Jain Paramparanu Apbhramsa Sahitya ma Pradan

Author(s): H C Bhayani
Publisher: Z_Vijay_Vallabh_suri_Smarak_Granth_012060.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210802/1

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jaina paraMparAnuM apabhraMza sAhityamAM pradAna prA. harivallabha cu. bhAyANI, ema. e., pIeca. DI. prAstAvika apabhraMza sAhityanI eka tarata ja UDIne AMkhe vaLage tevI viziSTatA tene saMskRta ane prAkRta sAhityathI nokhuM tAravI Ape che. upalabdha apabhraMza sAhitya eTale jainonuM ja sAhitya ema kahIe to paNa cAle, kema ke teoe e kSetramAM je samartha ane vividhatAvALuM nirmANa karyuM che tenI tulanAmAM bauddha ane brAhmaNa ( e to hajI zodhavAnuM rahyuM -- maLe che te chUTAMchavAyAM thoDAMka TAMcaNo ja mAtra ) paraMparAnuM pradAna apavAdarUpa ane tenuM mUlya paNa maryAdita. ema kahone ke apabhraMza sAhitya eTale jainonuM AgavuM kSetra -- jo ke ApaNane maLI che teTalI ja apabhraMza kRtio hoya to ja uparanuM vidhAna sthira svarUpanuM gaNAya. paNa apabhraMza sAhityanI khojanI tizrI nathI thaI gaI ---e dizAmAM hajI ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che. eTale bhaviSyamAM mahattvanI ke gaNanApAtra saMkhyAmAM jainetara kRtio hovAnuM jANavAmAM Ave to ApaNuM A citra palaTAI jAya. - pradhAnapaNe jaina ane dharmaprANita hovA uparAMta apabhraMza sAhityanI bIjI eka AgaLa paDatI lAkSaNikatA te tenuM aikAntika padya svarUpa. apabhraMza gadya nagaNya che. teno samagra sAhityapravAha chaMdamAM ja vahe che. AnuM kAraNa apabhraMza bhASA je khAsa paristhitimAM udbhavI ane viziSTa ghaDatara pAmI temAM kyAMka rahyuM hovAno saMbhava che. apabhraMza bhASA sAhityika prAkRtonI jema sAhityika apabhraMza paNa eka sArI rIte kRtrima bhASA hovAnuM jaNAya che. e eka evI viziSTa bhASA hatI jenA uccAraNamAM ' prAkRta ' bhUmikAnAM pramukha lakSaNo jaLavAI rahyAM hatAM, paNa jenAM vyAkaraNa ane rUDhiprayogo ( tathA zabdakozano thoDoka aMza paNa ) satata vikasatI tatatatkAlIna bolIonA raMge aMzataH raMgAtAM rahetAM hatAM. AthI apabhraMzane eka lAbha e thayo ke te jaDa cokaThAmAM jakaDAI javAnA bhayathI chUTI. kema ke ziSTamAnya dhoraNanuM kaDaka pAlana karavAnA valaNavALI koI paNa sAhityabhASA vadhu ne vadhu rUDhibadda thatI jAya che. temAM ye apabhraMza saMskRta tathA prAkRta jevI zatAbdIo-jUnI praziSTa paraMparA dharAvatI sAhitya--bhASAonA cAlu varcasva nIce UcharI hatI. eTale tene mATe bIje pakSe jIvaMta bolIo sAtheno satata saMparka navacetana arpato nIvaDe e ughADuM che. kaI jAtanI paristhiti vacce apabhraMza bhASA ane sAhityano udgama thayo ? A bAbata hajI sudhI to pUrNa aMdhakAramAM daTAyelI che. AraMbhanuM dhaNuMkharuM sAhitya sAva lupta thayuM che. apabhraMza sAhityavikAsanA prathama sopAna kayAM te jANavAnI kazI sAdhanasAmagrI upalabdha nathI. apabhraMzanA AgavA ne AkarSaka sAhityaprakAro tathA chaMdono udbhava kyAMthI thayo te koIpaNa rIte spaSTapaNe samajAvI zakavAnI ApaNI sthiti nathI.

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AcArya vijyavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha AraMbha ane mukhya sAhityasvarUpo sAhityamAM tathA utkIrNa lekhomAM maLatA ullekho parathI samajAya che ke IsavI chaThThI zatAbdImAM to apabhraMze eka svataMtra sAhityabhASAnuM sthAna prApta karI lIdhuM hatuM. saMskRta ane prAkRtanI sAthosAtha te paNa eka sAhityabhASA tarIke ullekhAe gaNAtI. Ama chatAM ApaNane maLatI prAcInatama apabhraMza kati IsavI navamI zatAbdIthI bahu vahelI nathI. eno artha e thayo ke te pahelAMnuM badhuM sAhitya lupta thayuM che. navamI zatAbdI pUrve paNa apabhraMza sAhitya sArI rIte kheDAtuM rahyuM hovAnA puSkaLa purAvA maLe che, ane tenA upalabdha prAcInatama namUnAomAM sAhityasvarUpa, zailI ane bhASAnI je suvikasita kakSA jovA maLe che te uparathI paNa e vAta samarthita thAya che. navamI zatAbdI pUrvenA be piMgalakAronA pratipAdana parathI spaSTa samajAya che ke pUrvakAlIna sAhityamAM ajANyAM evAM ochAmAM ochAM be navAM sAhityasvarUpo - saMdhibaMdha ane rAsAbaMdha - tathA saMkhyAbaMdha prAsabaddha navatara mAtrAvRtto apabhraMzakALamAM astitvamAM AvyAM hatAM. saMdhibaMdha AmAM saMdhibaMdha sauthI vadhu pracalita racanAprakAra hato. eno upayoga bhAtabhAtanI kathAvastu mATe thayelo che. paurANika mahAkAvya, caritakAvya, dharmakathA - pachI te eka ja hoya ke AkhuM kathAcakra hoya - A badhA viSayo mATe aucityapUrvaka saMdhibaMdha yojAyo che. upalabdhamAM prAcInatama saMdhibaMdha navamI zatAbdI lagabhagano che, paNa tenI pUrva lAMbI paraMparA rahelI hovAnuM saheje joI zakAya che. svayaMbhUnI pahelAM bhadra (ke daktibhadra), govinda ane caturmukhe rAmAyaNa ane kRSNakathAnA viSaya para racanAo karI hovAnuM sAhityika ullekho parathI anumAna thaI zake che. AmAMthI caturmukhano nirdeza pachInI aneka zatAbdIo sudhI mAnapUrvaka thato rahyo che. ukta viSayonuM saMdhibaMdhamAM nirUpaNa karanAra e agraNI kavi hato. svayaMbhUdeva paNa emAMnA eka paNa prAcIna kavinI kRti upalabdha na hovAthI kavirAja ravayaMbhUdeva (IsavI sAtamIthI dasamI zatAbdI vacce)nAM mahAkAvyo e saMdhibaMdha vizenI mAhitI pUrI pADavA mATe ApaNe prAcInatama AdhAra che. caturmukha, svayaMbhU ane puSpadaMta traNe apabhraMzanA prathama paMktinA kavio che, ane temAMye paheluM sthAna svayaMbhUne ApavA paNa koI prerAya. kAvyapravRtti svayaMbhUnI kuLa paraMparAmAM ja hatI. teNe karNATaka ane tenI samIpanA pradezamAM judA judA jaina zreSThIonA Azraye rahI kAvyaracanA karI hovAnuM jaNAya che. svayaMbhU yApanIyanAmaka jaina paMthano hoya e ghaNuM saMbhavita che. e paMthano tenA samaya AsapAsa ukata pradezamAM ghaNo pracAra hato. svayaMbhUnI mAtra traNa katio jaLavAI rahI cheH qsamarisa ane riniri3 nAme be paurANika mahAkAvya ane svamUtra nAmano prApta ane apabhraMza chaMdone lagato graMtha. - mAdhyamika bhAratIya - Arya chaMdo mATe eka prAcIna ane pramANabhUta sAdhana lekhenI tenI agatya uparAMta sAyamUchanuM moTuM mahattva temAM apAyelAM pUrvakAlIna prAkRta ane apabhraMza sAhityanAM TAMcaNone aMge che. AthI ApaNane e sAhityanI sukha samRddhino sAro khyAla Ave che. maphata ane apabhraMza sArA lekhana tenI agaDha uparAMta lata samRddhino sAro khyAla

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jaina paraMparAnuM apabhraMza sAhityamAM pradAna paumacariu k vasamarika ( saM. padmaritam ) e rAmAyaLapurALu ( saM. rAmAcaLapurALam ) nAme paNa jANItuM che. emAM padma eTale rAmanA carita para mahAkAvya racavAnI saMskRta tathA prAkRta sAhityanI paraMparAne svayaMbhU anusare che. 13marikamAM rajU thayeluM rAmakathAnuM jaina svarUpa vAlmIki rAmAyaNamAM maLatA brAhmaNu paraMparA pramANenA ravarUpa( baMnemAM A purogAmI che)thI aneka agatyanI bAbatamAM juduM paDe che. svayaMbhUrAmAyaNano vistAra purANanI spardhA kare teTalo che. te vidvAra ( saM. vidyAdhara ), sannA ( saM. ayodhyA ), suvara, jInna ( saM. yuddha ) ane uttara ema pAMca kAMDamAM vibhakta che. A dareka kAMDa maryAdita saMkhyAnA saMdhi' nAmanA khaMDomAM vaheMcAyelo che. pAMce kAMDanA badhA maLIne tevuM saMdhi che. A dareka saMdhi paNu bArathI vIza jeTalA ' kuDavaka ' nAmanA nAnA sugrathita ekamono banelo che. A kaDavaka ( = prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanuM ' kaDavuM ' ) nAma dharAvato padyapariccheda apabhraMza ane arvAcIna bhAratIya-AryanA pUrvakAlIna sAhityanI viziSTatA che. kathApradhAna vastu gUMthavA mATe te ghaNuM ja anukULa che. kaDavadeha koI mAtrAchaMdamAM racelA sAmAnyataH ATha prAsamRddha caraNuyugmano anelo hoya che. kaDavakanA A mukhya kalevaramAM varNa viSayano vistAra thAya che, jyAre jarA TUMkA chaMdamAM bAMdhelo cAra caraNano aMtima TukaDo varNa viSayano upasaMhAra kare che ke vadhAremAM pachInA viSayanuM sUcana kare che AvA viziSTa baMdhAraNane kAraNe apabhaMza saMdhi zrotAo samakSa layabaddha rIte paThana karAvAnI ke gIta rUpe gavAvAnI ghaNI kSamatA dharAve che. 13marikanA tevuM saMdhimAMthI chellA ATha svayaMbhUnA jarA vadhAre paDatA AtmabhAnavALA putra tribhuvananI racanA che, kema ke koI ajJAta kAraNe svayaMbhUe e mahAkAvya adhUruM mUkeluM. A ja pramANe potAnA pitAnuM bIjuM mahAkAvya riDhaLemirika pUruM karavAno yaza paNa tribhuvanane phALe jAya che ane teNe paMcamIrika ( saM. pazvanIritam ) nAme eka svataMtra kAvya racyuM hovAno paNa ullekha che. 33 svayaMbhUe potAnA purogAmIonA RNuno spaSTa zabdomAM svIkAra karyo che. mahAkAvyanA saMdhibaMdha mATe te caturmukhathI anugRhIta hovAnuM jaNAve che, jyAre vastu ane tenA kAvyAtmaka nirUpaNa mATe te AcArya raviSeNuno AbhAra mAne che. marinA kathAnaka pUrato te raviSenA saMskRta padmaparita ke padmapurALa( I. sa. 677-78 )ne pagale pagale cAle che. te eTale sudhI ke pamarikane padmaparitano mukta ane saMkSipta apabhraMza avatAra kahevo hoya to kahI zakAya. te chatAMye svayaMbhUnI maulikatA ane ucca pratinI kavitvazaktinAM pramANa pamannarikamAM ochAM nathI. eka niyama tarIke te raviSaNe ApelA kathAnakanA dorane vaLagI rahe che ane Ameya e kathAnaka tenI nAnImoTI vigato sAthe paraMparAthI rRDha thayeluM hovAthI kathAvastu purato to maulika kalpanA mATe ke saMvidhAnanI dRSTie parivartana ke rRpAMtara mATe bhAgye ja kazo avakAza raheto. paNa zailInI dRSTie kathAvastune zaNagAravAnI bAbatamAM, varNano ne rasanirUpaNanI bAbatamAM, temaja managamatA prasaMgane bahelAvavAnI khabatamAM, kavine joI e teTalI chUTa maLatI. AvI maryAdAthI baMdhAyelI hovA chatAM svayaMbhUnI sUkSma kalAdaSTie prazasya siddhi meLavI che. potAnI Acityabuddhine anusarIne te AdhArabhUta sAmagrImAM kApakUpa kare che, tene navo ghATa Ape che ke kadIka nirALo ja mArga grahaNa kare che. * apabhraMza kaDavakanuM svarUpa prAcIna avadhi sAhityanAM suphI premAkhyAnaka kAvyomAM ane tulasIdAsakRta rAmacaritamAnasa jevI kRtiomAM UtarI AvyuM che. * raviSeNanuM padmarita pote paNa jaina mahArASTrImAM racAyelA vimalasUriSkRta vatturiyA (saMbhavataH IsavI trIz zatAbdI )nA pallavita saMskRta chAyAnuvAdathI bhAgye ja vizeSa che, 3

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AcArya vijyavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha pa3navariDanA caudamA saMdhinuM vasaMtanAM dazyonI mohaka pRSThabhUmi para AlekhAyeluM tAdaza, gatimAna, IdriyasaMtaparka jalakrIDAvarNana eka utkRSTa sarjana tarIke pahelethI ja paMkAtuM AvyuM che. judAM judAM yuddhadazyo, aMjanAnA upAkhyAna (saMdhi 17-19)mAMnA keTalAka bhAvodrekavALA prasaMgo, rAvaNanA agnidAhanA cittahArI prasaMgamAMthI nItarato vedhaka viSAda (77mo saMdhi) - AvA AvA hRdayaMgama khaMDomAM svayaMbhUnI kavipratibhAnA prabaLa unmeSanAM ApaNe darzana karI zakIe. riTuNemicarita svayaMbhU nuM bIjuM mahAkAya mahAkAvya rikomiri3 (saM. ariSTaneminaritam) athavA harivaMtapurANa (. hiMsApurAma) paNa prasiddha viSayane lagatuM che. temAM bAvIzamAM tIrthakara ariSTaneminuM jIvanacarita tathA kRSNa ane pAMDavonI jaina paraMparA pramANenI kathA apAyelI che. keTalAka namUnArUpa khaMDo bAda karatAM te hajI sudhI aprakAzita che. tenA eka so bAra saMdhio (jenAM badhAM maLIne 1937 kaDavaka ane 18000 batrIza-akSarI ekamo-graMthAgra'-hovAnuM kahevAya che)nA cAra kAMDamAM samAveza thAya che: nAva( saM. ), 6, (saM. yuddha) ane uttara. A viSayamAM paNa svayaMbhU pAse keTalIka AdarzabhUta pUrvakRtio hatI. navamI zatAbdI pahelAM vimalasUri ane vidagdha prAkRtamAM, jinasene (I. sa. 783-84) saMskRtamAM ane bhadra (ke dantibhaDhe ? bhadrAcche?), govinda tathA caturmukhe apabhraMzamAM harivaMzanA viSaya para mahAkAvyo lakhyAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. diniva3ino navvANubhA saMdhi pachIno aMza svayaMbhUnA putra tribhuvanano racelo che, ane pAchaLathI 16mI zatAbdImAM temAM gopAcala (= vAlIara)nA eka apabhraMza kavi yazakIti bhaTTArake keTalAka umerA karelA che. - rAma ane kRSNanA carita para svayaMbhU pachI racAyelAM apabhraMza saMdhibaddha kAvyomAMthI keTalAMkano ullekha ahIM ja karI laIe - A badhI kRtio hajI aprasiddha che; dhavale (IsavI agIAramI zatAbdI pahelAM) 122 saMdhimAM rivaMrApurAna racyuM. uparyukta yazakIrti bhaTTArake 34 saMdhimAM pAMDupurAnuM (saM. pAMDupurANam) (I. sa. 153) tathA tenA samakAlIna paMDita raIdhu aparanAma siMhasene 11 saMdhimAM purANu (saM. vamadrapurA) tema ja neminArika (saM. neminAthavarita) racyAM e ja samaya lagabhaga zrutakIrtie 40 saMdhimAM rivaMtapurANu (saM. rivaMzapurANam) (I. sa. 1551) pUruM karyuM. A kRtio svayaMbhU pachI sAta so jeTalAM varasa vahI gayAM chatAM rAmAyaNa ne harivaMzanA viSayonI jIvaMta paraMparA ane lokapriyatAnA purAvArUpa che. puSpadata puSpadanta (apa. pujayaMta) aparanA mammaIya (I. sa. 957 - 972 mAM vidyamAna)nI kRtiomAMthI ApaNane saMdhibaMdhamAM gUMthAtA bIjA be prakAronI jANa thAya che. puSpadantanAM mAtApitA brAhmaNa hatAM. temaNe pAchaLathI digaMbara jaina dharma svIkArelo. pupadantanAM traNe apabhraMza kAvyonI racanA mAnyakheTa (= hAlanuM haidarAbAda rAjayamAM AveluM mAla kheDa)mAM rAjya karatA rASTrakUTa rAjAo kRSNa trIjA (I. sa. 939-968) ane khoTiMgadeva (I. sa. 968-972 )nA pradhAno anukrame bharata ane tenA putra nannanA Azraya nIce thaI hatI. svayaMbhU ane tenA purogAmIoe rAma ane kRSNapAMDavanAM kathAnakano ThIkaThIka kasa kADhyo hato, eTale puchapadantanI kavipratibhAe jaina purANakathAnA judA- ane vizALatara pradezomAM viharavAnuM pasaMda karyuM haze. jenA paurANika mAnyatA pramANe pUrvanA samayamAM tresaTha mahApuruSo (ke zalAkApu ) thaI gayA. temAM covIza tIrthakara, bAra cakravartI, nava vAsudeva (= ardhacakravartI), nava baladeva (te te vAsudevanA bhAI) ane nava prativAsudeva (eTale ke te te vAsudevanA virodhI)no

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jaina paraMparAnuM apabhraMza sAhityamAM pradAna 35 samAveza thAya che. lakSmaNa, pA (= rAma) ane rAvaNa e AThamA baladeva, vAsudeva ne prativAsudeva kRSNa, balabhadra ane jarAsaMdha e navamA gaNAya che. A tresaTha mahApuno jIvanavRttAMta ApatI racanAo "mahApurANa" athavA "triSaSTimahApurUSa(kenzalAkApuruSa-)caritIne nAme oLakhAya che. AmAM pahelA tIrthakara RSabha ane pahelA cakravartI bharatanAM caritane varNavato AraMbhano aMza AdipurANa, ane bAkInA mahApuruSonAM caritavALo aMza "uttarapurANa" kahevAya che. puSpadata pahelAM paNa A viSaya para saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM keTalIka padyakRtio racAyelI. paNa apabhraMzamAM pahelavahelAM e viSayanuM mahAkAvya banAvanAra pupadanta hovAnuM jaNAya che. mahApurANa ke tinihApurimALA (saM. triSTimahApuruSAraH ) nAma dharAvatI tenI e mahAkRtimAM 102 saMdhi che, jemAMthI pahelA sADatrIza saMdhi AdipurANane ane bAkInA uttarapurANane phALe jAya che. puSpadanta kathAnaka pUrato jinasena-guNabhakRta saMskRta, viSTimapuWLarIrasaMprada (I. sa. 898 mAM samApta)ne anusare che. A viSayamAM paNa prasaMgo ane vigato sahita kathAnakonuM samagra kalevara paraMparAthI rUDha thayeluM hatuM, eTale nirUpaNamAM nAvinya ane cAtA lAvavA kavine mAtra potAnI varNananI ane zailIsajAvaTanI zaktio para ja AdhAra rAkhavAno raheto. viSaya kathanAtmaka svarUpanA ne parANika hovA chatAM jaina apabhraMza kavio temanA nirUpaNamAM praziSTa saMskRtanA AlaMkArika mahAkAvyanI paraMparA apanAve che ane AchopAtaLA kathAnaka kalevarane alaMkAra, chaMda ne pAMDityanA ThaTherAthI caDhAbaDhAve che tenuM eka kAraNa A paNa che. dinivari3mAM svayaMbhU ApaNane spaSTa kahe che ke kAvyaracanA karavA mATe tene vyAkaraNa idra dIdhuM, rasa bharate, vistAra vyAse, chaMda piMgale, alaMkAra bhAmaha ane daMDIe, akSarabara bANe, nipuNatva zrIharSa ane chaDuNI, dvipadIne dhruvakathI maMti paddhaDikA caturmukhe. puSpadanta paNa parokSa rIte AvuM ja kahe che, vidyAnAM bIjAM keTalAMka kSetramAM pratiSThita evAM thoDAMka nAmo umere che ane evI ghoSaNA kare che ke potAnA mahApurANamAM prAkRtalakSaNo, sakala nIti, chaMdobhaMgI, alaMkAro, vividha raso tathA tatvArthano nirNaya maLaze. saMskRta mahAkAvyano Adarza sAme rAkhI tenI preraNAthI racAyelAM apabhraMza mahAkAvyonuM sAcuM baLa vastunA vaicitrya ke saMvidhAna karatAM vizeSa to tenA varNana ke nirUpaNamAM raheluM che. ravayaMbhUnI tulanAmAM puSpadanta alaMkAranI samRddhi, chaMdovaividhya ane vyutpatti upara vizeSa AdhAra rAkhe che. chaMdobhedanI vipulatA tathA saMdhi ane kaDavakanI dIrghatA puSpadantanA samaya sudhImAM saMdhibaMdhanuM svarUpa kAMIka vadhu saMkula thayuM hovAnI sUcaka che. mahApurANanA cothA,bAramA, sattaramA, chatALIzamA, bAvanamA ItyAdi saMdhionA keTalAka aMzo puSpadantanI asAmAnya kavitvazaktinAM uttama udAharaNa tarIke TAMkI zakAya. mahApurAnanA 60thI 79 saMdhimAM rAmAyaNanI kathAno saMkSepa apAyo che, 81thI 92 saMdhi jana harivaMza Ape che, jyAre aMtima aMzamAM trevIsamA tathA covIsamA tIrthaMkara pArzva ane mahAvIranAM carita che. caritakAvya - puchapadantanAM bIjAM be kAvya, jayanArari3 (saM. nAjhubhAravaritam). ane hariya (saM. tharAdharavaritam) parathI joI zakAya che ke vizALa porANika viSayo uparAMta jaina purANa, anuzruti ke paraMparAgata itihAsanI prasiddha vyaktionAM bodhaka jIvanacarita ApavA mATe paNa saMdhibaMdha vaparAto. vistAra ane nirUpaNanI daSTie A caritakAvyo ke kathAkAvyo saMskRta mahAkAvyonI pratikRti jevAM

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AcArya vijyavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha gaNAya. AmAM paNa puSpadanta pAse keTalAMka pUrvadaSTAMta hovAM joIe. achaDatA ullekha parathI ApaNe puSpadantanI pahelAMnAM ochAmAM ochAM be caritakAvyonAM nAma jANIe chIeH eka te svayaMbhukRta sudrayari3 ane bIjuM tenA putra tribhuvanakata kaMvamI3i. nArivari3 nava saMdhimAM tenA nAyaka nAgakumAra (jaina purANakaththA pramANe covIza kAmadevamAMno eka)nAM parAkramo varNave che ane sAthe te phAgaNa zudi pAMcamane divase zrIpaMcamInuM vrata karavAthI thatI phaLaprAptinuM udAharaNa pUruM pADe che. puchapadantanuM trIjuM kAvya sari3 cAra saMdhimAM ujajayinInA rAjA yazodharanI kathA Ape che ne te dvArA prANivadhanA pApanAM kaDavAM phaLo udAhata kare che. puSpadantanI pahelAM ane pachI A ja kathAnakane thatI prAkata, saMskRta, apabhraMza ane arvAcIna bhASAomAM maLatI aneka racanAo e jainomAM atizaya lokapriya hovAnI sUcaka che. puSpadantanuM praziSTa kAvyarIti paranuM prabhuta, apabhraMza bhASAmAM ananya pAraMgatatA, tema ja bahumukhI pAMDitya tene bhAratanA kaviomAM mAnavaMtu sthAna apAve che. eka sthaLe kAvyanA potAnA Adarzano Acho khyAla ApatAM te kahe che ke uttama kAvya zabda ane arthanA alaMkArathI tathA lIlAyukta padAvalithI maMDita, rasabhAvaniraMtara, arthanI cArutAvALuM, sarva vidyAkalAthI samRddha, vyAkaraNa ane chaMdathI puSTa ane AgamathI prerita hovuM joIe. ucca koTinuM apabhraMza sAhitya A Adarzano sAkSAtkAra karavAmAM prayatnazIla rahyuM che, paNa temAM sauthI vadhu saphaLatA puSpadantane maLI che ema kahevAmAM kazI ayukti nathI. puSpadata pachInAM caritakAvya puSpadanta pachI ApaNane saMdhibahu caritakAvyo ke kathAkAvyonAM puSkaLa namUnA maLe che. paNa temAMnAM ghaNAMkharAM hajI mAtra hastapratarUpe ja rahyAM che. je kAMI thoDAM prakAzita thayAM che, temAM saiauthI mahattvanI dhanapAlakRta visaTTa (saM. vidhyattatathA) che. dhanapAla digaMbara dharkaTa vaNika hato ane saMbhavataH IsavI bAramI zatAbdI pahelAM thaI gayo. bAvIza saMdhinA vistAravALuM tenuM kAvya pramANamAM saraLa zailImAM bhaviSyadattanI kautukaraMgI kathA kahe che ane sAthe sAthe kArtika sudi pAMcamane divase AvatuM bhUtapaMcamI ke jJAnapaMcamInuM vrata karavAthI maLatAM phaLanuM udAharaNa ApavAno uddeza paNa pAra pADe che. tenuM kathAnaka evuM che ke eka vepArI niSkAraNu aNagamo AvatAM putra bhaviSyadatta sahita potAnI patnIno tyAga kare che ane bIjI patnI kare che. bhaviSyadatta moTo thatAM koI prasaMge paradeza kheDavA jAya che tyAre teno oramAna nAno bhAI be vAra kapaTa karI tene eka nirjana dvIpa para ekaloaTUlo choDI jAya che. paNa mAtAe karelA zratapaMcamInA vratane pariNAme chevaTe tenI badhI muzkelIono aMta Ave che, teno ghaNo udaya thAya che ane zatruno parAjaya karavAmAM rAjAne sAhAsya karavA badala te rAjayArdhano adhikArI bane che. maraNa pachI cothA bhavamAM zrutapaMcamInuM vrata karavAthI tene kevalajJAna prApta thAya che. dhanapAla pahelAM A ja viSaya para apabhraMzamAM tribhuvananuM paMnivari3 tathA prAkRtamAM mahezvaranI nALapaMno (saM. jJAnapaMcamIthAH) maLe che. dhanapAlanI samIpanA samayamAM zrIdhare cAra saMdhimAM apabhraMza visaraMvari3 (saM. mavaccattaritam) (I. sa. 1174) raceluM che, je hajI aprasiddha che. kanakAmaranuM rakagva3i saM. raritam) dasa saMdhimAM eka pratyekabuddha(eTale ke svayaMprabuddha saMta)no jIvanavRttAMta Ape che. baiddha sAhityamAM paNa karakaMkunI vAta Ave che. dhAhilakRta paramasiririka (saM. zrIcaritam) (IsavI agIAramI zatAbdI lagabhaga) kapaTabhAvayukta AcaraNanAM mAThAM phaLa udAhata karavA cAra saMdhimAM pAzrIno traNa bhavato vRttAMta Ape che.

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jaina paraMparAnuM apabhraMza sAhityamAM pradAna 37 paNa pahelAM kahyuM tema saMdhibaddha cAritakAvyonA ghaNA moTA bhAgane hajI mudraNanuM sadbhAgya nathI sAMpaDayuM. ahIM ApaNe tevAM kAvyonI eka yAdI--ane te paNa saMpUrNa nahIM--ApIne ja saMtoSa mAnazuM. sAmAnya rIte A kAvyo amuka jaina siddhAMta ke dhArmika-naitika mAnyatAnA dRSTAMta lekhe koi tIrthaMkaranuM ke jaina purANakathAnA yA itihAsanA koI yazavI pAtranuM carita varNave che. caritakAvyonI yAdI nAma pAsapurANu ( saM. pArzvapurAnam ) navRttamitrarika ( saM. namvasvAmiparitam ) jambUsAmicariu ( saM. navrUsvAmi~ritam ) sudaMsaNacariu ( saM. sulIna paritam ) saM. vijJAnavatIyA ) vilAsaaskahA ( saM. pArzvaparitam ) pAsacariu sukumAcariu ( saM. sunAravaritam ) sukumAtAnivari3 ( saM. sulunAsvAmiritam ) pajjuNNakahA ( saM. prannumnayA ) jiNadattacariu ( saM. nAinattacaritam) vayarasAmicariu vADuvajivevacaritam ( saM. vAhuSTivevaritam) ( saM. vaSrasvAmiparitam ) seNiyacariu ( saM. zrantiritam) canda pahacariu ( saM. zraddhamaritam ) sammalinarika ( saM. sanmatinAinavaritam ) mehesaracariu ( saM. meghezvarattvaritam ) dhaNakumAracariu ( saM. janamAraritam) ( saM. vardhamAnAvyam ) mANa amaraseNacariu ( saM. amarasenaritam) AyavumArarika ( saM. nALavumAritam) suloyaNAcariu ( saM. muoSanA varitam) vi padmakIrti sAgaradatta 11 vIra nayanaMdI 11 sAdhAraNa athavA siddhasena 11 zrIdhara 12 zrIdhara pUrNabhadra siMha ke siddha lakhaNa varadatta dhanapAla jayamitra halla yaza:kIrti raidhU radh 23 jayamitra halla mANikayarAja "" devasena saMdhi saMkhyA 18 OM 15 11 2 18 11 11 10 13 4 11 9 "" 28 racanAsamaya ( IsavIsanamAM) 943 120 1020 1040 1068 1133 1152 ... 12mI zatAbdI 1219 1398 15mI zatAbdI 27 33 "" "" "" thAkozo ahIM sudhImAM gaNAvyA te uparAMta bIjo eka viSayaprakAra paNa saMdhibaMdhamAM maLe che. te che koI viziSTa jaina graMthamAM pratipAdita thayelA amuka dhArmika vA naitika viSayane udAhata karatI kathAvalI. ' kathAkoza ' nAme jANItA A sAhityanI saMkhyAbaMdha kRtio saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM maLe che. apabhraMzamAM 56 tathA 58 saMdhinA e bhAgamAM racAyeluM nayanaMdIkRta sayaviiivALavuM ( saM. savidhividhAnAththam) (i. sa. 1044) tathA 53 saMdhimAM nibaddha zrIcaMdrakRta jovu (saM. thAzerAH) (IsavI agIAranI sadI) e baMne, zramaNujIvanane lagatA ne jaina zaurasenImAM racAyelA Agamapa ( 1520 ..

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3. AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha prasiddha digaMbara graMtha mAvatI-mAdhanAnI sAthe saMkaLAyelI kathAo varNave che. nayanaMdI ane zrIcaMdre potAnI kRtio purogAmI saMskRta ane prAkRta ArAdhanAkathAkozone AdhAre racI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. 21 saMdhino zrIcaMdrakRta saLavaLataMtu (saM. zanathArana04:) (I. sa. 1064), 11 saMdhinI hariSeNu kRta dhammariyala (saM. dharmaparIkSA) (I. sa. 988), 14 saMdhinuM amarakIrtikRta chamuvaeto (saM. hovA) ane saMbhavataH 7 saMdhinuM zrutakItikRta mikriyAsasAha (saM. parameSThiprAraIsara:) (I. sa. 1497) vagereno paNa A ja prakAramAM samAveza thAya che. A badhI kRtio paNa hajI prakAzamAM nathI AvI. AmAM hariSaNanI dhammariyala tenA vastunI viziSTatAne kAraNe khAsa rasaprada che. temAM mukhyatve brAhmaNa purANo keTalAM visaMgata ane arthahIna che te sacoTa yuktithI puravAra karIne manovega potAnA mitra pavanavega pAse jaina dharmano svIkAra karAve che tenI vAta che. manovega pavanaveganI hAjarImAM eka brAhmaNasabhA samakSa potAnA vize sAva asaMbhavita ane uTapaTaMga joDI kADhelI vAto kahe che, ane jyAre pelA brAhmaNo tene mAnavAnI nA pADe che, tyAre te rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ane purANomAMthI evA ja asabhavita prasaMgo ne anAvo samarthanamAM TAMkI potAnA zabdone pramANabhUta TharAve che. hariSeNunI A kRtino AdhAra koI prAkRta racanA hatI. dhammariyalane anusarIne pachIthI saMskRta tema ja khIjI bhASAomAM keTalAMka kAvyo racAyAM che. haribhadrakRta prAkRta dhUrtIsthAna (IsavI AThamI zatAbdI)mAM A ja kathAyukti ane prayojana che ane A viSayanI sarvaprathama kRti hovAnuM mAna tene phALe jAya che. A saMkSipta nRttAMta parathI apabhraMza sAhityamAM saMdhibaMdhanuM keTaluM mahattva che teno ghaTato khyAla maLI raheze. zasAbaMdha saMdhibaMdhanI jema apabhraMze svataMtrapaNe vikasAveluM ane ThIkaThIka pracalita khIjuM sAhityasvarUpa te rAsAbaMdha. te UmipradhAna kAvyanA prakAranI, madhyama mApanI (Ama saMskRta khaMDakAvyanuM smaraNa karAvatI) racanA hovAnI aTakaLa thaI zake che. temAM kAvyanA kalevara mATe sAmAnya rIte amuka eka paraMparADha mAtrA chaMda prayojAto, jyAre vaividhya mATe vacce vacce bhAtabhAtanA rucira chaMdo vaparAtA. rAsAbaMdhano pracAra ane lokapriyatA ApaNane upalabdha prAcInatama prAkRta-apabhraMzanA hiMgalakAroe ApelI rAsakanI vyAkhyAthI samarthita thatAM hovA chatAM ( svayaMbhU to tene patigoSThIomAM rasAyaNurUpa kahIne vakhANe che) eka paNa prAcIna rAsAno namUno to ThIka, nAme ya nathI jaLavAI rahyuM e AzcaryanI vAta che. ane pAchaLanA samayamAM paNa A mahattvanA apabhraMza kAvyaprakAra vizenuM ApaNuM ajJAna dhaTADe tevI sAmagrI svalpa che. satata ane dharamULanuM parivartana pAmIne rAso arvAcIna bhAratIya - Arya sAhityamAM ogaNIzamI zatAbdInA aMta sudhI cAlu rahyo che. prAcIna gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI sAhityamAM ghaNuMkharuM jaina lekhakonA racelA rAsAo seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM maLe che. paNa apabhraMzamAM TheTha teramI zatAbdI lagabhaganA eka muslima rAsaka ane khAramI zatAbdI lagabhaganA sAhityadRSTie mUlyahIna eka upadezAtmaka jaina rAsa sivAya khIjuM kazuM maLatuM nathI. AmAM pAblI kRti haveArasAyanAsa eMzI padyomAM sadguru ane saddharmanI prazaMsA ane guru ane kudharmanI niMdA kare che. e rAsakakAvya eka pratinidhirUpa kRti nahIM, paNa lokapriya sAhityaprakArano dharmapracAra arthe upayoga karavAnuM uttarakAlIna udAharaNa mAtra che. mALiya-prastAriA-pratidra-rAsa nAme eka vadhArAnA rAsano ullekha AramI zatAbdInI kRtimAM maLe che.

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jaina paraMparAnuM apabhraMza sAhityamAM pradAna anibaddha racanAprakAro jemAM pratipAdya viSayane saMvidhAna, saMyojana vagere dvArA cokkasa dhATa ApavAno hoya che tevA viziSTa baMdhavALA prakAro uparAMta apabhraMzamAM baMdharahita prakArono paNa upayoga thato. apabhraMza kathAkAvya mATe saMdhibaMdha ja niyata hato evuM nathI. kemake AraMbhathI aMta sudhI nirapavAdapaNe eka ja chaMda yojAyo hoya ane baMdhAraNa ke viSayAdine avalakhIne koI paNa jAtanA vibhAga ke khaMDa pADavAmAM na AvyA hoya tevAM kathAkAvyonAM ApaNane ekakhe namUnA maLe che. I. sa. 1150mAM samApta thayeluM haribhadranuM neminArika( saM. neminAthaparitam )nuM pramANu 8032 zloka jeTaluM che, ane te saLaMga raDDA nAmanA eka mizra chaMdamAM racAyuM che. haribhadra pahelAM ochAmAM ochI traNa zatAbdI pUrve thayelA goviMda nAme apabhraMza kavie paNa raDDAchaMdanA vividha prakAromAM eka kRSNakAvya racyuM hovAnuM ApaNe svayammumAM ApelAM TAMcaNo parathI anumAna karI zakIe chIe. dhArmika, tathA AdhyAtmika kRtio apabhraMzamAM kathAkAvyonI ane saMbhavataH UrmipradhAna kAvyonI) vipulatA hatI. eno artha evo nathI ke te khIjA kAvyaprakArothI sAva ajJAta hato. dhArmika-bodhaka viSayanI keTalIka nAnI nAnI racanAo uparAMta traNa AdhyAtmika ke yogaviSayaka racanAo paNa maLe che. 39 AmAM yogIndudeva (apa. joI )no paramavvapayAsu ( saM. paramAtmaprArA ) : ane colAra sauthI vizeSa mahattvanA che. paramappapayAsunA e adhikAramAM pahelAmAMthI 123 dohA che, jemAM khAdyAtmA, aMtarAtmA ane paramAtmAnuM mukta, rasavatI zailImAM pratipAdana kareluM che. 214 padyo( ghaNAkharA dohA )no bIjo adhikAra mokSatattva ane mokSasAdhana upara che. yogIndu sAdhaka yogIne AtmasAkSAtkAranu sarvocca mahattva samajAve che, ane te mATenA mArga tarIke viSayopabhoga tajavAno, dharmanA mAtra bAhyAcArane nahIM, paNa AMtarika tattvane vaLagI rahevAno, AMtarika zuddhino ane AtmAnA sAcA svarUpanuM dhyAna dharavAno upadeza Ape che. yogasAramAM 108 padyo( dhaNAkharA dohA )mAM saMsArabhramaNathI virakta mumukSune prabuddha karavA mATe upadeza apAyelo che. svarRpa, zailI ane sAmagrInI dRSTie tenuM paramavvapayAsu sAthe dhaNuM sAmya che. A ja zabdo rAmasiMhakRta hohApAduka( saM. rohAmAmRta )ne lAgu paDe che. tenAM 212 dohAbahula padyomAM e ja adhyAtmika naitika dRSTi para bhAra mukAyo che. temAM zarIra ane AtmAno tAttvika bheda nirUpI, paramAtmAnI sAthe AtmAnI abhedAnubhUtine sAdhaka yogInuM sarvocca sAdhya gaNyuM che. vicAramAM tema ja paribhASAmAM A traNe kRtio brAhmaNa ane bauddha paraMparAnI adhyAtmaviSayaka keTalIka kRtio sAthe gaNanApAtra sAmya dharAve che. temanI bhASA ane zailI saraLa, sacoTa, lokagamya ane alaMkAranA tathA pAMDityanA bhArathI mukta che. temane bhAratIya adhyAtmarahasyavAdI sAhityamAM jaina paraMparAnA mUlyavAna pradAna tarIke gaNAvI zakAya. nAnI dhArmika kRtiomAM lakSmIcaMdrakRta sAyaSammadrohA (saM. AvajadharmadrohA ) aparanAma navA AvavAnAra ( 16 mI zatAbdI pahelAM ) ullekhAhe che. temAM nAma pramANe zrAvakonuM kartavya lokabhogya zailImAM samajAvyuM che. e uparAMta 25 dohAnI mahezvarakRta saMyamaviSayaka saMyamamArI ( saMbhavataH 13mI zatAbdI lagabhaga )no, jinadatta (I. sa. 1076 - 115ra ) kRta tvarI ane

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40 AcArya vijyavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha trikuno, ane dhanapAlakRta satyapuraHTTanamavIrotsAhU (IsavI 11mI zatAbdI), abhayadevakRta natiduvamaLa Adi stavano vagereno ullekha karI zakAya. prakIrNa kRtio ane uttarakAlIna valaNa svataMtra kRtio uparAMta jaina prAkRta tathA saMskRta graMthomAM ane TIkAsAhityamAM nAnAmoTA saMkhyAbaMdha apabhraMza khaMDo maLe che. udAharaNa lekhe thoDAMka ja nAma gaNAvIe: vardhamAnakRta mata (I. sa. 1104), devacaMdrakRta sAntinAthavaritra (I. sa. 1104), hemacaMdrakRta siddhadena vyAkaraNa tatha kumArapakvarita aparanAma suvyAzraya (IsavI 12mI zatAbdI), ratnaprabhakRta uparAtriAvo ghaTTIvRtti (I. sa. 1182), somaprabhakRta kumArapaDhipratibodha (I. sa. 1185), hemahaMsaziSyakata saMgamamaMtrarItti (IsavI 1pamI zatAbdI pahelAM) vagere. saMdhi teramI zatAbdI AsapAsa TUMkA apabhraMza kAvyo mATe "saMdhi' nAme (AgalA "saMdhibaMdha'thI A bhinna che) eka navI racanAprakAra vikase che. temAM koI dhArmika, upadezAtmaka ke kathApradhAna viSayanuM thoDAMka kaDavAMmAM nirUpaNa kareluM hoya che, ane temano mULa AdhAra ghaNI vAra AgAmika ke bhASAsAhityamAMno - athavA to pUrvakAlIna dharmakathA sAhityamAMno - koI prasaMga ke upadezavacano hoya che. ratnaprabhakRta saMtarAsaMdhi (IsavI 13mI zatAbdI), jayadevakRta mAvanAsaMdhi, jInaprabha (IsavI 13mI zatAbdI)kRta pherAsaMdhi, mahAsaMdha (I. sa. 1241) tathA anya saMdhio, vagere. teramI zatAbdImAM ane te pachI racAyelI kRtionA uttarakAlIna apabhraMzamAM tatkAlIna bolIono vadhato jato prabhAva chato thAya che. A bolIomAM paNa kyAranIya sAhityaracanA thavA lAgI hatI - je ke prAraMbhamAM A sAhitya apabhraMza sAhityaprakAro ne sAhityavalaNonA vistArarUpa hatuM. bolacAlanI bhASAno A prabhAva AchArUpamAM to TheTha hemacaMdrIya apabhraMza udAharaNomAM paNa che. UlaTapakSe sAhityamAM apabhraMzaparaMparA TheTha paMdaramI zatAbdI sudhI laMbAya che ane kavacite pachI paNa cAlu rahelI jovA maLe che. vastunirmANanI ane kSetranI maryAdA chatAM nUtana sAhityasvarUpo ane chaMdasvarUponuM sarjana, paraMparApunita kAvyarItinuM prabhutva, varNananipuNatA ane rasaniSpattinI zakti - A badhAM dvArA jaina apabhraMza sAhityanAM je sAmarthya ane siddhi prakaTa thAya che tethI bhAratIya sAhityanA itihAsama saheje tene UMcuM ne gauravavaMtuM sthAna prApta thAya che. : -