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________________ ***** caturtha khaNDa : jainadarzana - cintana ke vividha AyAma 247 jaina-nyAya kA punarvIkSaNa D DA0 saMgamalAla pANDeya M.A., Ph.D. [ rIDara, darzana vibhAga ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ] [ bIsavIM zatI ke naiyAyikoM ne siddha kara diyA hai ki nyAyazAstra yA lAjika kA sIdhA sambandha kisI vizeSa tattvamImAMsA yA meTAphijiksa se nahIM hai| nyAyazAstra tattvamImAMsA se svatantra hai aura vaha eka AkAra zAstra ( phArmala sAinsa) hai / jaba bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne kahA thA ki 'kANAdaM pANinIyaM ca sarvazAstropakArakam' arthAt nyAyazAstra ( kaNAdatarkazAstra) aura vyAkaraNa (pANinI-vyAkaraNa) sabhI zAstroM ke upakAraka haiM, taba unakA bhI yahI abhiprAya thA / jaise vyAkaraNazAstra sabhI prakAra ke darzanoM kA upakAraka hai vaise hI tarkazAstra yA nyAyazAstra bhI una sabakA upakAraka hai / saMkSepa meM sabhI darzanoM kA eka hI nyAyazAstra hai, jaise una sabhI kA eka hI vyAkaraNa hai| ataH darzanoM kI vividhatA se nyAyazAstra kI vividhatA nahIM siddha hotI hai / ************+- +++ parantu madhyayuga meM sAmpradAyikatA kA bolabAlA hone ke kAraNa bhArata ke prasiddha darzanoM ne apanA-apanA tarkazAstra bhI banAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| mokSAkara gupta (1100 I0) ne bauddhadarzana ke dRSTikoNa se tarkabhASA likhI / kezava mizra (1274 I0) yAziSika darzana ke anusAra tarkabhASA likhI aura yazovijayajI (1650 I0) ne jaMga ke anusAra tarkabhASA likhI / sampradAyAnusAra tarkazAstra tathA nyAyazAstra para grantha likhane kI paramparA Aja bhI bauddhoM, jainiyoM aura hinduoM meM dekhI jA rahI hai| yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki yaha prayAsa tArkika nahIM hai, isase tarkazAstra kA vikAsa nahIM ho rahA hai| ataH bhAratIya dArzanikoM ko nyAyazAstra kA punarvIkSaNa karanA hai| eka hI tarkazAstra hai; usakA vivecana yadi kisI vizeSa sampradAya kA anuyAyI apane sampradAya ke DhaMga se karatA hai to tarkazAstra kA ahita karatA hai / tarkazAstra eka hai isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki bauddhoM, jainoM vA anya bhAratIya darzana ke anuyAyiyoM ne tarkazAstra meM apanA viziSTa yogadAna nahIM kiyA hai| parantu apanA viziSTa yogadAna karane para bhI koI bauddha yA jaina yA vaidika darzana kA anuyAyI tarkazAstra ko apane sampradAya kA hI aMga banAne meM saphala nahIM huA hai| tarkazAstra kI gati sabhI sampradAyoM se gujaratI huI bhI vastutaH unase nirapekSa hai| isa dRSTi se jaina nyAya ke punarvIkSaNa kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki jaina naiyAyikoM ne mUla rUpa meM bauddhoM tathA nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke nyAya granthoM kA anuzIlana karake unakI samIkSA kI aura eka sarvatantra - svatantra tarkazAstra kI sthApanA kA prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne kahIM boddha-nyAya kA koI siddhAnta mAnA to kahIM nyAya-vaizeSika kA aura kahIM apanA nijI siddhAnta sujhaayaa| isa dRSTi se unhoMne bhAratIya nyAyazAstra kA vikAsa kiyA jisake pariprekSya meM jaina nyAya kA anuzIlana karanA vizeSa rUpa se vAMchanIya hai / parantu abhI taka jaina-nyAya ke jitane anuzIlana hue haiM unameM yaha bhAratIya athavA zuddha tArkika dRSTikoNa nahIM ubharA hai| una para mahAmahopAdhyAya satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ke grantha " e hisTarI Apha iNDiyana lAjika 1" ( bhAratIya tarkazAstra kA itihAsa ) kA bar3A prabhAva rahA hai| yaha grantha 1920 I0 meM sarvaprathama prakAzita huA thA aura aba yaha paravartI zodha- nibandhoM ke dvArA kAlAtIta tathA aprAmANika siddha ho gayA hai| kintu phira bhI isakA prabhAva O
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________________ 248 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha samakAlIna jaina naiyAyikoM para par3a rahA hai| ata: isa grantha kI bhayaMkara kamiyoM ko dikhAnA jaina nyAya ke punarvIkSaNa kI bhUmikA taiyAra karanA hai| vidyAbhUSaNajI ne hindU, jaina, bauddha tarkazAstroM kA itihAsa likhA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jaina tarkazAstra tathA bauddha tarkazAstra madhyayugIna bhAratIya tarkazAstra haiM aura gautamIya nyAya paramparA prAcIna bhAratIya tarkazAstra hai tathA gaMgeza nyAya paramparA Adhunika bhAratIya tarkazAstra hai / ve kahate haiM-"prAcIna tarkazAstra pramANa, prameya Adi 16 padArthoM kA vivecana karatA hai|......"aur madhyayugIna tarkazAstra kevala eka padArtha arthAt pramANa kA vivecana karatA hai|"2 phira Adhunika tarkazAstra kA Arambha unhoMne gaMgeza likhita "tattva-cintAmaNi" se mAnA hai aura use tarkazAstra kA yuga kahA hai jabaki prAcIna kAla ko nyAyazAstra kA yuga aura madhyayugIna kAla ko pramANazAstra kA yuga kahA hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra meM bhI pramANa kA hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| parantu madhyayugIna pramANazAstra se yaha isa bAta meM bhinna hai ki isameM zuddha paribhASA para bahuta adhika bala hai aura isa kAraNa pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna tathA zabda-ina cAroM pramANoM aura unake aMgoM ke vivecana meM aneka tArkika matoM kI avatAraNA huI hai| vAstava meM vidyAbhUSaNa kA kArya nyAyazAstra ke kSetra meM eka yuga-pravartaka kA kArya rahA hai| unhoMne sarvaprathama prAcIna hindU, jaina, bauddha tathA navIna hindU tarkazAstroM ko ekatra kiyA aura eka aitihAsika tathA vikAsAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI bhUmikA taiyAra kii| kintu unakA kArya nyAyazAstra kI eka vaise hI DAirekTarI banAne taka sImita raha gayA jaise dUrabhASaNa vibhAga dvArA TelIphona DAirekTarI banAyI jAtI hai| unake grantha meM unake samaya taka samyak sAta tarkazAstriyoM ke nAma, deza, kAla, grantha, siddhAnta, jAti aura dharma kA patA cala jAtA hai tathA isake atirikta usameM kucha aura nahIM hai / Aja ke sandarbha meM unakA itihAsa yA kahie DAirekTarI nissandeha kAlAtIta aura bhrAmaka hai| kyoMki Aja aneka anya tattvoM kA udghATana ho gayA hai jo pahale ajJAta the / udAharaNa ke lie jaina tarkazAstra ke sambandha meM unake itihAsa kI nimnalikhita sUcanAe~ Aja galata siddha ho rahI haiM (1) ve (abhayadevasUri) vAdamahArNava nAmaka tArkika grantha tathA sanmatitarkasUtra kI TIkA tattvArthabodhavidhAyinI ke lekhaka aura prasiddha tarkazAstrI the| Aja abhayadevasuri kI TIkA prakAzita hai| usake adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki vAdamahArNava vAstava meM sanmati tarkasUtra kI unakI TIkA tattvArtha-bodhavidhAyinI kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| usameM aneka vAdoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isalie usakA nAma vAdamahArNava hai / isa prakAra vAdamahArNava aura tattvArthabodhavidhAyanI do grantha nahIM haiM, kintu eka hI grantha ke do nAma haiN| vidyAbhUSaNa ne unheM do grantha samajha liyA thaa| (2) bauddhavAdivijetA mallavAdI dharmottara TippaNakAra mallavAdI se abhinna hai, aisA mata vidyAbhUSaNajI ne vyakta kiyA hai| kintu yaha mata galata hai| bauddhavAdivijetA mallavAdI dvAdazAranayacakra ke praNetA haiM aura unakA eka grantha sanmatitarka para bhASya ke rUpa meM bhI thA jo upalabdha nahIM hai| kintu dvAdazAranayacakra prakAzita hai aura isake praNetA mallavAdI hI jaina tarkazAstra meM zreSTha tArkika ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| dharmottara TippaNa ke racayitA ina mallavAdI se bhinna haiN| Azcarya hai ki vidyAbhUSaNajI ko dvAdazAranayacakra tathA mallavAdI kRta sanmatitarkaprakaraNa TIkA kI sUcanA taka nahIM hai| vAstava meM unako sanmatitarkaprakaraNa kI bhI sUcanA nahIM thI aura na unhoMne isa grantha ko dekhA hI thaa| siddhasena divAkara kA yaha grantha jaina tarkazAstra kA eka prabhAvaka grantha mAnA jAtA hai| ina siddhasena divAkara tathA nyAyAvatAra ke praNetA siddhasena divAkara meM abhinnatA nahIM hai| kintu vidyAbhUSaNajI ne donoM ko abhinna kara diyA hai| (3) vidyAbhUSaNajI ne pramANanayatattvAloka aura pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra ko eka hI grantha mAna liyA hai| parantu vAstava meM pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra pramANanayatattvAloka kI TIkA hai| donoM hI grantha devasUri ke haiN| unhoMne apane mUla grantha para svayaM TIkA likhI hai / pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra kA hI dUsarA nAma syAdvAdaratnAkara hai| ___isa prakAra jaina tarkavidoM ke nAma, grantha tathA kAla ke bAre meM vidyAbhUSaNa ke itihAsa meM kAphI truTiyA~ haiM jinako dUra karake hI unake grantha se lAbha uThAyA jA sakatA hai| parantu tarkazAstra ke itihAsa ko mAtra tarkazAstriyoM aura unake granthoM kI nAmAvalI nahIM honA cAhie / usako tarkazAstra ke svarUpa kA udghATana karanA cAhie aura jisa prakriyA se tarkazAstra kA vikAsa hotA hai usakA paricaya denA caahie| vidyAbhUSaNa kA grantha ina donoM kAryoM ko pUrA nahIM karatA hai| jaina tarkazAstra kA hI udAharaNa lekara hama jAna sakate haiM ki isa grantha se jaina tarkazAstra ke svarUpa aura usake vikAsa kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai athavA yadi usase kucha jJAna hotA hai to vaha bilkula bhrAmaka hai| Saiko0 ORARIES
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________________ caturtha khaNDa : jainadarzana-cintana ke vividha AyAma 246 . + + - ++++++++ + ++ + + + + + ++ + + ++ ++ + ++++ +++ + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++++ + ++++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + ++ ++++ + ++ ++ jaina tarkazAstra ke svarUpa ke bAre meM to vidyAbhUSaNa atyanta aspaSTa tathA bhrAmaka kathana karate haiN| ve kahate haiM-- "jainiyoM ke dvArA madhyayugIna tarkazAstra para likhe gaye grantha jaina tarkazAstra haiN|"7 parantu jainiyoM ne bauddha tarkazAstra tathA hindU tarkazAstra para bhI grantha likhe haiN| kyA ye grantha jaina tarkazAstra ke antargata Ate haiM ? spaSTa hai ki vidyAbhUSaNa ne jaina tarkazAstra kI jo paribhASA dI hai usake andara ye grantha bhI jaina tarkazAstra ke antargata haiN| kintu sAmAnyataH inheM jaina tarkazAstra ke antargata nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| spaSTa jAnakArI ke lie yahA~ yaha nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai ki mallavAdI ne dharmakIti ke nyAyabindu para TIkA likhane vAle dharmottara kI TIkA para eka TippaNa likhA hai, kalyANacanda ne dharmakIrti ke pramANavAtika para eka TIkA likhI hai, aura haribhadra sUri ne dignAga ke ziSya zaMkara svAmI ke nyAya-praveza para eka TIkA likhI hai tathA zrIcanda ne usa para eka TippaNa likhA hai| isa prakAra kucha jainiyoM ne bauddhoM ke tarkazAstra ke Upara grantha likhe haiN| isI prakAra kucha jainiyoM ne hindU tarkazAstra para bhI grantha likhe haiN| udAharaNa ke lie, rAjazekhara sUri ne zrIdhara kI nyAyakandalI para paMjikA nAmaka eka TIkA likhI hai| yahI nahIM, hemacandra sUri kI pramANa mImAMsA se patA calatA hai ki ve AcArya vAtsyAyana ke anusAra nyAya kA viSaya-kSetra, uddeza, lakSaNa tathA parIkSA mAnate haiN| phira DA0 darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA ne dikhalAyA hai ki digambara paramparA ke tAkikoM ne apane tarka-granthoM meM nyAya aura vaizeSika paramparA ke paMcAvayavoM para hI cintana kiyA hai, kyoMki ve hI sabase adhika loka prasiddha, cacita aura sAmAnya the| phira jinezvara sUri ne pramAlakSyakArikA aura usa para svopajJavRtti likhakara siddha kiyA hai ki pahale zvetAmbara paramparA meM pramANazAstra nahIM thA aura unhoMne apanA grantha likhakara isa paramparA meM pramANazAstra kA zubhArambha kiyA hai| ina saba tathyoM se siddha hai ki jaina nyAya prAcIna hindU tathA madhyayugIna bauddha nyAya se svatantra nahIM hai| phira hindU tathA bauddha nyAyoM kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa karane para patA calatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne prAyaH bauddha nyAya kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura hindU nyAya kA samarthana kiyA hai / ataeva yaha niSkarSa saralatA se nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnyataH jaina nyAya prAcIna hindU nyAya ke hI antargata hai aura prAcIna hindU nyAya kI bhUmikA meM hI jainiyoM ne kucha apane tArkika siddhAntoM ko vikasita kiyA hai / parantu unakA maulika yogadAna itanA nahIM hai ki hama unake AdhAra para jaina-nyAya kI kalpanA prAcIna hindU-nyAya se svatantra yA pRthak karake kara skeN| eka bAta aura hai| jisa prakAra gautama kA nyAyasUtra prAcIna hindU nyAya kA mUla grantha hai, gaMgeza kA tattvacintAmaNi Adhunika hindU nyAya kA mUla grantha hai aura dharmakIti ke nyAyabindu tathA pramANavAtika bauddha nyAya ke mUla grantha haiM usa prakAra jaina nyAya kA koI mUla grantha nahIM hai| kucha jainAcAryoM ke liye sanmatitarka aura kucha ke liye nyAyAvatAra mUla grantha haiM, to kucha ke liye mANikyanandi kA parIkSAmukha aura kucha ke liye akalaMka ke AptamImAMsA aura nyAya-vinizcaya / svayaM akalaMka samantabhadra kI paramparA meM Ate haiN| ataeva samantabhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, vasunandi, anantavIrya tathA vAdirAja eka paramparA meM haiM jinheM hama samantabhadra-paramparA kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki ina sabhI logoM ne samantabhadra kI paramparA meM Ane vAle akalaMka ke granthoM para bhASya likhe haiN| isI prakAra mANikyanandi kI paramparA meM prabhAcandra, anantavIrya, cArukIti, ajitasena tathA zAntiSeNa Ate haiN| phira sanmatikAra siddhasena divAkara kI paramparA hai jisameM sumati, mallavAdI aura abhayadevasUri Ate haiM, tathA nyAyAvatArakAra siddhasena divAkara kI paramparA hai jisameM siddharSi, zAntisUri aura devabhadra Ate haiM / devasUri ne apanI pRthak paramparA banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai jisameM ratnaprabhasUri, rAjazekhara aura jJAnacandra Ate haiN| ina paramparAoM se haTakara kAlikAla-sarvajJa hemacandra tathA yazovijaya jaise svatantra vicAraka haiN| ina sabhI paramparAoM kI samAlocanA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kaI jainiyoM ne nyAyazAstra meM eka mUla grantha likhane kA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu koI aisA mUla grantha sthira nahIM huA jisako lekara sabhI jaina tarkavid apane-apane cintana kA vikAsa karate / ataH spaSTa hai ki jainiyoM ne tarkazAstra kI kucha samasyAoM para hI adhika cintana kiyA hai aura sampUrNa tarkazAstra ke nikAya para unakA koI apanA abhimata nahIM hai| sAmAnyataH tarkazAstra ke kSetra meM ve gautamIya nyAya ke hI anuyAyI haiM / ataH vidyAbhUSaNa ne jaina nyAya ko gautamIya nyAya se jo pRthak kiyA hai vaha tarkataH sahI nahIM hai aura usase jaina nyAya ke svarUpa ko samajhA nahIM jA sakatA hai| jaina-darzana meM mukhyataH sanmatikAra siddhasena divAkara, nyAyAvatArakAra siddhasena, akalaMka, mANikyanandi, devasUri tathA hemacandra tarkazAstra ke mUla grantha likhane vAle haiM / sanmatikAra siddhasena divAkara ko abhayadevasUri, akalaMka ko vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi ko prabhAcandra, devasUri ko ratnaprabhasUri tathA hemacandra ko malliSeNa jaise suyogya aura vidvAn bhASyakAra mila gaye jisake kAraNa inake granthoM kA Adara jaina-darzana meM vizeSa ho gyaa| isa prakAra yadyapi inhoMne
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________________ / 250 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha raNa kisI pada kI paribhAva aura para ke avabhAsaka ko visaMvAdA jJAna" pramANa janadarzana ko eka mUla nyAya-grantha dene kA prayAsa kiyA tathApi ve saphala nahIM hue kyoMki prathamataH inake racita tarkazAstra mUlataH gautamIya nyAya kI paramparA meM the aura dvitIyataH ina mUlagranthakAroM ne apanI-apanI pRthak paribhASAe~ dene kA prayAsa kiyA jisake kAraNa kisI pada kI paribhASA kI ekatA sampAdita na ho skii| udAharaNa ke liye, pramANa kI paribhASA jaina-darzana meM eka nahIM hai| samantabhadra 'sva aura para ke avabhAsaka' ko pramANa kahate haiM / nyAyAvatArakAra isameM 'bAdhavivarjita' vizeSaNa jor3a dete haiN| akalaMka kahate haiM "anadhigatArthaka avisaMvAdI jJAna" pramANa hai| vidyAnanda 'samyak jJAna' ko pramANa batAte haiM aura samyakajJAna kA artha "svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna" karate haiN| AcArya mANikyanandi isameM 'apUrva' jor3akara kahate haiM ki 'sva-apUrva-artha-vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna' pramANa hai / antataH hemacandra 'samyak arthanirNaya' ko pramANa kahate haiN| isI prakAra pratyeka tArkika pada kI paribhASA jaina AcAryoM ne bhinna bhinna prakAra se kI hai / paribhASA meM ekarUpatA na hone ke kAraNa unake yahA~ koI sarvamAnya pramANazAstra na ho skaa| parantu unhoMne pramANa ke niyAmaka tattvoM kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai jo gautamIya nyAya ke kSetra meM unakA eka viziSTa yogadAna hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina takavidoM ne gautamIya nyAya kI samasyAoM para acchA vicAra kiyA hai| Upara ke vivecana se yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki jaina nyAya madhyayugIna bhAratIya tarkazAstra nahIM hai| vaha vAstava meM prAcIna nyAya hai / mahAvIra svAmI (596-527 I0 pU0), prathama vRddha bhadrabAhu (I0 pU0 tRtIya zatI), umAsvAti (prathama zatI I0), bhadrabAhu (I0 375), siddhasena divAkara (480 I0), samantabhadra (600 I0), akalaMka (700 I0), mANikyanandi (800 I0), mallavAdI (827 I0), hemacandra (1100 I0), mallisena (1262 I0), yazovijaya (17vIM zatI), tathA paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI (20vIM zatI) Adi jaina vidvAnoM ne tarkazAstra kA cintana kiyA hai, jisake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka jaina tarkazAstra kA anuzIlana ho rahA hai / ata: vaha madhyayugIna tarkazAstra nahIM hai / use Adhunika tarkazAstra bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki navya nyAya kA khaNDana yazovijayajI ne kiyA hai aura prAcIna nyAya ke samarthana meM kaI grantha likhe haiN| phira kisI jaina AcArya ne navya-nyAya ke samarthana meM koI grantha nahIM likhA hai| vidyAbhUSaNa ne jina jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para jaina tarkazAstra kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, ve haiM siddhasena divAkara kA nyAyAvatAra', umAsvAti kA 'tattvArthAdhigamasUtra', samantabhadra kI 'AptamImAMsA', mANikyanandi kA parIkSAmukha' aura devasUri kA 'prmaannnynttvaalokaalNkaar'| ina cAra granthoM ke atirikta zeSa anya granthoM kA kevala nAmollekha unhoMne kiyA hai| ina granthoM ke viSayoM kA nirUpaNa karane meM bhI punarukti-doSa hai aura vikAsAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA abhAva hai| jaina tarkazAstra ke manISI jAnate haiM ki jaina nyAya ke zreSTha aura prAmANika granthoM meM vidyAnanda ke aSTasahasrI tathA tattvArthazlokavAtika aura prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa tathA nyAyakumudacandra Ate haiN| ina granthoM kI viSaya-sAmagrI kA pratipAdana kiye binA jaina nyAya ke maulika siddhAntoM kA samajhanA kaThina hai| vidyAbhUSaNa ke itihAsa-grantha meM ina granthoM kI viSaya sAmagrI kA lezamAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai| phira akalaMka aura mallavAdI jaise tAkika cUr3AmaNiyoM ke vicAroM kA bhI vahA~ ullekha taka nahIM hai| ata: jaina tarkazAstra ke mahattvapUrNa yogadAnoM kI jAnakArI vidyAbhUSaNa ke grantha se nahIM ho sakatI hai| AcArya sukhalAla saMghavI, dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, kailAzacandra zAstrI Adi ke granthoM se yaha jAnakArI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| vAstava meM vidyAbhUSaNajI ne jo nahIM kiyA usakA vivaraNa bahuta adhika hai aura usake AdhAra para unake grantha kA mUlyAMkana karanA ThIka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / unhoMne jo kucha likhA hai usake AdhAra para usakA mUlyAMkana honA caahie| isa dRSTi se dekhane para unake grantha meM cintana aura sRjana ke jo kucha bIja milate haiM unameM bhI unakI aspaSTatA tathA bhUla kI chApa hai / syAdvAda aura nayavAda jaina tarkazAstra kI pramukha vizeSatAeM haiN| syAdvAda kA anubAda unhoMne 'May be assertion' (saMbhAvya kathana)11 kiyA hai jo ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki syAdvAda pramANanaya hai, na ki saMbhAvya naya / phira saptabhaMgI naya kA anuvAda unhoMne Seven fold paralogism (saptavidha paramarthAbhAsa) 12 kiyA hai jo atyanta galata hai / nayavAda kI vyAkhyA unhoMne kaI DhaMga se karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| umAsvAti ke prasaMga meM ve naya ko mood of statement (kathana kA bhaMga yA zailI) kahate haiM13 tathA siddhasena divAkara ke prasaMga meM ve use method of description yA comprehension (varNana kI zailI yA grahaNa kI rIti)14 kahate haiN| phira devasUri ke prasaMga meM ve isako kevala grahaNa zailI kahate haiM / 15 ina vyAkhyAoM se spaSTa hai ki naya ke bAre meM unakI dhAraNA saMpuSTa nahIM thii| unhoMne nayavAda aura syAdvAda tathA naya aura pramANa ke sambandhoM kI vyAkhyA karane kA bhI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai| vAstava meM yadi ve naya ko kathana kA bhaMga mAnakara cale hote aura isa dRSTi se nayavAda kI susaMgata vyAkhyA kI hotI
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________________ caturtha khaNDa : jainadarzana-cintana ke vividha AyAma 251 . to unakA nayavAda-vivecana atyanta samIcIna hotA aura usakA mahattva jaina tarkazAstra ke AgAmI vikAsa meM adhika AMkA jaataa| kintu apanI isa nUtana dRSTi ko chor3akara unhoMne svayaM eka bhrAmaka aura aspaSTa dRSTikoNa apanAyA jisase nayavAda kA vivecana tarkataH ThIka nahIM huA hai| punazca zuddha tarkazAstra ke viSayoM para bhI jaina AcAryoM kI jo maulika dene haiM unakA bhI vivecana vidyAbhUSaNa nahIM kara paaye| udAharaNa ke lie, trilakSaNaka-darzana arthAt dignAga ke bhairUpyavAda kA khaNDana tathA hetu ko sadaiva anyathAnupannatva-rUpa mAnanA jaina-tarkazAstriyoM kA eka maulika siddhAnta hai jisakA vivecana jaina tarkazAstra meM honA Avazyaka hai| parantu vidyAbhUSaNa ke grantha meM isakA kahIM ullekha taka nahIM hai| vAstava meM prAcIna bhAratIya nyAyazAstra tattvamImAMsAtmaka tarkazAstra (Metaphysical logic) hai aura isakA mUlAdhAra eka vastuvAdI tattvamImAMsA hai| jainadarzana vaise hI vastuvAdI hai jaise nyAyadarzana yadyapi donoM ke vastuvAda meM kucha mahattvapUrNa antara hai| kintu tarka ke dRSTikoNa se donoM meM tattvamImAMsA aura tarkazAstra kA eka hI sambandha hai| isa sambandha ko bauddha nyAya ne ulaTane-palaTane kA prayAsa kiyA aura eka aisA tarkazAstra diyA jo sindhAntataH tattvamImAMsA se svatantra yA mukta thaa| hindU aura jaina donoM tarkazAstriyoM ne isa svatantra tarkazAstra kA khaNDana kiyaa| isa prakAra madhyayuga meM bauddha tarkazAstra ke khaNDana ke rUpa meM donoM meM paryApta ekatA ho gyii| kintu vidyAbhUSaNa ke itihAsa meM isa khaNDana tathA khaNDana-sAmya kA varNana taka nahIM hai| unhoMne yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA mAna lI hai ki tattvamImAMsA-bheda se tarkazAstra-bheda ho jAtA hai aura prAcIna hindU tarkazAstra, jaina tarkazAstra tathA bauddha tarkazAstra eka-dUsare se pRthaka haiN| bhAratIya tarkazAstra kA itihAsa likhane vAle ve prathama vyakti haiN| ataH unakI dRSTi meM bhAratIya tarkazAstra ke saMpratyaya kA na AnA Azcaryajanaka pratIta hotA hai| unakI dRSTi Adi se anta taka sAmpradAyika banI raha gaI hai aura ve sampradAya nirapekSa bhAratIya tarkazAstra kI akhaNDatA aura pragatizIlatA kA pratipAdana na kara ske| jaina AcArya tarkazAstra kA prayoga anekAntavAda ko siddha karane ke lie karate the| ve tarkazAstra ko tarkazAstra ke lie nahIM par3hate-par3hAte the| unake lie tarkazAstra tattvamImAMsA ke antargata hai| yahI dRSTi prAcIna gautamIya nyAya kI bhI hai / ataeva jaina nyAya yA jaina tarkazAstra jaisA koI viSaya yA zAstra nahIM hai| vaha gautamIya nyAyazAstra kA hI jainiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA anuzIlana hai| unakA koI apanA sAmpradAyika tarkazAstra nahIM hai, kintu yaha unakA doSa na hokara guNa hai ; kyoMki unhoMne sampradAya-nirapekSa hokara tarkazAstra ko vikasita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| vAstava meM jaina tarkazAstriyoM ne hI sarvaprathama sampradAya-nirapekSa bhAratIya tarkazAstra ko janma dene kA prayAsa kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha jainiyoM ne gautamIya nyAya kI paramparA ke granthoM para bhASya likhe to kucha ne bauddha nyAya kI paramparA ke granthoM para aura kucha ne tarkazAstra ke apane-apane mUla grantha likhe| sabhI jaina AcAryoM ke lie koI eka tarka-paramparA mAnya nahIM rahI hai| isa prakAra tarka-zAstra ke kSetra meM ve sAmpradAyikatA se mukta the| vartamAna yuga meM "bauddha nyAya' zabdAvalI kA anukaraNa karake kucha loga "jaina nyAya" zabdAvalI kA prayoga karane lage haiN| kintu yaha suSThu prayoga nahIM hai kyoMki jaina nyAya nAmaka koI svatantra zAstra nahIM hai| vaha prAcIna bhAratIya tarkazAstra ke antargata hai| ataeva usako sAmpradAyikatA kA jAmA pahanAnA tarkazAstra ko usake kSetra se khIMcakara vivAdoM ke dala-dala meM le jAnA hai / Adhunika yuga meM tattvamImAMsA-nirapekSa jisa tarkazAstra ke svarUpa kA udghATana ho gayA hai usake anusAra hI tathAkathita jaina nyAya kA vivecana karanA upayukta hai| ata: 'bhAratIya nyAyazAstra kA itihAsa' ke lekhaka vidyAbhUSaNa ne tarkazAstra kI sAmpradAyikatA kA jo bIja bo diyA hai usako naSTa kara denA hai aura Age nahIM bar3hane denA hai| jaina-nyAya, jainatarkazAstra, jainapramANazAstra Adi padAvaliyA~ bhrAmaka haiN| jaise jaina rAmAyaNa aura bauddha rAmAyaNa kA artha rAmAyaNa se bhinna nahIM hai varan jainiyoM tathA bauddhoM dvArA likhA gayA rAmAyaNa hai, vaise hI nyAya aura bauddha nyAya tathA jaina nyAya padAvaliyA~ bhI haiN| inakA kucha aisA artha karanA ki jaina nyAya aura bauddha nyAya usa nyAya se pUrNataH vaise hI bhinna hai jaise jaina tattvamImAMsA aura bauddha tattvamImAMsA vedAnta kI tattvamImAMsA se bhinna hai, bilakula galata hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina nyAya, jaina tarkazAstra, tathA jaina pramANazAstra kevala saMvegAtmaka paribhASAe~ haiM aura inakA vAstavika artha kevala jaina AcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA tarkazAstra kA vivecana hai| isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki tarkazAstra ke kisI siddhAnta para jaina mata kI tattva
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________________ dho. 252 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana anya mImAMsA kA itanA prabhAva par3A hai ki vaha tarkazAstra jaina tarkazAstra ho gayA hai / jaina tarkavidoM ne jina tArkika siddhAntoM ko vikasita kiyA hai unako janetara tarkavida bhI vikasita kara sakate the, vikasita kiye haiM, kyoMki ina siddhAntoM meM jainatva nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke lie trilakSaNaka darzana meM aura hetu ko eka mAtra anyathAnupannatva-rUpa mAnane meM jainadarzana kA koI siddhAnta nihita nahIM hai / ve zuddha tAkika siddhAnta haiM jinheM janetara bhI mAnate hai, mAna sakate haiN| bolate kSaNa-0--0-0--0--0--0--0---0--0--0-0--0--0--0--01-0--0-01-0-0--0--2 saccA oNTogrApha byAvara ke kAleja meM Apa bhASaNa dekara jyoM hI bAhara Aye tyoM hI aneka vidyArthiyoM ne Apako ghera liyA jo oNTogrApha lene ke utsuka the / apanI lekhanI aura DAyarI ApazrI kI ora bar3hAte hue kahA-isameM hamAre lie kucha likha 1 diijie| ApazrI ne muskarAte hue kahA-maiMne jo pravacana meM bAteM kahIM haiM unheM / hI jIvana meM utArane kA prayAsa kro| yahI merA saccA ATogrApha hai| Bho------------------------------------------0-0--0-bolate kSaNa 1 e hisTrI Ava iNDiyana lAjika, ma. ma. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa 1971, pR0 158 / ? He was an eminent logician and author of Vadamaharnava, a treatise on logic called the Ocean of Discussions, and of a Commentary on the Sanmati-Tarka-Sutra called Tattvartha bodha Vidhyayini, pRSTha 196-197 / 3 dekhie sanmati prakaraNa, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda 1963 meM paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI kI prastAvanA, pR0 78 / 4 e hisTrI Ava iNDiyana lAjika, pR0 194-165 / 5 sanmati prakaraNa, anuvAdaka sukhalAla saMghavI, prastAvanA pR0 46 / 6 jaina nyAya, kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1966, pR0 19 tathA janatarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, darabArI lAla jaina koThiyA, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, eTA 1966, pariziSTa 4 pR. 287.288 (donoM siddhasenoM ke pRthakatva, kAla-nirNaya tathA grantha) 8 pramANa mImAMsA, hemacandra, DA. satkAri mukarjI dvArA saMpAdita tathA anUdita (aMgrejI meM) 9 jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, DA0 darabArI lAla jaina koThiyA, pR0 187 / 10 nyAyAvatAravAtikavRtti paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, TippaNI / 11 e hisTrI Ava iNDiyana lAjika, pR0 167 12 vahI, pR0 167 13 vahI, pR0 170 14 vahI, pR0 181 15 vahI, pR0 203 Jain Education Internationat