Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ -O -O jaina-kathA-sAhitya meM nArI DaoN0 zrImatI suzIlA jaina mohana nivAsa, koThI roDa, ujjaina kathA, vibhAnti, jAgRti udbodhana, Atmacintana, tacvanirUpaNa, vividha kalA-parijJAna-saMcaraNa, divyAnubhUti mAnavocita aneka vastusvabhAva parizIlana Adi kA sahaja srota hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AdikAla se manISiyoM kA kathA sAhitya ke prati svAbhAvika AkarSaNa hai| yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki mAnava-saMskRti ke sAtha hI yaha kayA anusyUta hai / vizva kA koI aisA aMga nahIM hai jo kathA kI paridhi meM samAhita na huA ho| cIMTI se lekara gajarAja taka vAstavikatA isake pAtra haiM evaM dharatI kA aNu parvatarAja kI vizAla kAya ko lekara kathA kA kathAnaka banA hai| kalpanA, ke veza meM alaMkRta hokara kahAnI kI sarjanA karatI hai, sUrya ise Alokita karatA hai, candramA apanI zItala kiraNoM se isakI thakAna miTAtA hai, sAgara apanI laharoM se isake pairoM ko prakSAlita karatA hai, sumana apanI saurabha se use nitya surabhita karatA rahatA hai| vIroM kI talavAreM kathA ke prAMgaNa meM camakatI haiM, vanavAsiyoM ke tAra kathA ke mAdhyama se svarga taka pahu~cate haiM, rAjAoM ke gahana nyAya kahAnI kI taralatA se sarvamAnya banate haiM evaM nArI ke vividha ramyarUpa AkhyAyikA ke AkhyAna banakara mAnava ko vimohita karate rahate haiM / mahArAjA se lekara raMka taka apanI saralatA - komalatA kSamA santoSavRtti Adi ko sAhitya kI isa kamanIya vidhA se ramyarUpAyita kiyA karate haiN| aitihAsikatA, kathA kI abhivyakti se hI to sarvamAnya banI hai| bhAratIya nArI kI lambI yAtrA isa kathA - sAhitya meM isa prakAra gumphita huI hai ki isakA pratyeka caraNa kahIM apUrita hai to kahIM saMtrAsoM se udvelita huA hai| vahIM isakA prathama adhyAya ojapUrNa hai to kahIM usakI madhya rUpa. rekhA dayanIya sthiti se AkAnta hai| lekina ina vividha rUpoM meM nArI kA bahuvidha rUpa kahIM bhI asthira nahIM ho sakatA hai / kitane atyAcAra, anAcAra evaM bIbhatsa dRzya isa ramaNI ne dekhe phira bhI usakI dAruNa paristhiti kucha hI paloM meM saMdamita hokara svArthI mAnava kI jAti kA Adi sandeza banI nizcayataH nArI parama tapasyA kI pratIka hai. sAdhanA kA akampita lakSya hai, kaThora saMyama kA svarUpa evaM samaya kI AdhArabhUta krAnti hai / jaina kathA - sAhitya meM sAmAnyatayA nArI ke ye rUpa upalabdha haiM 1. putrI ke rUpa meM 2. kanyA ke rUpa meM 3. rAnI-mahArAnI ke rUpa meM, 4 zAsikA ke rUpa meM, 5. mAninI ke , rUpa meM, 6. vidrohiNI ke rUpa meM, 7. avivAhitA ke rUpa meM, 8 vivAhitA ke rUpa meM, 8. viraha pIr3itA ke rUpa meM, 10. rASTra saMrakSikA ke rUpa meM 11. gRhiNI ke rUpa meM, 12. sAdhvI ke rUpa meM, 13. saccaritrA ke rUpa meM, 14. patitA ke rUpa meM, 15. mohinI ke rUpa meM, 16. Adarza zikSitA ke rUpa meM, 17. vividha kalA - vizAradA 20. rUpa lAvaNya-kamanIyatA ke rUpa meM, ke rUpa meM 18. yuddha-pravINA ke rUpa meM 16. dharmasevikA ke rUpa meM 21. rAjanItijJA ke rUpa meM 22. gaNikA ke rUpa meM 23. guptacara ke rUpa meM 24, pragatizIlA ke rUpa meM, 25. paramparAgata rUr3hiyastA ke rUpa meM, 26 vyabhicAriNI ke rUpa meM, 27 maMtra-taMtrAdi- vizAradA ke rUpa meM, 28. aMkurita yauvanA ke rUpa meM, 26 jJAta yauvanA ke rUpa meM, 30. svAbhimAninI ke rUpa meM, 31 prakIrNakA / vinaya, kSamA, gRha-kArya-kulatA, zilpa, vaiduSya, dhIratA, Izvarabhakti tathA pAtivratya Adi guNoM se alaMkRta nArI sabhA zrRMgAra nAmaka grantha meM rUpAlI, candramukhI, cakorAkSI, cittahariNI, cAturyavantI, haMsagatigAminI, zIlavaMtI, sulakSiNI,
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jana-kathA-sAhitya meM nArI 643 . ................................... zyAmA, navAMgI, navayauvanA, gaurAMgI, guNavantI, padmaNI, pInastanI aura hastamukhI Adi cAlIsa rUpoM meM vibhakta mahAdevI, zivA, jagadambA, bhadrA, raudrA, gaurI, buddhi, chAyA, zakti, kRSNA, zAnti, lajjA, zraddhA, kAnti, dayA, tRpti Adi ke rUpoM meM ApUta nArI prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM bahu prazaMsita avazya huI hai lekina bahupatnItva kI prathA ne use samaya-samaya para adhika pIr3ita kiyA hai| jaina dharmagranthoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki prAcInakAla meM pratiSThita dhanI parivAroM meM baha-patnItva kA pracuratA se pracalana thA / vahI vyakti samAja meM pratiSThita aura sammAnita mAnA jAtA thA jo aneka patniyA~ rakhatA thA / zrAvaka loga bhI aneka patniyAM rakhate the| rAjamala dvArA racita lATI saMhitA vi0 saM0 1641 kI eka prazasti meM bhAsU nAma ke eka zrAvaka kI medhA, rUpiNI aura devilA nAma kI tIna patniyoM kA ullekha miltaahai| Age isI grantha meM saMghapati bhAsU ke nAtI nyotA ko padmAhI aura gaurAhI nAmaka do patniyoM aura saMghapati molhA kI chAjAhI aura vidhRhI Adi tIna patniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa kAla ke (vi0 saM0 1070) amitagati ke eka purAne grantha dharmaparIkSA kI maNDapakauzikakathA ke prakaraNa meM Aye kucha zlokoM se una dinoM vidhavA-vivAha ke pracalana kI sampuSTi hotI hai| jaina dharma-granthoM meM isa bAta ke bhI aneka supuSTa pramANa milate haiM ki samAja ke anya vargoM ke samAna jana-sampradAya meM bhI dAsiyA~ rakhane kI prathA thii| 'dAsa: kraya-krI takarmakara:' ke anusAra kharIdI haI nAriyA~ hI dAsI kahalAtI thiiN| jina striyoM ko vidhivat vivAha na karake vaise hI ghara meM rakha liyA jAtA thA unheM ceTikA kahA jAtA thaa| ceTikA suratapriyA aura bhogyA hotI thiiN| jo dAsiyA~ kharIdI jAtI thIM unameM se kucha ko patnI ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kara liyA jAtA thA / aisI striyoM ko rakhaila yA parigrahItA kI saMjJA dI gii| una dinoM gRhasthoM kA brahmacarya aNuvrata athavA svadArasaMtoSa vrata yahI thA ki ve kharIdI huI dAsiyoM aura dharmapatnI ko chor3akara anya saba striyoM ko mAtA, bahana aura beTI samajhate the| nArI ke bhedoM kI carcA bhI jaina-granthoM meM pracuratA se huI hai| jaina kathA-sAhitya meM nAro-meva vibhinna dezoM kI kamanIya nAriyoM ko unake viziSTa aMga-saundarya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-kerala deza (ayodhyApurI kA dakSiNa dizAvartI deza) kI striyoM ke mukhakamaloM ko usa prakAra vikasita karane vAle jisa prakAra sUrya kamaloM ko vikasita karatA hai, vaMgIdeza (ayodhyA kA pUrvadizAvartI deza) kI kamanIya kAminiyoM ke kAno ko usa prakAra vibhUSita karane vAle jisa prakAra karNapUra (karNAbhUSaNa) kAnoM ko vibhUSita karatA hai; cola-deza (ayodhyA kI dakSiNa dizA sambandhI deza) kI ramaNiyoM ke kuca (stana) rUpI phUloM kI adhakhilI kaliyoM se krIr3A karane vAle, pallavadeza (paMca dvAmila deza) kI ramaNiyoM ke viyoga duHkha ko utpanna karane vAle, kuntala deza (puurvdesh)| kI striyoM ke kezoM ko viralIkaraNa meM tatpara, malayAcala kI kamanIya kAminiyoM ke zarIra meM nakhakSata karane meM tatpara parvata sambandhI nagaroM kI ramaNiyoM ke darzana karane meM vizeSa utkaMThita, karnATaka deza kI striyoM ko kapaTa ke sAtha Aligana karane meM catura, hastinApura kI striyoM ke kuca-kalazoM ko usa prakAra AcchAdita karane vAle jisa prakAra kaMcaka (jamphara Adi vastra vizeSa) kucakalazoM ko AcchAdita karatA hai| aise he rAjan ! Apa kAzmIra deza kI kamanIya kAminiyoM ke mastakoM ko kukuma-tilaka rUpa AbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita karate haiM / 1. sampAdaka : kSemacandra sumana : nArI tere rUpa aneka, bhUmikA, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI likhita, pR0 42 2. nArI tere rUpa aneka : bhUmikA, pR0 41-42 3. zrImatsomadevasUri-viracita : yazastilakacampU mahAkAvya, pR068
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ O 644 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa saMskRta sAhitya ke utthAna meM anya mahilAoM ke sAtha jaina mahilAoM kA yogadAna bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ( vizeSa adhyayanArtha draSTavya saMskRta sAhitya meM mahilAoM kA dAna lekhaka DA0 yatIndra vimala caudharI, premI abhinandana grantha pR0 676) / : isI prakAra dharmasevikAoM ke rUpa meM jaina-nAriyoM ne jo khyAti prApta kI hai, yaha sarvadA anukaraNIya rahI hai| prAcIna zilAlekhoM evaM citroM se patA calatA hai ki jaina zrAvikAoM kA prabhAva tatkAlIna samAja para thaa| ina dharmasevikAoM ne apane tyAga se jaina samAja meM prabhAvazAlI sthAna banA liyA thaa| usa samaya kI aneka jaina deviyoM ne apanI udAratA evaM Atmotsarga dvArA jaina dharma kI paryApta sevA kI hai| isa sandarbha meM ikSvAkuvaMzIya mahArAja padma kI patnI dhanavatI mauryavaMzIya candragupta kI patnI suSamA, evaM siddhasena kI dharmapatnI suprabhA ke nAma vizeSa ullekha nIya haiN|" 1 jaina kathA-granthoM kI saMkSipta tAlikA prathamAnuyoga ke antargata jo bhI jaina sAhityika sAmagrI grAhya hai, vaha saba jaina kathAtmaka hai| maiM to yaha mAnatI hU~ ki yaha prathamAnuyoga, anya tIna anuyogoM se ( caraNAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga ) se bRhattara hai / tIrthakaroM kI jIvana gAthAe~, tresaThazalA kApuruSoM kA jIvana caritra caritakAvya (padyAtmaka evaM gadyAtmaka ), kathA koza Adi kI tAlikA bahuta bar3I hai / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM pradezIya vibhinna bhASAoM meM racita jaina kathA - sAhitya pracura hai| DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 'loka kathAe~ aura unakA saMgraha kArya' zIrSaka nibandha meM likhate haiM - bauddhoM ne prAcIna jAtakoM kI zailI ke atirikta avadAna nAmaka naye kathA sAhitya kI racanA kI jisake kaI saMgraha ( avadAna zataka, divyAvadAna Adi) upalabdha haiM / parantu isa kSetra meM jaisA saMgraha jaina lekhakoM ne kiyA vaha vistAra, vividhatA aura bahubhASAoM ke mAdhyama kI dRSTi se bhAratIya sAhitya meM advitIya hai unnIsavIM zatI taka jaina sAhitya meM kayAgranthoM kI avicchinna dhArA pAyI jAtI hai| vikrama saMvat ke Arambha se lekara yaha kathA-sAhitya itanA vizAla hai ki isake samucita sampAdana aura prakAzana ke lie pacAsa varSoM se kama samaya kI apekSA nahIM hogii| - DaoN. zaMkaralAla yAdava apane zodhagrantha hariyANA pradeza kA loka-sAhitya meM jaina kathA-sAhitya ke vistAra ke sambandha meM apane vicAra isa prakAra prakaTa karate haiM kathA-sAhitya saritA kI bahumukhI dhArA ke vega ko trigAmI banAne meM jaina kathAoM kA yogadAna ullekhanIya hai| jainoM ke mUla AgamoM meM dvAdazAMgI pradhAna aura prakhyAta hai / unameM nAyAdhammakahA, uvAsagadasAo, antagaDa, anuttaropapAtika, vipAkasUtra Adi samagra rUpa meM kathAtmaka haiM / inake atirikta sUyagaDaMga, bhagavatI, ThANAMga Adi meM aneka rUpaka evaM kathAe~ haiM jo atIva bhAvapUrNa evaM prabhAvajanaka haiN| taraMgavatI, samarAiccakahA tathA kuvalayamAlA Adi anekAneka svatantra kathA grantha tathA vizva kI sarvottama kathA - vibhUti haiN| yadi inakA adhyayana vidhivat tathA itihAsa krama se kiyA jAya to kaI navIna tathya prakAza meM AyeMge aura jaina kathA sAhitya kI prAcInatA vaidika kathAoM se bhI adhika purAnI parilakSita hogii| jainoM kA purAtana sAhitya to kathAoM se pUrNataH pariveSTita hai / katipaya kathA koza nimnastha haiM --- (1) kathAkoza athavA kathAkozaprakaraNam isake racayitA zrIvardhamAnasUri ke ziSya vinezvarasUri haiN| prAkRta ke isa grantha meM 236 gAthAe~ haiM / - 9. vizeSa adhyayanArtha dekhie - bra0 caMdAbAI jaina-dharmasevikA prAcIna jaina deviyA~, premI abhinandana grantha pR0 684 2. Ajakala - loka-kathA aMka, pR0 11 2. hariyANA pradeza kA loka sAhitya, pR0 330-40
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina-kathA-sAhitya meM nArI 645. ......................................................... (2) kathAkotha-racayitA ajJAta hai / isameM 17 kathAe~ haiM, jo saMskRta meM likhI gaI haiN| (3) kathAratnakoza-zrIprasannacandra ke ziSya zrIdevabhadra dvArA racita hai| yaha prAkRta kRti hai / (4) kathAkoza (bharatezvara bAhubali-vRtti)-prAkRta kI yaha racanA hai jisameM mahApuruSoM kI jIvana kathAe~ haiN| (5) kathAkoza (vratakathAkoza),-zrI zrutasAgararacita yaha saMskRta kRti hai| jisameM vratoM se sambandhita va aneka jaina kathAe~ haiM / isakI racanA zailI prAMjala hai tathA kathya bar3I ramaNIyatA se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| (6) isa racanA meM 140 gAthAe~ haiM / prAkRta kI yaha kRti zrIvijayacandra racita hai| (7) AkhyAnamaNikoza-yaha prAkRta meM likhita hai, jisameM 41 adhyAya haiN| (ka) kathAratnasAgara-isameM 15 taraMga haiM jise zrIdevabhadrasUri ke ziSya naracandrasUri ne racA hai| (6) kathAratnAkara-isameM saMskRta meM likhita 258 jaina kathAe~ haiN| jo saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi ke purAtana uddharaNoM se alaMkRta bhI hai| (10) kathArNava-jaina tapodhana vIroM kI isameM kathAeM haiN| anya upadeza kathAe~ bhI yahA~ draSTavya haiN| kavi dharmaghoSa ne ise prAkRta meM likhA hai| (11) kathA-saMgraha-sAmAnya saMskRta meM likhita aneka sarasa kathAe~ isameM saMgrahIta haiN| eka mukhya kathA ke antargata aneka upakathAe~ gumphita kI gaI haiN| isake racayitA zrI rAjazekharamaladhArI haiN| (12) zrIrAmacandra mumukSu kRta saMskRta puNyAtrava kathA-koza-bhI bahucarcita hai| ina kathAkozoM ke atirikta zatAdhika jaina kathAkoza upalabdha haiN| zAntinAtha caritra, vasudevahiMDI, paumacariyaM, ca uppanna mahApurisa cariyaM, taraMgalolA, bhuvanasundarIkahA, nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA, vahatkathAkoza, upadeza prAsAda, jaMbucariyaM, surasundaracariyaM, rayaNacUrarAya, jayati prakaraNa Adi-Adi aneka kathA granthoM kA hindI meM anuvAda ho cukA hai| dharma-artha-kAma-mokSa meM vibhAjita jaina kathAoM ke kucha upabheda bhI haiM, jinameM nArI ke vividha rUpa aMkita nArI ke kucha raMgIna athavA marma-sparzI citra ina kathAoM meM rUpAyita hae haiM (1) karkazApatnI-dhana kA ghar3A aura buddhihIna par3ausI, pR06. (2) atIta kI rAjakumArI Aja kI dAsI-dAsa-prathA kI jar3eM hila gaIM, pR0 13. (3) sAdhvI pramukhA kA prabhAvaka jJAnopadeza--sabase pahalA kArya, pR0 16. (4) rAnI mRgAvatI kA aTala AtmavizvAsa gUMjA-mere lie aba aMdhakAra nahIM rahA, pR0 24. (5) nRtya kalA pravINA devadattA nAmaka vezyA kI lAsyabhaMgimA-hathelI para sarasoM kaise ugegI, pR0 31. (6) zIla kA camatkAra-nAmaka kathA meM nArI kA bhavyarUpa, pR0 34. (yaha saba pRSTha saMkhyA jaina jagata ke jaina kathA aMka ke haiN|) (7) mAlI kI do lar3akiyA~ kevala bhaktibhAva se jina mandira kI dehalI para eka-eka phUla car3hAne ke kAraNa marane ke uparAnta saudharma indra kI patniyAM banatI haiM / (puNyAsrava kathAkoza, pR0 1.) 1. rAjakathA, corakathA, senakathA, bhayakathA, yuddhakathA, pAtakathA, vastrakathA, zayanakathA, mAlAkathA, gaMdhakathA, grAmakathA, nigama kathA, strIkathA, puruSakathA, zUrakathA, panaghaTakathA, Adi-Adi /
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 646 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana prastha: paMcama khaNDa (8) mainAsundarI apanI vrata-sAdhanA ke bala para apane pati ko kuSTharoga se mukta karatI hai| (zrIpAla evaM mainAsundarI kI kathA, puNyAthava kathAkoza) (8) satI jasamA oDaNa, satI RSidattA evaM lIlApata-jhaNakArA, apane pativratA ke bhavyarUpa meM vizvavandanIya banatI haiN| (dekhie-adhyAtmayogI-zrIpuSkaramuni-jaina kathAe~ bhAga 20 aadi)| saMgharSoM ke dvandvoM meM unmatta zIrSA nArI sarvathA vareNya hai, vaha pUjanIya hai, anukaraNIyA hai evaM Alokita pratibhA kI dhanI hai / zaktisaMgama taMtra tArAkhaNDa meM pradatta yaha nArI prazasti zAzvata arthavatI hai na nArIsadRzo yogo, na bhUtaM na bhaviSyati // na nArIsadRzo maMtraH, na nArIsadRzaM tapaH / na nArIsadRzaM vittaM, na bhUto na bhaviSyati / 0000