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________________ jainadharma meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA : eka vizleSaNa ahiMsA kA artha-vistAra evaM usake vividha-AyAma ho, aura cAhe yaha bhI mAna liyA ho ki sabhI jIvadhAriyoM ko jIvana vizva ke lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM evaM dharmagranthoM meM kisI na kisI utanA hI priya hai, jitanA tumheM apanA hai, kintu usameM allAha kI rUpa meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA pAyI jAtI hai| ahiMsA ke siddhAnta isa karuNA kA artha svadharmiyoM taka hI sImita rhaa| itara manuSyoM ke kI isa sArvabhauma svIkRti ke bAvajUda bhI ahiMsA ke artha ko lekara prati islAma Aja taka saMvedanazIla nahIM bana skaa| puna: yahUdI aura una sabameM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke bIca khIcI gaI islAma donoM hI dharmoM meM dharma ke nAma para pazubali ko sAmAnya rUpa bheda-rekhA sabhI meM alaga-alaga hai| kahIM pazuvadha ko hI nahIM, nara-bali se Aja taka svIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ina dharmoM meM manuSya ko bhI hiMsA kI koTi meM nahIM mAnA gayA hai, to kahIM vAnaspatika kI saMvedanazIlatA svajAti aura svadharmI arthAt apanoM se adhika hiMsA arthAt per3a-paudhoM ko pIr3A denA bhI hiMsA mAnA jAtA hai| cAhe arthavistAra nahIM pA sakI hai| isa saMvedanazIlatA kA adhika vikAsa ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA una sabameM samAnarUpa se upasthita ho kintu hameM IsAI dharma meM dikhAI detA hai| IsA zatru ke prati bhI karuNAzIla ahiMsaka-cetanA kA vikAsa una sabameM sAmAnarUpa se nahIM huA hai| hone kI bAta kahate haiN| ve ahiMsA, karuNA aura sevA ke kSetra meM apane kyA mUsA ke Thou shalt not kill Adeza kA vahI artha hai jo mahAvIra aura parAye, svadharmI aura vidharmI, zatru aura mitra ke bheda se Upara kI 'savve sattA na haMtavvA' kI zikSA hai? yadyapi hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA uTha jAte haiN| isa prakAra unakI karuNA sampUrNa mAnavatA ke prati barasI hogA ki ahiMsA ke arthavikAsa kI yaha yAtrA kisI kAlakrama meM na hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki madhyayuga meM IsAIyoM ne dharma ke nAma para hokara mAnava jAti kI sAmAjika cetanA, mAnavIya viveka evaM khUna kI holI khelI ho aura Izvara-putra ke AdezoM kI avahelanA saMvedanazIlatA ke vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa huI hai| jo vyakti yA kI ho kintu aisA to hama sabhI karate haiN| dharma ke nAma para pazu-bali samAja jIvana ke prati jitanA adhika saMvedanazIla banA usane ahiMsA kI svIkRti bhI IsAI dharma meM nahIM dekhI jAtI hai| isa prakAra usameM ahiMsA ke pratyaya ko utanA hI adhika vyApaka artha pradAna kiyaa| ahiMsA ___ kI avadhAraNA adhika vyApaka banI hai| usakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA ke artha kA yaha vistAra bhI tInoM rUpoM meM huA hai--eka ora ahiMsA yaha hai ki usameM sevA tathA sahayoga ke mUlyoM ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA ko ke artha ko vyApakatA dI gaI, to dUsarI ora ahiMsA kA vicAra eka vidhAyaka-dizA bhI pradAna kI hai| phira bhI sAmAnya jIvana meM pazuvadha adhika gahana hotA calA gyaa| eka ora svajAti aura svadharmI manuSya aura mAMsAhAra ke niSedha kI bAta vahA~ nahIM uThAI gaI hai| ata: usakI kI hatyA ke niSedha se prArambha hokara SaTjIvanikAya kI hiMsA ke niSedha ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA mAnavatA taka hI sImita mAnI jA sakatI hai, taka isane arthavistAra pAyA hai to dUsarI ora prANaviyojana ke bAhya vaha bhI samasta prANI jagat kI pIr3A ke prati saMvedanazIla nahIM bana skaa| rUpa se dveSa, durbhAvanA aura asAvadhAnI (pramAda) ke Antarika rUpa taka, isane gaharAIyoM meM praveza kiyA hai| puna: ahiMsA ne 'hiMsA mata bhAratIya-cintana meM ahiMsA kA artha-vistAra karo' ke niSedhAtmaka artha se lekara dayA, karuNA, dAna, sevA aura cAhe vedoM meM 'pumAMsaM paripAtu vizvataH' (Rgveda, 6.75.14) sahayoga ke vidhAyaka artha taka bhI apanI yAtrA kI hai| isa prakAra ke rUpa meM eka dUsare kI surakSA kI bAta kahI gaI ho athavA 'mitrAsyAhaM hama dekhate haiM ki ahiMsA kA arthavikAsa triAyAmI (thrI DAImenzanala) cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSe (yajurveda, 36.18) ke rUpa meM sarva hai| ataH jaba bhI hama ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA lekara koI carcA karanA prANiyoM ke prati mitra-bhAva kI kAmanA kI gaI ho kiMtu vedoM kI yaha cAhate haiM to hameM usake sabhI pahaluoM kI ora dhyAna denA hogaa| ahiMsaka cetanA mAnavajAti taka hI sImita rahI hai| mAtra itanA hI jainAgamoM ke saMdarbha meM ahiMsA ke artha kI vyApti ko lekara nahIM, vedoM meM aneka aise prasaMga haiM jinameM zatru-varga ke vinAza ke lie koI carcA karane ke pUrva hameM yaha dekha lenA hogA ki ahiMsA kI isa prArthanAe~ bhI kI gaI haiN| yajJoM meM pazubali svIkRta rahI, veda-vihita avadhAraNA ne kahA~ kitanA artha pAyA hai? hiMsA ko hiMsA kI koTi meM nahIM mAnA gyaa| isa prakAra unameM dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko samarthana hI diyA gyaa| vedoM yahUdI, IsAI aura islAma dharma meM ahiMsA kA arthavistAra meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA kA arthavistAra utanA hI hai jitanA kI ____ mUsA ne dhArmika jIvana ke lie jo dasa Adeza prasArita kiye yahUdI aura islAma dharma meN| ahiMsaka cetanA kA sarvAdhika vikAsa the unameM eka hai 'tuma hatyA mata karo', kintu isa Adeza kA artha huA hai zramaNa paramparA meN| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha thA ki gRhastha yahUdI samAja ke lie vyaktigata svArtha ke lie apanI jAtIya bhAI jIvana meM rahakara pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko sAkAra kara pAnA sambhava kI hiMsA nahIM karane se adhika nahIM rhaa| dharma ke nAma para to hama nahIM thaa| jIvanayApana arthAt AhAra, surakSA Adi ke lie hiMsA svayaM pitA ko apane putra kI bali dete hue dekhate haiN| islAma ne Avazyaka to hai hI, ata: una sabhI dharma paramparAoM meM jo mUlata: cAhe allAha ko 'rahimAnurrahoma'-karuNAzIla kahakara sambodhita kiyA nivRttiparaka yA saMnyAsamArgIya nahIM thIM, ahiMsA ko utanA arthavistAra
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________________ 308 prApta nahIM ho sakA jitanA zramaNa dhArA yA saMnyAsamArgIya paramparA meM sambhava thaa| yadyapi bhramaNa paramparAoM ke dvArA hiMsAparaka yajJa-yAgoM kI AlocanA aura mAnavIya viveka evaM saMvedanazIlatA ke vikAsa kA eka pariNAma yaha huA ki vaidika paramparA meM bhI eka ora vedoM ke pazu-hiMsAparaka padoM kA artha ahiMsaka rIti se kiyA jAne lgaa| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM rAjA vasu kA AkhyAna (adhyAya 337-338) isakA pramANa hai| to dUsarI ora dhArmika jIvana ke lie karmakANDa ko anupayukta mAnakara aupaniSadika dhArA ke rUpa meM jJAnamArga kA aura bhAgavata dharma ke rUpa meM bhaktimArga kA vikAsa huaa| isameM ahiMsA kA arthavistAra sampUrNa prANIjagat arthAt sa cIjoM kI hiMsA ke niSedha taka huA hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMnyAsI ko kandamUla evaM phala kA upabhoga karane kI svatantratA hai, isa prakAra vahA~ vAnaspatika hiMsA kA vicAra upasthita nahIM hai| phira bhI yaha to satya hai ki ahiMsaka cetanA ko sarvAdhika vikasita karane kA zreya zramaNa paramparAoM ko hI hai| bhArata meM I0pU0 6 ThIM zatAbdI kA jo bhI itivRtta hameM prApta hotA hai usase aisA lagatA hai ki usa yuga meM pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko sAkAra banAne meM zramaNa sampradAyoM meM hor3a lagI huI thii| kama se kama hiMsA hI zrAmaNya-jIvana kI zreSThatA kA pratimAna thA / sUtrakRtAMga meM Ardraka kumAra kI vibhinna mata vAle zramaNoM se jo carcA hai usameM mUla prazna yahI hai ki kauna sabase adhika ahiMsaka hai ( dekhiye, sUtrakRtAMga 2 / 6 ) | jasa prANiyoM (pazu, pakSI, kITa-pataMga Adi) kI hiMsA to hiMsA thI hI kintu vAnaspatika aura sUkSma prANiyoM kI hiMsA ko bhI hiMsA mAnA jAne lagA / mAtra itanA hI nahIM, manasA, vAcA, karmaNA aura kRta, kArita aura anumodita ke prakArabhedoM se navakoTipUrNa ahiMsA kA vicAra praviSTa huA, arthAt mana, vacana aura zarIra se hiMsA karanA nahIM karavAnA nahIM aura karane vAle kA anumodana bhI nahIM karanA bauddha aura AjIvaka paramparA ke zramaNoM ne bhI isa navakoTika ahiMsA ke Adarza ko svIkAra kara usake artha ko gahanatA aura vyApakatA pradAna kii| phira bhI bauddha paramparA meM SaTjIvanikAya kA vicAra upasthita nahIM thaa| bauddha bhikSu nadI-nAloM ke jala ko chAnakara upayoga karate the| dUsare unake yahA~ navakoTi ahiMsA kI yaha avadhAraNA bhI svayaM kI apekSA se thI-- dUsarA hamAre nimitta kyA karatA hai isakA vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA, jabaki jaina paramparA meM zramaNa ke nimitta se kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kA bhI vicAra kiyA gyaa| nirmanya paramparA kA kahanA thA ki kevala itanA hI paryApta nahIM hai ki hama manasA, vAcA, karmaNA hiMsA na kareM, na karAveM aura na use anumodana deM apitu yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki dUsaroM ko hamAre nimitta hiMsA karane kA avasara bhI nahIM deveM aura unake dvArA kI gaI hiMsA meM bhAgIdAra na bneN| yahI kAraNa thA ki jahA~ buddha aura bauddha bhikSu nimantrita bhojana ko svIkAra karate the vahA~ nirgrantha paramparA meM auddezika AhAra bhI agrAhya mAnA gayA thA, kyoMki usameM naimattika hiMsA ke doSa kI sambhAvanA thii| yadyapi piTakagraMthoM meM bauddha bhikSu ke lie aisA bhojana niSiddha mAnA gayA hai, jisameM usake lie prANihiMsA kI gaI ho aura vaha isa bAta ko jAnatA ho yA usane aisA sunA T jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 / ho phira bhI yaha atizayokti nahIM hai ki ahiMsA ko jitanA vyApaka artha jaina paramparA meM diyA gayA hai, utanA anyatra anupalabdha hI hai| jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA kA arthavistAra saMbhavata: vizva sAhitya meM upalabdha prAcInatama jaina pranya AcArAMga hI aisA hai, jisameM ahiMsA ko sarvAdhika arthavistAra diyA gayA hai| usameM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa prANI ke rUpa meM SaTjIvanikAya ke hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| usake prathama adhyAya kA nAma hI zastra-parijJA hai, jo apane nAma ke anurUpa hI hiMsA ke kAraNa aura sAdhanoM kA viveka karAtA hai| hiMsA ahiMsA ke viveka ke sambandha meM SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA AcArAMga kI apanI vizeSatA hai jo ki paravartI sampUrNa jaina sAhitya meM svIkRta rahI hai| AcArAMga meM na kevala ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ko artha vistAra diyA gayA hai apitu use adhika gahana aura manovaijJAnika banAne kA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM dharma kI do pramukha vyAkhyAyeM upalabdha haiN| prathama vyAkhyA hai-- semiyAe dhamme AriyehiM paveie (1/8/3), AryajanoM ne samatA (samabhAva) ko dharma kahA hai| dharma kI dUsarI vyAkhyA hai-- savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA, na haMtavyA esa dhamme sunDe, niie, sAsae, samicca loyaM kheyannehiM paveie (1/41), kisI bhI prANI, jIva aura satva kI hiMsA nahIM karanA, yahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA upadeza samasta loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara diyA gayA hai| vastutaH dharma kI ve do vyAkhyAe~ do bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM para AdhArita haiN| 'samabhAva' ke rUpa meM dharma kI paribhASA samAja nirapekSa vaiyaktika dharma kI paribhASA hai, kyoki samabhAva saiddhAntika aura manovaijJAnika dRSTi se hamAre sva-svabhAva kA paricAyaka hai| jabaki ahiMsA eka vyAvahArika evaM samAja sApekSa dharma hai, kyoMki vaha loka kI pIr3A ke nivAraNa ke lie hai ahiMsA samabhAva kI sAdhanA kI bAhya abhivyakti hai| samabhAva ahiMsA kA sAratattva hai aura ahiMsA kI AdhAra bhUmi hai| - ahiMsA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para bhI sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| vahAM ahiMsA ko At pravacana kA sAra aura zuddha evaM zAzvata dharma batAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama hameM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA jAve? sUtrakAra isakA bar3A manovaijJAnika uttara prastuta karatA hai; vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai sabve pANA piAuyA suhasAyA duH khapaDikUlA, (1 / 2 / 3) | ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai| astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi maikeMjI ne apane grantha Hindu Ethics meM ahiMsA kA AdhAra 'bhaya' ko mAnA hai kintu usakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai kyoMki bhaya ke siddhAMta ko yadi *
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________________ jainadharma meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA : eka vizleSaNa 309 ahiMsA kA AdhAra banAyA jAvegA to vyakti kevala sabala kI hiMsA zAzvata ahiMsAdharma kA pravartana loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara hI kiyA se virata hogA, nirbala kI hiMsA se nhiiN| bhaya ko AdhAra mAnane para gayA hai phira bhI tIrthaMkaroM kI yaha asIma karuNA vidhAyaka banakara baha to jisase bhaya hogA usI ke prati ahiMsaka buddhi bnegii| jabaki AcArAMga rahI ho aisA pratIta nahIM hotA hai| AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM pUrNa to sabhI prANiyoM ke prati yahA~ taka ki vanaspati, jala aura pRthvIkAyika ahiMsA kA yaha Adarzana niSedhAtmaka hI rahA hai| jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka hone kI bAta kahatA hai| ata: AcArAMga yadyapi yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki aisA kyoM huA? meM ahiMsA ko bhaya ke AdhAra para nahIM apitu jijIviSA aura sukhAkAMkSA isakA uttara yahI hai ki ahiMsA ko vidhAyakarUpa dene kA koI bhI ke manovaijJAnika satyoM ke AdhAra para adhiSThita kiyA gayA hai| punaH prayAsa hiMsA ke binA sambhava nahIM hogA; jaba bhI hama jIvana-rakSaNa ina manovaijJAnika satyoM ke sAtha hI usameM ahiMsA ko tulyatA bodha (dayA), dAna, sevA se aura sahayoga kI koI kriyA kareMge to nizcita kA bauddhika AdhAra bhI diyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki 'jo ajjhatthaM hI vaha binA hiMsA ke sambhava nahIM hogii| nava-koTipUrNa ahiMsA kA jANaI se bahiyA jANaI eyaM tullamannasiM',(1/1/7)jo apanI pIr3A Adarza kabhI bhI jIvana-rakSaNa, dAna, sevA aura sahayoga ke mUlyoM kA ko jAna pAtA hai, vahI tulyatA-bodha ke AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A sahagAmI nahIM ho sktaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki AcarAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko bhI samajha sakatA hai| prANIya pIr3A kI tulyatA ke bodha ke AdhAra ke dUsare adhyAya ke 5 veM uddezaka meM muni ke lie cikitsA karane para hone vAlA AtmasaMvedana hI ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| sUtrakAra to aura karavAne kA bhI niSedha kara diyA gyaa| satya to yaha hai ki ahiMsA ke isa siddhAnta ko adhika gaharAI taka adhiSThita karane ke jIvana-rakSaNa aura pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza kA paripAlana eka sAtha prayAsa meM yahAM taka kaha detA hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, pIr3A sambhava nahIM hai| puna: sAmudAyika aura pArivArika jIvana meM to usakA denA cAhatA hai, satAnA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMga, 1/5/ paripAlana azakya hI hai| hama dekhate haiM ki ahiMsaka jIvana jIne ke 5) / Age vaha kahatA hai ki jo loka kA apalApa karatA hai vaha svayaM lie jisa Adarza kI kalpanA AcArAMga meM kI gaI thI usase jaina apanI AtmA kA apalApa karatA hai (AcArAMga, 1/1/3) / ahiMsA paramparA ko bhI nIce utaranA par3A hai| AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandha ko adhika gahana manovaijJAnika AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM vaha jaina darzana meM hI ahiMsaka muni-jIvana meM kucha apavAda svIkAra kara liye haiM, ke AtmA saMbaMdhI anekAtmavAda ke sthAna para ekAtmavAda kI bAta karatA jaise--naukAgamana, girane kI sambhAvanA hone para latA-vRkSa Adi kA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki yahAM vaha isa manovaijJAnika satya ko dekha rahA sahArA lekara utaranA aadi| isI prasaMga meM hiMsA-ahiMsA viveka ke hai ki kevala AtmabhAva meM hiMsA asambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba taka sambandha meM alpa-bahutva kA vicAra sAmane aayaa| jaba hiMsA aparihArya dUsare ke prati para-buddhi hai, parAyepana kA bhAva hai taba taka hiMsA kI hI bana gaI ho to bahu-hiMsA kI apekSA alpa-hiMsA ko cunanA hI saMbhAvanAyeM upasthita hai| vyakti ke lie hiMsA tabhI asaMbhava ho sakatI ucita mAnA gyaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke Ardraka nAmaka adhyAya meM hasti-tApasoM hai jaba usameM prANI jagat ke prati apanatva yA AtmIya-dRSTi jAgRta kI carcA hai| ye hastitApasa yaha mAnate the ki AhAra ke lie aneka ho| ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie jo manovaijJAnika bhUmikA apekSita vAnaspatika ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA karane kI apekSA eka mahAkAya thI use prastuta karane meM sUtrakAra ne AtmA kI vaiyaktikatA kI dhAraNA hAthI ko mAra lenA alpa hiMsA hai aura isa prakAra ve apane ko adhika kA bhI atikramaNa kara use abheda kI dhAraNA para sthApita karane kA ahiMsaka siddha karate the| jaina paramparA ne ise anupayukta batAyA aura prayAsa kiyA hai| hiMsA ke nirAkaraNa ke prayAsa meM bhI sUtrakAra ne eka kahA ki hiMsA-ahiMsA ke viveka meM kitane prANiyoM kI hiMsA huI sthAna para jisa manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai vaha yaha hai isa vicAra se kAma nahIM calegA, apitu kisa prANI kI hiMsA huI ki hiMsA se hiMsA kA aura ghRNA se ghRNA kA nirAkaraNa saMbhava nahIM yaha aura bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM isI prazna ko lekara hai| vaha to spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai, zastroM ke AdhAra para abhaya aura yaha kahA gayA hai ki sthAvara jIvoM kI apekSA trasa-jIva kI aura trasa hiMsA ke AdhAra para zAnti kI sthApanA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki eka jIvoM meM paMcendriya kI, paMcendriyoM meM manuSya kI aura manuSya meM RSi zastra kA pratikAra dUsare zastra ke dvArA saMbhava hai, zAnti kI sthApanA kI hiMsA adhika nikRSTa hai, mAtra yahI nahIM, jahA~ trasa jIva kI hiMsA to nirvairatA yA prema ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai kyoMki azastra se bar3hakara karane vAlA aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA kA bhAgI hotA hai, vahA~ RSi kI anya kucha nahIM hai (AcArAMga, 1/3/4) / hiMsA karane vAlA ananta jIvoM kI hiMsA kA bhAgI hotA hai| ata: AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM zramaNa-sAdhaka ke lie jisa jIvanacaryA hiMsA-ahiMsA ke viveka meM saMkhyA kA prazna itanA mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai kA vidhAna hai use dekhakara hama sahaja hI yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vahAM jitanA ki prANI kI aindrika evaM AdhyAtmika kSamatA kA vikaas| jIvana meM pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko sAkAra banAne kA eka prayatna avazya yaha mAnyatA ki sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiM, ataH sabhI hiMsAe~ samAna huA hai| kintu unameM ahiMsaka muni jIvana kA, jo Adarzacitra upasthita haiM, samucita nahIM hai| kucha paramparAoM ne sabhI prANiyoM kI hiMsA ko kiyA gayA hai, vaha ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pahalU ko hI prakaTa karatA samAna stara kA mAnakara ahiMsA ke vidhAyaka pakSa kA jo niSedha kara hai| ahiMsA ke vidhAyaka pahalU kI vahAM koI carcA nahIM hai| yadyapi diyA vaha tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| usake pIche bhrAMti yaha hai ki hiMsA kA AcArAMga meM yaha spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki isa zuddha, nitya aura sambandha AtmA se jor3a diyA gayA hai| hiMsA AtmA kI nahIM prANoM
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________________ 310 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 kI hotI hai| ata: jina prANiyoM kI prANasaMkhyA arthAt jaivika zakti bAhya pakSa para gahanatApUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki adhika vikasita hai, unakI hiMsA adhika nikRSTa hai| punaH hiMsA meM kinhIM apavAdAtmaka avasthAoM ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA jo vicAra stara bheda svIkAra karake hI ahiMsA ko vidhAyaka rUpa diyA jA sakatA meM hai, jo Antarika hai, vahI vyavahAra meM prakaTa hotA hai| antaraMga aura hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke sambandha meM yaha prazna isalie bhI adhika bAhya athavA vicAra aura AcAra ke sambandha meM dvaita-dRSTi use svIkArya mahattvapUrNa bana gayA ki isakA sIdhA sambandha mAMsAhAra aura zAkAhAra nahIM hai| usakI dRSTi meM anta: meM ahiMsakavRtti ke hote hue bAhya rUpa ke prazna se jur3A huA thaa| yadi hama zAkAhAra kA samarthana karanA cAhate meM hiMsaka AcAraNa kara pAnA eka prakAra kI bhrAMti hai, chalana hai, haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki hiMsA-ahiMsA ke sambandha meM saMkhyA AtmA-pravaMcanA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'yadi hRdaya kA prazna mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| mahattvapUrNa hai usakA aindrika aura pApamukta ho to (hiMsAdi) kriyA karane para bhI nirvANa avazya milatA AdhyAtmika vikaas| mAtra yahI nahIM, sUtrakRtAMga meM alpa Arambha hai' yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| yadi gItA kA yaha mantavya ho ki anta: (alpahiMsA) yukta gRhastha dharma ko bhI ekAnta samyak kahakara meM ahiMsaka vRtti ke hote hue bhI hiMsAtmaka kriyA kI jA sakatI hiMsA-ahiMsA ke prazna ko eka dUsarI hI dizA pradAna kI gii| ahiMsA hai to jaina vicAraNA kA spaSTa rUpa se usake sAtha virodha hai| jaina kA sambandha bAhara kI apekSA andara se jor3A jAne lgaa| hiMsA-ahiMsA vicAraNA kahatI hai ki anta: meM ahiMsaka vRtti ke hote hue hiMsA ke viveka meM bAhya ghaTanA kI apekSA sAdhaka kI manodazA ko adhika kI nahIM jA sakatI, yadyapi hiMsA ho sakatI hai| hiMsA kiyA jAnA mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAne lgaa| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga ke Ardraka nAmaka adhyAya sadaiva hI saMkalpAtmaka hogA aura Antarika vizuddhi ke hote hue meM bauddha dharma kI isa dhAraNA kI AlocanA kI gaI hai ki 'hiMsA-ahiMsA hiMsAtmaka karma kA saMkalpa sambhava hI nahIM hai (sUtrakRtAMga, 2/6/35) / kA prazna vyakti kI manodazA ke sAtha jur3A huA, hai na ki bAhya ghaTanA vastuta: hiMsA-ahiMsA kI vivakSA meM jaina dRSTi kA sAra yaha hai pr|' kintu hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA ke paravartI graMthoM meM manodazA ki hiMsA cAhe bAhya ho yA Antarika, vaha AcAraNa kA niyama nahIM ko hI hiMsA-ahiMsA ke viveka kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| jahA~ ho sakatI hai| dUsare, hiMsA-ahiMsA kI vivakSA meM bAhya pakSa kI avahelanA dravya-hiMsA (bAhya ghaTanA) aura bhAva-hiMsA (manodazA) kA prazna sAmane mAtra katipaya apavAdAtmaka avasthAoM meM hI kSamya ho sakatI hai| hiMsA AyA vahA~ yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki bhAva hiMsA hI vAstavika hiMsA kA hetu mAnasika pravRttiyAM, kaSAyeM haiM, yaha mAnanA to ThIka hai, lekina hai| bhagavatI (7/1/6-7), pravacanasAra (3/17), oghaniyukti yaha mAnanA ki mAnasika-vRttiyoM yA kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM kI gaI (748-758), nizIthacUrNi (92) Adi granthoM meM eka svara se yaha dravyahiMsA hiMsA nahIM hai, yaha ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha ThIka bAta svIkAra kI gaI hai ki jo apramatta aura kaSAyarahita hai, usake hai ki saMkalpajanya hiMsA adhika nikRSTa hai, lekina saMkalpa ke abhAva dvArA bAhya rUpa se honevAlI hiMsA vastuta: hiMsA nahIM hai| yaha bhI mAnA meM hone vAlI hiMsA hiMsA nahIM hai yA usase karma-Asrava nahIM hotA gayA ki jisa hiMsA meM hiMsA karate hue jitanI manobhAvoM kI krUratA hai, yaha jaina karma siddhAnta ke anukUla nahIM hai| vyAvahArika jIvana apekSita hai vaha hiMsA utanI nikRSTa koTi kI hai| vanaspati kI hiMsA meM hameM isako hiMsA mAnanA hogaa| kI apekSA pazu kI hiMsA meM aura pazu kI hiMsA kI apekSA manuSya kI hiMsA meM adhika krUratA apekSita hai| ata: hiMsaka bhAvoM yA kaSAyoM pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza kI saMbhAvanA kA prazna kI tIvratA ke kAraNa manuSya kI hiMsA adhika nikRSTa koTi kI hogii| yadyapi anta: aura bAhya rUpa se pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza kI . isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hiMsA-ahiMsA kA viveka rakhate samaya upalabdhi jaina vicAraNA kA sAdhya hai, lekina vyavahAra ke kSetra meM isa bAhya ghaTanA para hI nahIM varan kartA kI manovRtti para bhI vicAra karanA Adarza kI upalabdhi sahaja nahIM hai| ahiMsA eka AdhyAtmika Adarza hotA hai| hai aura AdhyAtmika stara para hI isakI pUrNa upalabdhi sambhava hai lekina vyakti kA vartamAna jIvana adhyAtma aura bhautikatA kA eka sammizraNa ahiMsA ke bAha-pakSa kI avahelanA ucita nahIM hai| jIvana ke AdhyAtmika stara para pUrNa ahiMsA sambhava hai lekina yaha ThIka hai ki hiMsA-ahiMsA ke vicAra meM bhAvAtmaka yA Antarika bhautika stara para pUrNa ahiMsA kI kalpanA samIcIna nahIM hai| ahiMsaka pahalU mahattvapUrNa hai kintu bAhya pakSa ko avahelanA ucita nahIM hai| jIvana kI sambhAvanAeM bhautika stara se Upara uThane para vikasita hotI vaiyaktika sAdhanAkI dRSTi se AdhyAtmika evaM Antarika pakSa hI sarvAdhika haiM- vyakti jaise-jaise bhautikatA ke stara se Upara uThatA jAtA hai, mUlyavAn hotA hai| lekina jahA~ sAmAjika evaM vyAvahArika jIvana kA ahiMsaka jIvana kI pUrNatA kI dizA meM bar3hatA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra prazna hai vahA~ hiMsA-ahiMsA kI vivakSA meM bAhya pahalU ko jhuThalAyA para jaina vicAraNA meM ahiMsA kI dizA meM bar3hane ke lie kucha stara nahIM jA sktaa| kyoMki vyAvahArika jIvana aura sAmAjika vyavasthA nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| kI dRSTi se jisa para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha to AcaraNa hiMsA kA yaha rUpa jise saMkalpajA hiMsA kahA jAtA hai, kA bAhya-pakSa hI hai| sabhI ke liye tyAjya hai| saMkalpajA hiMsA hamAre vaicArika yA mAnasika gItA aura bauddha AcAra darzana kI apekSA jaina vicAraNA ne isa jagat para nirbhara hai| mAnasika saMkalpa ke kartA ke rUpa meM vyakti meM
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________________ svatantratA kI sambhAvanAeM sarvAdhika vikasita haiN| apane mAnasika jagat ke kSetra meM vyakti apekSAkRta adhika svatantra hai| isa stara para pUrI taraha se ahiMsA kA pAlana adhika sahaja evaM sambhava hai| bAhya sthitiyAM isa stara para hameM prabhAvita kara sakatI haiM, lekina zAsita nahIM kara sktii| vyakti svayaM apane vicAroM kA svAmI hotA hai, ataH isa stara para ahiMsaka honA sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai / vyAvahArika dRSTi se saMkalpajA hiMsA AkramaNAtmaka hiMsA hai| yaha na to jIvana ke rakSaNa ke lie hai aura na jIvana-nirvAha ke lie hai, ataH ise sabhI ke dvArA chor3A jA sakatA hai| jainadharma meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA eka vizleSaNa hiMsA kA dUsarA rUpa virodhajA hai yaha pratyAkramaNa yA surakSAtmaka hai| sva evaM para ke jIvana evaM svatvoM ke rakSaNa ke lie ise karanA par3atA hai| / isameM bAhya paristhitigata tattvoM kA prabhAva pramukha hotA hai| bAhya sthitiyAM vyakti ko bAdhya karatI haiM ki vaha apane evaM apane sAthiyoM ke jIvana evaM svatvoM ke rakSaNa ke lie pratyAkramaNa ke rUpa meM hiMsA kare jo bhI vyakti zarIra evaM anya bhautika saMsthAnoM para apanA svatva rakhanA cAhate haiM, athavA jo bhI apane aura apane sAthiyoM ke adhikAroM meM AsthA rakhate haiM, isa virodhajA hiMsA ko chor3ane meM asamartha haiN| gRhastha upAsaka hiMsA ke isa rUpa ko pUrI taraha chor3a pAne meM asamartha hote haiM kyoMki ve zarIra evaM anya bhautika vastuoM para apanA svatva rakhanA cAhate haiN| isI prakAra zAsaka varga evaM rAjanaitika netA jo mAnavIya adhikAroM meM evaM rASTrIya hitoM meM AsthA rakhate haiM, ise pUrI taraha chor3a pAne meM asamartha haiN| Adhunika yuga meM gAMdhI eka aise vicAraka avazya haiM, jinhoMne virodha kA ahiMsaka tarIkA prastuta kiyA aura usameM saphalatA bhI prApta kii| kintu ahiMsaka ke rUpa meM virodha kara pAnA, usameM saphalatA prApta kara lenA hara kisI ke lie sambhava nahIM hai| ahiMsaka rIti se adhikAroM kA saMrakSaNa karane meM vahI vyakti saphala ho sakatA hai jise zarIra ke prati moha na ho, padArthoM meM Asakti na ho aura jisake hRdaya meM vidveSa kA bhAva na ho| yahI nahIM, ahiMsaka rIti se adhikAroM ke saMrakSaNa kI kalpanA eka sabhya evaM susaMskRta mAnava samAja meM hI sambhava ho sakatI hai| yadi virodhI pakSa mAnavIya stara para ho, taba to ahiMsakavirodha saphala ho jAtA hai, lekina yadi virodhI pakSa pAzavika stara para ho to ahiMsaka virodha kI saphalatA sandehAspada bana jAtI hai| punaH mAnava meM mAnavIya guNoM kI sambhAvanA kI AsthA hI ahiMsaka virodha kA kendrIya tatva hai| mAnavIya guNoM meM hamArI AsthA jitanI balazAlI hogI aura virodhI meM mAnavIya guNoM kA jitanA adhika prakaTana hogA, ahiMsaka virodha kI saphalatA bhI utanI hI adhika hogii| jahAM taka udyogajA aura ArambhajA hiMsA kA prazna hai, eka gRhastha upAsaka usase nahIM baca sakatA kyoMki jaba taka zarIra aura sampatti kA moha hai, AjIvikA kA arjana aura zArIrika AvazyakatA kI pUrti donoM hI Avazyaka haiN| isa stara para hiMsA ko usa prANiyoM kI hiMsA aura sthAvara prANiyoM kI hiMsA, ina do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai aura vyakti apane ko usa prANiyoM kI hiMsA se bacA sakatA hai| - 311 jaina vicAraNA meM gRhastha upAsaka ke lie udyoga, vyavasAya evaM jIvanarakSaNa ke lie bhI trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| lekina jaba vyakti zarIra aura sampatti ke moha se Upara uTha jAtA hai to vaha pUrNa ahiMsA kI dizA meM aura Age bar3ha jAtA hai| jahAM taka zramaNa sAdhaka yA saMnyAsI kA prazna hai, vaha niSparigrahI hotA hai, use apane zarIra para bhI mamatva nahIM hotA ataH vaha sarvatobhAvena hiMsA ke virata hone kA vrata letA hai| zarIradhAraNa mAtra ke lie kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara vaha saMkalpapUrvaka aura vivazatAvaza donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM basa aura sthAvara kI hiMsA se pUrNa virata ho jAtA hai| muni nathamalajI ke zabdoM meM 'koI bhI vyakti eka hI Daga meM coTI taka nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| vaha dhIme-dhIme Age bar3hatA hai bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kI pahu~ca ke kucha stara nirdhArita kiye haiN| ve vastusthiti para AdhArita haiN| unhoMne hiMsA ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA- ( 1 ) saMkalpajA, (2) virodhajA aura (3) ArambhajA saMkalpajA hiMsA AkramaNAtmaka hiMsA hai vaha sabake lie sarvathA parihArya hai| virodhajA hiMsA pratyAkramaNa hiMsA hai use chor3ane meM vaha asamartha hotA hai, jo bhautika saMsthAnoM para apanA astitva rakhanA cAhatA hai| ArambhajA hiMsA AjIvikAtmaka hiMsA hai| use chor3ane meM ve saba asamartha hote haiM, jo bhautika sAdhanoM ke arjana-saMrakSaNa dvArA apanA jIvana calAnA cAhate haiM (taTa do, pravAha eka pRSTha 40 ) 1 " prathama stara para hama Asakti, tRSNA Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara kI jAnevAlI anAvazyaka AkramaNAtmaka hiMsA se baceM, phira dUsare stara para jIvanayApana evaM AjIvikopArjana ke nimitta hone vAlI sa prANiyoM kI hiMsA se virata hoveM; tIsare stara para virodha ke ahiMsaka tarIke ko apanA kara pratyAkramaNAtmaka hiMsA se virata hoveM isa prakAra jIvana ke liye Avazyaka banI huI hiMsA se kramaza: Upara uThate hue cauthe stara para zarIra aura parigraha kI Asakti kA parityAga kara sarvatobhAvena pUrNa ahiMsA kI dizA meM Age bddh'eN| isa prakAra pUrNa ahiMsA kA Adarza pUrNatayA avyAvahArika nahIM rahatA hai| vyakti jaise-jaise sampatti aura zarIra ke moha se Upara uThatA jAtA hai ahiMsA kA Adarza usake lie vyavahArya banatA jAtA hai| pUrNa anAsakta jIvana meM pUrNa ahiMsA vyavahArya bana jAtI hai| yadyapi yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki zarIradhArI rahate hue pUrNa ahiMsA eka Adarza hI rahegI, vaha yathArtha nahIM bana paavegii| jaba zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kA moha samApta hogA tabhI vaha Adarza yathArtha kI bhUmi para avatarita hogaa| phira bhI eka bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI, vaha yaha ki jaba taka zarIra hai aura zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kI vRtti hai, cAhe vaha sAdhanA ke lie hI kyoM na ho, yaha kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai ki vyakti pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko pUrNarUpeNa sAkAra kara ske| zarIra ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai, koI bhI AhAra binA hiMsA ke sambhava nahIM hogaa| cAhe hamArA munivarga yaha kahatA bhI ho ki hama audezika AhAra nahIM lete haiM kiMtu kyA unakI vihAra yAtrA meM sAtha calane vAlA pUrA lavAjamA sevA meM rahane ke nAma para lagane vAle cauke aurezika nahIM? jaba samAja meM rAtribhojana sAmAnya ho gayA ho, kyA sandhyAkAlIna govarI meM .
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________________ 312 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 anauddezika AhAra mila pAnA sambhava hai? kyA kazmIra se kanyAkumArI khar3A hotA hai AtmIyatA, prema aura sahayoga ke AdhAra para khar3A hotA taka aura bambaI se kalakattA taka kI sArI yAtrAe~ auddezika AhAra hai arthAt ahiMsA ke AdhAra para khar3A hotA hai| kyoMki hiMsA kA artha ke abhAva meM nirvighna sambhava ho sakatI haiM? kyA Aheta pravacana kI hai-ghRNA, vidveSa, AkrAmakatA; aura jahA~ bhI ye vRttiyA~ balavatI hoMgI prabhAvanA ke lie maMdiroM kA nirmANa, pUjA aura pratiSThA ke samAroha, sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA hI samApta ho jAvegI, samAja Dhaha jaavegaa| ata: saMsthAoM kA saMcAlana, munijanoM ke svAgata aura vidAI-samAroha tathA samAja aura ahiMsA sahagAmI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM yadi hama manuSya ko adhivezana SanikAya kI navakoTi yukta ahiMsA ke paripAlana ke sAtha / eka sAmAjika prANI mAnate haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki ahiMsA koI saMgati rakha sakate haiM? hameM apanI antarAtmA se yaha saba pUchanA usake lie svAbhAvika hI hai| jaba bhI koI samAja khar3A hogA aura hogaa| ho sakatA hai ki kucha virala santa aura sAdhaka hoM jo ina TikegA to vaha ahiMsA kI bhitti para hI khar3A hogA aura ttikegaa| kiMtu kasauTiyoM para khare utarate hoM, maiM unakI bAta nahIM kahatA, ve zataza: eka dUsarA pahalU bhI hai, vaha yaha ki samAja ke lie bhI apane astitva vandanIya haiM, kintu sAmAnya sthiti kyA hai? phira bhikSAcaryA, pAda-vihAra, aura apane sadasyoM ke hitoM ke saMrakSaNa kA prazna mukhya hai aura jahA~ zarIra-saMcAlana, zvAsocchvAsa kisameM hiMsA nahIM hai| mahAbhArata ke astitva kI surakSA aura hitoM ke saMrakSaNa kA prazna hai, vahA~ hiMsA zAnti-parva meM kahA gayA hai, jala meM jIva haiM, pRthvI para aura vRkSoM aparihArya hai| hitoM meM TakarAva svAbhAvika hai, aneka bAra to eka kA ke phaloM meM aneka jIva haiM, aisA koI manuSya nahIM jo inheM nahIM mAratA hita dUsare ke ahita para, eka kA astitva dUsare ke vinAza para khar3A ho, puna: kitane hI aise sUkSma prANI haiM jo indriyoM se nahIM, anumAna hotA hai, aisI sthiti meM samAja-jIvana meM bhI hiMsA aparihArya hogii| se jAne jAte haiM, manuSya kI palakoM ke jhapakane mAtra se hI jinake puna: samAja kA hita aura sadasya-vyakti kA hita bhI paraspara virodha meM kaMdhe TUTa jAte haiN| ata: jIva-hiMsA se bacA nahIM jA sakatA (15/ ho sakatA hai| jaba vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika hitoM ke saMgharSa kI sthiti 25-26) / eka ora SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA aura dUsarI ora ho to bahujana hitArtha hiMsA aparihArya bhI ho sakatI hai| jaba samAja pUrNa navakoTiyukta pUrNa ahiMsA kA Adarza, jIvita rahakara ina donoM yA rASTra kA koI sadasya yA varga athavA dUsarA rASTra apane hitoM ke liye meM saMgati biThA pAnA azakya hai| ata: jaina AcAryoM ko bhI yaha kahanA hiMsA para athavA anyAya para utArU ho jAve to nizcaya hI ahiMsA kI par3A ki 'anekAneka jIva-samUhoM se parivyApta vizva meM sAdhaka kA duhAI dene se kAma na clegaa| jaba taka jaina AcAryoM dvArA udghoSita ahiMsakatva anta: meM AdhyAtmika vizuddhi kI dRSTi se hI hai' 'mAnava jAti eka hai' kI kalpanA sAkAra nahIM ho pAtI, jaba taka sampUrNa (oghaniyukti, 747) / lekina isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki hama mAnava samAja ImAnadArI ke sAtha ahiMsA ke pAlana ke lie pratibaddha ahiMsA ko avyavahArya mAnakara tilAMjali de deveN| yadyapi eka zarIradhArI nahIM hotA, taba taka ahiMsaka samAja kI bAta kahanA kapola-kalpanA ke nAte yaha hamArI vivazatA hai ki hama dravya aura bhAva donoM apekSA hI kahA jaavegaa| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi jainAgama jisa pUrNa ahiMsA se pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko upalabdha nahIM kara sakate haiM kintu usa ke Adarza ko prastuta karate haiM usameM bhI jaba saMgha kI yA saMgha ke kisI dizA meM kramaza: Age bar3ha sakate haiM aura jIvana kI pUrNatA ke sAtha sadasya kI surakSA yA nyAya kA prazna AyA to hiMsA ko svIkAra karanA hI pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko bhI upalabdha kara sakate haiN| kama se pdd'aa| gaNAdhipati ceTaka aura AcArya kAlaka ke udAharaNa isake pramANa kama hiMsA kI dizA meM Age bar3hate hue sAdhaka ke lie jIvana kA haiN| yahI nahIM, nizIthacUrNi meM to yahA~ taka svIkAra kara liyA gayA antima kSaNa avazya hI aisA hai, jaba vaha pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza hai ki saMgha kI surakSA ke lie muni bhI hiMsA kA sahArA le sakatA hai| ko sAkAra kara sakatA hai| jainadharma kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kaheM to aise prasaMgoM meM pazu-hiMsA to kyA manuSya kI hiMsA bhI ucita mAna lI pAdopagamana saMthArA evaM caudahaveM ayogI kevalI guNasthAna kI avasthAeM gaI hai| jaba taka mAnava samAja kA eka bhI sadasya pAzavika pravRttiyoM aisI haiM jinameM pUrNa ahiMsA kA Adarza sAkAra ho jAtA hai| meM AsthA rakhatA hai yaha socanA vyartha hI hai ki sAmudAyika jIvana meM punaH ahiMsA kI sambhAvanA para hameM na kevala vaiyaktika dRSTi se pUrNa ahiMsA kA Adarza vyavahArya bana skegaa| nizIthacUrNi meM ahiMsA vicAra karanA hai apitu sAmAjika dRSTi se bhI vicAra karanA hai| cAhe ke apavAdoM ko lekara jo kucha kahA gayA hai, use cAhe kucha loga yaha sambhava bhI ho, vyakti zarIra, sampatti, saMgha aura samAja se nirapekSa sAdhvAcAra ke rUpa meM sIdhe mAnya karanA na cAhate hoM; kiMtu kyA yaha hokara pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko upalabdha kara sakatA hai; phira bhI aisI napuMsakatA nahIM hogI jaba kisI muni saMgha ke sAmane kisI taruNI sAdhvI nirapekSatA kinhIM virala sAdhakoM ke lie hI sambhava hogI, sarva sAmAnya kA apaharaNa ho rahA ho yA usa para balAtkAra ho rahA ho aura ve ahiMsA ke lie to sambhava nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| ata: mUla prazna yaha hai kI duhAI dete hue mauna darzaka bane raheM? kyA unakA koI dAyitva nahIM ki kyA sAmAjika jIvana pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza para khar3A kiyA jA hai? yaha bAta cAhe hAsyAspada lagatI ho ki ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lae sakatA hai? kyA pUrNa ahiMsaka samAja kI racanA sambhava hai? isa prazna hiMsA Avazyaka hai kintu vyAvahArika jIvana meM aneka bAra aisI kA uttara dene ke pUrva maiM Apase samAja-racanA ke svarUpa para kucha bAteM paristhitiyA~ A sakatI haiM jinameM ahiMsaka-saMskRti kI rakSA ke lie kahanA caahuuNgaa| eka to yaha ki ahiMsaka-cetanA arthAt saMvedanazIlatA hiMsakavRtti apanAnA pdd'e| yadi hiMsA meM AsthA rakhanevAlA koI samAja ke abhAva meM samAja kI kalpanA hI sambhava nahIM hai| samAja jaba bhI kisI ahiMsaka samAja ko pUrI taraha miTA dene ko tatpara ho jAve, to .
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________________ jainadharma meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA : eka vizleSaNa kyA usa ahiMsaka samAja ko apane astitva ke lie koI saMgharSa nahIM vivazatA meM saMkalpa karanA hotA hai| phira bhI pahalI adhika nikRSTa karanA cAhiye? hiMsA-ahiMsA kA prazna aba nirA vaiyaktika prazna nahIM koTi kI hai kyoki AkramaNAtmaka haiN| yaha anarthadaNDa hai, arthAt hai| jaba taka sampUrNa mAnava samAja eka sAtha ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke anAvazyaka hai, vaha yA to manoraMjana ke lie kI jAtI hai yA zAsana lie tatpara nahIM hotA hai, kisI eka samAja yA rASTra dvArA kI jAnevAlI karane ke lie, yA svAda ke lie| hiMsA kA yahI rUpa aisA hai jo ahiMsA ke Adarza kI bAta koI artha nahIM rakhatI hai| saMrakSaNAtmaka aura sabake dvArA chor3A jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha hamAre jIvana jIne ke surakSAtmaka hiMsA samAjajIvana ke lie aparihArya hai| samAja-jIvana meM lie jarUrI nahIM hai| hiMsA kA dUsarA rUpa jisameM hiMsA karanI par3atI ise mAnya bhI karanA hI hogaa| isI prakAra udyoga-vyavasAya aura kRSi hai, hiMsA to hai kintu ise chor3A nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki yaha Avazyaka kAryoM meM honevAlI hiMsA bhI samAja-jIvana meM banI hI rhegii| mAnava hai, arthadaNDa hai| jaisA ki hamane ahiMsA kI sambhAvanA ke prasaMga meM samAja meM mAMsAhAra evaM tajjanya hiMsA ko samApta karane kI dizA meM dekhA thaa| ve sabhI gRhastha upAsaka jo apane svatvoM kA rakSaNa karanA socA to jA sakatA hai kintu usake liye kRSi ke kSetra meM evaM ahiMsaka cAhate haiM, jo jIvana jIne ke lie udyoga aura vyavasAya meM lage hue AhAra kI pracura upalabdhi ke sambandha meM vyApaka anusaMdhAna evaM takanIkI haiM, jo samAja, saMskRti aura rASTra kI surakSA evaM vikAsa kA dAyitva vikAsa kI AvazyakatA hogii| yadyapi hameM yaha samajha lenA hogA ki liye hue haiM, isase nahIM baca skte| na kevala gRhastha upAsaka apitu jaba taka manuSya kI saMvedanazIlatA ko pazujagat taka vikasita nahIM kiyA munijana bhI, jo kisI dharma, samAja evaM saMskRti ke rakSaNa, vikAsa jAvegA aura mAnavIya AhAra ko sAtvika nahIM banAyA jAvegA, manuSya evaM prasAra kA dAyitva apane Upara liye hue haiM, isa prakAra kI aparihArya kI AparAdhika pravRttiyoM para pUrA niyantraNa nahIM hogaa| Adarza ahiMsaka hiMsA se nahIM baca sakate haiN| samAja kI racanA hetu hameM samAja se AparAdhika pravRttiyoM ko samApta phira bhI yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama aisI hiMsA ko hiMsA ke rUpa karanA hogA aura AparAdhika pravRttiyoM ke niyamana ke lie hameM mAnava jAti meM samajhate raheM, anyathA hamArA karuNA kA srota sUkha jaavegaa| vivazatA meM saMvedanazIlatA, saMyama evaM viveka ke tattvoM ko vikasita karanA hogaa| meM cAhe hameM hiMsA karanI par3e, kintu usake prati AtmaglAni aura hiMsita ke prati karuNA kI dhArA sUkhane nahIM pAve, anyathA vaha hiMsA hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA sImA-kSetra hamAre svabhAva kA aMga bana jAvegI, jaise-kasAI bAlaka meN| hiMsA-ahiMsA hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke sImA-kSetra ko samajhane ke lie hameM hiMsA ke viveka kA mukhya AdhAra mAtra yahI nahIM hai ki hamArA hRdaya kaSAya ke tIna rUpoM ko samajha lenA hogA-1. hiMsA kI jAtI hai, se mukta ho, kintu yaha bhI hai ki hamArI saMvedanazIlatA jAgRta rahe, 2. hiMsA karanI par3atI hai aura 3. hiMsA ho jAtI hai| hiMsA kA vaha hRdaya meM dayA aura karuNA kI dhArA pravAhita hotI rhe| hameM ahiMsA rUpa jisameM hiMsA kI nahIM jAtI varan ho jAtI hai-hiMsA kI koTi ko hRdaya-zUnya nahIM banAnA hai| kyoMki yadi hamArI saMvedanazIlatA jAgRta meM nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki isameM hiMsA kA saMkalpa pUrI taraha anupasthita banI rahI to nizcaya hI hama jIvana meM hiMsA kI mAtrA ko alpatama rahatA hai; mAtra yahI nahIM, hiMsA se bacane kI pUrI sAvadhAnI bhI rakhI karate hue pUrNa ahiMsA ke Adarza ko upalabdha kareMge, sAtha hI vaha jAtI haiM, hiMsA ke saMkalpa ke abhAva meM evaM sampUrNa sAvadhAnI ke hamArI ahiMsA vidhAyaka bana kara mAnava samAja meM sevA aura sahayoga bAvajUda bhI yadi hiMsA ho jAtI hai to vaha hiMsA ke sImAkSetra meM nahIM kI gaMgA bhI bahA skegii| AtI haiN| hameM yaha bhI samajha lenA hogA ki kisI eka saMkalpa kI sAtha hI jaba aparihArya bana gaI do hiMsAoM meM kisI eka ko pUrti ke lie kI jAnevAlI kriyA ke daurAna sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda cunanA anivArya ho to hameM alpa-hiMsA ko cunanA hogaa| kintu kauna-sI anya koI hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita ho jAtI hai, jaise-gRhastha upAsaka hiMsA alpa-hiMsA hogI, yaha nirNaya deza, kAla paristhiti Adi aneka dvArA bhUmi jotate hue kisI trasa-prANI kI hiMsA ho jAnA athavA kisI bAtoM para nirbhara kregaa| yahA~ hameM jIvana kI mUlyavattA ko bhI AMkanA muni ke dvArA padayAtrA karate hue saprANI kI hiMsA ho jAnA, to unheM hogaa| jIvana kI yaha mUlyavattA do bAtoM para nirbhara karatI hai-1. usa hiMsA ke prati uttaradAyI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki unake prANI kA aindrika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura 2. usakI sAmAjika mana meM usa hiMsA kA koI saMkalpa hI nahIM hai| ata: aisI hiMsA hiMsA upyogitaa| sAmAnyata: manuSya kA jIvana adhika mUlyavAn hai aura nahIM hai| jaina paramparA meM hiMsA ke nimna cAra stara mAne gaye haiM- manuSyoM meM bhI eka santa kA, kintu kisI paristhiti meM kisI manuSya 1. saMkalpajA, 2. virodhajA, 3. udyogajA, 4. aarmbhjaa| inameM kI apekSA kisI pazu kA jIvana bhI adhika mUlyavAn ho sakatA hai| 'saMkalpajA' hiMsA vaha hai jo kI jAtI hai, jabaki virodhajA, udyogajA sambhavata: hiMsA-ahiMsA ke viveka meM jIvana kI mUlyavattA kA yaha vicAra aura ArambhajA hiMsA, hiMsA kI ve sthitiyAM haiM jinameM hiMsA karanI hamArI dRSTi meM upekSita hI rahA, yahI kAraNa thA ki hama cITiyoM ke par3atI hai| phira bhI cAhe hiMsA kI jAtI ho yA hiMsA karanI par3atI prati to saMvedana-zIla bana sake kintu manuSya ke prati nirmama hI bane ho donoM hI avasthAoM meM hiMsA kA saMkalpa yA irAdA avazya hotA rhe| Aja hameM apanI saMvedanazIlatA ko mAr3anA hai aura mAnavatA ke hai, yaha bAta alaga hai ki eka avasthA meM hama binA kisI paristhitigata prati ahiMsA ko sakArAtmaka banAnA hai| dabAva ke svataMtrarUpa meM hiMsA kA saMkalpa karate haiM aura dUsare meM hameM .