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________________ jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna jaina sAdhanA kA lakSya samabhAva (sAmAyika) kI upalabdhi hai aura samabhAva kI upalabdhi hetu svAdhyAya aura satsAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| sat sAhitya kA svAdhyAya manuSya kA eka aisA mitra hai, jo anukUla evaM pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM usakA sAtha nibhAtA hai aura usakA mArga-darzana kara usake mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM tanAvoM ko samApta karatA hai| aise sAhitya ke svAdhyAya se vyakti ko sadaiva hI AtmatoSa aura AdhyAtmika Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai| yaha mAnasika zAMti kA amogha upAya hai| svAdhyAya kA mahattva sat - sAhitya svAdhyAya kA mahattva ati prAcIna kAla se hI svIkRta rahA hai| aupaniSadika cintana meM jaba ziSya apanI zikSA pUrNa karake guru ke Azrama se bidAI letA, to use dI jAne vAlI antima zikSAoM meM eka zikSA hotI thI svAdhyAyAn mA pramadaH arthAt svAdhyAya meM pramAda mata karanA | svAdhyAya eka aisI vastu hai jo guru kI anupasthiti meM bhI guru kA kArya karatI thI / svAdhyAya se hama koI-na-koI mArga darzana prApta kara hI lete haiN| mahAtmA gAMdhI kahA karate the ki "jaba bhI maiM kisI kaThinAI meM hotA hU~, mere sAmane koI jaTila samasyA hotI hai, jisakA nidAna mujhe spaSTa rUpa se pratIta nahIM hotA hai| maiM gItA-mAtA kI goda meM calA jAtA hU~, vahA~ mujhe koI-na-koI samAdhAna avazya mila jAtA hai|" yaha satya hai ki vyakti kitane hI tanAva meM kyoM na ho, agara vaha ImAnadArI se sadgranthoM kA svAdhyAya karatA hai to use unameM apanI pIr3A se mukti kA mArga avazya hI dikhAyI detA hai| -- - pro. sAgaramala jaina ---- jaina paramparA meM jise mukti kahA gayA hai, vaha vastutaH rAga-dveSa se mukti hai, mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai aura aisI mukti ke lie pUrva karma saMskAroM kA nirjaraNa yA kSaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| nirjarA kA artha hai - mAnasika granthiyoM ko jarjarita karanA arthAt mana kI rAga-dveSa, ahaMkAra Adi kI gAMThoM ko kholnaa| ise granthi-bheda karanA bhI kahate haiN| nirjarA eka sAdhanA hai| vastutaH vaha tapa kI hI sAdhanA hai| jaina paramparA meM tapa sAdhanA ke jo 12 bheda mAne gae haiM, unameM svAdhyAya kI gaNanA Antarika tapa ke antargata hotI hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya mukti kA mArga hai| jaina sAdhanA kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM svAdhyAya ko Antarika tapa kA eka prakAra batAte hue usake pA~coM aMgoM evaM unakI upalabdhiyoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se
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________________ yaha kahA gayA hai ki "navi atthi na vi a hohI, sajjhAya samaM tyo kammaM" arthAt svAdhyAya ke samAna dUsarA tapa na atIta meM koI thA, na vartamAna meM koI hai aura na bhaviSya meM koI hogaa| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM svAdhyAya ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAna kA prakAza prApta hotA hai, jisase samasta duHkhoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| vastutaH svAdhyAya jJAna prApti kA eka mahattvapUrNa upAya hai| kahA bhI hai. 38 nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, annANa- mohassa vivajjaNAe / rAgassa dosassa va saMkharaNaM, egantasokkhaM samuveI mokkhaM / / tassesa maggo guru-viddhasevA, vajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| sajjhAya- egantanisevaNA ya, suttatyasaMcintaNayA ghiI ya / / jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna svAdhyAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai kI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI gayI hai| 11 arthAt sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAzana se, ajJAna aura moha ke parihAra se, rAga-dveSa ke pUrNa kSaya se jIva ekAnta sukha-rUpa mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| gurujanoM kI aura vRddhoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM ke samparka se dUra rahanA, sUtra aura artha kA cintana karanA, svAdhyAya karanA aura dhairya rakhanA * yahI duHkhoM se mukti kA upAya hai| svAdhyAya kA artha -- - - sva kA adhyayana / vAcaspatyam meM svAdhyAya zabda 1. sva + adhi + IN jisakA tAtparya hai ki sva kA adhyayana karanA, dUsare zabdoM meM svAdhyAya AtmAnubhUti hai, apane andara jhAMka kara apane Apa ko dekhanA hai / vaha svayaM apanA adhyayana hai| merI dRSTi meM apane vicAroM, vAsanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko jAnane va samajhane kA prayatna hI svAdhyAya hai| vastutaH vaha apanI AtmA kA adhyayana hI hai| AtmA ke darpaNa meM apane ko dekhanA hai| jaba taka sva kA adhyayana nahIM hogA, vyakti apanI vAsanAoM evaM vikAroM kA draSTA nahIM banegA taba taka vaha unheM dUra karane kA prayatna nahIM karegA aura jaba taka ve dUra nahIM hoMge, taba taka AdhyAtmika pavitratA yA Atma-1 - vizuddhi saMbhava nahIM hogI aura Atma-vizuddhi ke binA mukti asambhava hai| yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki jo gRhiNI apane ghara kI gaMdagI ko dekha pAtI hai, vaha use dUra kara ghara ko svaccha bhI rakha sakatI hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti apanI manodaihika vikRtiyoM ko jAna letA hai| aura unake kAraNoM kA nidAna kara letA hai, vahI suyogya vaidya ke parAmarza se unakI yogya cikitsA karake anta meM svAsthya lAbha karatA hai| yahI bAta hamArI AdhyAtmika vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane kI prakriyA meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| jo vyakti svayaM apane andara jhAMkakara apanI caitasika vikRtiyoM arthAt kaSAyoM ko jAna letA hai, vahI yogya guru ke sAnidhya meM unakA nirAkaraNa karake AdhyAtmika vizuddhatA ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya arthAt sva kA adhyayana Atma-vizuddhi kI eka anupama sAdhanA siddha hotI hai| hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/2-3
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 39 svAdhyAya kA mUla artha to apanA adhyayana hI hai, svayaM meM jhAMkanA hai| svayaM ko jAnane aura pahacAnane kI vRtti ke abhAva se sUtroM yA granthoM ke adhyayana kA koI bhI lAbha nahIM hotA hai / antarcakSu ke unmIlana ke binA jJAna kA prakAza sArthaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| kahA bhI hai subahupi suyamahIyaM kiM kAhI ? caraNavippahINassa / aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassa koDivi / / appaMpi suyamahIyaM payAsayaM hoI caraNajuttassa / ikko vi jaha paIvI, sacakkhuassa payAseI || - Avazyakaniyukti, 88-89 13 arthAt jaise aMdhe vyakti ke lie karor3oM dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI vyartha hai - kintu A~kha vAle vyakti ke lie eka bhI dIpaka kA prakAza sArthaka hotA hai| usI prakAra jisake antara- cakSu khula gaye haiM, jisakI antaryAtrA prArambha ho cukI hai, aise AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ke lie svalpa adhyayana bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai, anyathA Atma vismRta vyakti ke lie karor3oM padoM kA jJAna bhI nirarthaka hai| svAdhyAya meM antarcakSu kA khulanA Atma-draSTA bananA, svayaM meM jhAMkanA, pahalI zarta hai, zAstra kA par3hanA yA adhyayana karanA usakA dUsarA caraNa hai| 19 svAdhyAya zabda kI dUsarI vyAkhyA su+A+aghi+ ID - isa rUpa meM bhI kI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se svAdhyAya kI paribhASA hotI hai. zobhano'dhyAyaH svAdhyAyaH arthAt sat-sAhitya kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya kI ina donoM paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para eka bAta jo ubhara kara sAmane AtI hai vaha yaha ki sabhI prakAra kA paThana-pAThana svAdhyAya nahIM hai| Atma-vizuddhi ke lie kiyA gayA apanI svakIya vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM va vAsanAoM athavA vicAroM kA adhyayana yA nirIkSaNa tathA aise sadgranthoM kA paThana-pAThana, jo hamArI caittasika vikRtiyoM ke samajhane aura unheM dUra karane meM sahAyaka hoM, hI svAdhyAya ke antargata AtA hai| viSaya-vAsanA varddhaka, bhogAkAMkSAoM ko udIpta karane vAle, citta ko vicalita karane vAle aura AdhyAtmika zAMti aura samatA ko bhaMga karane vAle sAhitya kA adhyayana svAdhyAya kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| unhIM granthoM kA adhyayana hI svAdhyAya kI koTi meM AtA hai jisase citta vRttiyoM kI caMcalatA kama hotI ho, mana prazAnta hotA ho aura jIvana meM saMtoSa kI vRtti vikasita hotI ho / ---- svAdhyAya kA svarUpa svAdhyAya ke antargata kauna sI pravRttiyAM AtI haiM, isakA vizleSaNa jaina paramparA meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| svAdhyAya ke pA~ca aMga mAne gae haiM 1. vAcanA 2. pratipRcchanA 3. parAvartanA 4. anuprekSA aura 5 dharmakathA / ---- 1. guru ke sAnidhya meM sadgranthoM kA adhyayana karanA vAcanA hai| vartamAna sandarbha meM hama kisI sadgrantha ke paThana-pAThana evaM adhyayana ko vAcanA ke artha meM grahIta kara sakate haiN|
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________________ 2. pratipRcchanA kA artha hai paThita yA par3he jAne vAle grantha ke arthabodha meM sandeha Adi kI nivRtti hetu jijJAsA vRtti se, yA viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke nimitta prazna-uttara karanA / 3. pUrva paThita grantha kI punarAvRtti yA pArAyaNa karanA, yaha parAvartanA hai / 4. pUrva paThita viSaya ke sandarbha meM cintana-manana karanA anuprekSA hai| 5. isI prakAra adhyayana ke mAdhyama se jo jJAna prApta huA hai, use dUsaroM ko pradAna karanA yA dharmopadeza denA dharmakathA hai I 40 yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki svAdhyAya ke kSetra meM ina pA~coM avasthAoM kA eka krama hai| inameM prathama sthAna vAcanA kA hai| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke spaSTa bodha ke lie praznottara ke mAdhyama se zaMkA kA nivAraNa karanA isakA krama dUsarA hai, kyoMki jaba taka adhyayana nahIM hogA taba taka zaMkA Adi bhI nahIM hogeN| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie usakA pArAyaNa Avazyaka hai| isase eka ora smRti sudRr3ha hotI hai to dUsarI ora kramazaH artha-bodha meM spaSTatA kA vikAsa hotA hai. isake pazcAt anuprekSA yA cintana kA krama AtA hai| cintana ke mAdhyama se vyakti paThita viSaya ko na kevala sthira karatA hai, apitu vaha usake arthabodha kI gaharAI meM jAkara svataH kI anubhUti ke stara para use samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai / isa prakAra cintana evaM manana ke dvArA jaba viSaya spaSTa ho jAya, to vyakti ko dharmopadeza dene yA adhyayana karAne kA adhikAra milatA hai| -- -- svAdhyAya ke lAbha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSaya hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA mithyAjJAna kA AvaraNa dUra karake samyakjJAna kA arjana karatA hai| svAdhyAya ke isa sAmAnya lAbha kI carcA ke sAtha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ke pA~coM aMgoM vAcanA, prati pRcchanA, dharmakathA Adi ke apane apane kyA lAbha hote haiM isakI bhI carcA kI gayI hai, jo nimna rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna bhante ! vAcanA (adhyayana) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? vAcanA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, zrutajJAna kI AzAtanA ke doSa se dUra rahane vAlA vaha tIrtha - dharma kA avalambana karatA hai gaNadharoM ke samAna jijJAsu ziSyoM ko zruta pradAna karatA hai| tIrtha-dharma kA avalambana lekara karmoM kI mahAnirjarA karatA hai aura mahAparyavasAna (saMsAra kA anta ) karatA hai / ---- bhante ! parAvartanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? bhante ! pratipRcchanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? pratipRcchanA (pUrvapaThita zAstra ke sambandha meM zaMkAnivRtti ke lie prazna karanA) se jIva sUtra, artha aura tadubhaya arthAt donoM se sambandhita kAMkSAmohanIya (saMzaya) kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai | --
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina parAvartanA se arthAt paThita pATha ke punarAvartana se vyaMjana ( zabda - pATha) sthira hotA hai aura jIva padAnusAritA Adi vyaMjanA- labdhi ko prApta hotA hai| bhante ! anuprekSA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? anuprekSA arthAt sUtrArtha ke cintana-manana se jIva AyuSyakarma ko chor3akara zeSa jJAnAvaraNAdi sAta karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana ko zithila karatA hai| unakI dIrghakAlIna sthiti ko alpakAlIna karatA hai| unake tIvra rasAnubhAva ko manda karatA hai| bahukarma pradezoM ko alpa- pradezoM meM parivartita karatA hai| AyuSyakarma kA bandha kadAcit karatA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI karatA hai / asAtAvedanIyakarma kA punaH punaH upacaya nahIM karatA hai| jo saMsAra aTavI anAdi evaM ananta hai, dIrghamArga se yukta hai, jisake narakAdi gatirUpa cAra anta (avayava) hai, use zIghra hI pAra karatA hai| bhante ! dharmakathA (dharmopadeza ) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? dharma kathA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai aura pravacana (zAsana evaM siddhAnta) kI prabhAvanA karatA hai| pravacana kI prabhAvanA karane vAlA jIva bhaviSya meM zubha phala dene vAle puNya karmoM kA bandha karatA hai| 1 41 -- isI prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra meM bhI zAstrAdhyayana ke kyA lAbha haiM ? isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki sUtra kI vAcanA ke 5 lAbha haiN| 1. vAcanA se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai arthAt yadi adhyayana kA krama banA rahe to jJAna kI vaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| 2. zAstrAdhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti se ziSya kA hita hotA hai, kyoMki vaha usake jJAna kI prApti kA mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai| 3. zAstrAdhyayana arthAt adhyApana kI pravRtti banI rahane se jJAnAvaraNa karma kI nirjarA hotI hai arthAt ajJAna kA nAza hotA hai| 4. adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti ke jIvita rahane se usake vismRta hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| 5. jaba zruta sthira rahatA hai to usakI avicchinna paramparA calatI rahatI hai| 1 svAdhyAya kA prayojana sthAnAMgasUtra (5) meM svAdhyAya kyoM karanA cAhie isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojana hone cAhie 1. jJAna kI prApti ke liye 2. samyaka jJAna kI prApti ke liye 3. sadAcarana meM pravRtti ke hetu 4. durAgrahoM aura ajJAna kA vimocana karane ke liye 5. yathArtha kA bodha karane ke lie yA yathA avasthita bhAvoM kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie / -- AcArya akalaMka ne tatvArtharAjavArtika, 9 / 25 meM svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojanoM kI bhI carcA kI hai 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/20-24. --
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________________ 42 1. buddhi kI nirmalatA, 2. prazasta manobhAvoM kA prApti, 3. jina zAsana kI rakSA, 4. saMzaya kI nivRti, 5 parivAdiyoM kI zaMkA kA nirasana, 6 tapa-tyAga kI vRddhi aura aticAroM (doSoM) kI zuddhi / svAdhyAya kA sAdhaka jIvana meM sthAna jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna svAdhyAya kA jaina paramparA meM kitanA mahattva rahA hai, isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke mAdhyama se hI apanI bAta ko spaSTa karU~gA / usameM muni kI jIvana-caryA kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai- divasassa dhauro bhAge kujjA bhikkhU viyaktraNo / tao uttaraguNe kujjA diNabhAgesu ghausu vi / / padamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyAyaI / asure bhikkhAdhariyaM puNo ghaDatthIe sajjhAyaM / / rati pi cauro bhAge bhikkhU kujjA viyakkhaNo / tao uttaraguNe kujjA rAibhArasu dhausu vi / / paDhamaM porisi sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhiyAyaI / saiyAe niddamokkhaM tu vautthI bhujjo vi sajjhAyaM / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/11, 12, 17, 18 muni dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya kareM, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna kareM, tIsare meM bhikSA-caryA evaM daihika AvazyakatA kI nivRtti kA kArya kareM / punaH caturtha prahara meM svAdhyAya kareM isI prakAra rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM nidrA va cauthe meM punaH svAdhyAya kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra muni pratidina cAra prahara arthAt 12 ghaMTe svAdhyAya meM rata rahe, dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhaka jIvana kA AdhA bhAga svAdhyAya ke liye niyata thaa| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainaparamparA meM svAdhyAya kI mahattva prAcIna kAla se hI susthApita rahA hai, kyoMki yahI eka aisA mAdhyama thA jisake dvArA vyakti ke ajJAna kA nivAraNa tathA AdhyAtmika vizuddhi sambhava thii| satsAhitya ke adhyayana kI dizAyeM sat - sAhitya ke paThana ke rUpa meM svAdhyAya kI kyA upayogitA hai ? yaha suspaSTa hai| vastutaH sat- sAhitya kA adhyayana vyakti kI jIvana dRSTi ko hI badala detA hai| aise aneka loga haiM jinakI sat - sAhitya ke adhyayana se jIvana kI dizA hI badala gayI / svAdhyAya eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jo ekAMta ke kSaNoM meM hameM akelApana mahasUsa nahIM hone detA aura eka sacce mitra kI bhA~ti sadaiva sAtha detA hai aura mArga-darzana karatA hai / vartamAna yubha meM yadyapi logoM meM par3hane-par3hAne kI rUci vikasita huI hai, kintu hamAre paThana kI viSaya vastu samyak nahI hai| Aja ke vyakti ke paThana-pAThana kA mukhya viSaya patra-patrikAe~ haiN|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina inameM mukhya rUpa se ve hI patrikAe~ adhika pasaMda kI jA rahI haiM jo vAsanAoM ko ubhArane vAlI tathA jIvana ke vipita pakSa ko yathArtha ke nAma para prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| Aja samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kA jo patana hai usakA kAraNa hamAre prasAra mAdhyama bhI haiN| ina mAdhyamoM meM patra-patrikAe~ tathA AkAzavANI evaM dUradarzana pramukha haiN| Aja sthiti aisI hai ki ye sabhI apaharaNa, balAtkAra, gabana, DakaitI, corI, hatyA -- ina sabakI sUcanAoM se bhare par3e hote haiM aura hama unako par3hane aura dekhane meM adhika rasa lete haiN| inake darzana aura pradarzana se hamArI jIvana dRSTi hI vikRta ho cukI hai, Aja saccaritra vyaktiyoM evaM unake jIvana vRttAntoM kI sAmAnya rUpa se ina mAdhyamoM ke dvarA upekSA kI jAtI hai| ataH naitikamUlyoM aura sadAcAra se hamArI AsthA uThatI jA rahI ma ina vikRta paristhitiyoM meM yadi manuSya ke caritra ko uThAnA hai aura use sanmArga evaM naitikatA kI ora prerita karanA hai to hameM apane adhyayana kI dRSTi badalanA hogaa| Aja sAhitya ke nAma para jo bhI hai vaha paThanIya hai, aisA nahIM hai| Aja yaha Avazyaka hai ki satsAhitya kA prasAraNa ho aura logoM meM usake adhyayana kI abhiruci jAgata ho| yahI sacce artha meM svAdhyAya hai| - pro. sAgaramala jaina, nidezaka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5.