Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharma aura islAma meM ahiMsA : tulanAtmaka dRSTi DaoN0 niz2AmauddIna dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai tatthimaM paDhamaM ThANaM mahAvIreNaM desiyaM / ahiMsA niuNAdiTThA savvabhUesa saMjamo // savve jIvAvi icchaMti jIviuM na marijjiuM / tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM niggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM // arthAt vratoM meM ahiMsA kA sarvaprathama jJAna mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa hai / mahAvIra ke dvArA ahiMsA sUkSma rUpa se prakaTa kI gaI hai / saba prANiyoM ke prati karuNAbhAva rakhanA hI ahiMsA hai sabhI jIva jIne kI icchA karate haiM, marane kI nahIM, ataH saMyata vyakti usa pIr3AdAyaka prANavadha kA parityAga karate haiM / gaharAI se dekhA jAye to ahiMsA mAnava jIvana kI cetanA hai, kisI prANI kI hiMsA kA tyAga hI ahiMsA nahIM, balki sabhI prANiyoM se prema karanA ahiMsA hai / ahiMsaka AtmadarzI hotA hai, sakala saMsAra ke jIvoM ko Atmavat dekhatA hai / 'kUrmapurANa' (76-80) meM ullekha hai ki sarvadA sarva prANiyoM ko mana, vacana, karma se pIr3ita na karanA, parama RSiyoM kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA hai- karmaNA manasA vAcA sarvabhUteSu sarvadA / aklezajananaM proktA tvahiMsA paramarSibhiH // --- yahI bAta 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' (8, 10) meM isa prakAra prastuta kI gaI hai| jaganissiehi bhUehi, tasanAmehi no simAraMbhe daMDa, maNasA vayasA thAvarehi ca / kAyasA caiva // mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRtakArita anumodanA se kisI dazA meM trasa sthAvara jIvoM ko duHkha na pahu~cAnA ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA saba ko trANa dene vAlI hai / yaha zIla kA parigraha hai aura mAnavatA kA saccA dharma hai / ahiMsA hiMsA kA niSedha hai, ise niSedharUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / vidhi-rUpa meM prANimAtra ke prati maitrI bhAva ahiMsA hai / ahiMsaka saba prANiyoM kA hita cAhatA hai-hadIsa meM kahA gayA hai - 'khairunnAsi ma~yyanaphAunnAsa' yAni uttama puruSa vaha hai jo dUsare manuSyoM ko lAbha pahu~cAye / allAha nyAya, bhalAI karane kA Adeza detA hai ( nahala, 90 ) jaba manuSya asAvadhAnI baratatA hai, yA pramAda karatA hai to hiMsA kA janma hotA hai / tattvArthasUtra' meM umAsvAmI kahate haiM- pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA ( :, 13 ) jaba manuSya sAvadhAnI baratatA hai, viveka se kAma letA hai to usa samaya hiMsA kama hotI hai
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 126 DaoN0 niz2AmauddIna aura sAvadhAnI baratane para, vivekazIla hone para jo hiMsA hotI hai, AcAryoM ne use hiMsA nahIM kahA aura aisI hiMsA se manuSya pApa kA bhAgI bhI nahIM banatA / AcArya kuMdakuMda ke pravacana - sAra (3,17 ) kI gAthA hai maradu va jIvadu jIvo ajadAcArassa picchidA hiMsA / payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa samidassa || - saMsAra meM sabhI jIvoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai, cAhate haiM- sukhapriya hai, koI duHkha nahIM cAhate, saba jInA savve pANA piyAuA, suhasAyA, dukkhapaDikUlA, appiyavahA / piyajIviNo jIviukAmA, savvesi jIviyaM piyaM // jainadharma kI ahiMsA bhAvoM para nirbhara hai, jisake mana meM dUsaroM ko satAne, kaSTa dene kA bhAva utpanna huA to vaha hiMsA karane vAlA hogA jisane apane ko saMyata kara liyA usase hiMsA nahIM hogI, yA kama hogI / -- AcArAMga islAma dharma amno-AzatI kA dharma hai / islAma zabda 'salama' se nikalA hai jisakA artha hai salAmatI, baMdagI, taslIma / yahA~ bhI bhAva yA niyata kA bar3A dakhala hai / niyata kharAba honA kucha vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM gunAha kA mukhakiba honA hai / yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki jaba taka burAI saMraz2ada na ho to gunAha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kuraAna meM bAra-bAra allAha kA Adeza hai ki tuma meM saba se acchA vaha vyakti hai jo muttakI aura parahejagAra hai / muttakI yA parahejagAra honA saMyamI honA hai, sAvadhAnI baratanA hai| 'dazavekAlika' (111) ke prathama adhyAya kI prathama gAthA meM use hI dharma aura utkRSTa maMgala mAnA gayA hai jo ahiMsA saMyama aura tapamaya ho, aise maMgalamaya dharma meM jo lIna rahatA hai, usakA devatA bhI vaMdana karate haiN| dharma kA sambandha AtmA se hai aura vaha AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA mArga darzAtA hai / yahI AcAra yA cAritra dharma hai / dharma vicAra tathA AcAra donoM meM honA cAhie / ataH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM mokSamArga kahe gaye haiM / 1 islAma meM rojA -namAz2a kA mahattva bahuta hai, lekina sAtha meM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki aisI namAja se yA roje se kyA lAbha jo vyakti ko burAiyoM se pAka na kare usake AcaraNa ko na sudhAre, use saMyamI tathA parahez2agAra na banAye, use naphasaparastI yA indriyAnurAga se na roke / jainadharma kI bhA~ti islAma meM bhI naphasa para kAbU pAne yA indriyanigraha karane para vizeSa bala diyA hai| kuraAna meM 'rahIma' aura rahamAna zabdoM kA prayoga aneka bAra kiyA gayA hai / inase matalaba hai dayAlutA, ahiMsA, rahama karanA ye khudA ke vizeSaNa bhI haiM lekina allAha jahA~ 'rahamAna' tathA 'rahIma' hai vahA~ vaha 'kahAru' bhI hai gajaba DhAne vAlA bhI hai, jAlima ko sajA dene vAlA bhI hai / / jainadharma meM rAga-dva eSa se Upara uThane para hI AtmA ko mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / rAgadveSa ke rahate jJAna prApta nahIM ho sakatA, AtmA paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatA / kuraAna kA
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharma aura islAma meM ahiMsA : tulanAtmaka dRSTi kahanA bhI yahI hai ki jo apane krodha ko jabta nahIM karatA, yA jisameM jabte naphasa nahIM hai, vaha jannata ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA / islAma meM dharma ke mAmale meM jora-jabaradastI kA Adeza nahIM hai - aura sUre baqara se phitanA-phasAda ko katla karane se bhI sakhta mAnA hai dharma ke viSaya meM koI jabaradastI nahIM, duniyA meM phasAda paidA mata karo / phasAda, zarArata katla se adhika sakhta haiM / " jisane binA kAraNa kisI ko katla kiyA, phasAda phailAyA, usane tamAma AdamiyoM ko katla kara DAlA / " aura jisane kisI vyakti ko bacA liyA, goyA usane tamAma insAnoM ko bacA liyA | 'kuraAna' meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki khudA ke, rahamAna ke bande ve haiM jo jamIna para narma cAla calate haiM aura nAhaka kisI jIva ko halAka nahIM karate / zara, phitanA, phasAda, katla tazadduda sabhI hiMsA kI zreNI meM Ane vAle zabda haiN| urdU meM sAdhAraNa bolacAla meM hama 'adma tazada' ko ahiMsA kA samAnArthaka mAna sakate haiM, lekina ahiMsA zabda adhika vyApaka tathA bahuAyAmI hai / islAma meM jyAdatI yA hiMsA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jo tuma para jyAdatI kare to tuma bhI una para jyAdatI karo, jaisI usane para jyAdatI kI hai tuma 127 lekina mApha karane ko islAma meM badalA lene se acchA samajhA gayA hai / jainadharma meM bhI kSamA ko dharma ke uttama lakSaNoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / lekina "jAlima kA julma sahana karanA julma ko bar3hAnA hai, isalie jAlima kA mukAbalA bhI karanA cAhie / " (hajarata umara ) jainadharma kI ahiMsA kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki anyAya, atyAcArI ke sAmane AdamI samarpaNa kara de / AtmarakSA ke lie, dezarakSA ke lie evaM mAnavatA kI surakSA ke lie hiMsA karanA nyAyocita hai aura aise zatru kI hatyA, hatyA nahIM kahI jA sakatI, hiMsA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI / senA kA zatru senA para AkramaNa karanA hiMsA kI zreNI meM nahIM AyegA, yadi zatru hama para AkramaNa kareMge to hama zatru para AkramaNa kareMge / 'yazastilaka' ( pR0 96 ) meM bhI aisA hI kahA gayA hai ---- yaH zastravRttiH samare ripuH syAd yaH kaNTako vA nimaMDalasya / astrANi tatraiva nRpAH kSipayanti na dInakAnIzubhAzayeSu // arthAt astra-zastra se susajjita hokara yuddha bhUmi meM jo zatru bana kara AyA ho, yA apane deza kA duzmana ho, usI para rAjAgaNa astra prahAra karate haiM, kamajora, nihatthe, kAyaroM tathA sadAzayI puruSoM para nahIM / aneka kSatriya jaina rAjAoM ne isIlie zatruoM se yuddha kiye / zaurya AtmA kA guNa hai, jaba vaha AtmA ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha ahiMsA kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha zarIra ke dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai taba vIratA kahalAtA hai / (jainadharma, pR0 182) / paigambara muhammada sAhaba ne kaI jaMgeM kI, lekina lar3ane meM pahala kabhI nahIM kI aura na hI yaha Adeza diyA ki zatru para pahale vAra karo, unhoMne kahA ki jabataka zatru tuma para
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 128 DaoN. niz2AmauddIna AkramaNa na kare tuma bhI usa para AkramaNa na kro| unhoMne makkA para vijaya pAI to apane zatruoM se koI badalA nahIM liyA, unheM abhayadAna diyaa| kSamA vIroM kA bhUSaNa hai--- 'kSamA zobhatI usa bhujaMga ko jisake pAsa garala hai dinkr)|" mahAvIra kI kSamA bhI yahI thii| ve ahiMsA kI mUrti aura kSamA kI pratimA donoM the| pazu-pakSiyoM para, bejabAna jAnavaroM para rahama karane kI bAta kurAna aura hadIsa meM bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai| paigambara sAhaba kA pharamAna hai - "bejabAna jAnavaroM ke mAmale meM allAha kA takavA karo, una para savArI karo jaba ve acchI dazA meM hoM aura unako bataura khurAka prayoga meM lAo jaba ve acchI dazA meM hoN|" abUdAUda kahate haiM, eka vyakti ko isalie bakhza diyA gayA ki usane eka pyAse kutte ke prANa bacAye, apane moje meM pAnI bhara kara use pilAyA aura isake viparIta eka namAjI strI ko isalie nahIM bakhzA gayA ki usane billI ko banda karake bhUkhA-pyAsA maaraa| (1) bure irAde se pazu ko, manuSya ko rassI se bA~dhanA, pAlatU pazu ko aise bA~dhanA ki Aga lagane para bhI prANarakSArtha bhAga na ske| (2) DaMDe yA kor3e se nirmamatA se maarnaa| (3) nirdayatA se hAtha-paira kaattnaa|| (4) krodhAveza meM pazu yA manuSya ko usakI sAmarthya se adhika bhAra DAlanA, adhika kAma lenA burA hai| unase ucita samaya para kAma lenA cahie aura ucita ArAma denA caahie| (5) unakA khAnA-pInA nahIM rokanA cAhie, aisA na ho ki unakI jAna nikala jaae| (6) dUsaroM ko pahale khilAnA caahie| (7) par3osI ke sAtha sadvyavahAra karanA caahie| (8) naukara ko bhI vahI khilAye, pahanAye jo mAlika svayaM khAtA-pItA hai / aisA karane __se samatA bhAva AyegA aura vaira-bhAva samApta hogaa| (hadIsa) eka bAra eka vyakti paigambara muhammada sAhaba ke sAmane upasthita huA aura kahA ki usane jaMgala meM pakSiyoM ke baccoM kA svara sunA to unheM pakar3a liyA, unakI mA~ pIche-pIche phaDaphar3AtI aaii| hujUra ne pharamAyA ki unheM gaTharI se nikAlo aura unakI mA~ ke pAsa phuNcaao| usa vyakti ne vaisA hI kiyaa| paigambara sAhaba kA Adeza hai ki majadUra ko pasInA sUkhane se pahale usakI majadUrI do| jaba unhoMne aisA kahA to isake pIche bhI ahiMsA kA bhAva chipA hai yAnI majadUra kA dila nahIM duHkhAnA cAhie jarA-sI dera ke lie bhii| unhoMne dAsaprathA ko isalie khatma karAyA ki dAsoM ke sAtha bahuta anyAya tathA atyAcAra hotA thA, amAnavIya vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thaa| unhoMne miskInoM, yatImoM ko unakA haka dene kA Adeza diyA, yaha saba ahiMsA kI zreNI meM aayegaa| kama tolanA, kisI kA haka mAranA, cIjoM meM milAvaTa karanA saba hiMsA ke kAma haiM, Arthika zoSaNa yahI hai|
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharma aura islAma meM ahiMsA : tulanAtmaka dRSTi 129 paigambara muhammada ne senA ko Adeza diyA ki jaMga meM bUr3he, baccoM aura striyoM kA katla na karanA, harebhare khetoM ko na ujaadd'naa| unhoMne vRkSAropaNa ko bhI sadakA aura khairAta kI zreNI meM rakhA / jAhira hai vRkSa jahA~ chAyA dete haiM, pakSiyoM ko Azraya dete haiM vahAM vAyu-pradUSaNa ko bhI rokate haiM ? unhoMne pazuoM ke dAgane ko bahuta burA kahA aura usa hiMsAtmaka rIti ko baMda karA diyA / AtmahatyA ko bhI islAma meM burA mAnA gayA hai / 'sUrenisA' (29) meM pharamAyA hai - apanI jAnoM ko katla mata karo allAha tuma para bar3A meharabAna hai|" eka hadIsa hai ki AtmahatyA karane vAlA naraka meM jaayegaa| islAma meM 'jimmo' kI rakSA karanA pharja mAnA hai aura yaha Adeza diyA hai ki jo jimmI' para hamalA kare tuma usase ldd'o| (marAtibula ijmA) IrSyA-dveSa na karane kA bhI Adeza hadIsa meM hai (bukhArI, abudAUda) ki Apasa meM jalana na rakho, na pITha modd'o| allAha ke baMde Apasa meM bhAI-bhAI haiN| kisI ko bhayabhIta na kro| mahAvIra ne bhI nirbhaya rakhane kA Adeza diyA thaa| "hadIsa tirmiz2I" meM ullekha hai ki apane zatru se dveSa kisI sImA taka rakho, ho sakatA hai vaha kisI dina tumhArA mitra bana jaae| "asabhava nahIM ki allAha usake dila meM prema-maitrI kA bhAva utpanna kara de, allAha bar3A 'gapharurrahIma' hai, kSamA karane vAlA hai|" islAma meM cugalI karanA bahuta burA mAnA gayA hai, itanA burA jaise kisI ne apane murdA bhAI kA mAMsa khAyA ho (hujurAta 121) isI sUrata meM eka jagaha pharamAyA hai ki 'bhAiyoM ke bIca sulaha-saphAI karA do, allAha se Daro tAki tuma para rahama kiyA jaae| (hujurAta 10) jainadharma meM madhu, mAMsa, madirA, machalI, aMDA sabhI kA niSedha hai| jIvahatyA pramAdAvasthA meM kI jAe to vaha hiMsA hai. bhAva hiMsA hai| jaina dharma meM hiMsA do prakAra: dravya hiMsA aura (2) bhAva hiMsA / khetIbAr3I meM yA calane-phirane meM sAvadhAnI baratane para jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai, vaha hiMsA nahIM, jAnabUjhakara kisI ko mAranA, satAnA, tana-mana-dhana se kaSTa pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai| yadi kisI ko mArane yA kaSTa pahu~cAne tathA hAni pahu~cAne kA bhAva mana meM utpanna ho gayA to vaha bhAva 'bhAvahiMsA' kI koTi meM aayegaa| hiMsA kA vicAra AnA bhI hiMsA hai| jainadharma meM hiMsA bhAvoM yA vicAroM para nirbhara hai aura gRhastha tathA sAdhu kI hiMsA meM antara hai| gRhastha pUrNarUpa se ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA, ahiMsA usake lie 'aNuvrata' hai, mahAvrata' nahIM, sAdhu ke lie vaha 'mahAvrata' hai / aisA antara islAma meM nahIM hai| vahA~ sabhI ke lie saMyama baratane kA - samAna rUpa se use vyavahRta karane kA Adeza hai| hiMsA cAra prakAra kI mAnI jA sakatI hai(1) saMkalpI-binA aparAdha ke, jAnabUjhakara kisI prANI kA vadha karanA saMkalpI hiMsA hai| (2) udyogI-khetIbAr3I, naukarI, senA meM jIvana-nirvAha ke lie jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai, use udyogI hisA kheNge| (3) ArambhI-sAvadhAnI baratane para bhojana Adi karane meM jo hiMsA hotI hai use ArambhI hiMsA mAnA jaayegaa| + +
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 130 DaoN. nijAmauddIna (4) virodhI-apane yA dUsare kI rakSA karane ke lie jo hiMsA hotI hai, use virodhI hiMsA kheNge| "pravacanasAra' meM kahA gayA hai ki sAvadhAnI baratane para paira ke nIce jIva mara jAtA hai to manuSya ko mArane kA pApa nahIM lgtaa| isa prakAra kA vibhAjana islAma dharma meM nahIM hai, phira bhI vahA~ dayA-rahama kA kSetra pazu-pakSI taka phailA huA hai| jainadharma meM zAkAhAra para atyadhika jora diyA jAtA hai isalie mAMsAhAra kA pUrNataH niSedha hai, isa sampradAya meM to rAtribhojana kA bhI niSedha hai / islAma meM mAMsAhAra evaM rAtribhojana kA niSedha nahIM hai| islAma kI dRSTi se allAha ke nAma para jo pazu-pakSI kA vadha kiyA jAtA hai, use hiMsA nahIM mAnA jAtA, na vaha nAjAija samajhA jAtA hai| nAjAija vaha hai jise binA allAha kA nAma lie mArA jAtA hai, khAyA jAtA hai / kuraAna meM harAma, halAla kA kaI jagaha varNana AyA hai ___ "jo pAka cIjeM hamane tumheM bakhzI hai unheM khAo aura allAha kA zukra adA kro"| (ala-bakara, 172) kuraAna ke sUraH 'ala-anAma' (146) aura 'sUraH mAidA' (3) meM bhI halAla aura harAma kA spaSTIkaraNa hai / sUraH mAidA meM kahA gayA hai "tuma para ye cIjeM harAma kI gaI haiM- muradAra, khUna, suara kA mAMsa va jAnavara jo khudA ke sivAya kisI aura ke nAma para jibha kiyA gayA ho, vaha jAnavara jo galA ghuTa kara yA coTa khAkara yA bulandI se gira kara yA Takkara khAkara marA ho yA jise kisI dariMde ne phAr3A ho, sivAya isake ki tumane use jiMdA pAkara svayaM jinha kiyA ho, aura jo kisI AstAne para jibha kiyA gayA ho|" (sUre mAIdA) vAstava meM khAdyapadArtha tathA vastra Adi kA prayoga prAkRtika aura bhaugolika pariveza para adhika nirbhara karatA hai| marusthala meM rahane vAloM aura sAgarataTa para rahane vAloM taSa parvatoM para rahane vAloM kI vezabhUSA evaM khAna-pAna meM bahuta aMtara hai| . jahA~ taka mAMsAhAra ke prayoga kI bAta hai, akabara ne kaI paryoM meM isakA niSedha kiyA thA vizeSakara hindU-poM para aura usane ina parvo para zikAra kA bhI niSedha kiyA thA / akabara ke bAda jahAMgIra ne bhI yaha rIti apanAI / / sUphI logoM ne zAkAhAra kA prayoga kiyA hai| kabIra ne spaSTa kahA thA-"unako bihizta kahAM se hoI, sAMjhe murgI maare"| ve mAsAMhAra ke, jIvahatyA ke virodhI the| isI prakAra kazmIra meM RSi paramparA ke pravartaka zekhanUruddIna valI nUrAnI (14vIM zatAbdI) zAkAhArI the aura unakI paramparA ke aneka maslima saMta zAkAhArI the| baTamAlo sAhaba ke ursa ke 3 dinoM meM unake anuyAyI mAMsa kA prayoga nahIM karate the| ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA meM yahA~ donoM dharmoM meM kAphI antara hai, lekina sahiSNutA, dayA, karuNA, maphasa para kAba pAnA, parahejagArI aura saMyama kI dariTa se bahata cha samAnatA hai, jise majaraaMdAja nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM kahA gayA hai ki "jo apane mata kI prazaMsA
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharma aura islAma meM ahiMsA : tulanAtmaka dRSTi aura dUsare kI niMdA karate haiM, satya ko bhramita karate haiM, ve saMsAra meM bhaTakate rheNge|" paigambara muhammada sAhaba ne bhI kahA hai ki tuma dUsaroM ke paigambaroM ko, unake dharmagranthoM ko burA mata kaho / ahiMsA Aja ke yuga meM bahuta Avazyaka hai| AtaMka aura hiMsA ke sAgara meM DUbate manuSya ko ahiMsA trANa de sakatI hai jaisA ki 'praznavyAkaraNa' meM kahA gayA hai-"samuddamajJa va potavahaNaM" / Aja manuSya manuSya se bhayabhIta rahatA hai, Aja kA pariveza AtaMka, bhaya, hiMsA, krodha, ghRNA se bharA hai aura usase nikalane kA ekamAtra upAya hai ahiMsA / ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko jIvana meM utAranA, ahiMsAmaya jIvana jiinaa| manuSya kA manuSya para bharosA nahIM, vaha usapara vizvAsa nahIM karatA, usase prema nahIM karatA, usase DaratA hai e AsamA~ tere khudA kA nahIM hai khaupha, Darate haiM e jamIM tere AdamI se hama /