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________________ jaina paramparA meM kAzI 3 jaina paramparA meM prAcInakAla se hI kAzI kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jAtA rahA hai| use cAra tIrthaGkaroM-- supArzva, candraprabha, zreyAMsa aura pArzva kI janmabhUmi hone kA gaurava prApta hai| ayodhyA ke pazcAt aneka tIrthaGkaroM kI janmabhUmi mAne jAne kA gaurava kevala vArANasI ko hI milA hai| supArzva aura pArzva kA janma vArANasI meM, candraprabha kI janma candrapurI meM, jo ki vArANasI se 15 kilomITara pUrva meM gaMgA kinAre sthita hai aura zreyAMsa kA janma siMhapurI --- vartamAna sAranAtha meM mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi inameM tIna tIrthaGkara prAk aitihAsika kAla ke haiM kintu pArzva kI aitihAsikatA ko amAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| RSibhASita ( I0pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI) ', AcArAGga (dvitIya - zrutaskandha) 2, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana' aura kalpasUtra (lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI IsA pUrva) meM pArzva ke ullekha Ae haiN| kalpasUtra aura jainAgamoM meM unheM puruSAdAnIya kahA gayA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM puruSAdAnIya zabda AyA hai| unheM vArANasI ke rAjA azvasena kA putra batAyA gayA hai tathA unakA kAla I0pU0 navIM-AThavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai / " azvasena kI pahacAna purANoM meM ullekhita haryazva se kI jA sakatI hai| " pArzva ke samakAlIna aneka vyaktitva vArANasI se jur3e hue haiN| Aryadatta unake pramukha ziSya the| 10 puSpacUlA pradhAna AryA thI / " suvrata prabhRti aneka gRhastha upAsaka aura sunandA prabhRti aneka gRhastha upAsikAyeM unakI anuyAyI thIM / unake pramukha gaNadharoM meM soma kA ullekha hai / soma vArANasI ke eka vidvAn brAhmaNa ke putra the / 14 soma kA ullekha RSibhASita meM bhI AtA hai| 15 jaina paramparA meM pArzvanAtha ke ATha gaNa aura ATha gaNadhara mAne gaye haiM / " motIcandra ne cAra gaNa aura cAra gaNadharoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha bhrAnta evaM nirAdhAra hai| " vArANasI meM pArzva aura kamaTha tApasa ke vivAda kI carcA jaina kathA sAhitya meM hai| 18 baudhAyana dharmasUtra meM 'pArazavaH' zabda hai, sambhavataH usakA sambandha pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM se ho; yadyapi mUla prasaMga varNasaMkara kA hai|" pArzva ke samIpa ilA, saterA, saudAminI, indrA, dhannA, vidyutA Adi vArANasI kI zreSThi-putriyoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha jJAtAdharmakathA meM (IsA kI prathama zatI) AtA hai| uttarAdhyayana kAzIrAja ke bhI dIkSita hone kI sUcanA detA hai / " kAzIrAz2a kA ullekha mahAvagga va mahAbhArata meM bhI upalabdha hai / 22 antakRtadazAMga se kAzI ke rAjA alakSa (alakkha) alarka ke mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| 23 alarka ke atirikta zaMkha, kaTaka, dharmaruci nAmaka kAzI ke rAjAoM ke ullekha jaina kathA sAhitya meM haiM 20
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________________ 118 kintu ye sabhI mahAvIra aura pArzva ke pUrvavartIkAla ke batAye gaye haiN| ata: inakI aitihAsikatA ke sambandha meM kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kAzI ke rAjAoM meM alarka alakSa ke atirikta jitazatru kA ullekha bhI upAsakadazAGga meM milatA hai| 24 kintu jitazatru kA ekasA upAdhiparaka nAma hai jo jaina paramparA meM aneka rAjAoM ko diyA gayA hai| ata: isa nAma ke AdhAra para aitihAsika niSkarSa nikAlanA kaThina hai| mahAvIra ke isa pramukha gRhastha upAsakoM meM cUlanIpitA aura surAdeva vArANasI ke mAne gaye haiM, donoM hI pratiSThita vyApArI rahe haiN| upAsakadazAGga inake vipula vaibhava aura dharmaniSThA kA vivecana karatA hai|25 mahAvIra svayaM vArANasI Aye the|26 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM harikezI aura yajJIya nAmaka adhyAya ke pAtroM kA sambandha bhI vArANasI se hI hai| donoM meM jAtivAda aura karmakANDa para karArI coTa kI gaI hai|27 pArzvanAtha ke yuga se vartamAna kAla taka jaina paramparA ko apane astitva ke lie vArANasI meM kaThina saMgharSa karane par3e haiN| prastuta nibandha meM una sabakI eka saMkSipta carcA hai| kintu isake pUrva jaina AgamoM meM vArANasI kI bhaugolika sthiti kA jo citraNa upalabdha hai use de denA bhI Avazyaka hai| jaina Agama prajJApanA meM kAzI kI gaNanA eka janapada ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai aura vArANasI ko usakI rAjadhAnI batAyA gayA hai| kAzI kI sImA pazcima meM vatsa, pUrva meM magadha, uttara meM videha aura dakSiNa meM kozala batAyA gayA hai| bauddha granthoM meM kAzI ke uttara meM kozala ko batAyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM vArANasI ke uttara-pUrva dizA meM gaMgA kI sthiti batAI gayI hai| vahIM mRtagaGgAtIradraha (tAlAba) bhI batAyA gayA hai|28 yaha to satya hai ki vArANasI ke nikaTa gaMgA uttara-pUrva hokara bahatI hai| vartamAna meM vArANasI ke pUrva meM gaMgA to hai kintu kisI bhI rUpa meM gaMgA kI sthiti vArANasI ke uttara meM siddha nahIM hotI hai| mAtra eka hI vikalpa hai, vaha yaha ki vArANasI kI sthiti rAjaghATa para mAnakara gaMgA kA nagara ke pUrvottara arthAt IzAnakoNa meM svIkAra kiyA jAye to hI isa kathana kI saMgati baiThatI hai| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM 'mayaMga' zabda kI vyAkhyA mRtagaMgA ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai- isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gaMgA kI koI aisI dhArA bhI thI jo ki nagara ke uttara-pUrva hokara bahatI thI kintu Age calakara yaha dhArA mRta ho gaI arthAt pravAhazIla nahIM rahI aura isane eka draha kA rUpa le liyaa| yadyapi motIcandra ne isakI sUcanA dI hai kintu isakA yogya samIkaraNa abhI apekSita hai| gaMgA kI isa mRtadhArA kI racanA jainAgamoM aura cUrNiyoM ke atirikta anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai| yadyapi prAkRta zabda mayaMna kA eka rUpa mAtaMga bhI hotA hai aisI sthiti meM usake AdhAra para usakA eka artha gaMgA ke kinAre mAtaMgoM kI bastI ke nikaTavartI tAlAba se bhI ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM usake samIpa mAtaMgoM (zvapAkoM) kI bastI svIkRta kI gaI hai|29 jainAgamoM meM vArANasI ke samIpa Azramapada (kalpasUtra)30, koSTaka
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________________ 119 (upAsakadazAMga)31 ambazAlavana, (nirayAvali)32 kAmamahAvana ,(antakRtadvazAMga)33 aura tiMduka (uttarAdhyayananiyukti)34 nAmaka udyAnoM evaM vanakhaNDoM ke ullekha haiN| aupapAtikasUtra se gaMgA ke kinAre basane vAle aneka prakAra ke tApasoM kI sUcanA hameM upalabdha hotI hai--- vistara bhaya se yahA~ una sabakA ullekha Avazyaka nahIM hai kintu isase usa yuga kI dhArmika sthiti kA patA cala jAtA hai| 35 jainagamoM se hameM vArANasI kA ziva kI nagarI ke rUpa meM kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA hai--- mAtra 14vIM zatAbdI meM vividhatIrthakalpa meM isakA ullekha hai, jabaki yahA~ yakSapUjA ke pracalana ke prAcIna ullekha milate haiN| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM vArANasI ke uttara-pUrva dizA meM tiMduka udyAna meM gaNDo yakSa ke yakSAyatana kA ullekha hai| yahI yakSa harikezibala nAmaka cANDAla jAti ke jaina zramaNa para prasanna huA thaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (IsA-pUrva) aura usakI niyukti meM yaha kathA vistAra se dI gaI hai| harikezibala muni bhikSArtha yajJamaNDapa meM jAte haiM, cANDAla jAti ke hone ke kAraNa muni ko yajJamaNDapa se bhikSA nahIM dI jAtI hai aura unheM vahA~ se mArakara nikAlA jAtA hai| yakSa kupita hotA hai| sabhI kSamA mA~gate haiN| harikezi sacce yajJa kA svarUpa spaSTa karate haiM aadi|36 prastuta kathA se yaha niSkarSa avazya nikalatA hai ki yakSa-pUjA kA zramaNa paramparA meM utanA virodha nahIM thA jitanA ki hiMsaka yajJoM ke prati thaa| uttarAdhyayana kI yajJa kI yaha navIna AdhyAtmika paribhASA hameM mahAbhArata meM milatI hai| ho sakatA hai ki harikezi ke isI ghaTanA ke kAraNa vArANasI kA yaha gaNDIyakSa harikezi yakSa ke nAma se jAnA jAne lagA ho| matsyapurANa meM harikezi yakSa kI kathA varNita hai jisameM use sAtvikavRtti kA aura tapasvI batAyA gayA hai kintu use zivabhakta ke rUpa meM darzita kiyA gayA hai| 37 uttarAdhyayana kI kathA matsyapurANa kI apekSA prAcIna hai| kathA kA srota eka hai aura use apane apane dharmoM meM rUpAntarita kiyA gayA hai| yakSa pUjA ke prasaMga kI carcA karate hue DaoN0 motIcandra ne uttarAdhyayana ke 3/14 aura 16/16 aise do sandarbha diye haiN| kintu ve donoM hI bhrAnta haiN|38 harikezibala cANDAla-zramaNa aura usake sahAyaka yakSa kA vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke bArahaveM adhyAya meM haiN| gaNDitiMdukayakSa kA nAma pUrvaka ullekha uttarAdhyayana niyukti meM hai|29 jainadharma prArambha se hI karmakANDa aura jAtivAda kA virodhI rahA hai aura unake isa virodha kI tIna ghaTanAe~ vArANasI ke sAtha hI jur3I huI haiN| prathama ghaTanA-- pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha tApasa ke saMgharSa kI hai; dUsarI ghaTanA harikezibala kI yAjJikoM se virodha kI hai jisameM jAtivAda aura hiMsaka yajJoM kA khaNDana hai aura tIsarI ghaTanA jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa ke bIca saMgharSa kI hai| isameM bhI sadAcArI vyakti ko saccA brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai aura varNavyavasthA kA sambandha janma ke sthAna para karma se batAyA gayA hai|
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________________ pArzva ke yuga meM hI hameM jaina sAhitya meM ina saMgharSoM ke kucha ullekha milate haiN| vastuta: ye saMgharSa mukhyata: karmakANDIya paramparA ko lekara the| jaisA ki suvidita hai ki jaina paramparA hamezA karmakANDoM kA virodha karatI rhii| usakA mukhya bala Antarika zuddhi saMyama aura jJAna kA rahA hai| pArzvanAtha vArANasI ke rAjA azvasena ke putra the| pArzva ko apane bAlyakAla meM sarvaprathama una tApasoM se saMgharSa karanA par3A jo dehadaNDana ko dhArmikatA kA samasta utsa mAna baiThe the aura ajJAnayukta dehadaNDana ko hI dharma ke nAma para prasArita kara rahe the| pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM kamaTha kI eka tApasa ke rUpa meM bahuta prasiddhi thii| yaha paMcAgni tapa karatA thaa| usake paMcAgni tapa meM jJAta yA ajJAta rUpa se aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI thii| pArzva ne use yaha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA ki karmakANDa hI dharma nahIM hai, usameM viveka aura AtmasaMyama Avazyaka hai| kintu AtmasaMyama kA tAtparya bhI mAtra dehadaNDana nahIM hai| pArzva dhArmikatA ke kSetra meM andha-vizvAsa aura jar3akriyAkANDa kA virodha karate haiM aura isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina paramparA ko apanI sthApanA ke lie sarvaprathama jo saMgharSa karanA par3A usakA kendra vArANasI hI thaa| pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke saMgharSa kI sUcanA hameM jaina sAhitya ke tIrthodgAlika tathA Avazyakaniyukti meM milatI hai| pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha kA saMgharSa vastuta: jJAnamArga aura dehadaNDana karmakANDa kA saMgharSa thaa| kamaTha aura pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM ke vivAda kI sUcanA baudhAyanadharmasUtra meM bhI hai| jaina paramparA aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke bIca dUsare saMgharSa kI sUcanA hameM uttarAdhyayanasatra se prApta hotI hai| yaha saMgharSa mUlata: jAtivAda yA brAhmaNavarga kI zreSThatA ko lekara thaa| uttarAdhyayana evaM unakI niyukti se hameM yaha sUcanA prApta hotI hai ki harikezibala aura rudradeva ke bIca evaM jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa ke bIca hone vivAdoM kA mUla kendra vArANasI hI thaa| ye carcAe~ Agama granthoM aura unakI niyuktiyoM aura cUrNiyoM meM upalabdha haiM aura IsApUrva ko zatAbdiyoM meM vArANasI meM jainoM kI sthiti kI sUcanA detI haiN| guptakAla meM vArANasI meM jainoM kI kyA sthiti thI isakA pUrNa vivaraNa to abhI khoja kA viSaya hai| ho sakatA hai ki bhASya aura cUrNI sAhitya se kucha tathya sAmane aayeN| purAtAtvika pramANoM; rAjaghATa se prApta RSabhadeva kI mUrti aura pahAr3apura se prApta gupta saMvat 158 (479 I0) ke eka tAmrapatra se itanA to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya yahA~ jainoM kI bastI thii| yaha tAmrapatra yahA~ sthiti baTagohalI vihAra nAmaka jina-mandira kI sUcanA detA hai| isa vihAra kA prabandha AcArya guNanandi ke ziSya karate the| AcArya guNanandi paMcastUpAnvaya meM hue haiN| paMcastUpAnvaya zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM se bhinna yApanIya sampradAya se sambandhita thaa| isa tAmrapatra se yaha bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki mathurA ke samAna vArANasI meM bhI yApanIyoM kA prabhAva thaa|
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________________ 121 guptakAla kI eka anya ghaTanA jaina AcArya samantabhadra se sambandhita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki guptakAla meM vArANasI meM brAhmaNoM kA ekachatra prabhAva ho gayA thaa| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra samantabhadra ko, jo ki jaina paramparA kI cauthI-pA~cavI zatAbdI ke eka prakANDa vidvAn the, bhasmaka roga ho gayA thA aura isake lie ve dakSiNa se calakara vArANasI Aye the| anuzruti ke anusAra unhoMne yahA~ ziva-mandira meM paurohitya-karma kiyA aura ziva ke pracura naivedya se kSudhA-tRpti karate rhe| kintu eka bAra ve naivedya ko grahaNa karate hue pakar3e gaye aura kathA ke anusAra unhoMne apanI pratiSThA kI rakSA ke lie svayambhUstotra kI racanA aura zivaliMga se candraprabha kI caturmukhI pratimA prakaTa kii| .. yaha kathA eka anuzruti hI hai; kintu isase do-tIna bAteM phalita hotI haiN| prathama to yaha ki samantabhadra ko apanI jJAna-pipAsA ko zAnta karane ke lie anya darzanoM ke jJAna ko arjita karane ke lie sudUra dakSiNa se calakara vArANasI AnA par3A, kyoMki usa samaya bhI vArANasI vidyA kA kendra mAnA jAtA thaa| unake dvArA ziva mandira meM paurohitya karma ko svIkAra karanA sambhavataH yaha batAtA hai ki yA to unheM jaina muni ke veza meM vaidika paramparA ke darzanoM kA adhyayana kara pAnA sambhava na lagA ho athavA yahA~ para jainoM kI bastI itanI nagaNya ho gayI ho ki unheM apanI AjIvikA ke lie paurohitya-karma svIkAra karanA par3A ho| vastuta: unakA yaha chadmavezadhAraNa vidyA arjana ke lie hI huA hogA, kyoMki brAhmaNa paMDita nAstika mAne jAne vAle nagna jaina muni ko vidyA pradAna karane ko sahamata nahIM hue hoNge| isa prakAra jainoM ko vidyA arjana ke lie bhI vArANasI meM saMgharSa karanA par3A hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA hai guptakAla meM bhI kAzI meM jainoM kA astitva rahA hai| yadyapi yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai ki usa kAla meM isa nagara meM jainoM kA kitanA tathA kyA prabhAva thA? purAtAtvika sAkSya hameM kevala yaha sUcanA dete haiM ki usa samaya yahA~ jaina mandira the| kAzI se jo jaina mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM unameM IsA kI lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI kI mahAvIra kI mUrti mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha mUrti sthAnIya bhArata kalA bhavana meM saMrakSita hai (kramAMka 162) / rAjaghATa se prApta neminAtha kI marti lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI kI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha mUrti bhI bhArata kalA bhavana meM hai| ajitanAtha kI bhI lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI kI eka mUrti vArANasI meM upalabdha huI hai jo vartamAna meM rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM hai (kramAMka 49-199) / isI prakAra pArzvanAtha kI bhI lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI kI eka mUrti, jo ki rAjaghATa se prApta huI thI, rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU meM rakhI hai| isase yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI se lekara AThavIM zatI taka vArANasI meM jaina mandira aura mUrtiyA~ thiiN| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki usa kAla meM yahA~ jainoM kI bastI thii|
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________________ 122 punaH navIM, dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke bhI jaina purAtAtvika avazeSa hameM vArANasI meM milate haiN| navI zatAbdI kI vimalanAtha kI eka mUrti sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha haiM (kramAMka 236 ) / punaH rAjaghATa se RSabhanAtha kI eka dasavIM zatAbdI kI mUrti tathA gyArahavIM zatAbdI ko tIrthaMkara mUrti kA zirobhAga upalabdha huA hai| ye mUrtiyA~ bhI bhArata kalA bhavana meM upalabdha haiN| (kramAMka 176 tathA 197) / uparokta adhikAMza mUrtiyoM ke kAlakrama kA nirdhAraNa DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI ne apane lekha "kAzI meM jainadharma aura kalA" meM kiyA hai / 45 hamane unhIM ke AdhAra para yaha kAlakrama prastuta kiyA hai| puna: hameM bArahavIM, terahavIM aura caudahavI zatAbdI kI vArANasI ke sambandha meM prabandhakoza aura vividhatIrthakalpa se sUcanA milatI hai / prabandhakoza meM vArANasI ke rAjA govindacandra aura unake putra vijayacandra46 tathA tejapAla - vastupAla dvArA vArANasI taka ke vividha jina mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra ke ullekha haiM / 47 vividhatIrthakalpa meM vArANasI ke sandarbha meM jo kahA gayA hai, usameM adhikAMza to AgamakAlIna kathAe~ hI haiM kintu vividhatIrthakalpa ke kartA ne isameM harizcandra kI kathA ko bhI jor3a diyA hai| isa grantha se caudahavIM zatAbdI kI vArANasI ke sambandha meM do-tIna sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| " prathama to yaha ki yaha eka vidyA nagarI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta thI aura dUsare paribuddhajanoM (saMnyAsiyoM) evaM brAhmaNoM se paripUrNa thii| vArANasI ke sandarbha meM vividhatIrthakalpakAra ne jo sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa sUcanA dI hai vaha yaha ki vArANasI usa samaya cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita thii| deva vArANasI, jahA~ vizvanAtha kA mandira thA aura vahIM jinacaturviMzati paTTa kI pUjA bhI hotI thii| dUsarI rAjadhAnI vArANasI thI jisameM yavana rahate the| tIsarI madana vArANasI aura cauthI vijaya vArANasI thii| isake sAtha hI inhoMne vArANasI meM pArzvanAtha ke caitya, sAranAtha ke dharmekSA nAmaka stUpa aura candrAvatI meM candraprabha ke jinAlaya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| usa samaya vArANasI meM bandara idhara-udhara kUdA karate the, pazu bhI ghUmA karate the aura dhUrta bhI niHsaMkoca Tahalate the Aja bhI yahI sthiti dikhAI detI hai / 49 jinaprabha ke isa varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne vArANasI kA A~khoM dekhA varNana kiyA hai| deva vArANasI ko vizvanAtha mandira ke Asa-pAsa ke kSetra se jor3A jA sakatA hai| rAjadhAnI vArANasI kA sambandha zrI motIcandra ne Adamapura aura jaitapurA ke kSetroM se batAyA hai| zrI motIcandra ne madana vArANasI ko gAjIpura kI jamaniyA tahasIla meM sthita tathA vijaya vArANasI ko mirjApura ke vijayagar3ha se sambandhita mAnA hai kintu merI dRSTi se madana vArANasI aura vijaya vArANasI banArasa ke hI aMga hone caahie| kahIM madana vArANasI Aja kA madanapurA to nahIM thA ? isI prakAra vijaya vArANasI vartamAna bhelUpura ke Asa-pAsa to sthita nahIM thI / vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki ve isa sambandha meM adhika gaveSaNA kara sUcanA deNge| pandrahavIM - solahavIM aura satrahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM vArANasI meM jainoM kI sthiti ke
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________________ 123 sambandha meM bhI hameM purAtAtvika evaM sAhityika, donoM hI prakAra ke sAkSya milate haiN| prathama to yahA~ ke vartamAna mandiroM kI aneka pratimAyeM isI kAla kI haiN| dUsare isa kAla ke aneka hastalikhita grantha bhI vArANasI ke jaina-bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiN| tIsare isa kAla kI vArANasI ke sambandha meM kucha saMketa hameM kavivara banArasIdAsa ke ardhakathAnaka se mila jAtA hai| banArasIdAsa, jo mUlataH AgarA ke rahane vAle the, apane vyavasAya ke lie kAphI samaya banArasa meM rahe aura unhoMne apanI AtmakathA 'ardhakathAnaka' meM usakA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| unake ullekha ke anusAra 1598 I0 meM jaunapura ke sUbedAra navAba kilaca khAM ne vahA~ ke sabhI jauhariyoM ko pakar3akara banda kara diyA thaa| unhoMneM ardhakathAnaka meM vistAra se solahavIM zatAbdI ke banArasa kA varNana kiyA hai|' yaha grantha adyAvadhi prakAzita hai| 10 satrahavIM zatAbdI meM upAdhyAya yazovijaya nAmaka zvetAmbara jaina muni gujarAta se calakara banArasa apane adhyayana ke lie Aye the| vArANasI sadaiva se vidyA kA kendra rahI aura jaina vidvAn anya dharma-darzanoM ke adhyayana ke lie samaya-samaya para yahA~ Ate rahe / yadyapi yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki isa sambandha meM unheM aneka bAra kaThinAIyoM kA bhI sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| solahavIM, satrahavIM evaM aThArahavIM zatAbdiyoM kI jaina mUrtiyA~ tathA hastalikhita grantha vArANasI meM upalabdha haiM, yadyapi vistRta vivaraNa kA abhAva hI hai| unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM vArANasI meM jainoM kI saMkhyA paryApta thI / vizapa hebara ne usa samaya jainoM ke pArasparika jhagar3oM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAmAnyatayA jaina mandiroM meM anyoM kA praveza varjita thaa| vizapa hebara ko priMsepa aura mekaliyaDa ke sAtha jaina mandira meM praveza kI anumati milI thii| usane apane jaina mandira jAne evaM vahA~ jaina guru se huI usakI bheMTa kA tathA svAgata kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai (dekheMkAzI kA itihAsa, motIcandra, pR0 402- 403) / unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke anta aura bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika dazaka meM jaina AcAryoM ne isa vidyA nagarI ko jaina vidyA ke adhyayana kA kendra banAne ke prayatna kiye| cUMki brAhmaNa adhyApaka sAmAnyatayA jaina ko apanI vidyA nahIM denA cAhate the ataH unake sAmane do hI vikalpa the; yA to chadma veSa meM rahakara anya dharma darzanoM kA jJAna prApta kareM athavA jaina vidyA ke adhyayana-adhyApana kA koI svatantra kendra sthApita kareM / gaNezavarNI aura vijayadharmasUri ne yahA~ svatantrarUpa se jaina vidyA ke adhyayana ke lie pAThazAlAe~ kholane kA nirNaya liyaa| usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa aMgrejI koThI meM yazovijaya pAThazAlA aura bhadainI meM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kI nIMva rakhI gyii| zvetAmbara paramparA ke diggaja jaina vidvAn paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI aura paM0 becaradAsa jI Adi jahA~ yazovijaya pAThazAlA kI upaja haiM vahIM digambara paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0
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________________ 124 kailAzacandrajI Adi syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kI upaja haiN| digambara paramparA ke Aja ke adhikAMza vidvAn syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya se hI nikale haiN| yazovijaya pAThazAlA yadyapi adhika samaya taka nahIM cala sako kintu usane jo vidvAn taiyAra kiye unameM paM0 sukhalAlajI kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina- darzana ke adhyApaka bane aura unhoMne apanI preraNA se pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ko janma diyA, jo ki Aja vArANasI meM jaina vidyA ke ucca adhyayana kA eka pramukha kendra bana cukA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pArzvanAtha ke yuga ke lekara vartamAnakAla taka lagabhaga aTThAisa zatAbdiyoM ke sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM vArANasI meM jainoM kA nirantara astitva rahA hai aura isa nagara ne jaina vidyA aura kalA ke vikAsa meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| saMdarbha : 1. RSibhASita, adhyAya, 31 / 2. AcArAMgasUtra, 2/15 / 945 / 3. bhagavatIsUtra, pR0 23 / 1 / 4. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 11 5. 6. 7. kalpasUtra, 148 vahI, 148 / aMguttaranikAya, 7/290 / kalpasUtra, 148 / motIcandra, kAzI kA itihAsa, pR0 22 / 8. 9. 10. kalpasUtra 1571 11. vahI, 157 / 12 . vahI, 157 13. vahI, 157/ 14. vahI, 156 | 15. RSibhASita, adhyAya 42 / 16. kalpasUtra, 156 / 17. motIcandra, kAzI kA itihAsa, pR0 38 /
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________________ 125 18. caupannamahApuruSacariyaM, 216 / 19. baudhAyanadharmasUtra, 1/9/17/3 / 20. jJAtAdharmakathA, 2/3/2-6 / 21. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 18/49 / 22. antakRtadazAMga, 6/96 / 23. matsyapurANa, 180/68 24. upAsakadazAMga, 4/11 25. vahI, 4/1 / 26. Avazyakaniyukti, 517 tathA upAsakadazAMga, 4/1 / 27. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 12 aura 25 / 28. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vArANasI nAma NayarI hotthA, vnno| tIseNaM vANArasIe nayarIe bahiyA uttara-puracchime disibhAge gaMgAe mahAnadIe mayaMga tIrabahe nAmaM dahe hotthaa| - jJAtAdharmakathA, 4/2 ! 29. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, adhyAya 12, pR0 225 / 30. kalpasUtra, 153 / 31. upAsakadazAMga, 3/124, Avazyakaniyukti, 1302 / 32. nirayAvali, 3/3 / 33. antakRdazAMga, 6/16 / 34. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, adhyAya 12, pR0 355 / 35. aupapAtikasUtra, 74 / 36. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 12 / 37. matsyapurANa, 180/6-20 evaM 180/88-99 uddhRta kAzI kA itihAsa, pR0 33) 38. kAzI kA itihAsa, pR0 32-33 / 39. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, adhyAya 13, pRSTha 355 / 40. tiirthodgaalik| 41. aavshykniyukti| 42. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 12 evaM 25 / 43. kAzI kA itihAsa, pR0 100 /
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________________ 126 44. DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pR0 33 / 45. DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI, kAzI meM jainadharma aura klaa| 46. prbndhkosh-hrsskviprbndh| 47. vahI, vstupaalprbndh| 48. vividhatIrthakalpa, vArANasI klp| 49. vahI! 50. ardhakathAnaka uddhRta, kAzI kA itihAsa, pR0 2101