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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta : eka vimarza pro0 sAgaramala jaina vyakti kA vyaktitva usakI manovRttiyoM athavA AvegoM para nirbhara karatA hai| vyakti jitanA AvegoM se Upara uThegA, usake vyaktitva meM utanI sthiratA evaM paripakvatA AtI jaayegii| jisa vyakti meM AvegoM ( kaSAyoM) kI jitanI adhikatA evaM tIvratA hogI, usakA vyaktitva utanA hI nimnastarIya evaM azAnta hogaa| AvegoM ( manovRttiyoM) kI tIvratA aura unakI zubhAzubhatA donoM hI hamAre vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| vastutaH AvegoM meM jitanI adhika tIvratA hogI, vyaktitva meM utanI hI asthiratA hogI aura vyaktitva meM jitanI adhika asthiratA hogI utanI hI cAritrika dRr3hatA meM kamI hogii| AvegAtmaka asthiratA hI anaitikatA kI jananI hai| isa prakAra AvegAtmakatA, caritra-bala aura vyaktitva tInoM hI eka dUsare se jur3e hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vyakti ke mUlyAMkana ke sandarbha meM na kevala AvegoM kI tIvratA para vicAra karanA cAhie, varan unakI prazastatA aura aprazastatA para bhI vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| prAcIna kAla se hI vyakti ke AvegoM tathA manobhAvoM ke zubhatva evaM azubhatva kA sambandha usake vyaktitva se jor3A jAtA rahA hai| vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa yA zreNI vibhAjana ke zArIrika evaM manovaijJAnika aneka adhAroM meM eka AdhAra vyakti kI prazasta aura aprazasta manovRttiyA~ bhI rahI hai| jisa vyakti meM jisa prakAra kI manovRttiyA~ hotI haiM, usI AdhAra para usake vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| manovRttiyoM kI zubhAzubhatA evaM tIvratA aura mandatA ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa kI paramparA bahuta purAnI hai| jaina, bauddha aura hindU paramparA ke granthoM meM aisA vargIkaraNa yA zreNI vibhAjana upalabdha hai| jaina paramparA meM isa vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra usakA lezyA siddhAnta hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA meM naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa ke anya siddhAnta yathA -- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA kA siddhAnta evaM guNasthAna ke siddhAnta bhI pracalita hai, kintu ina sabameM lezyA siddhAnta hI sabase prAcIna hai, kyoMki trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura guNasthAnasiddhAnta donoM hI IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva upalabdha nahIM hote hai| jabaki lezyA siddhAnta bhagavatI aura uttarAdhyayana jaise IsvI pUrva ke AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| anya zramaNa paramparAoM meM lezyA siddhAnta kA sthAna abhijAti kI kalpanA ne liyA hai| gItA meM ise daivI evaM AsurI sampadA ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| lezyA-siddhAnta aura naitika vyaktitva jaina-vicArakoM ke anusAra lezyA kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jo AtmA ko karmoM se lipta karatI hai yA jisake dvArA AtmA karmoM se lipta hotI hai arthAt bandhana meM AtI hai, vaha
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________________ lezyA hai|' uttarAdhyayana kI bRhad vRtti meM lezyA kA artha ANvika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA yA chAyA kiyA gayA hai| 2 yApanIya AcArya zivArya ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM chAyA pudgala se prabhAvita jIva ke pariNAmoM (manobhAvoM) ko lezyA mAnA hai| isI AdhAra para devendramunizAstrI ne lezyA ko eka prakAra kA paudgalika paryAvaraNa mAnA hai, jo manovRttiyoM ko nirdhArita karatA hai 14 DaoN0 zAntA jaina ne bhI apane zodha - nibandha meM bhagavatI sUtra ( 1/9 ) kI TIkA ke AdhAra para lezyA kI audArika Adi zarIroM kA varNa mAnA hai| ve likhatI haiM ki lezyA eka paudgalika pariNAma hai | 5 jainAgamoM meM lezyA do prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai| 1. dravya lezyA aura 2. bhAva lezyA / ataH hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki inameM mAtra dravya lezyA hI paudgalika hai, bhAva lezyA nhiiN| bhAva lezyA to dravya lezyA ke AdhAra para banane vAlI cittavRttiyA~ haiN| ina donoM meM kAryakAraNa bhAva yA nimitta - naimittika sambandha to hai kintu donoM alaga-alaga haiN| 1. dravya lezyA dravya lezyA sUkSma bhautika tattvoM se nirmita vaha saMracanA hai, jo hamAre manobhAvoM evaM tajjanita karmoM kA sApekSa rUpa meM kAraNa athavA kArya banatI hai| jisa prakAra pitta dravya kI vizeSatA se svabhAva meM kuddhatA AtI hai aura kodha ke kAraNa pitta kA nirmANa bahula rUpa se hotA hai, usI prakAra ina sUkSma bhautika tattvoM se manobhAva banate haiM aura manobhAva ke hone para ina sUkSma saMracanAoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| lezyA dravya yA dravya - lezyA svarUpa ke sambandha meM AcArya rAjendrasUrijI evaM paM0 sukhalAlajI' ne nimna tIna matoM ko udadhRta kiyA hai - : hai| (i) lezyA jaina dharma kA lezyA- siddhAnta: eka vimarza: 151 ---- (ii) lezyA dravya badhyamAna karmapravAha rUpa meM hai| yaha mata bhI uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM vAdivaitAla zAntisUri kA hai| (iii) lezyA - yoga pariNAma hai arthAt zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM kA pariNAma hai| yaha mata AcArya haribhadra kA hai| -- dravya karma-varmaNA se bane hue haiN| yaha mata uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM merI dRSTi se dravya lezyA ko hama vyakti kA AbhA maNDala kaha sakate haiN| DaoN0 zAntI jaina ne apane zodha-prabandha meM aura unase pUrva yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne apane grantha AbhAmaNDala meM isa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai / 2. bhAva lezyA bhAva lezyA AtmA kA adhyavasAya yA antaH karaNa kI vRtti hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI ke zabdoM meM bhAva - lezyA manobhAva vizeSa hai, jo saMkleza aura yoga se anugata hai / ---- saMkleza ke tIvra, tIvratara tIvratam, manda mandatara, mandatama Adi aneka bheda hone se lezyA ( manobhAva ) vastutaH aneka prakAra kI hai tathApi saMkSepa meM chaH bheda karake ( jaina) zAstra meM usakA svarUpa varNana kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 152 : zramaNa/apraila-jUna/1995 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM lezyAoM ke svarUpa kA nirvacana varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, manobhAva, karma Adi aneka pakSoM ke AdhAra para huA hai, lekina hama apane vivecana ko lezyAoM ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa taka sImita rakhanA ucita smjheNge| manodazAoM meM saMkleza kI nyUnAdhikatA athavA manobhAvoM kI azubhatva se zubhatva kI ora bar3hane kI sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para hI unake vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| aprazasta aura prazasta ina dvividha manobhAvoM ke unakI taratamatA ke AdhAra para chaH bheda varNita hai - prazasta manobhAva aprazasta manobhAva -------------- 1. kRSNa lezyA - tIvratama aprazasta manobhAva 2. nIla lezyA - tIvra aprazasta manobhAva 3. kApota lezyA - maMda aprazasta manobhAva 4. tejolezyA - maMda prazasta manobhAva 5. padmalezyA - tIvra prazasta manobhAva 6. zuklalezyA - tIvratama prazasta manobhAva lezyAeM evaM vyaktitva kA zreNI-vibhAjana lezyAeM manobhAvoM kA vargIkaraNa mAtra nahIM hai, varan caritra ke AdhAra para kiye gaye vyaktitva ke prakAra bhI hai| manobhAva athavA saMkalpa Antarika tathya hI nahIM hai, varan ve kriyAoM ke rUpa meM bAhaya abhivyakti bhI cAhate haiN| vastutaH saMkalpa hI karma meM spAntarita hote hai| breDale kA yaha kathana ucita hai ki karma saMkalpa kA rUpAntaraNa hai| manobhUmi yA saMkalpa vyakti ke AcaraNa kA preraka sUtra hai, lekina karma-kSetra meM saMkalpa aura AcaraNa do alaga-alaga tattva nahIM rahate haiN| AdharaNa se saMkalpoM kI manobhUmikA kA nirmANa hotA hai aura saMkalpoM kI manobhUmikA para hI AcaraNa sthita hotA hai| manobhUmi aura AcaraNa ( caritra ) kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| itanA hI nahIM, manovRtti svayaM meM bhI eka AcaraNa hai| mAnasika karma bhI karma hI hai| ataH jaina vicArakoM ne jaba lezyA pariNAma kI carcA kI to ve mAtra manodazAoM kI carcAoM taka hI sImita nahIM rahe, varan unhoMne usa manodazA se pratyutpanna jIvana ke karma kSetra meM ghaTita hone vAle bAhya vyavahAroM kI carcA bhI kI aura isa prakAra jaina lezyA siddhAnta vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa kA vyavahArika siddhAnta bana gyaa| jaina vicArakoM ne isa siddhAnta ke AdhAra para yaha batAyA ki manovRtti evaM AcaraNa kI dRSTi se vyakti kA vyaktitva yA to zubha ( naitika ) hogA yA azubha ( anaitik)| inheM dhArmika aura adhArmika athavA zukla-pakSI aura kRSNa-pakSI bhI kahA gayA hai| vastutaH eka varga vaha hai jo naitikatA yA zubhatva kI ora unmukha hai| dUsarA varga vaha hai jo anaitikatA yA azubhatva kI ora unmukha hai| isa prakAra guNAtmaka antara ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ke ye do prakAra banate haiN| lekina jaina vicAraka mAtra guNAtmaka vargIkaraNa se santuSTa nahIM hue aura unhoMne una do guNAtmaka prakAroM ko tIna-tIna prakAra ke mAtrAtmaka antaroM (jaghanya, madhyama evaM utkRSTa ) ke AdhAra para chaH bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA / jaina lezyA siddhAnta kA SaT-vidha vargIkaraNa isI AdhAra para huA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne ina
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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta : eka vimarza : 153 mAtrAtmaka antaroM ke tIna, nava, ikyAsI aura do sau taiMtAlisa upabheda bhI ginAyeM haiM. lekina prAcIna SaT-vidha vargIkaraNa hI adhika pracalita rahA hai| nimna paMktiyoM meM hama ina cha: prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kI carcA kareMge ---- 1. kRSNa lezyA ( azubha bhAva ) se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa -- yaha vyaktitva kA sabase nikRSTa rUpa hai| isa avasthA meM prANI ke vicAra atyanta nimna koTi ke evaM krUra hote haiN| vAsanAtmaka pakSa jIvana ke sampUrNa karmakSetra para hAvI rahatA hai| prANI apanI zArIrika, mAnasika evaM vAcika kriyAoM para niyantraNa karane meM akSama rahatA hai| vaha apanI indriyoM para niyantraNa na rakha pAne ke kAraNa binA kisI prakAra ke zubhAzubha vicAra ke sadaiva indriyoM ke viSayoM kI pUrti meM nimAna rahatA hai| isa prakAra bhoga-vilAsa meM Asakta ho, vaha unakI pUrti ke lie hiMsA, corI, vyabhicAra aura saMgraha meM lagA rahatA hai| svabhAva se vaha nirdaya va nRzaMsa hotA hai aura hiMsaka kArya karane meM use tanika bhI aruci nahIM hotI tathA apane choTe se svArtha ke nimitta dUsare kA bar3A se bar3A ahita karane meM vaha saMkoca nahIM krtaa|10 mAtra yahI nahIM vaha dUsaroM ko nirarthaka pIDA yA trAsa dene meM Ananda mAnatA hai| kRSNa lezyA se yukta prANI vAsanAoM ke andha pravAha se hI zAsita hotA hai isalie bhAvAveza meM usameM svayaM ke hitAhita kA vicAra karane kI kSamatA bhI nahIM hotii| vaha dUsare kA ahita mAtra isalie nahIM karatA ki usase usakA svayaM kA koI hita hogA, varan vaha to apane krUra svabhAva ke vazIbhUta ho, apane hita ke abhAva meM bhI dUsare kA ahita karatA rahatA hai| 2. nIla lezyA ( azubhatara manobhAva ) se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa -- vyaktitva kA yaha prakAra pahale kI apekSA kucha ThIka hotA hai, lekina hotA azubha hI hai| isa avasthA meM bhI prANI kA vyavahAra vAsanAtmaka pakSa se zAsita hotA hai| lekina vaha apanI vAsanAoM kI pUrti meM apanI buddhi kA prayoga karane lagatA hai| ataH isakA vyavahAra prakaTa rUpa meM to kucha parimArjita sA rahatA hai, lekina usake pIche kuTilatA hI kAma karatI hai| yaha virodhI kA ahita apratyakSa rUpa se karatA hai| aisA prANI IrSyAlu, asahiSNu, asaMyamI, ajJAnI, kapaTI, nirlajja, lampaTa, buddhi se yukta, rasalolupa evaM pramAdI hotA hai| vaha apanI sukha-suvidhA kA sadaiva dhyAna rakhatA hai aura dUsare kA ahita apane hita ke nimitta karatA hai, yadyapi vaha apane alpa hita ke lie dUsare kA bar3A ahita bhI kara detA hai| jina prANiyoM se usakA svArtha sadhatA hai una prANiyoM kA aja-poSaNa-nyAya ke anusAra vaha kucha dhyAna avazya rakhatA hai, lekina manovRtti dUSita hI hotI hai| jaise bakarA pAlane vAlA bakare ko isalie nahIM khilAtA ki usa bakare kA hita hogA varan isalie khilAtA hai ki use mArane para adhika mAMsa milegaa| aisA vyakti dUsare kA bAhya rUpa meM jo bhI hita karatA dikhAI detA hai, usake pIche usakA gahana svArtha rahatA hai| 3. kApota lezyA ( azubha manovRtti ) se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa -- yaha manovRtti bhI dRSita hai| ina manovRtti meM prANI kA vyavahAra mana, vacana, karma se ekaspa nahIM hotA ! usakI karanI aura kayanI bhinna hotI hai| manobhAvoM meM saralatA nahIM hotI, kapaTa aura
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________________ 154 : zramaNa/apraila-jUna/1995 ahaMkAra hotA hai| vaha apane doSoM ko sadaiva chipAne kI koziza karatA hai| usakA dRSTikoNa ayathArtha evaM vyavahAra anArya hotA hai| vaha vacana se dUsare kI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karane vAlA athavA dUsare ke rahasyoM ko prakaTa karake usase apanA hita sAdhane vAlA, dUsare ke dhana kA apaharaNa karane vAlA evaM mAtsarya bhAvoM se yukta hotA hai| phira bhI aisA vyakti dUsare kA ahita tabhI karatA hai, jaba usase usakI svArtha siddhi hotI hai| 2 4. tejo lezyA ( zubha manovRtti ) se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa -- yaha manodazA pavitra hotI hai| isa manobhUmi meM prANI pApabhIra hotA hai| yadyapi vaha anaitika AcaraNa kI ora pravRtta nahIM hotA, tathApi vaha sukhApekSI hotA hai| lekina kisI anaitika AcaraNa dvarA una sukho kI prApti yA apanA svArtha sAdhana nahIM krtaa| dhArmika aura naitika AcaraNa meM usakI pUrNa AsthA hotI hai| ataH una kRtyoM ke sampAdana meM Ananda prApta karatA hai, jo dhArmika yA naitika dRSTi se zubha hai| isa manobhUmi meM dUsare ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA bhI hotI hai| saMkSepa meM, isa manobhUmi meM sthita prANI pavitra AcaraNa vAlA, namra, dhairyavAna, niSkapaTa, AkAMkSArahita, vinIta, saMyamI evaM yogI hotA hai|13 vaha priya evaM dRdharmI tathA parahitaiSI hotA hai| isa manobhUmi meM dUsare kA ahita to sambhava hotA hai, lekina kevala usI sthiti meM jabaki dUsarA usake hitoM kA hanana karane para utArU ho jaaye| jaina AgamoM meM tejolezyA kI zakti ko prApta karane ke liye viziSTa sAdhanA-vidhi kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai| gozAlaka ne mahAvIra se tejolezyA kI jo sAdhanA sIkhI thI usakA durupayoga usane svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake ziSyoM ke prati kiyaa| isa prakAra tejolezyA kA upayoga zubhatva aura azubhatva donoM hI dizA meM sambhava ho sakatA hai| 5. padma lezyA ( zubhatara manovRtti ) se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa -- isa manobhUmi meM pavitratA kI mAtrA pichalI bhUmi kI apekSA adhika hotI hai| isa manobhUmi meM krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobharUpa azubha manovRttiyA~ atIva alpa arthAt samAptaprAya ho jAtI hai| prANI saMyamI tathA yogI hotA hai tathA yoga sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa AtmajayI evaM praphullita hotA hai| vaha alpabhASI, upazAMta evaM jitendriya hotA hai|14 6. zukla lezyA ( paramazubha manovRtti ) se yukta vyaktitva ke lakSaNa -- yaha manobhUmi zubha manovRtti kI sarvocca bhUmikA hai| pichalI manovRtti ke sabhI zubha guNa isa avasthA meM vartamAna rahate haiM, lekina unakI vizuddhi kI mAtrA adhika hotI hai| prANI upazAMta, jitendriya evaM prasannacitta hotA hai| usake jIvana kA vyavahAra itanA mRdu hotA hai ki vaha apane hita ke lie dUsare ko tanika bhI kaSTa nahIM denA cAhatA hai| mana-vacana-karma se ekaspa hotA hai tathA unapara usakA pUrNa niyantraNa hotA hai| use mAtra apane Adarza kA bodha rahatA hai| binA kisI apekSA ke vaha mAtra svakartavya ke paripAlana ke prati jAgaska rahatA hai| sadeva svadharma evaM svasvarUpa meM nimagna rahatA hai|
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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA- siddhAnta: eka vimarza: 155 lezyA siddhAnta aura anya vicAraNAe~ bhArata meM vyakti ke manovRttiyoM, guNoM evaM karmoM ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa karane kI paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai| yaha vargIkaraNa sAmAjika evaM sAdhanAtmaka donoM dRSTikoNoM se kiyA jAtA rahA hai| sAmAjika dRSTi se isane cAturvarNya ke siddhAnta kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA thA, jisapara janmanA Ara karmaNA dRSTikoNoM ko lekara bhramaNa aura vaidika paramparA meM kAphI vivAda bhI rahA hai / sAdhanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se guNa karma ke AdhAra para vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa na kevala jaina, bauddha aura hindU paramparA ne kiyA hai, varan anya lupta zramaNa paramparAoM meM bhI aise vargIkaraNa upalabdha hote haiN| dIghanikAya meM AjIvaka sampradAya ke AcArya maMkhaliputra gozAlaka evaM aMguttaranikAya meM pUrNa kazyapa ke nAma ke sAtha hI vargIkaraNa kA nirdeza huA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dIghanikAya meM sAmaMjaphalasutta meM gozAlaka sambandhI vivaraNa meM mAtra "chasvevakvAbhijAtIsu" itanA ullekha hai, jabaki aMguttara nikAya meM pUrNakazyapa ke dvArA prastuta vivaraNa meM ina chahoM abhijAtiyoM meM kauna kisa varga meM AtA hai, isakA bhI ullekha hai| kintu isameM AjIvaka zramaNoM aura AcAryoM ko sarvocca vargoM meM rakhanA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yaha siddhAnta mUlataH AjIvakoM arthAta maMkhaligozAlaka kI paramparA kA rahA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM yA to bhrAntivaza athavA phira pUrNakazyapa dvArA bhI mAnya hone ke kAraNa ise unake nAmoM se kahA gayA hai| isakI mAnyatA ke anusAra kRSNa, nIla, lohita, haridra, zukla aura paramazukla ye chaH abhijAtiyA~ haiN| ukta vargIkaraNa meM kRSNa abhijAti meM nirgandha aura AjIvaka zramaNoM ke atirikta anya zramaNoM ko, lohita abhijAti meM nirmantha zramaNoM ko, haridra abhijAti meM AjIvaka gRhasthoM ko, zukla abhijAta meM AjIvaka ke praNetA AcArya-varga ko rakhA gayA hai I jJAtavya hai ki caturtha varga ke artha meM pUjya AcArya devendramunijI ne apane 'puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha meM evaM kumArI zAntA jaina ne apane zodha-prabandha meM jo zvetavastradhArI yA nirvastra kA artha likhA hai vaha ucita nahIM hai usameM hai mUlazabda " odAttavasanI acelasAvakA" / isakA artha hai udAtta vastra vAle acelakoM ( AjIvakoM ) ke Avaka / isameM acela sAvakA kA artha acelakoM ke Avaka aisA hai| odAttavasanA yaha zrAvakoM kA vizeSaNa hai| -- uparyukta vargIkaraNa kA jaina vicAraNA ke lezyA siddhAnta se bahuta kucha zabda sAmya hai, lekina jaina dRSTi se yaha vargIkaraNa isa artha meM bhinna hai ki eka to yaha kevala mAnava jAti taka sImita hai, jabaki jaina vargIkaraNa isameM sampUrNa prANI varga kA samAveza karatA hai| dUsare, jaina dRSTikoNa vyaktiparaka hai, jo sAmpradAyikatA se Upara uThakara kahatA hai ki pratyeka vyakti yA vyakti samUha apanI manovRttiyoM evaM karmoM ke AdhAra para kisI bhI varga yA abhijAti meM sammilita ho sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai ki jahA~ gozAlaka dvArA dUsare ko nIla abhijAti meM rakhA gayA, vahA~ nirganyoM ko lohita abhijAti meM rakhanA unake prati kucha samAdara bhAva kA dyotaka avazya hai| sambhava hai ki mahAvIra evaM gozAlaka kA pUrva sambandha hI isakA kAraNa rahA ho| jahA~ taka bhagavAna buddha kI tatsambandhI mAnyatA kA kA prazna hai, ve pUrNakazyapa athavA gozAlaka kI mAnyatA se apane ko sahamata nahIM kara pAte haiN| ve vyakti ke naitika stara ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa to prastuta karate haiM, lekina ve apane vargIkaraNa ko jaina
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________________ 156 : zramaNa/apraila-jUna/1995 vicAraNA ke samAna hI sArvabhauma evaM vastuniSTha hI rakhanA cAhate haiN| ve yaha bhI nahIM batAte ki amuka varga yA vyakti isa varga kA hai, varan yahI kahate haiM ki jisakI manobhUmikA evaM AcaraNa jisa varga ke anusAra hogA, vaha usa varga meM A jaayegaa| pUrNakazyapa ke dRSTikoNa kI samAlocanA karate hue bhagavAna buddha Ananda se kahate haiM ki 'maiM abhijAtiyoM ko to mAnatA hU~ lekina merA mantavya dUsaroM se pRthak haiN| manodazAoM ke AdhAra para AcaraNaparaka vargIkaraNa bauddha vicAraNA kA pramukha mantavya thaa| bauddha vicAraNA meM prathamataH prazasta aura aprazasta manobhAva tathA karma ke AdhAra para mAnava jAti ko kRSNa aura zukla varga meM rakhA gyaa| jo krUra karmI haiM ve kRSNa abhijAti ke haiM aura jo zubha karmI hai ve zukla abhijAti ke haiN| punaH kRSNa prakAra vAle aura zukla prakAra vAle manuSyoM ko guNa-karma ke AdhAra para tIna-tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai| jainAgama uttarAdhyayana meM bhI lezyAoM ko prazasta aura aprazasta ina do bhAgoM meM bA~Takara pratyeka ke tIna-tIna vibhAga kiye gaye hai| bauddha vicAraNA ne zubhAzubha karmoM evaM manobhAvoM ke AdhAra para cha. varga to mAna liye, lekina isake atirikta unhoMne eka varga una logoM kA bhI mAnA jo zubhAzubha se Upara uTha gaye haiM aura ise akRSNa zukla khaa| jaise jaina darzana meM arhat ko alezI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra buddha ne nimna cha: abhijAtiyA~ pratipAdita kI haiM -- ___(1) koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika (nIca kula meM paidA huA) ho aura kRSNa dharma (pApakRtya ) karatA hai / (2) koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika ho aura zukla dharma karatA hai| (3) koI vyakti kRSNAbhijAtika ho akRSNa- azukla nirvANa ko samutpanna karatA (4) koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ( uccakula meM samutpanna huA ) ho tathA zukla dharma ( puNya ) karatA hai| (5) koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ho aura kRSNakarma karatA hai| ___(6) koI vyakti zuklAbhijAtika ho azukla-akRSNa nirvANa ko samutpanna karatA isa vargIkaraNa meM bhagavAna buddha ne janma aura karma donoM ko hI apanA AdhAra banAyA hai jabaki jaina paramparA manobhAvoM aura kamoM ko hI mahattva detI hai, janma ko nhiiN| phira bhI usameM deva evaM nAraka ke sambandha meM jo lezyA kI carcA hai usase aisA lagatA hai ki vaha varga vizeSa meM janma ke sAtha lezyA vizeSa kI upasthiti mAnate the| lezyA-siddhAnta aura gItA gItA meM bhI prANiyoM ke guNa-karma ke anusAra vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa kI dhAraNA milatI hai| gItA na kevala sAmAjika dRSTi se prANiyoM ko guNa-karma ke anusAra cAra vargoM meM vargIkRta karatI hai, varan vaha AcaraNa kI dRSTi se bhI eka alaga vargIkaraNa prastuta karatI hai|
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________________ gItA ke 16veM adhyAya meM prANiyoM kI AsurI evaM daivI aisI do prakAra kI prakRti batalAyI gaI hai aura isI AdhAra para prANiyoM ke do vibhAga kiye gaye hai| gItA kA kathana hai ki prANiyoM yA manuSyoM kI prakRti do hI prakAra kI hotI hai yA to daivI yA aasurii| 18 usameM bhI daivI guNa mokSa ke hetu haiM aura AsurI guNa bandhana ke hetu haiN| 19 gItA meM hameM dvividha vargIkaraNa hI milatA hai, jinheM hama cAhe daivI aura AsurI prakRti kaheM, cAhe kRSNa aura zuklapakSI kaheM yA kRSNa aura zukla abhijAti kaheM / SaT lezyAoM kI jaina vicAraNA ke vivecana meM bhI do hI mUla prakAra haiN| prathama tIna kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA ko avizuddha, aprazasta aura saMkliSTa kahA gayA hai| aura antima tIna tejo, padma aura zukla lezyA ko vizuddha prazasta aura asaMkliSTa kahA gayA hai| 20 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kRSNa, nIla evaM kApota adharma lezyAyeM haiM aura inake kAraNa jIvana durgati meM jAtA hai aura tejoM, padma evaM zukla dharmalezyAyeM haiM aura inake kAraNa jIva saMgati meM jAtA hai| 21 paM0 sukhalAla jI likhate haiM ki kRSNa aura zukla ke bIca kI lezyAyeM, vicAragata azubhatA ke vividha mizraNa mAtra haiM / 22 jaina dRSTi ke anusAra dharma lezyAyeM yA prazasta lezyAyeM mokSa kA hetu to hotI haiM evaM jIvanamukta avasthA taka vidyamAna bhI rahatI haiM, lekina videha mukti usI avasthA meM hotI hai jaba prANI inase bhI Upara uTha jAtA hai isalie yahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki dharma lezyAyeM sugati kA kAraNa haiM, nirvANa kA kAraNa nahIM haiN| nirvANa kA kAraNa to lezyAoM se atIta honA hai| I jaina vicAraNA vivecanA ke kSetra meM vizleSaNAtmaka adhika rahI hai / ataeva vargIkaraNa karane kI sthiti meM bhI usane kAphI gaharAI taka jAne kI koziza kI aura isI AdhAra para yaha SaT - vidha vivecana kiyaa| lekina tathya yaha hai ki guNAtmaka antara ke AdhAra para to do hI bheda hote haiM, zeSa vargIkaraNa mAtrAtmaka hI haiM aura isa prakAra yadi mUla AdhAroM kI ora dRSTi rakheM to jaina aura gItA kI vicAraNA ko atinikaTa hI pAte haiN| jahA~ taka jaina darzana kI dharma aura adharma lezyAoM meM aura gItA kI daivI aura AsurI sampadA meM prANI kI manaHsthiti evaM AcaraNa kA jo citraNa kiyA gayA hai, usameM bahuta kucha zabda evaM bhAva sAmya hai| dharma lezyAoM meM prANI kI manaHsthiti evaM caritra (uttarAdhyayana23 ke AdhAra para jaina dRSaTikoNa) jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta: eka vimarza: 157 1. prazAnta citta 2. jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa meM rata 3. indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAlA 4. svAdhyAyI 5. hitaiSI 6. krodha kI nyUnatA 7. mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA tyAgI daivI sampadA se yukta prANI kI manaH sthiti evaM caritra (gItA 24 kA dRSTikoNa) zAntacitta evaM svaccha antaHkaraNa vAlA tatvajJAna ke lie dhyAna meM nirantara dRr3ha sthiti indriyoM kA damana karane vAlA svAdhyAyI, dAnI evaM uttama karma karane vAlA ahiMsAyukta, dayAzIla tathA abhaya akrodhI, kSamAzIla tyAgI
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________________ 158 : zramaNa/apraila-jUna/1995 8. alpabhASI apizunI tathA satyazIla 9. indriya aura mana para adhikAra karane vAlA alolupa ( indriya viSayoM meM anAsakta) 10, tejasvI tejasvI 11. dRr3hadharmI dhairyavAna 12. naya evaM vinIta komana 13. capalatA rahita tathA zAMta capalatArahita ( adhapala) 14. pApabhIru zAnta loka aura zAstraviruddha AcaraNa meM lajjA aprazasta yA adharma lezyAoM meM prANiyoM kI AsurI sampadA se yukta prANI kI manaHsthiti manaHsthiti evaM caritra (uttarAdhyayana25 ke evaM caritra (gItA ke AdhAra para)26 gItA kA AdhAra para jaina dRSTikoNa) dRSTikoNa 1. ajJAnI 3. mana, vacana evaM karma se agupta 4. durAcArI 5. kapaTI 6. mithyAdRSTi 7. avicArapUrvaka karma karane vAlA 8. nRzaMsa 9. hiMsaka 10. rasalolupa evaM viSayI 11. avirata 12. cora kartavyAkartavya ke jJAna kA abhAva naSTAtmA evaM cintAgrasta mAnasika evaM kAyika zauca se rahita ( apavitra ) azuddha AcAra (durAcArI) kaphTI, mithyAbhASI AtmA aura jagata ke viSaya meM mithyA dRSTikoNa alpabuddhi krUrakarmI hiMsaka, jagat kA nAza karane vAlA kAmabhoga parAyaNa tathA krodhI tRSNAyukta cora mahAbhArata aura lezyA siddhAnta gItA mahAbhArata kA aMga hai aura mahAbhArata meM sanatkumAra evaM vRtrAsura ke saMvAda meM prANiyoM ke chaH prakAra ke vargoM kA nirdeza huA hai| ve varNa haiM : kRSNa, dhUmra, nIla, rakta, hAridra aura shukl| ina cha: vargoM kI sukhAtmaka sthiti kA citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kRSNa, dhUma aura nIla varNa kA sukha madhyama hotA hai, rakta varNa kA sukha sahya hotA hai| hAridra varNa sukhakara hotA hai aura zukla varNa sarvAdhika sukhakara hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhI SaTlezyAoM kI sukhaduHkhAtmaka sthitiyoM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isake atirikta mahAbhArata meM brAhamaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra varNoM
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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta : eka vimarza : 159 ke cAra raMgoM ( varNoM ) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isameM zUdra ko kRSNa, vaizya ko nIla, kSatriya ko rakta, aura brAhmaNa ko zukla varNa kahA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jainAcArya jaTAsiMha nandI ne varAMgacarita ( 7vIM zatI ) meM isa avadhAraNA kI spaSTa samIkSA bhI kI thI / unhoMne kahA thA ki na to sabhI zUdra kAle hote haiM aura na sabhI brAhmaNa zukla varNa ke hote haiN| sAtha hI mahAbhArata meM vargoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM kI ucca evaM nimna gatiyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI sabhI vargoM kI carcA karate hue bhI batAyA gayA hai ki nArakIya jIvoM kA varNa kRSNa hotA hai, jo naraka se nikalate haiM unakA varNa dhUmra hotA hai| mAnava jAti kA varNa nIlA hotA hai| devoM kA rakta varNa hotA hai| anugrahazIla viziSTa devoM kA varNa hAridra aura sAdhakoM kA varNa zukla hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki varNoM ( raMgoM ) ke AdhAra para prANiyoM kA vargIkaraNa aneka dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai| yoga-sUtra evaM lezyA-siddhAnta ___ isI prakAra patajali ne apane yogasUtra meM cAra jAtiyA~ pratipAdita kI hai : 1. kRSNa, 2. kRSNa-zukla, 3. zukla aura 4. ashukl-akRssnn| inheM kramazaH azuddhatara, azuddha, zuddha aura zuddhatara kahA gayA hai| uparokta AdhAroM para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prArambha meM kRSNa aura zukla ina do vargoM kI kalpanA ko manovRtti, AcaraNa, gati Adi se jor3A gayA / jaina darzana meM inheM kRSNapakSI aura zuklapakSI kahA gayA aura kRSNapakSI ko mithyA dRSTi aura zukla pakSI ko samyak dRSTi mAnA gayA / bauddha grantha dhammapada meM kRSNadharma aura zukladharma kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki paNDita kRSNa dharma kA parityAga kara zukla dharma kA anusaraNa kre| Age calakara akRSNa azukla rUpa nirvANa kalpanA ke sAtha tIna varga banAye gye| phira janma ke AdhAra para kRSNa-abhijAti aura zukla-abhijAti kI kalpanA kA karma kI dRSTi se ukta tIna avasthAoM se saMyoga karake bauddha dharma meM bhI chaH varga bane haiM, jinakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| isa prakAra kRSNa aura zukla donoM ke saMyoga se kRSNa-zukla nAmaka tIsare aura donoM kA atikramaNa karane se cauthe varga kI kalpanA kI gayI aura isa prakAra eka caturvidha vargIkaraNa bhI huaa| pataMjali aura bauddha darzana meM yaha caturvidha vargIkaraNa bhI milatA hai| kRSNa aura zukla varNa ke madhyavartI anya vargoM kI kalpanA ke sAtha AjIvaka Adi kucha prAcIna zramaNa dhArAoM meM SaT abhijAtiyoM kI aura jainadhArA meM lezyAoM kI avadhAraNA sAmane AyI hai| lezyA siddhAnta evaM pAzcAtya nItivettA rAsa ke naitika vyaktitva kA vargIkaraNa pAzcAtya nItizAstra meM DablyU0 rAsa bhI eka aisA vargIkaraNa prastuta karate hai jisakI tulanA jaina lezyA siddhAnta se kI jA sakatI hai| rAsa kahate haiM ki naitika zubha eka aisA zubha hai jo hamAre kAryoM, icchAoM, saMvegoM tathA caritra se sambandhita hai| naitika zubhatA kA mUlya kevala isI bAta meM nahIM hai ki usakA preraka kyA hai, varan usakI anaitikatA ke prati avarodhaka zakti se bhI hai| unake anusAra naitika zubhatva ke sandarbha meM manobhAvoM kA unake
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________________ 160 : zramaNa / apraila-jUna/1995 nimnatama rUpa se uccatama rUpa taka eka nimna prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai- 1. dUsaroM ko jitanA adhika duHkha diyA jA sakatA hai, dene kI icchA / 2. dUsaroM ko kisI vizeSa prakAra kA asthAyI duHkha utpanna karane kI icchA / 3. naitika dRSTi se anucita sukha prApta karane kI icchA / 4. aisA sukha prApta karane kI icchA jo naitika dRSTi se ucita na ho, lekina anucita bhI na ho / 5. naitika dRSTi se ucita sukha prApta karane kI icchaa| 6. dUsaroM ko sukha dene kI icchA / 7. koI zubha kArya karane kI icchA / 8. apane naitika kartavya ke paripAlana kI icchA 27 rAsa apane isa vargIkaraNa meM jaina lezyA siddhAnta ke kAphI nikaTa A jAte haiN| jaina vicAraka aura rAsa donoM svIkAra karate haiM ki naitika zubha kA samanvaya hamAre kAryoM, icchAoM, saMvegoM tathA caritra se hai| yahI nahIM donoM vyakti ke naitika vikAsa kA mUlyAMkana isa bAta se karate haiM ki vyakti ke manobhAvoM evaM AcaraNa meM kitanA parivartana huA hai aura vaha vikAsa kI kisa bhUmikA meM sthita hai| rAsa ke vargIkaraNa ke pahale stara kI tulanA kRSNa lezyA kI manobhUmi se kI jA sakatI hai, donoM hI dRSTikoNoM ke anusAra isa stara meM prANI kI manovRtti dUsaroM ko yathAsambhava duHkha dene kI hotI hai| jaina vicAraNA kA jAmuna ke vRkSa vAlA udAharaNa bhI yahI batAtA hai ki kRSNalezyA vAlA vyakti usa jAmuna ke vRkSa ke mUla ko prApta karane kI icchA rakhatA hai arthAt jitanA vinAza kiyA jA sakatA hai yA jitanA duHkha diyA jA sakatA hai, use dene kI icchA rakhatA hai| dUsare stara kI tulanA nIla lezyA se kI jA sakatI hai| rAsa ke anusAra vyakti isa stara meM dUsaroM ko asthAyI duHkha dene kI icchA rakhatA hai, jainadRSTi ke anusAra bhI isa avasthA meM prANI dUsaroM ko duHkha usI sthiti meM denA cAhatA hai, jaba unake duHkha dene se usakA svArtha sadhatA hai| isa prakAra isa stara para prANI dUsaroM ko tabhI duHkha detA hai jaba usakA svArtha unase TakarAtA ho / yadyapi jaina dRSTi yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki isa stara meM vyakti apane choTe se hita ke lie dUsaroM kA bar3A ahita karane meM nahIM skucaataa| jaina vicAraNA ke uparyukta udAharaNa meM batAyA gayA hai ki nIla lezyA vAlA vyakti phala ke lie samUla vRkSa kA nAza to nahIM karatA, lekina usakI zAkhA ko kATa dene kI manovRtti rakhatA hai arthAt usa vRkSa kA pUrNa nAza nahIM, varan usake eka bhAga kA nAza karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AMzika duHkha detA hai| rAsa ke tIsare stara kI tulanA jaina dRSTi kI kApotalezyA se kI jA sakatI hai| jaina dRSTi yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki nIla aura kApota lezyA ke ina staroM meM vyakti sukhApekSI hotA hai, lekina jina sukhoM kI vaha gaveSaNA karatA hai, ve vAsanAtmaka sukha hI hote haiN| dUsare, jaina vicAraNA yaha bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki kApota lezyA ke stara taka vyakti apane svArthoM yA sukhoM kI prApti ke lie kisI naitika zubhAzubhatA kA vicAra nahIM karatA hai / vaha jo 'kucha bhI karatA hai vaha mAtra svArtha prerita hotA hai| rAsa ke tIsare stara meM vyakti naitika
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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta : eka vimarza : 161 dRSTi se anucita sukha prApta karanA cAhatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ para bhI rAsa evaM jaina dRSTikoNa vicAra-sAmya rakhate haiN| rAsa ke cauthe, pA~caveM aura chaThe staroM kI saMyukta rUpa se tulanA jaina dRSTi kI tejolezyA ke stara ke sAtha ho sakatI hai| rAsa cauthe stara meM prANI kI prakRti isa prakAra batAte hai ki vyakti sukha to pAnA cAhatA hai, lekina vaha unhIM sukhoM kI prApti kA prayAsa karatA hai jo naitika dRSTi se anucita bhI nahIM ho, pA~caveM stara para prANI naitika dRSTi se ucita sukhoM ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai tathA chaThe stara para vaha dUsaroM ko sukha dene kA prayAsa bhI karatA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra bhI tejolezyA ke stara para prANI naitika dRSTi se ucita se ucita sukhoM ko hI pAne kI icchA rakhatA hai, sAtha-sAtha vaha dUsare kI sukha-suvidhAoM kA bhI dhyAna rakhatA hai| rAsa ke sAtaveM stara kI tulanA jaina-dRSTi meM padmalezyA se kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki donoM ke anusAra isa stara para vyakti dUsaroM ke hita kA dhyAna rakhatA hai tathA dUsaroM ke hita ke lie una saba kAryoM ko karane meM tatpara rahatA hai, jo naitika dRSTi se zubha haiN| rAsa ke anusAra manobhAvoM ke AThaveM sarvocca stara para vyakti ko mAtra apane kartavya kA bodha rahatA hai| vaha hitAhita kI bhUmikAoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| isI prakAra jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra bhI naitikatA kI isa uccatama bhUmikA meM jise zukla lezyA kahA jAtA hai, vyakti ko samatva bhAva kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai, ataH vaha sva aura para bheda se Upara uThakara mAtra Atma-svarUpa meM sthita rahatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki na kevala jaina, bauddha aura bRhad hindU paramparA varan pAzcAtya vicAraka bhI isa viSaya meM ekamata haiM ki vyakti ke manobhAvoM se usake vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai| vyakti kA AcaraNa eka ora usake manobhAvoM kA paricAyaka hai, to dUsarI ora usake naitika vyaktitva kA nirmAtA bhI hai| manobhAva evaM tajjanita AcaraNa jaise-jaise azubha se zubha kI ora bar3hatA hai, vaise-vaise vyakti meM bhI paripakvatA evaM vikAsa dRSTigata hotA hai| aise zuddha, saMtulita, sthira evaM paripakva vyaktitva kA nirmANa jIvana kA lakSya hai| lezyA siddhAnta kA aitihAsika vikAsakrama jahA~ taka lezyA kI avadhAraNA ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama kA prazna hai| DaoN0 lyUmena aura DaoN0 haramana jaikobI kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki AjIvakoM kI SaT-abhijAtiyoM kI kalpanA se hI jainoM meM SaT-lezyAoM kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai| SaT-lezyAoM ke nAma Adi kI SaT-abhijAtiyoM ke nAmoM se bahuta kucha sAmyatA ko dekhakara unakA yaha mAna lenA asvAbhAvika to nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai phira bhI yadi abhijAti siddhAnta aura lezyA-siddhAnta kI mUla prakRti ko dekheM to hameM donoM meM eka antara pratIta hotA hai| abhijAti kA siddhAnta dhArmika vizvAsoM aura sAdhanAoM ke bAhaya AdhAra para kiyA gayA vyakti kA vargIkaraNa hai, jabaki lezyA kA siddhAnta manovRttiyoM ke AdhAra para hone vAle manodaihika parivartanoM aura vyakti ke
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________________ 162 : zramaNa/apraila-jUna/1995 vyaktitva kI cAritrika viziSTatAoM kA sUcaka hai| ataH nAma sAmyatA hote hue bhI donoM meM dRSTigata bhinnatA hai| dUsare yaha hai ki pUrNakazyapa, makhalI gozAla Adi AjIvaka AcArya bhI mahAvIra ke samakAlika hI haiM, ataH kisase kisane liyA hai yaha kahanA kaThina hai| punaH lezyA zabda jainoM kA apanA pAribhASika zabda hai, kisI bhI anya paramparA meM isa artha meM yaha zabda milatA hI nahIM hai| ataH isa avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kA zreya to jaina paramparA ko denA hI hogaa| ho sakatA hai ki SaT-abhijAti Adi usa yuga meM samAnAntara rUpa se pracalita anya siddhAntoM se unhoMne kRSNa, zukla, nIla Adi nAma grahaNa kiye hoM kintu yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki Sada-abhijAtiyoM evaM SaT-lezyAoM ke nAmoM meM bhI pUrI samAnatA hai kevala kRSNa, nIla aura zukla ye tIna samAna hai kintu lohita, hAridra, padma-zukla ye tIna nAma lezyA siddhAnta meM nahIM hai, unake sthAna para kApota, tejo evaM padama ye tIna nAma milate haiN| ataH lezyA siddhAnta abhijAti siddhAnta kI pUrNataH anukRti nahIM hai| manobhAvoM, cAritrika vizuddhi, loka kalyANa kI pravRtti Adi ke AdhAra para vyaktiyoM athavA unake vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa kI paramparA sabhI dharma paramparAoM meM aura sabhI kAloM meM pAI jAtI hai| pratyeka dharma paramparA ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se usa para vicAra kiyaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se lezyA zabda kA prayoga atiprAcIna hai| itanA nizcita hai ki prAcIna pAli tripiTaka ke dIghanikAya aura aMguttaranikAya, jinameM AbhijAti kA siddhAnta pAyA jAtA hai, kI apekSA AdhArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha bhASA, zailI aura viSayavastu tInoM hI dRSTiyoM se prAcIna hai| vidvAna use I0 pU0 pA~cavI-cauthI zatI kA grantha mAnate haiM aura usameM abahilesse28 zabda kI upasthiti yahI sUcita karatI hai ki lezyA kI avadhAraNA mahAvIra ke samakAlIna hai| punaH uttarAdhyayanasUtra jo AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ke atirikta anya sabhI AgamoM se prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai, meM lezyAoM ke sambandha meM eka pUrA adhyayana upalabdha honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki lezyA kI avadhAraNA eka prAcIna avadhAraNA hai| jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika aura cAritrika vizuddhi kI dRSTi se paravartI kAla meM jo trividha AtmA kA siddhAnta aura guNa sthAna ke siddhAnta astitva meM Aye, usakI apekSA lezyA kA siddhAnta prAcIna hai| kyoMki na kevala AcArAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM apitu sUtrakRtAMga meM 'suvizuddhaleseM tathA aupapAtikasUtra meM 'apaDilessa zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yahA~ sarvatra lezyA zabda manovRtti kA hI paricAyaka hai aura sAdhaka kI AtmA vizuddhi kI sthiti ko sUcita karatA vastutaH lezyA siddhAnta meM AtmA ke saMkliSTa athavA vizuddha pariNAmoM kI carcA raMgoM ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| yaha raMgoM ke AdhAra para vyaktiyoM aura unake manobhAvoM ke vargIkaraNa kI paramparA bhAratIya sAhitya meM ati prAcIna kAla se rahI hai| lezyA kI avadhAraNA ko prAcIna kahane se hamArA yaha tAtparya nahIM ki usameM koI vikAsa nahIM huaa| yadi hama jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha lezyA sambandhI vivaraNoM ko par3heM to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki lezyA-avadhAraNA kI aneka dRSTiyoM se vivecanA kI gayI hai| sarvaprathama
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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta : eka vimarza : 163 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM nAma, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa, sthAna, sthiti, gati aura Ayu ina gyAraha vicAra binduoM (dvAroM) se usa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jabaki bhagavatI evaM prajJApanAsUtra meM nimna pandraha vicAra binduoM (roM) se lezyA kI carcA kI gayI hai| ___ 1.pariNAma, 2, varNa, 3. rasa, 4. gaMdha, 5. zuddha, 6. aprazasta, 7. saMkliSTa, 8. uSNa, 9. gati, 10. pariNAma, 11. pradeza, 12. vargaNA, 13. avagAhanA, 14. sthAna evaM 15. alpbhutv| isake pazcAt digambara paramparA meM akalaMka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika31 meM lezyA kI vivecanA ke nimna solaha anuyogoM kI carcA kI hai-- 1. nirdeza, 2. varNa, 3. pariNAma, 4. saMkrama, 5. karma, 6. lakSaNa, 7. gati 8. svAmitva, 9. saMkhyA, 10. sAdhanA, 11. kSetra 12. sparzana, 13. kAla, 14. antara , 15. bhAva aura 16. alpa bhutv| ___ akalaMka ke pazcAta gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa32 meM bhI lezyA kI vivecanA ke uparyukta 16 hI adhikAroM kA ullekha huA hai| vistArabhaya se hama yahA~ ina sabhI kI carcA nahIM kara rahe hai kintu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se lezyA kA prAcIna hone para bhI isameM kramika vikAsa dekhane ko milatA hai| isakI vistRta carcA kucha ( DaoN0 ) zAntA jaina ne apane zodha-prabaMdha meM kI hai| Adhunika vijJAna aura lezyA siddhAnta hama dekhate hai ki I0 pU0 pA~cavI zatAbdI se I0 pU0 dazavIM zatAbdI taka lezyA sambandhI cintana meM jo kramika vikAsa huA thA, vaha 11-12vIM zatAbdI ke bAda prAyaH sthira ho gayA thaa| kintu Adhunika yuga meM manovijJAna, raMga-manovijJAna, raMga-cikitsA Adi jJAna kI nayI vidhAoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha jaina darzana kI lezyA saMbaMdhI vivecanAoM ko eka nayA mor3a prApta huA / jaina darzana ke lezyA siddhAnta ko Adhunika vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM vyAkhyAyita karane kA mukhya zreya AcArya tulasI ke vijJAna ziSya yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jI ko jAtA hai| unhoMne Adhunika vyaktitva manovijJAna ke sAtha-sAtha AbhAmaNDala, raMga-manovijJAna, raMga-cikitsA Adi avadhAraNAoM ko lekara 'AbhAmaNDala jainayoga Adi apane graMtha meM isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| prAcIna aura arvAcIna avadhAraNAoM ko lekara kucha DaoN0 zAntA jaina ne lezyA kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana nAmaka eka zodha-prabandha likhA hai jisameM lezyA ke vibhinna pakSoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| unhoMne apane isa zodha-grantha meM lezyA kA saiddhAntika pakSa, manovaijJAnika pariprekSya meM lezyA, raMgo kI manovaijJAnika prastuti, lezyA aura AbhAmaNDala, vyaktitva aura lezyA, sambhava hai vyaktitva badalAva aura lezyA dhyAna, raMgadhyAna aura lezyA Adi lezyA ke vibhinna AyAmoM para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai| vastutaH unakA yaha grantha lezyA kI prAcIna avadhAraNA kI Adhunika jJAna-vijJAna ke sandarbha meM eka navIna vyAkhyA hai aura bhAvI lezyA sambandhI adhyayanoM ke lie mArga pradarzaka hai| isake adhyayana se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki bhAratIya cintana kI prAcIna avadhAraNAoM ko
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________________ 164 : zramaNa/apraila-jUna/1995 Adhunika jJAna-vijJAna ke sandarbha meM kisa prakAra prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura unakI samakAlika prAsaMgikatA ko kaise siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| AzA hai Adhunika vijJAna aura manovijJAna ke adhyetA isa dizA meM apane prayatnoM ko Age bar3hAyeMge aura isa prakAra ke adhyayana kA jo hara yuvAcArya mahAprajJa aura DaoN zAntA jaina ne udghATita kiyA hai, use nayA AyAma pradAna kareMge aura sAtha hI mAnava ke cAritrika badalAva aura AdhyAtmika vizuddhi kI dizA meM sahayogI bneNge| Aja paryAvaraNa kI vizuddhi para dhyAna to diyA jAne lagA hai kintu isa bhautika paryAvaraNa kI apekSA jo hamArA manodaihika aura mAnasika paryAvaraNa hai aura jise jaina paramparA meM lezyA kahA gayA hai use bhI zuddha rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki lezyA kI avadhAraNA hameM yahI iMgita karatI hai ki hama saMkliSTa mAnasika pariNAmoM se Upara uThakara apane mAnasika paryAvaraNa ko kisa prakAra zuddha rakha sakate haiN| sandarbha 1. dekheM -- abhidhAna rAjendra koSa, khaNDa 3, pR0 395 2. lezyA -- atIva cakSurAdIpikA snigdha, dIpta, spA chAyA -- uttarAdhyayana bRhad vRtti patra 650 3. dekheM -- bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga 2 (sampAdaka paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI), jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, gAthA 1901 4. zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha, khaNDa paMcama, pR0 461 5 DaoN0 zAntA jaina, lezyA kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana, prathama adhyAya 6. abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 6, pR0 675 7. (a) darzana aura cintana, bhAga 2, pR0 297 (ba) abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 6, pR0 675 8. uttarAdhyayana, 34/3 9. ethikala sTaDIja, pR0 65 10. uttarAdhyayana, 34/21-22 11. vahI, 34/21-22 12. vahI, 34/25-26 13. vahI, 34/27-28 14. vahI, 34/29-30. 15. vahI, 34/31-32 16. aMguttaranikAya, 6/3 17. vahI, 6/3 18. gItA, 16/6 19. vahI 16/5 20. abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 6, 70 687
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________________ jaina dharma kA lezyA-siddhAnta : eka vimarza : 165 21. uttarAdhyayana, 34/56-57 22. darzana aura cintana,bhAga - 2, pR0 112 23. uttarAdhyayana 34/27-32 24. gItA, 16/1-3 25. uttarAdhyayana, 34/21-36 26. gItA, 16/7-18 27. phAuNDezana oNpha ethiksa - uddhata, Contemporary Ethical Theories, pR0 332 28. AyAro-6/106 29. uttarAdhyayana - 34/2 30. prajJApanA sUtra, 17/411 31. tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR0 238 32. gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa, gAthA 491-492