ! just by your mere glimpse, my dark cloud of frisehood has vanished and the brightness of right knowledge has appeared. I have never felt so blissful before; I am but a beggar that has acquired an invaluable jewel. (3) O Lord! I bow to you because you are the greatest. I bow to you as the supreme lord of the three worlds. You have stopped the cycle of the birth and death forever, and you are the one who has given me the right knowledge to do the same. O Lord! I do not ask for heavenly abode, kingdom or family, nor do I ask for any worldly pleasures. The poet 'Budhjan' and I pray to become your devotee in all future lives until I get liberated. (4) Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 16. paMcaparameSThI kI AratI iha vidhi maMgala AratI kIje, paMca parama pada bhaja sukha lIje // Teka // | 16. Panchaparamesthi Ki Arati | 16. Panchaparamesthi Ki Arati Iha Vidhi Mangala Arati Kije, Eh-Vidhi Mangal Arati is the Arati of the Panchh Paramesthi the Arihanta, the Siddha, the Acharya, Pancha Parama Pada Bhaja Sukha Lije .. Teka . the Upadhyaya, and the Sadhu. It also eulogizes the eleven Pratima Dharis and the Jinavani. The Pratima Pahali Arati Sri Jinaraja, Dharis are those who have taken eleven special vows on the path to become a Sadhu. The Jinavani are the Bhavadadhi-Para-Utara-Jihaja (Ih.lije) Jain Scriptures. pahalI AratI zrI jinarAjA, bhavadadhi-pAra-utAra-jihAjA // iha. // dUsari AratI siddhana kerI, sumarana karata miTe bhava-pherI // iha. // This Mangal Arati explains that when we bow down to Dusari Arati Siddhana Keri, these five Paramesthis, we gain ultimate happiness. (1) Sumarana Karata Mite Bhava-Pheri (Ih.lije) In the first Arati, we pay our respects to the Arihantas, who will help us cross the ocean of life cycles. Tiji Arati Sura Muninda, In the second Arati, we pay our respects to the SidJanma-Marana-Dukha Dura Karimva (Ih.lije) | dhas; simply thinking about then will help us to break the cycle of wordly life and death. (3) tIjI AratI sUra muniMdA, janma-marana-dukha dUra karivA // iha. // cauthI AratI zrI uvajhAyA, darzana dekhata pApa palAyA // iha. // Chauthi Arati Sri Uvajhaya, Darsana Dekhata Papa Palaya (Ih.lije) In the third Arati we pay our respects to the Acharyas, the leaders of Jain Sangh, who will help us remove all the pains related to life cycles. (4) pAMcavi AratI sAdhu tihArI Panchavi Arati Sadhu Tihari kumati vinAzana ziva-adhikArI // iha. // | Kumati Vinasana Siva-Adhikari (Ih.lije) In the furth Arati we pay our respects to the Upadhyayas: seeing their faith and knowledge will help remove bad Karmas. (5) chaTThI gyAraha pratimAdhArI, zrAvaka baMdo AnaMda kArI // iha. // Chhatthi Gyaraha Pratimadhari, Sravaka Bando Ananda Kari (Ih.lije) In the firth Arati, we pay our respects to Sadhus and Sadhvis, who help us to destroy false knowledge and show us the path to moksha. (6) In the sixth Arati, we pay our respects to those Sravakas who follow the eleven Pratimas; when we bow to them, we experience happiness. (7) sAtami AratI zrI jinavAnI, iha. // 'dyAnata' suraga-mukati-sukhadAnI // iha. // Satami Arati Sri Jinavani, | 'Dyanata' Suraga-Mukati-Sukhadani (Ih.lije) In the seventh Arati, we pay our respects to Jinavani, the Scriptures, which lead us to the right path of the ultimate goal of liberation. (8) Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ / 17. Sri Adijina Arati 17. Arati 17. zrI Adijina AratI jaya jaya AratI Adi jiNaMdA, nAbhirAyA marudevIko naMdA... jaya. 1 Jaya Jaya Arati Adi Jinanda, Nabhiraya Marudeviko Nanda... Jaya. 1 With this Arati, I pray to Lord Adinatha, beloved son of king Nabhiraya and queen Marudevi, who is supreme. pahelI AratI pUjA kIje, narabhava pAmIne lahAvo lIje... jaya. 2 Paheli Arati Puja Kije, Narabhava Pamine Lahavo Lije... Jaya. 2 With this first Arati puja, I am participating in this auspicious activity in this human life. dusarI AratI dIna dayAlA, Dusari Arati Dina Dayala, dhalevA maMDapamAM jaga ajavAlA... jaya.3 | Dhuleva Mandapamam Jaga Ajavala... Jaya. 3 With this second Arati puja, I pray to Lord Adinatha, who is merciful to all and whose | virtues enlighten the entire universe. tIsarI AratI tribhuvana devA, suranara indra kare torI sevA... jaya. 4 Tisari Arati Tribhuvana Deva, Suranara Indra Kare Tori Seva... Jaya.4 This third Arati puja is for Lord Adinatha, Lord of the universe, who is worshipped by | deities, humans, Indra, and demons alike. cauthI AratI caugatI cUre, manavAMchita phala zivasukha pUre... jaya. 5 Chauthi Arati Chaugati Chure, Manavanchhita Phala Sivasukha Pure... Jaya. 5 With this fourth Arati, I pray to Lord Adinatha | to help me eliminate wanderings in the four life forms, and to help me attain eternal happiness in Moksha. paMcamI AratI punya upAyA, mUlacaMde RSabha guNa gAyA... jaya.6 Panchami Arati Punya Upaya, Mulachande Rsabha Guna Gaya... Jaya. 6 With this fifth Arati puja, according to Mulchand (the poet), by praising the virtues of Lord Adinatha, the worshipper accumulates good karmas (punya). Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 18. Mangaladivo 18. maMgaladIvo dIvo re dIvo prabhu mAMgalika dIvo; AratI utArIna bahu ciraMjIvo... dI. 1 Diva Re Divo Prabhu Mangalika Divo; Arati Utarina Bahu Chiranjivo... Di.1 sohAmaNu ghera parva divAlI; aMbara khele amarA bAlI... dI. 2 Sohamanu Ghera Parva Divali; Ambara Khele Amara Bali... Di.2 dIpAla bhaNe eNe kula ajavAlI; bhAve bhagate vighana nivArI... dI. 3 Dipala Bhane Ene Kula Ajavali; Bhave Bhagate Vighana Nivari... Di. 3 dIpAla bhaNe eNe e kalikAle, AratI utArI rAjA kumArapAle... dI. 4 / Dipala Bhane Ene E Kalikale, Arati Utari Raja Kumarapale... Di. 4 ama ghera maMgalika tuma ghera maMgalika; / maMgalika caturvidha saMgha ne hojo... dI. 5 / Ama Ghera Mangalika Tuma Ghera Mangalika; Mangalika Chaturvidha Sangha Ne Hojo... Di.5 Meaning of Mangala Divo Oh Lord, on this auspicious occasion, we worship you with a lamp; may the performer of the Arati be blessed. Performing Arati is as blissful as the ccasion of Diwali at our houses, and as if heavenly nymphs are dancing around with joy. Devotees who perform Arati make their families proud and overcome obstacles. In this fifth Ara, King Kumarapala performed the Arati with deep devotion. Let there be bliss in our houses and in the entire community. (Oh Lord, on this auspicious occasion, we worship you with a lamp; may the performer of the Arati be blessed.) Symbol of 24 Thirthankaras-Svetamber Traditions pAva 3. nAmaparmanAmazati AgamaramasinAbArAvinA bhigAya pAlamA mAtra mahArabahanA Symbol of 24 Thirthankaras-Digamber Traditions A rilyA "" " " " Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 19. arhadvaktra-prasUtaM arhadvaktra-prasUtaM gaNadhara-racitaM dvAdazAGgaM vizAlaM; citraM bahvartha-yuktaM munigaNa vRSamairdhAritaM buddhimadbhiH 19. Arhadvaktra-Prasutam Arhadvaktra-Prasutam Ganadhara-Rachitam Dvadasangam Visalam; Chitram Bahvartham-Yuktam Munigana Vrsamairdharitam Buddhimadbhih mokSAgra-dvArabhUtaM vratacaraNa-phalaM jJeyabhAva pradIpa; bhaktyA nityaM prapadyezruta maha makhilaM sarva lokaika sAram Moksagra-Dvarabhutam Vratacharana-Phalam Jneyabhava Pradipam; Bhaktya Nityam PrapadyeSruta Maha Makhilam Sarva Lokaika Saram General Meaning : This is a prayer of the Dvadasangi (Agama Sutras) which were compiled by the first 11 Ganadharas (prime disciples) of Lord Mahavira. Emerged from the Desana (sermons) of the Arihants Composed by the Ganadharas, The Dvadasangi (Agama Sutras) is magnificent ! Such is this Dvadasangi, awe-inspiring and profound in meaning Those Acharyas with infinite mental capacity Carried it in their powerful memory. This is the ultimate gateway to Moksha. Its fruits are the austerity and perfected conduct, Like a lamp it illuminites all that is worth knowing, (spiritual knowledge). With Bhakti (devotion), everyday I revere This Dvadasangi, that is incomparable, As it holds, the essence of all principles, In the entire universe. The Eight Divine Accompaniments of a Tirthankara 230 prAlihI ANANCIA Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Names and Symbol of 24 Tirthankaras 24 tIrthaMkara 24 Tirthankara nAma lAMchana Name Symbol RSabhadeva baila Rsabhadeva Baila hAthI 2 Ajitanatha Hathi 3 Sambhavanatha Ghodo 4 Abhinandana Svami Bandara 5 Sumatinatha Kaunchapaksi 6 Padmaprabhasvami Kamala 7 Suparsvanatha Svastika caMdra 2 ajitanAtha saMbhavanAtha ghoDo 4 abhinaMdana svAmI baMdara 5 sumatinAtha kauJcapakSI 6 padmaprabhasvAmI kamala 7 supArzvanAtha svastika 8 caMdraprabhasvAmI 9 suvidhinAtha/puSpadaMtanAtha magaramaccha zItalanAtha zrIvatsa/kalpavRkSa 11 zreyAMsanAtha 12 vAsupUjyasvAmI 13 vimalanAtha varAha 14 anaMtanAtha bAja/sehI 15 dharmanAtha vajra 8 Chandraprabhasvami Chandra 9 Suvidhinatha/Puspadantanatha Magaramachchha | 10 Sitalanatha Srivatsa/Kalpavrksa geDA 11 Sreyamsanatha Geda pAr3A 12 Vasupujyasvami Pada 13 Vimalanatha Varaha 14 Anantanatha Baja/Sehi 15 Dharmanatha Vajra 16 zAMtinAtha hiraNa 16 Santinatha Hirana 17 kunthunAtha bakarA 17 Kunthunatha Bakara naMdAvarta/machalI 18 Aranatha Nandavarta/Machhali 19 Mallinatha Kumbha kumbha kachuA zaMkha 20 Munisuvratasvami 18 aranAtha 19 mallinAtha 20 munisuvratasvAmI 21 naminAtha 23 pArzvanAtha 24 mahAvIrasvAmI Kachhua 21 Naminatha Sankha sarpa 23 Parsvanatha Sarpa 24 Mahavirasvami Simha 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Sutra No. 1 Khamasamana Sutra 1. CHIHUT HET icchAmi khamA-samaNo ! vaMdiuM jAvaNijjAe nisIhiAe ? matthaeNa vaMdAmi 1. Khamasamana Sutra Ichchhami Khama-Samano ! Vandium Javanijjae Nisihiae ? Matthaena Vandami This sutra should be recited in front of a tirthankar idol or in front of a Jain guruji while kneeling down. This is the most frequently recited sutra in all rituals. If you are in a temple or in a upashraya, you should kneel down such that your knees and head touch the ground. If you are paying respect to a guru outside of the upashraya, you may simply bow your forehead. Meaning: Oh ! Forgiving Gurudev, I bow down to you, renouncing all my sinful activities according to the best of my ability. Sutra No. 2 Panchindiya Sutra 2.paMciMdiya sUtra paMciMdiya - saMvaraNo, TE 7a-fas-THER-JPERTI cauviha-kasAya-mukko, ia aTThArasa-guNehiM saMjutto -HE-24-TIT, ja-fagi-UR-YICU-HARTI JE HA31 fa-LTI, chattIsa-guNo guru majjha 2. Panchindiya Sutra Panchindiya - Samvarana, Taha Nava-Viha-Bambhachera-Guttidharo. Chauviha-Kasaya-Mukko, Ia Attharasa-Gunahim Sanjutto Pancha-Maha-Vvaya-Jutto, Pancha-Viha-Yara-Palana-Samattho. Pancha Samio Ti-Gutto, Chhattisa-Guno Guru Majjha Meaning : The preceptor effectively controls five sense organs and observes nine restrictions of celibacy. He/she is free form the four passions (anger, ego, deceit and greed). He/she thus possesses these eighteen attributes. He/she practices five great vows (non-violence, truth, non-stealing, celibacy and non-possession); he/she is capable of observing the five-fold codes of knowledge, perception, conduct, austerity, and vigor; he/she observes five kind of carefulness to minimize violence (pertaining to personal movements, speech, movement of items, acceptance of items of necessity, and disposal of waste); he/she effectively controls three aspects (of mind. speech and body) of the self. In all, my preceptor possesses these 36 attributes. Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 8. logassa sU logassa ujjoa-gare, dhamma- tittha-yare jiNe, arihaMte kittaissaM, cauvvIsaM pi kevalI // 1 // Sutra No. 8 Logassa Sutra usabhamajiaM ca vaMde, saMbhava-mabhiNaMdaNaM ca sumaI ca, paThama-ppahaM supAsaM, jiNaM ca caMdra-pyahaM vaMde // 2 // suvihi ca puppha-daMtaM, sIala sijjaMsa vAsu pujjaM ca, vimalamaNataM ca jiNaM, dhammaM saMtiM ca vaMdAmi // 3 // - kuMthuM araM ca malli, vaMde muNi suvvayaM nami-jiNaM ca, vaMdAmi riTTha-nemiM pAsaM taha vadmANaM ca // 4 // evaM mae abhithuA, viyaraya malA pahINa jara maraNA, cau-vIsa pi jiNavarA, tittha - yarA me pasIyaMtu // 5 // kittiya vaMdiya mahiyA, je e logassa uttamA siddhA, Arugga-bohi-lAbha, samAhi- varamuttamaM diMtu // 6 // - - caMdesu nimmala yarA, Aicyesu ahiyaM payAsa yarA, sAgara-vara gaMbhIrA, siddhA siddhiM mama disaMtu // 7 // 8. Logassa Sutra Ligassa Ujjna Gare. Dhamma-Tittha-Yare Jine, Arihante Kittaissam, Chauvvisam Pi Kevali..1.. Usabhamajiam Cha Vande, Sambhava-Mabhinandanam Cha Sumaim Cha, Pauma-Ppaham Supasam, Jinam Cha Chanda - Ppaham Vande ..2.. Suvihi Cha Puppha-Dantam, Siala-Sijjamsa-Vasu-Pujjam Cha, Vimalamanantam Cha Jinam, Dhammam Santim Cha Vandami..3.. Kunthum Aram Cha Malli, Vande Muni-Suvvayam Nami-Jinam Cha, Vandami Rittha-Nemim, Pasam Taha Vadmanam Cha..4.. Evam Mae Abhithua, Vihuya-Raya-Mala Pahina-Jara-Marana, Chau-Visam Pi Jinavara, Tittha-Yara Me Pasiyantu ..5.. Kittiya-Vandiya-Mahiya, Je E Logassa Uttama Siddha, arugga-Bohi-Labham. Samahi-Varamuttamam Dintu ..6.. Chandesu Nimmala-Yara, Aichchesu Ahiyam Payasa-Yara, Sagara-Vara-Gambhira, Siddha Siddhim Mama Disantu ..7.. Meaning: Oh, Arihants! You enlighten the entire universe with divine light. You are the founder of the religious orders of the Jain Sangh and the conqueror of inner enemies. I worship all the twenty-four omniscient Arihantas. (1) I bow to adinatha (Rsabhadeva), Ajitanatha, Sambhavanatha, Abhinandanasvami, Sumatinatha, Padmaprabhu, Suparsvanatha, and Chandraprabhu. (2) I bow to Suvidhinatha or Pushpadanta, Sitalanatha, Sreyamsanatha, Vasupujyasvami, Vimalanatha, Anantanatha. Dharmanatha, Santinatha. (3) I bow to Kunthunatha, Arhannatha, Mallinatha, Munisuvratasvami, and Naminatha. I bow to Arisht - Neminatha Parsvanatha, and Mahavirasvami (Vardhamana). (4) I amd praising these twenty-four Arihants who have destroyed all karma and have ended the cycle of birth and death. These twenty-four Tirthankars, bless upon me. (5) Oh, Arihants ! You are praised, bowed to, and worshipped. You are the purest souls in the universe. Bless me with health, right knowledge, and the highest state of consciousness. Also, bless me with equaninity at the time of my death. (6) You are purer than the moon and more luminous than the sun. You are more serene than the oceans. Oh, Arihants, bestow upon me salvation. (7) Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Sutra No. 13 Guru Vandana Sutra 4.guru vaMdana sUtra 4. Guru Vandana Sutra tikkhuto AyAhiNaM, payAhiNaM vaMdAmi Tikkhuto ayahinam, Payahinam Vandami namaMsAmi sakkAremi, sammANemi kallANaM Namamsami Sakkaremi, Sammanemi Kallanam maMgalaM devayaM, ceiyaM pajjusAmi, Mangalam Devayam, Cheiyam Pajjusami, matthaeNa vaMdAmi Matthaena Vandami Meaning : (Oh, Forgiving Gurudev) With folded hands I bow down to you. I pay my salutations and respect. I honor you. You are holy and benevolent. You are divine. You are the embodiment of knowledge. I bow to you. Sutra No. 5 Ichchhakara Sutra 5.icchakAra sUtra icchakAra suha-rAi ? suha-devasi ? sukha-tapa? zarIra-nirAbAdha? sukha-saMjama-yAtrA-nirvahate ho jI ? svAmi ! zAtA hai jI? AhAra - pANI kA lAbha denA jI 5. Ichchhakara Sutra Ichchhakara Suha-Rai? Suha-Devasi ? Sukha-Tapa ? Sarira-Nirabadha ? Sukha-Sanjama-Yatra-Nirvahate Ho Ji ? Svami! Sata Hai Ji ? Ahara - Pani Ka Labha Dena Ji Meaning : Oh! Forgiving Gurudev, I very kindly wish to know if you were comfortable during your austerities, and we hope for your well being. We would like to know if there is anything that we could do to make your journey to ascetic life and samyag Charitra more comfortable. Please oblige me by serving your daily needs of food and water. Procession in Honor of Sutra (scriptures) and Acharya sUprajJAna 60 saharathayAtrA POS NEPALI MASTERN bajaTa KARNE Instruments of Indian Classical Music Huntain HISHRP1911.11 Seven Nots of Indian Classical Music by Raildrenwic-AAR Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Sutra No. 12 Uvassagga Haram 12. Uvasagga Haram Uvasagga Haram Pasam, Pasam Vandami Kamma Ghana Mukkam Visa-Hara-Visa Ninnasam, Mangala-Kallana-Avasam Visa-Hara Phulinga Mantam, Kanthe Dharei Jo Saya Manuo Tassa Gaha-Roga-Mari, Duttha-Jara Janti Uvasamam 12. uvasagga haraM uvasagga haraM pAsa, pAsaM vaMdAmi kamma ghaNa mukkaM visa-hara-visa ninnAsaM, maMgala-kallANa-AvAsaM visa-hara phuliMga maMtaM, kaMThe dhArei jo sayA maNuo tassa gaha-roga-mArI, duTTha-jarA jaMti uvasAmaM ciTThau dUre maMto, tujjha paNAmo vi bahu phalo hoi nara tiri-esu vi jIvA pAvaMti na dukkha-dogacca tuha sammatte laddhe, ciMtA-maNi-kappa-pAyava mahie pAvaMti aviggheNaM, jIvA ayarAmaraM ThANaM ia saMthuo mahA-yasa! bhatti-bhara-nibbhareNa hiyaeNa tA deva ! dijja bohiM, bhave bhaye pAsa jiNacaMda! Citthau Dure Manto, Tujjha Panama Vi Bahu Phalu Hoi Nara Tiri-esu Vi Jiva Pavanti Na Dukkha-Dogachcham Tuha Sammatte Laddhe, Chinta-Mani-Kappa-Payava Bbhahie Pavanti Avigghenam, Jiva Ayaramaram Thanam la Santhuo Maha-Yasa ! Bhatti-Bbhara-Nibbharena Hiyaena Ta Deva! Dijja Bohim, Bhave Bhaye Pasa Jinachanda ! General Meaning I bow to Lord Parsva Natha, who is attended by Parsva Yaksha (deity) who eliminates disturbances in the universe and destroys the snake's and cobra's poison. Lord Parsva Natha is an abode of auspiciousness and prosperity. The person, who always remembers the hymn of "visahara Phulinga' (name of a mantra), will be rid of his misfortunes, fatal diseases, epidemics, and deadly fevers. Even an obeisance offered to you will result in many good things. Because of your prayers, human beings and animals will not suffer from sickness and poverty. Upon attaining right faith (as preached by you), which is more valuable than the most precious heavenly jewels, the living beings easily attain the place of immortality. Oh greatly renowned (Lord Parsvanatha), I have eulogized you with a heart full of devotion. Bestow upon me the seeds of attaining perfect knowledge in all my future births. Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ References and Acknowledgement We do not claim any originality in this booklet. All we have done is compile a collection of prarathanas and sutras that are easy for the youth to read and understand. We know that there may be many inconsistencies in the meaning and transliterations of the prarthanas and sutras in this booklet, and for that we wish to express our sincere apologis and Michchha Mi Dukkadam. We have used the transliteration guide adopted in the booklet "Pratikramana Sutra" by Muni Shri Nirvan Sagar, published by the Shri Arunoday Foundation in Koba, Gujarat. This book is an excellent source of Sutras and Prarthanas that are presented in three different ways, in Devanagari, with transliterations, and with translations, In our opinion, this book is a must-have book for all pathashala teachers Jain Darshan in English. The graphics presented in this booklet have been directly taken from the monumental work, "Tirthankar Bhagwan Mahavira - Illustrated" by Acharya Shri Yashodev Suriji. We want to acknowledge the efforts of Dilip Gandhi (Vadodara, India) in helping to prepare many of the transliterations. Our special thanks to Bhanubhen Trivedi and Jitendra Trivedi for proofeading the manuscript. In addition, we would like to thank Premal and Kashmira Vora of Kreate and Print (Norwood, MA) for assisting with the printing of this booklet and with the graphic design. References : 1. "Pratikramana Sutra" by Muni Shri Nirvan Sagar, published by the Shri Arunoday Foundation in Koba, Gujarat. 2. "Shri Panch Pratikramana Sarth", Publshed by Shri Jain Shreyaskar Mandal Mehasana, Gujarat. 3. "Pratikramana in Enlish", compiled by Harendra Shah, Jain Center of Northen California. 4. "Tirthankar Bhagwan Mahavira - Illustrated", by Acharya Shri Yashodev Suriji. Different Forms of Life pAMcasthAvaro kendriya ya ce nTri ya - sijIyo, vi ndiya ka le trIndriya vidra ya caturindriya, | ti jalacara ca paM sthalacara manaSyanAraka IN | Eight Types of Obisance ASS mo paNamAmi paNivayAmi . uyaName / marwkamakkArakAvikabhakyAra AvilayanamaskAra saraNa AtmasamarpaNa namaskAra miSTa namaskAra namI thAsAmi mAnasika namaskAra yAtika samasyA namasaNayaM ter UT samarpaNa jAsaAmayANakya namaka Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Shri Guru Gautam Swami (Goddess of Knowledge, Saraswati Devi, in the background ) *jinapatiprathitAkhilavAGmayI gaNadharAnanamaMDapa nartakI / ' gurumukhAmbujakhelanahaMsikA vijayate jagati bhuvadevatAH // C Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ IIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 62 IIIa il III IIIIIIIIIIIII jaya jinendra / ahiMsA paramo dharmaH / parasparopagraho jIvAnAm / WIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Jay Jinendra Ahimsa Paramo Dharmah Parasparopagraho Jivanam Victory to Those Who Have Conquered Their Inner Enemies Non-violence is the supreme religion The living beings are under obligation to one another IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Jain Center of Greater Boston Mahavira Samvat 2529 March-2019 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII