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________________ jaina dharma tathA darzana ke saMdarbha meM uttarapurANa kI rAma kathA zrImatI vINA kumArI bhArata meM vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ko jo lokapriyatA evaM prasiddhi milI hai vaha sambhavataH kisI anya grantha ko prApta nahIM huii| yaha mahAna grantha apane racanA-kAla se lekara Aja taka deza ke pratyeka kSetra ko prabhAvita karatA rahA hai / Adikavi vAlmIki ke pUrva kI rAmakathAviSayaka gAthAoM tathA AkhyAna-kAvya kI lokapriyatA tathA vyApakatA ko nirdhArita karanA asambhava hai / bauddha tripiTaka meM eka-do rAmakathA sambandhI gAthAeM milatI haiM aura mahAbhArata ke droNaparva tathA zAntiparva meM jo saMkSipta rAmakathA pAI jAtI hai, vaha prAcIna gAthAoM para hI samAzrita hai| isa prakAra sAmagrI kI alpatA kA dhyAna rakhakara yaha anumAna dRr3ha ho jAtA hai ki jisa dina vAlmIki ne isa prAcIna gAthA sAhitya ko eka hI kathAsUtra meM grathita kara Adi rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI thI, usI dina se rAmakathA kI digvijaya prArambha huii| pracalita vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke bAlakANDa tathA uttarakANDa meM isakA pramANa milatA hai ki kAvyopajIvI kuzIlava samasta deza meM jAkara cAroM ora AdikAvya kA pracAra karate the / vAlmIki ne apane ziSyoM ko rAmAyaNa sikhalAkara use rAjAoM, RSiyoM tathA janasAdhAraNa ko sunAne kA Adeza diyA thaa| vAlmIki ne rAmAyaNa meM zrIrAma ke gauravazAlI udAtta caritra kA aisA citraNa kiyA hai ki vaha sabake lie AkarSaka bana gyaa| phalataH rAmakathA bhAratIya sAhitya kI sabase adhika lokapriya kathA rahI hai| samAjazAstrIya dRSTi se rAmaviSayaka kathAeM zauryapUrNa gAthA kA vaha prAraMbhika rUpa hai, jisake kAraNa paravartI mahAkAvyoM ko AdhAra milA / cAhe vaha brAhmaNa ho athavA jaina athavA bauddha-tInoM hI paramparAoM meM rAmakathA kA svatantra rUpa milatA hai| jo mUlataH to eka hai, kintu svarUpataH bhinna hai| rAma dhArmika dRSTi se jitane lokapriya haiM, utane hI sAhityika dRSTi se bhii| inheM kAvya kI preraNAzakti mAnA gayA hai| maithilIzaraNa gupta ne ThIka hI kahA thA-- rAma! tumhArA vRtta svayaM hI kAvya hai; koI kavi bana jAya, sahaja saMbhAvya hai| AdirAmAyaNa ke bAda yaha kathA mahAbhArata meM upalabdha hai| mahAbhArata meM rAmakathA kA cAra sthaloM para varNana upalabdha hotA hai| tadanantara yaha kathA brahmapurANa, agnipurANa, vAyupurANa Adi granthoM meM alpAntara ke sAtha upalabdha hai| inake atirikta yaha kathA vibhinna vidvAnoM kI lekhanI se nikalakara AMzika yA pUrNa rUpa se samAja ke sAmane aaii| inakI agralikhita kRtiyAM ullekhanIya haiM kAlidAsa-kRta raghuvaMza, bhavabhUti-kRta uttararAmacarita, tulasI-kRta rAmacaritamAnasa, kezava-kRta rAma candrikA evaM maithilIzaraNa gupta-kRta sAketa aadi| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke pazcAt to rAmAyaNoM kI eka paramparA hI cala pdd'ii| adhyAtmarAmAyaNa, AnandarAmAyaNa, kAkabhuzuNDi rAmAyaNa aadi| rAmAyaNa kI kathA ne itanI lokapriyatA prApta kI hai ki deza kI sImAoM ko lAMghakara yaha aneka dezoM meM pahuMcI aura vahAM ke sAhityakAroM ne kAla aura deza kI paristhiti ke anurUpa kathA-kalevara dekara ise vividha rUpoM meM citrita kiyaa| inhIM ke AdhAra para khetAnI rAmAyaNa, hindeziyA kI prAcInatama racanA 'rAmAyaNa kAkavina', jAvA kA Adhunika 'seratarAma' tathA hindacIna, zyAma, brahmadeza evaM tibbatI tathA siMhala Adi dezoM meM bhI rAmakathAeM likhI gaI haiN| 1. DaoN0 kAmila balke : rAmakathA, pR0 721 2. tulanIya, ema0viNTaraniTja : e hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTrecara, kalakattA 1627, bhAga-1, pR0 476 3. DA0 rAmAzraya zarmA : e soziyo poliTikala sTaDI Apha di rAmAyaNa, dillI 1971, pR01 4. maithilIzaraNa gupta : sAketa, Amukha, sAhitya sadana, ciragA~va (jhAMsI), 2014 5. DaoN0 kAmila bulke : rAmakathA, pR0 43 6. rAjendraprasAda dIkSita : uttarapradeza patrikA, lakhanaU 1977, pR033 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ bhArata meM bauddha aura jaina donoM hI sampradAya pUrvapracalita rUr3ha mAnyatAoM ke prati krAntirUpa meM udbhUta hue| apane dArzanika siddhAMta tathA dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke mahatva ke kAraNa atyadhika prasiddha hue| ina donoM hI sampradAyoM ke vikAsa ke yuga meM bhI rAmakathA sambhavata: jana-sAmAnya meM ati pracalita evaM lokapriya bana cukI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki isakI lokapriyatA se prabhAvita hokara rAmakathA ko unhoMne bhI apanA liyA aura apane siddhAntoM ke anurUpa use prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyaa| bauddha sampradAya meM 'dazarathajAtaka' kI racanA isI dRSTi se huI / dazarathajAtaka se jJAta hotA hai ki pUrvajanma meM rAjA zuddhodhana (rAjA dazaratha), rAnI mahAmAyA (rAma kI mAtA), rAhula (mAtA sItA), buddhadeva (rAmacandra), unake pradhAna ziSya Ananda (bharata) evaM sAriputra (lakSmaNa) the| isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki bauddhoM ne kaI zatAbdiyoM pahale rAma ko bodhisattva mAnakara rAmakathA ko apane jAtaka-sAhitya meM sthAna diyA thaa| Age calakara bauddhoM meM rAmakathA kI lokapriyatA ghaTane lgii| arvAcIna bauddha sAhitya meM rAmakathA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| bauddhoM kI apekSA jainAnuyAyiyoM ne bAda meM rAmakathA ko apanAyA, lekina jaina sAhitya meM isakI lokapriyatA zatAbdiyoM taka banI rahI, jisake phalasvarUpa jaina kathA-granthoM meM eka vistRta rAmakathA-sAhitya pAyA jAtA hai| isameM rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kevala jaina dharmAvalambI hI nahIM mAne jAte pratyut unheM jainiyoM ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM meM bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra rAmakathA bhAratIya saMskRti meM itane vyApaka rUpa se phaila gaI ki rAma ko usake tIna pracalita dharmoM meM eka nizcita sthAna prApta huA-brAhmaNa dharma meM viSNu ke avatAra ke rUpa meM, bauddha dharma meM bodhisattva ke rUpa meM tathA jainadharma meM AThaveM baladeva ke rUpa meM / AcArya guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa kI rAmakathA ke kalevara meM jainadharma ke paurANika vizvAsoM tathA dArzanika siddhAntoM kI sthApanA karane kI saphala ceSTA kI hai / aneka aise avAntara prasaMgoM ke avasara para rAmakathA ko jainAnumodita rUpa dene kI pUrNa ceSTA kI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se rAmakathA kA dhArmika dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai| jaisA ki pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki rAmakathA se sambaddha tInoM pramukha pAtra rAma, rAvaNa aura lakSmaNa kevala jaina dharmAvalambI hI nahIM haiM apitu triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM meM bhI unakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| triSaSTi mahApuruSoM kA varNana sarvaprathama mahApurANa meM milatA hai jisameM kula 76 parva haiN| isake do bhAga haiM AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa / 1 se 46 pauM taka kI racanA jinasenAcArya ne kI thI tathA yaha bhAga AdipurANa ke nAma se prasiddha huA, jabaki zeSa parvo kI racanA jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadrAcArya dvArA kI gaI aura yaha uttarapurANa ke nAma se pracalita huaa| aura ye donoM bhAga 'mahApurANa' ke nAma se prasiddha hue| jaina devazAstra __jaina dharma ke anusAra triSaSTizalAkApuruSa isa prakAra haiM-24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, baladeva, 6 vAsudeva aura 6 prativAsudeva / pratyeka kalpa ke triSaSTimahApuruSoM meM se 6 baladeva, 6 vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva hote haiM, ye tInoM sadaiva samakAlIna hote haiN| inakI jIvaniyAM jaina dharma meM purANoM ke rUpa meM dI gaI haiN| rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kramaza: AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva mAne jAte haiN| jaina dharma meM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA, bhartA aura saMhartA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| inhoMne Izvara ko sarvocca nahIM mAnA hai| siddhi' aura 'mukti' ko hI sarvocca sthAna diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki avatAravAda kA jaina dharma meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| jaina rAma eka Adarza mAne gae haiN| jaina paramparA meM sabhI triSaSTimahApuruSa lakSmI se yukta apAra sampadA ke svAmI hote haiN| baladeva cAra ratnoM ke svAmI hote haiN| ye ratna hI inakI zaktiyAM haiM / pRthaka-pRthaka yakSa inakI rakSA karate haiM, inhIM zaktiyoM ke bala para hI ve duSToM kA saMhAra kiyA karate haiN| rAma tathA lakSmaNa kramaza: AThaveM balabhadra evaM pAThaveM nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM jaina dharmAnusAra rAma ko AThavAM balabhadra aura lakSmaNa ko AThavA~ nArAyaNa mAnakara hI rAmakathA kA jaina rUpAMtara kiyA gayA hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa ke kevala eka hI nahIM apitu pUrvabhavoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| uttarapurANa ke anusAra rAma kA jIva pahale malayadeza ke mantrI ke putra candracUla ke mitra vijaya nAma se prasiddha thaa| phira tIsare svarga meM divya bhogoM se lAlita kanakacUla nAmaka prasiddha deva utpanna haA aura phira sUryavaMza meM aparimita bala ko dhAraNa karane vAlA rAmacandra huaa| 1. rAjendraprasAda dIkSita : uttarapradeza patrikA, pR011 2. DaoN0 kAmila bulke : rAmakathA, pR0 65 3. vahI. pR065 4. ema. viNTaranitja : hi0I0liT0, bhAga 1, pR0 467 5. 'balAnAmaSTama rAma lakSmaNaM cArdhacakriNAm / ' uttarapurANa, 68/462 6. vahI, 68/731 82 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ isI prakAra lakSmaNa kA jIva pahale malayadeza meM candracUla nAmaka rAjaputra thA, jo atyanta durAcArI thaa| jIvana ke pichale bhAga meM tapazcaraNa kara vaha svarga meM sanatakumAra nAma se utpanna huA aura phira vahAM se yahAM Akara ardhacakrI lakSmaNa bnaa| jaina dharmAnusAra vAsudeva aura baladeva donoM kI utpatti zubha svapnoM ke phalasvarUpa hotI hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa kI utpatti bhI zubha svapnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa huI thii|' guNabhadra ne jaina dharma ke anukUla rAmakathA ko DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jainadharmAnusAra nArAyaNa aura balabhadra donoM bhAI hote haiM tathA eka hI rAjA kI do bhinna-bhinna rAniyoM se utpanna putra hote haiN| baladeva hamezA bar3A bhAI hotA hai aura vAsudeva hamezA choTA bhAI baladeva rAjA kI jyeSTha mahiSI se utpanna putra hotA hai / vArANasI ke rAjA dazaratha ke bhI cAra putra hote haiN| jyeSTha putra rAma rAnI subAlA ke garbha se utpanna hotA hai tathA lakSmaNa kaikeyI ke garbha se utpanna hotA hai| bharata va zatrughna kI mAtA kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra triSaSTimahApuruSoM kI Ayu kaI hajAra varSa hotI hai tathA ve kaI dhanuSa UMce hote haiN| rAma kI Ayu teraha hajAra varSa tathA lakSmaNa kI Ayu 12 hajAra varSa thI tathA donoM bhAI pandraha dhanuSa UMce the| baladeva aura vAsudeva donoM hI bhAI aparimita zakti se yukta hote the| donoM meM se bar3A bhAI baladeva hamezA zveta varNa hotA thA tathA nArAyaNa sarvadA nIlavarNa / rAma kA zarIra haMsavat zveta tathA lakSmaNa kA nIlakamala ke samAna nIlakAMti vAlA thaa| baladeva ardhacakravartI hote haiM tathA bhAratavarSa ke tIna khaNDoM ke svAmI hote haiM / ve saumya prakRti ke hote haiM jabaki vAsudeva ugra prakRti ke hote haiM / isIlie baladeva zIghra hI nirvANa ko prApta karate haiM jabaki vAsudeva ko naraka meM bahuta se duHkhoM ko bhogane ke bAda hI svarga kI prApti hotI hai| jaina dharmAnusAra nArAyaNa sarvadA apane bar3e bhAI baladeva ke sAtha milakara prativAsudeva se yuddha karate the aura anta meM sadaiva usakA vadha karate the| pratinArAyaNa yA prativAsudeva jisa cakra dvArA vAsudeva para prahAra karanA cAhatA thA, vahI cakra nArAyaNa ke hAtha meM sthira ho jAtA thA aura use hI vApisa bhejakara vaha prativAsudeva kA vadha karatA thaa| AThaveM prativAsudeva rAvaNa ne bhI lakSmaNa va rAma donoM bhAiyoM se atyadhika kupita hokara apane vizvAsapAtra cakraratna ke lie Adeza diyA thaa| vahI cakraratna mUrtidhArI parAkrama ke samAna pradakSiNA karake lakSmaNa ke dAhine hAtha para sthira ho gayA thaa| tadanantara lakSmaNa ne usI cakraratna se tIna khaNDa ke svAmI rAvaNa kA sira kATakara apane AdhIna kara liyA thaa| pratinArAyaNa kA vadha karane ke uparAnta nArAyaNa baladeva ke sAtha-sAtha digvijaya karake bhArata ke tIna khaNDoM para adhikAra prApta karate the, aura isa prakAra ardhacakravartI bana jAte the| rAvaNa kA vadha karane ke bAda lakSmaNa ne bhI solaha hajAra paTTabandha rAjAoM ko, eka sau dasa nagariyoM ke svAmI vidyAdharoM ko aura tIna khaNDa ke svAmI devoM ko AjJAkArI banAyA thaa| usakI yaha digvijaya 42 varSa meM pUrNa haI thii| jaina paramparAnusAra nArAyaNa apane puNya ke kSINa ho jAne para caturtha naraka ko prApta hotA thaa| lakSmaNa bhI asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se prerita mahAroga se abhibhUta ho gayA aura usI asAdhya roga ke kAraNa cakraratna kA svAmI lakSmaNa paMkaprabhA nAmaka pRthvI arthAt caturtha naraka meM gayA thaa|" rAvaNa AThaveM pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM jaina paramparAnusAra rAvaNa AThavAM pratinArAyaNa thaa| guNabhadra ne AThaveM pratinArAyaNa rAvaNa ke bhI pUrva tIna bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 1. uttarapurANa, 67/148-51 2. 'sutaH subAlAsaMjJAyAM shubhsvpnpurssrm|' u0pu0, 67/148 3. u0pu0, 67/150 4. 'trayodazasahasrAbdo rAmanAmAnatAkhilaH / ' u0pu0, 67/150 5. u0pu0, 67/152 6. 'tau paJcadazacApoccau / ' u0pu0, 67/153 7. u0pu0,67/154 8. vahIM, hai. 'cakreNa vikrameNeva mUrtIbhUtena ckrinnaa| tena tena ziro'grAhi vikhaNDaM vA khagezituH / ' u0pu0, 68/626 10. 'dAcatvAriMzadabdAMte pariniSThatadigjayaH...' u.pu0, 68/659 11. 'babhUva kSINapuNyasya tataH katipayaidinaiH......dine tenAgamaccakrI pRthvI paMkaprabhAbhiSAm / ' u.pu0, 68/701 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 83
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________________ pratinArAyaNa rAvaNa kA jIva pahale 'sArasamuccaya' nAmaka deza meM naradeva nAmaka rAjA thaa| phira saudharma svarga meM sukha kA bhaNDAra svarUpa deva huA aura tadanantara vahAM se cyuta hokara isI bharata kSetra ke rAjA vinami vidyAdhara ke vaMza meM, samasta vidyAdharoM ke dedIpyamAna mastakoM kI mAlA para AkramaNa karane vAlA, strI lampaTa, apane vaMza ko naSTa karane ke lie ketu ke samAna tathA durAcAriyoM meM agrasara 'rAvaNa' nAma se prasiddha huA ' pratinArAyaNa sadA nArAyaNa kA virodhI hotA thaa| vaha hamezA unake viruddha yuddha karatA thaa| aMta meM apane hI cakraratna dvArA nArAyaNa ke hAtha se mRtyu ko prApta karatA thaa| jaina paramparAnusAra vaha sAtaveM naraka meM jAtA thA / rAmakathA kA pratinArAyaNa rAvaNa bhI lakSmaNa dvArA mRtyu ko prApta karane ke uparAnta naraka gati ko prApta huA thaa| isa prakAra AcArya guNabhadra kA yaha kathana ki pApI manuSyoM kI yahI gati hotI hai, satya hI pratIta hotA hai| jaina dharma tathA prAcAra uttarapurANa ke rAmakathA-sambandhI aMza ke adhyayana se jaina dharma tathA AcAra-viSayaka bahuta-sI bAtoM kA jJAna hotA hai| rAmakathA se sambandhita sabhI pramukha pAtra jaina AcaraNa karate haiM tathA nirvANa Adi ko prApta karate haiM / zrAvakavrata grahaNa - uttarapurANa ke anusAra rAma eka bAra zivarAja gupta jinarAja se dharma-viSayaka prazna pUchate haiN| zivarAja gupta jinarAja vividha prakAra ke dharma-sambandhI padArthoM kA vivecana karate haiN| isa prakAra dharma ke vizeSa svarUpa ko sunane ke bAda rAma zrAvakavrata grahaNa karate haiM / / jaina paramparAnusAra bhagavAn jinendra kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| uttarapurANa meM bhI rAma ke sAtha-sAtha jitane bhI anya loga zrAvaka vrata grahaNa karate haiM, ve sabhI bhagavAn jinedra ke caraNayugala ko acchI taraha se namaskAra karate haiN| usake bAda ve loga nagarI meM praviSTa hote haiN| dIkSA grahaNa-nArAyaNa kI mRtyu ke bAda balabhadra zokAkula hokara jainadharma meM dIkSA lekara mokSa prApta karate haiN| lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ke bAda balabhadra rAma ne bhI lakSmaNa ke putra ko rAjA banAyA tathA apane putra ko yuvarAja banAkara svayaM saMsAra, zarIra tathA bhogoM se virakta ho gae tathA saMyama dhAraNa kiyaa| 6 zrata kevalI bananA- -lakSmaNa ke zoka se virakta hone ke bAda rAma ayodhyA nagarI ke siddhArtha nAmaka vana meM pahuMcate haiM jo ki bhagavAna vRSabhadeva kA dIkSA kalyANa kA sthAna thA / vahIM para jAkara rAma saMyama dhAraNa karate haiM tathA eka mahApratApI kevalI zivagupta ke pAsa jAkara saMsAra aura mokSa ke kAraNa tathA phala ko bhalI prakAra samajhate haiM / AcArya guNabhadra ne kathA ko jainadharmAnurUpa DhAlane ke lie uttarapurANa meM rAma ke lie 'rAma muni' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| bAda meM ye vidhipUrvaka mokSamArga kA anusaraNa kara zrutakevalI bana jAte haiN|" kevala-jJAna utpanna honA - uttarapurANa meM varNita rAmakathA ke anusAra, rAma chadmAvasthA meM-- arthAt zrutakevalI kI dazA meM - 365 varSa vyatIta karate haiM / 365 varSa vyatIta ho jAne para zukla dhyAna ke prabhAva se ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karane vAle munirAja rAma ko sUrya bimba ke samAna kevala - jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| isa prakAra rAma jaina paramparAnusAra kaivalya jJAna prApta karate haiM / siddha kSetra prApta karanA - kaivalyajJAna kI avasthA meM 600 varSa vyatIta karane ke bAda phAlguna mAsa kI zukla caturdazI ko prAtaHkAla munirAja rAma sammedAcala ke zikhara para tIsarA zukladhyAna dhAraNa karate haiN| tathA tInoM yogoM kA nirodha karate haiM / usake bAda samucchinna kriyA pratipAtI nAmaka cauthe zukladhyAna ke Azraya se samasta aghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karate haiN| isa prakAra audarika, tejasa aura kArmaNa ina 1. u0pu0, 66 / 728 2. 'so'pi prAgeva baddhAyurdurAcArAdadhogatim / prApadApatkarI dhorAM pApinAM kA parA gatiH / u0pu0, 68 / 630 3. u0pu0, 68 / 630 4. sarve rAmAdayo'bhUvan gRhItopAsakavratAH / u0pu0, 68 / 666 5. u0pu0, 68 /713 6. 'azItizataputraizca saha saMyamamAptavAn / ' u0 pu0, 68 /711 7. u0 pu0, 68 /714 8. rAmasya kevalajJAnamudapAdyarka bimbavat / u0 pu0, 68 /716 84 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ tIna zarIroM kA nAza ho jAne ke bAda unnata pada ko prApta karate haiM / " rAmAyaNa ke anya pAtroM ke dhArmika AcaraNa amAna (hanumAna) kI unnata pada prApti - rAma ke sAtha hI sAtha hanumAna bhI saMyama dhAraNa karate haiM / unheM bhI rAma ke samAna hI kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| usake bAda ve bhI rAma ke sAtha audarika, taijasa aura kArmaNa ina tInoM prakAra ke zarIroM kA nAza kara unnata pada prApta karate haiM / sugrIva kA saMyamadhAraNa - rAma hanumAna Adi ke sAtha hI sugrIva bhI saMyama dhAraNa karate haiN| isa prakAra uttarapurANa ke anusAra ye sabhI pAtra jaina dharmAvalambI mAne gaye haiM / vibhISaNa kI anudiza prApti-AcArya guNabhadra-kRta uttarapurANa ke anusAra vibhISaNa bhI sarvaprathama jaina dharmAnurUpa rAma, sugrIva, hanumAna Adi aneka rAjAoM evaM vidyAdharoM ke sAtha milakara saMyama dhAraNa karate haiN| bAda meM rAma va hanumAna ko to siddha kSetra kI prApti ho jAtI hai, parantu vibhISaNa anudiza ko prApta karate haiN|' sItA dvArA dIkSAdhAraNa va acyuta svarga meM utpatti-jaina dharmAnusAra sItA tathA pRthvI sundarI Adi aneka deviyAM bhItavatI ke samIpa jAkara dIkSA dhAraNa karatI haiN| dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke uparAnta ve acyuta svarga meM utpanna hotI haiN| lakSmaNa kA mokSa lakSmI ko prApta karanA - jaina paramparAnusAra jIvoM meM kaI prakAra kI vicitratAeM mAnI gaI haiN| isI ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue lakSmaNa ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha caturtha naraka se nikalakara kramazaH saMyama dhAraNakara mokSa lakSmI prApta karate haiM / " isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya guNabhadra ne jaina paramparAnusAra hI sampUrNa rAmakathA kA varNana kara rAmakathA kA jaina rUpAntara prastuta kiyA hai / unake anusAra rAma jaina dharma ke eka mahAnapuruSa the, rAma ke mAdhyama se jaina samAja ke logoM ko upadeza denA hI unakA pramukha uddezya pratIta hotA hai / jainIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se jaina kaviyoM ne rAmakathA meM prAcIna samaya se vidyamAna aneka asvAbhAvika va kRtrima bAtoM ko bhI svAbhAvika banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne rAmakathA ko vyAvahArika banAyA hai| aneka prakAra ke jaina siddhAntoM kA poSaNa rAmakathA ke mAdhyama se karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| rAmakathA kA jainIkaraNa karake unhoMne jaina samAja ke logoM ko yaha upadeza dene kA prayatna kiyA hai ki jo vyakti jaisA kArya karatA hai pariNAmasvarUpa use vaise hI karma bhogane par3ate haiM / sadAcArI vyakti anta meM siddhi ko prApta karatA hai tathA durAcArI vyakti anta meM duHkhoM ko bhogatA huA naraka kI prApti karatA hai| jaina lekhakoM ne rAma-lakSmaNa va rAvaNa ko apane dharma meM AThavAM baladeva, nArAyaNa va pratinArAyaNa mAnakara yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| rAma arthAt baladeva sadAcArI va zAnta prakRti kA hone ke kAraNa apane lakSya ko prApta karane meM saphala hotA hai lakSmaNa caturtha naraka ko prApta karatA hai kyoMki vaha pUrvajanma meM durAcArI thA tathA usake puNya bhI kSINa ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra pratinArAyaNa rAvaNa kA bhI durAcArI hone ke kAraNa nArAyaNa ke dvArA vadha kiyA jAtA hai| tathA vaha saptama naraka ko prApta karatA hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina dharma ke anuyAyI karma tathA jIvoM kI vicitratA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM / inakA vizvAsa hai ki apane karmoM ke anusAra hI manuSya bhinna-bhinna janmoM meM phaloM kA bhoga karatA hai| rAma jaise Adarza pAtra ko apane dharma meM sthAna dene ke lie hI inhoMne triSaSTizalAkAmahApuruSoM meM rAma, lakSmaNa va rAvaNa ko sthAna diyA hai tAki jaina samAja ke loga bhI rAma jaise Adarza pAtra kA anusaraNa kara apane jIvana ke aMtima lakSya kI prApti kara skeN| jaina paramparAnusAra 'nirvANa' hI jIvana kA aMtima lakSya hai| sadAcArI vyakti hI kramazaH ise saMyama dhAraNa dvArA prApta kara pAtA hai| rAma jaisA puNyazIla mAnava hI ise prApta karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai / isI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi meM guNabhadra ne rAma kathA kA jaina rUpAntara kiyA hai| jaina dharma-darzana ke siddhAnta AcArya guNabhadra-kRta uttarapurANa meM varNita rAmakathA kA adhyayana karane se jaina dharma tathA darzana -sambandhI aneka siddhAntoM kA jJAna 1. zarIravitayApAyAdavApatpadamuttamam ' u0pU0, 68 / 720 2. u0pu0, 68 / 720 3. 'vedAtprAdurbhavadabodhaH sugrIvANumadAdibhiH / u0pu0, 68 / 710 4. u0pu0, 68 / 721 5. vahI, 68 /712 6. 'rAmacandrAgradevyAdyAH kAzcidIyurito'cyutam / u0pu0, 68 / 721 7. u0pu0, 68 /722 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 85
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________________ bhI prApta hotA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise AcArya guNabhadra triSaSTimahApuruSoM ke caritra-varNana dvArA jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karake apane samAja ke logoM ke lie Adarza zikSA pradAna karanA cAhate haiN| (ka) veda-prAmANya-jaina darzana eka nAstika darzana kahA jAtA hai / yadyapi yaha bhI usI mArga kA pathika hai jisase hokara Astika darzanoM kI vicAradhArA bahatI hai| duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti yA parama sukha kI prApti isakA bhI parama lakSya hai| kaThora tapasyA-sAdhanA Adi ke dvArA kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM kA niyantraNa kara anta:karaNa ko zuddha kara nirvANa prApta karanA inakA bhI carama uddezya hai| isIlie jaina loga 'samyakadarzana', 'samyakjJAna' evaM 'samyak cAritra' ina tIna ratnoM ke lie jIvana bhara prayatna karate haiN| ye sabhI bAteM Astika darzanoM meM bhI haiM / antara kevala yaha hai ki jaina darzana Izvara kI sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA aura na hI vedoM ko pramANa mAnatA hai| uttarapurANa kI rAmakathA kA adhyayana karane se isa mata kI puSTi ho jAtI hai / AcArya guNabhadra ne spaSTa rUpa se veda kA virodha kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM, "veda kA nirUpaNa karane vAle paraspara-viruddhabhASI haiN| yadi viruddhabhASI na hote to usameM eka jagaha hiMsA kA vidhAna aura dUsarI jagaha hiMsA kA niSedha, donoM prakAra ke vAkya na milte|" veda kA virodha karate hue tathA jaina dRSTikoNa kI puSTi karate hue ve kahate haiM ki yadi yaha mAna bhI liyA jAe ki 'veda svayambhU hai, ata: paraspara-virodhI hone para bhI isameM doSa nahIM mAnanA cAhie to yaha bAta bhI ucita nahIM pratIta hotI, kyoMki yadi hama yaha mAneM ki kisI bhI buddhimAna manuSya ke halana-calana rUpI vyApAra ke binA hI veda race gae haiM, to meghoM kI garjanA aura meMDhakoM kI Tarra-Tarra Adi meM bhI svayambhUtva A jAegA, kyoMki ye saba bhI to apane Apa hI utpanna hote haiN| isIlie Agama vahI hai, zAstra vahI hai, jo sarvajJa ke dvArA kahA gayA ho tathA samasta prANiyoM kA hita karane vAlA ho aura saba doSoM se rahita ho| isa prakAra uttarapurANa meM jaina dRSTikoNa ke anusAra veda-prAmANya kA spaSTa rUpeNa virodha kiyA gayA hai| (kha) yajJAnuSThAna tathA usameM hone vAlI pazu-hiMsA kA virodha-vaidika karmakANDAnumodita 'yajJa' kA jaina dharma meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| jainadharmAvalambI 'yajJAnuSThAna' Adi meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhte| uttarapurANa meM varNita rAmakathA kA adhyayana karane se isa mata kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| rAjA janaka ke mAdhyama se AcArya guNabhadra yajJAnuSThAna para vyaMgya kasate haiN| rAjA janaka kA yaha kathana, 'pahale rAjA sagara, rAnI sulasA tathA ghor3A Adi anya kitane hI jIva yajJa meM homa kiye gaye the| ve saba zarIra-sahita svarga gaye the, yaha bAta sunI jAtI hai| yadi Aja kala bhI yajJa karane se svarga prApta hotA ho to hama loga bhI yathAyogya rIti se yajJa kareM --yajJAnuSThAna para spaSTa prahAra hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina dharma meM yajJa kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra yajJa karanA dharma nahIM hai kyoMki yaha pramANa-koTi ko prApta nahIM hai| rAjA janaka ke pUchane para atizayamati nAmaka mantrI kahatA hai ki buddhimAna loga yajJa-kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hote| jaina dharma meM yajJa kA spaSTa virodha kiyA gayA hai / AcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra vacana kI siddhi sapramANatA se hotI hai| jinameM samasta prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, aise yajJa-pravartaka Agama ke upadeza karane vAle viruddhabhASI manuSya ke upadeza usI prakAra prAmANika nahIM ho sakate, jisa prakAra pAgala manuSya ke vacana pramANa nahIM ho sakate / " jaina dharma meM yajJa ke sAtha-sAtha pazu-hiMsA kA bhI virodha kiyA gayA hai / jaina dharmAnuyAyI 'yajJa' kA abhiprAya hiMsA' nahIM maante| jaina paramparAnusAra 'yajJa' zabda dAna denA tathA deva aura RSiyoM kI pUjA karanA Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| AcArya guNabhadra kahate haiM ki yadi 'yajJa' kA artha hiMsA karanA mAneM to jo loga yajJa nahIM karate, unako naraka meM jAnA cAhie aura yadi aisA mAne ki hiMsaka vyakti bhI svarga jAtA hai to phira jo vyakti hiMsA nahIM karatA, use naraka meM jAnA caahie|" vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'yajJa' zabda kA artha batalAkara ve apane mata kI puSTi karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki yadi 'yajJa' zabda kA artha 'hiMsA" 1. DaoN0 umeza mizra : bhAratIya darzana, pR068 2. eca0sI0 bhayAnI : rAmAyaNa-samIkSA, zrI veMkaTezvara yUnivarsiTI, tirupati, 1967, pR076 3. u0pa0,671/88 4. u0pu0, 67/160 5. vahI, 67/161 6. vahI, 67/161-62 7. 'svarlokaH kriyate'smAbhirapi yAjJo yathocitam / ' u.pu0, 67/172 8. 'dharmo yAgo'yamityetatpramANapadavIM vcH| na prAptotpata evAna na vartante manISiNaH / ' u0pu0, 67/186 6. u.pu0, 67/187 10. vahI, 67/188 11. vahI, 67/166 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granthA
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________________ mAneM to phira dhAtupATha meM jahAM dhAtuoM ke artha batalAe haiM, vahAM yaj dhAtu kA artha hiMsA kyoM nahIM batalAyA gayA?' vahAM to mAtra 'yaj devapUjAsaMgatikaraNadAneSu' yahI kahA gayA hai| isIlie yajJa kA artha 'hiMsA karanA' kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| apanI bAta ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki yajJa kA artha hiMsA nahIM hai to Arya puruSa prANihiMsA se yukta yajJa kyoM karate haiM ? yaha vAkya azikSita tathA mUrkha vyakti kA lakSaNa hai, kyoMki yaha ArSa aura anArSa ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai / jaina paramparAnusAra isa karmabhUmi-rUpI jagat ke Adi meM hone vAle parabrahma zrIvRSabhadeva tIrthaMkara ke dvArA kahe hue veda meM jIvAdi chaha dravyoM ke bheda kA yathArtha upadeza diyA gayA hai|' satata vidyamAna rahane vAle tathA vastu-sattA ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka dharma ko 'guNa' kahate haiM tathA dezakAlajanya pariNAmazAlI dharma 'paryAya' kahalAte haiM / guNa tathA paryAya viziSTa vastu ko jaina nyAya ke anusAra 'dravya' kahA jAtA hai| jaina dharma meM krodhAgni, kAmAgni aura udarAgni ye tIna agniyAM batalAI gaI haiN| inameM kSamA, vairAgya aura anazana kI AhutiyAM dene vAle jo RSi, yati, muni aura dvija vana meM nivAsa karate haiM, ve AtmayajJa kara iSTa artha ko dene vAlI aSTamI pRthvI-mokSa ko prApta karate haiN| isake atirikta tIrthakara, gaNadhara tathA anya kevaliyoM ke uttama zarIra ke saMskAra se pUjya evaM agnikumAra indra ke mukuTa se utpanna huI tIna agniyAM haiM jinameM atyanta bhakta tathA dAna Adi uttamottama kriyAoM ko karane vAle tapasvI gRhastha paramAtma-pada ko prApta hue| apane pitA tathA prapitAmaha ko uddezya kara RSi-praNIta veda meM kahe maMtroM kA uccAraNa karate hue, jo akSata-gandha-phala Adi kI Ahuti dI jAtI hai, vaha dUsarA 'ArSa yajJa' kahalAtA hai| jo loga nirantara yaha yajJa karate haiM, ve indra ke samAna mAnanIya padoM para adhiSThita hokara 'lokAntika' nAmaka devabrAhmaNa hote haiM aura aMta meM samasta pApoM ko naSTa kara mokSa prApta karate haiN| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM yajJa kA gRhastha aura muni ke Azraya se do prakAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| inameM se pahalA mokSa kA sAkSAta kAraNa hai aura dUsarA paramparA se mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra devayajJa kI yaha vidhi paramparA se calI AI hai, yahI donoM lokoM kA hita karane vAlI tathA nirantara vidyamAna rahane vAlI hai| uttarapurANa kI rAmakathA ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki kabhI-kabhI yajJoM kA durupayoga bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| muni suvratanAtha tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM, sagara rAjA se dveSa karane vAle mahAkAla nAmaka asura ne yajJAnuSThAna kA durupayoga kara hiMsA yajJa kA upadeza diyA thaa| usane apane krUra asuroM ko rAjA sagara ke rAjya meM tIvra jvara Adi ke dvArA pIr3A utpanna karane ko khaa| mahAkAla ke mitra parvata ne rAjA sagara se kahA ki maiM maMtrasahita yajJoM ke dvArA isa ghora amaMgala ko zAnta kara sakatA huuN| vaha use hiMsAtmaka yajJa karane ke lie prerita karatA huA kahatA hai ki 'vidhAtA ne pazuoM kI sRSTi yajJa ke lie hI kI hai', ataH unakI hiMsA se pApa nahIM hotA, kintu svarga ke vizAla sukha pradAna karane vAle puNya hI hote haiN| isa prakAra ke vacanoM dvArA vizvAsa dilAkara, usane rAjA sagara se 60 hajAra pazu tathA yajJa-yogya anya padArthoM kA saMgraha karane ke lie khaa| rAjA sagara ne bhI saba sAmagrI use sauMpa dii| idhara parvata ne bhI yajJa Arambha kara prANiyoM ko AmaMtrita kara maMtroccAraNapUrvaka unheM yajJa-kuNDa meM DAlanA prArambha kiyaa| udhara mahAkAla ne unheM vimAnoM para baiThAkara svarga jAte hue dikhalAyA / isI bIca unhoMne sagara ke rAjA ke saba amaMgala bhI dUra kara die| aMta meM eka ghor3A aura rAnI sulasA ko bhI homa meM Ahuti rUpa meM DAla diyA gayA, jisase rAjA sagara atyanta duHkhI huaa| usane yativara muni se apane dvArA kie gae kArya ke viSaya meM puuchaa| muni ne kahA ki yaha kArya dharmazAstra se bahiSkRta hai| isase Apako sAtaveM naraka kI prApti hogii| nArada bhI isa kArya kI 1. 'hisAyAmiti dhAtvarthapAThe ki na vidhIyate / na hiMsA yajJazabdArtho yadi prANavadhAtmakam / / ' u0pu0, 67/166 2. u0pu0, 67/200 3. vahI, 67/201 4. 'guNaparyAyavad dravyam / ' tattvArthasUtra, 5/37 5. u0pa0, 67/202-3 6. u0pu0, 67/204-6 7. vahIM, 67/207 8. vahI. 67/210 6. vahI, 67/212 10. vahI, 67/357 11. vahI, 67/358 12. vahI, 67/367 jaina sAhityAnuzIlama 87
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________________ bhartsanA karate hue kahate haiM ki 'rAjA sagara ko parivAra sahita naSTa karane kI icchA karane vAle kisI mAyAvI ne yaha upAya racA hai|" bAda meM nArada ke kahane para vidyAdharoM dvArA yajJa meM vighna upasthita kie ge| para mahAkAla ne parvata Adi ko jinendra ke AkAra kI sundara pratimAoM meM parivartita kara diyA aura unakI pUjA karane aura tadanantara yajJa kI vidhi ko prArambha karane ke lie kahA, kyoMki jahAM jina biMba hote haiM, vahAM vidyAdharoM kI zaktiyAM bhI kSINa ho jAtI haiN| tadanantara vidyAdhara kumAra dinakara deva yajJa meM vighna karane kI icchA se AyA, parantu jina pratimAeM dekhakara vApisa lauTa gyaa| isa prakAra yajJa kI samApti nivighna ho gaI aura parvata Adi Ayu ke anta meM mRtyu ko prApta kara cirakAla ke lie naraka meM duHkha bhogane lge| isa prakAra upayukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dharma meM pazu-himA kA kaThora virodha kiyA gayA hai tathA 'yajJAnuSThAna' Adi ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| isa dharma meM jinendra deva kI pUjA ko hI mahattva diyA jAtA hai aura 'yajJa' zabda isI artha meM prayukta hotA hai| anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka parAmarza ke pahale use sImita tathA sApekSa banAne ke vicAra se 'syAt' vizeSaNa kA jor3anA atyanta Avazyaka hai / 'syAt' (kathaMcit) zabda as dhAtu ke vidhiliMga ke rUpa kA tiGanta prAtipadika avyaya mAnA jAtA hai| ghar3e ke viSaya meM hamArA parAmarza 'syAdasti=kathaMcit yaha vidyamAna haiN| isI rUpa meM honA caahie| jaina darzana pratyeka parAmarza vAkya ke sAtha 'syAt' pada kA yoga karane ke lie Agraha karatA hai / yahI suprasiddha syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda hai jo jaina darzana kI pramANamImAMsA ke itihAsa meM eka mahattvapUrNa dena mAnA jAtA hai| jaina darzana kA yaha prathama siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka huA karatI hai| jaina darzana vastu ke ananta dharmoM meM se eka dharma ke jJAna ko 'naya' ke nAma se pukArate haiM / naya siddhAnta jaina darzana kA eka mukhya viSaya mAnA jAtA hai| isakA vivecana jaina granthoM meM bar3e vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM svayaM mahAvIra ne 'syAdasti', 'syAnnAsti' tathA 'syAd avyaktam'-ina tIna bhaMgoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| Age calakara inhIM mUla bhaMgoM ke pArasparika mizraNa se 'saptabhaMgI' kI kalpanA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| jaina nyAyAnusAra kisI bhI padArtha ke viSaya meM 'syAdasti, syAnnAsti, syAdasti ca nAsti ca, syAd avaktavyam, syAdasti avaktavyaM, syAnnAsti ca avaktavyaM ca, syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavyaM ca' Adi itane hI prakAra kA jJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai| ataH sAta prakAroM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa yaha 'saptabhaMgInaya' kahalAtA hai| uttarapurANa meM varNita rAmakathA kA adhyayana karane se 'anekAntavAda' yA 'syAdvAda' ke siddhAnta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai, uttarapurANa meM prasaMgavaza vaNita 'parvata' aura 'nArada' ke AkhyAna se isa mata kI puSTi karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| eka bAra parvata ke pitA apane putra aura ziSya nArada, donoM ko ATe kA eka bakara nAkara dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki jahAM koI bhI na dekha sake aise sthAna meM jAkara candana tathA mAlA Adi mAMgalika padArthoM se isakI pUjA karo phira kAna kATakara ise Aja hI vApisa le aao|" parvata socatA hai ki isa vana meM koI bhI nahIM dekha rahA hai, isalie vaha bakare ke donoM kAna kATakara vApisa lauTa AtA hai| lekina nArada socatA hai ki adRzya sthAna to yahAM koI bhI nahIM hai / candramA, sUrya, nakSatra, tAre Adi saba dekha rahe haiN| pakSI tathA hariNa Adi aneka jIva bhI samIpa meM upasthita haiM / ata: aisA vicArakara vaha vApisa lauTa AtA hai aura sampUrNa vRttAnta apane guru ko nivedita kara detA hai| 1. vahI, 67/366 2. vahI, 67/451 3. baladeva upAdhyAya : bhAratIya darzana, vArANasI 1671, pR0 103 4. pramANamImAMsA (sindhI jaina granthamAlA : 1636) prastAvanA, pU018 5. valadeva upAdhyAya : bhAratIya darzana, pU0 101 6. 'ekadeza viziSTo yo nayasya viSayo mataH / ' nyAyAvatAra, 26 7. tattvArthasUna, 1/34-35 8. pramANasamuccaya : paM0 sukhalAlakRta prastAvanA, pR0 15-28 6. baladeva upAdhyAya : bhAratIya darzana, pR0 105-6 10. u0 pu0, 67/305-6 11. vahI, 67/308-6 12. vahI, 67/314 88 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ nArada ke vacanoM ko sunakara putra kI mUrkhatA para vicAra karate hue guru kahate haiM ki "jo ekAntavAdI kAraNa ke anusAra kArya mAnate haiM, vahI ekAntavAda hai|" yaha mithyA hai kyoMki sarvadA kAraNa ke anusAra hI kArya ho, aisA nahIM hotA / guNabhadra AcArya ne brAhmaNa ke mukha se isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai| vaha kahatA hai ki maiM sadA dayA se Ardra hUM, parantu mujhase utpanna putra atyanta nirdayI hai|' isa prakAra kAraNa ke anurUpa kArya kahAM huA? isa prakAra 'ekAntavAda' kA khaNDana karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI ora kahIM kArya kAraNa ke anusAra hotA hai, aura kahIM usake viparIta bhI hotA hai| yahI 'syAdvAda' hai| yahI vAstava meM satya hai| isI ko 'anekAntavAda' bhI kahA jAtA hai| aMta meM niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana mukhya rUpa se AcAra-vicAra se anuprerita hai| pUrva meM ina logoM kA vizeSa dhyAna deha-zuddhi, antaHkaraNa-zuddhi Adi para hI thaa| jaina dharma meM 'tIrthakara' kA pada sabase bar3A hai / isa avasthA ko prApta kara jIva samyak jJAna, samyak vAk tathA samyak cAritra se yukta hokara sAdhu' ho jAte haiN| kisI prakAra kA roga evaM bhaya inheM nahIM staataa| inameM 'matijJAna', 'zrutajJAna', 'avadhijJAna' evaM 'mana:paryAyajJAna' svabhAvataH hote haiN| karma-bandhanoM se mukta hokara ye 'kevalajJAnI' bhI ho jAte haiN|' isa prakAra jaina devazAstra meM tIrthaMkara' hI sarvopari mAne jAte haiM / triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM meM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 6 baladeva, 6 vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva hote haiM / ( inakI jIvaniyAM jaina dharma meM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata va purANoM ke tulya mahattva rakhatI haiN|) rAma aura lakSmaNa kramazaH AThaveM baladeva aura AThaveM vAsudeva haiN| jaina dharma meM Izvara kI sattA ko sarvocca nahIM mAnA gayA hai| tIrthakaroM' ko hI Izvara ke samAna mAnA gayA hai jo anta meM nirvANa prApta kara janma mRtyu ke cakkara se mukta ho jAte haiN| anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda ko bhI jaina dharma meM sthAna milA hai| inake anusAra, pratyeka vastu ananta-dharmAtmaka hotI hai / jaina darzana vastu ke aneka dharmoM meM se eka dharma ke jJAna ko 'naya' ke nAma se pukAratA hai / 'naya siddhAnta' jaina darzana kA eka mukhya viSaya mAnA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM pratyeka parAmarza-vAkya ke sAtha 'syAt' pada jor3A jAtA hai / yahI 'syAdvAda' hai| uttara purANa meM varNita rAmakathA meM prasaMgavaza vaNita parvata va nArada ke AkhyAna se isa mata kI puSTi kI gaI hai| ekAntavAdI kAraNa ke anusAra kArya mAnate haiN| isa prakAra AcArya guNabhadra ne rAmakathA ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma aura darzana sambandhI siddhAntoM ko puSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| mukhya rUpa se jaina dharma aura darzana meM karma siddhAnta, kie hue karmoM ke anusAra hI punarjanma-prApti, vedoM kI aprAmANikatA, yajJoM kI anupAdeyatA, ekAntavAda ke khaNDana, syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda kI sthApanA, tIrthaMkaroM kI sarvoccatA tathA anta meM ratnatraya (samyaga darzana, samyag jJAna tathA samyag cAritra) kI prApti kara nirvANa para hI bala diyA gayA hai aura saMkSepa meM ye hI jaina dharma aura darzana ke prANa haiM, jo guNabhadrAcArya dvArA apane uttara purANa meM rAmakathA dvArA puSTa kie gae haiN| gujarAta meM prAcIna sAhitya kI paramparA bahuta kucha akhaMDa rUpa meM milatI hai| prAkRta aura apabhraza kI racanAoM kA to usameM akSaya bhaMDAra upalabdha hotA hai| usakA sambandha mukhyatayA jaina-dharma se hai, kyoMki bhArata ke isa pazcimI bhUbhAga, lATa-gurjara-saurASTra pradeza meM jaina-matAvalaMbiyoM kA prabhutva prAyaH IsvI san ke prArambha meM hI milane lagatA hai| madhyakAla se pUrva gujarAta meM jo bhI mahattvapUrNa rAmakAvya prApta hote haiM, ve sabhI jaina-vicAradhArA se sambaddha haiM aura unameM vaNita rAmakathA vAlmIkirAmAyaNa para AdhArita hote hue bhI aneka aMzoM meM usase bhinna hai| rAma, sItA, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa Adi rAmAyaNa ke sabhI mukhya pAtra jainadharmAnuyAyI citrita kie gae haiM aura kathAgata bhinnatAoM kA kAraNa bhI sAhityika na hokara dhArmika evaM saiddhAMtika hI adhika pratIta hotA hai| aisI racanAoM meM prAkRta meM racita vimalasUri kRta 'paumacariu' (tIsarI-cauthI zatI I0), saMskRta meM racita raviSeNa kRta 'padmacarita' (sAtavIM zatI I0), apabhraza meM racita svayaMbhUdevakRta 'paumacariu' (AThavIM zatI I0), saMskRta meM racita guNabhadrakRta 'uttarapurANa' (navIM zatI I0) tathA hemacaMdrakRta 'jainarAmAyaNa' (bArahavIM zatI I0) ityAdi graMthoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| gujarAta meM jaina rAma-kathA ke do bhinna rUpa pracalita milate haiM, jo vimalasUri aura guNabhadra kI racanAoM para AdhArita haiN| -zrI jagadIza gupta ke nibandha 'gujarAta meM rAma-kAvya kI paramparA tathA rAma-bhakti kA pracAra' se sAbhAra (rASTra-kavi maithalIzaraNa gupta abhinandana grantha, pR0 saM0846) 1. u0pu0, 67316 2. u0 pu0, 67315 3. hArTa oNpha jainijma : pU0 32-33; pandraha pUrva bhAgoM kI bhUmikA, bhAga 1, pR0 24 4. umeza mitha : hisTarI oNpha iMDiyana philAsaphI, bhAga 1, pR0 228; hArTa oNpha jainijma, pU0 56-57 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 86