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________________ jainadharma: sarvaprAcIna dharma-paramparA DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina [ jyoti nikuMja, cArabAga lakhanaU - 226001 ( u0 pra0 ) ] dharmatattva vastu svabhAva kA dyotaka hai / vastu vAstavika hai, anAdi nidhana aura zAzvata hai, ataeva usakA svabhAvarUpa dharma bhI anAdi-nidhana aura zAzvata hai| jaina paramparA meM 'dharmatattva' kI yahI prakRta vyAkhyA svIkRta hai / isI kA pallavana jaina tattvajJAna meM huA aura ukta svabhAva kI prApti ke sAdhanopAyoM ko hI vahA~ vyavahAra dharma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| ***C kintu sAmAnya mAnava jagat meM nAnA prakAra ke dhArmika vizvAsa rahate Aye haiM aura ve bhinna-bhinna ghaMToM se ba~dhe haiM, jisane anaginata dharma-paramparAoM ko janma diyaa| dravya-kSetra kAla-bhAva Adi paristhitijanya kAraNoM se unameM paraspara bhinnya, alagAva aura matabheda bhI hue aura nihita svArthI ke kAraNa saMgharSa evaM vaira-virodha hue, bhayaMkara yuddha evaM nara-saMhAra bhI hue| ye prakriyAe~ calatI AI haiM, Aja bhI kriyAzIla haiM aura zAyada satra calatI rheNgii| pariNAmasvarUpa 'dharma' ke nAma para jo vibhinna paramparAe~ darzana, mata, panya sampradAya Adi pracalita haiM, unakI pUrNatA, zreSThatA, prAcInatA, saMbhAvanAoM Adi kI dRSTi se tulanA bhI kI hI jAtI hai / isa prasaMga meM dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki kisI bhI dhArmika paramparA kI zreSThatA usakI prAcInatA yA arvAcInatA para nirbhara nahIM hotI / aneka navIna vastue~ bhI utkRSTa evaM upAdeya hotI haiM aura aneka prAcIna vastue~ bhI nikRSTa evaM nirarthaka siddha hotI haiM / tathApi yadi koI dharma ati prAcIna hone ke sAtha hI sAtha apane udayakAla se lekara vartamAna paryanta jIvita, sakriya evaM pragatizIla banA rahA hai, lokonnayana meM utpreraka, naitika utkarSa evaM sAMskRtika abhivRddhi meM sahAyaka rahA hai aura unakI sambhAvanAe~ evaM kSamatAe~ bhI abhI cUka nahIM gaI haiM, to unakI ApekSika prAcInatA usake svAyI mahattva tathA usameM antarnihita sArvakAlika evaM sArvabhaumika tattvoM kI hI sUcaka haiN| dUsare, kisI saMskRti ke vikAsa kA samucita jJAna tathA usakI denoM kA samyak mUlyAMkana karane ke lie bhI ukta saMskRti kI jananI yA AdhArabhUta dharma-paramparA kI prAcInatA ko khojanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jaina paramparA kI prAcInatA meM zaMkA uThAne kI aura use siddha karane kI Ava zyakatA hI kyoM huI ? jainoM kI paramparA anuzruti to, jabase bhI vaha milanI prArambha hotI hai, sahaja nirvivAda rUpa meM use sarvaprAcIna mAnatI hI calI AtI hai / isake atirikta, anya prAcIna bhAratIya paramparAoM meM bauddha hI nahIM, hI jainadharma kI svatantra sattA svIkAra karatI calI manISiyoM meM se kisI ne bhI koI zaMkA nahIM uThAI / siddha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA huI ? svayaM brAhmaNIya (hindU) anubuti bhI atyanta prAcIna kAla se AtI hai / isa viSaya meM bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna AcAryoM evaM taba phira eka svataHsiddha evaM sarvasammata mAnyatA ko nae sire se isakA kAraNa hai / Adhunika yuga ke prArambha meM yUropIya prAcya vidoM ne Arambha kiyA to unhoMne bhAratavarSa ke dharma yA dharmoM, saMskRti, sAhitya aura kalA ke jaba bhAratIya vidyA kA adhyayana itihAsa kA nae sire se nirmANa .
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________________ 128 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa .........-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-........................................ karanA Arambha kiyaa| sRSTikartA-IzvaravAdI semeTika (IsAI) vizvAsa unake saMskAroM meM base the, aura Adhunika yugIna vaijJAnikatA evaM vikAsavAda se unakI buddhi pUrI taraha prabhAvita thii| pariNAmasvarUpa ve isa dhAraNA ko lekara cale ki pratyeka paramparA kA koI janaka, janmasthAna aura janmakAla hai aura tabhI se usakA itihAsa Arambha hotA hai| kintu ve isa tathya se aparicita rahe pratIta hote haiM ki vizva vyavasthA meM sabhI cIjeM sAdi-sAnta nahIM hotI, varan aneka aisI haiM jo anAdi-nidhana hotI haiN| ataeva unakI dhAraNA thI ki pratyeka dharma vyaktivizeSa dvArA, kSetravizeSa aura kAlavizeSa meM sthApita huA honA cAhie aura unakI isa dhAraNA kA samarthana bauddha, pArasI, yahUdI, IsAI, musalamAna Adi dharmoM ke itihAsa se hotA hI thA, kintu ve saba aitihAsika dharma haiM, ata: unake janaka, janma-sthAna aura janma-tithi honA svAbhAvika haiM / inake viparIta, kucha dharma yA saMskRtiyA~ aitihAsika nahIM varan paramparAmUlaka hotI haiM aura unake saMsthApaka yA sthApanAkAla kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sudUra atIta meM jahA~ taka jJAta itihAsa kI pahu~ca hotI hai, unakA astitva pAyA jAtA hai| unake patha meM vikAsa aura avarodha, utthAna aura patana bhI Ate rahate haiM, tathApi be banI rahatI haiM, kyoMki unakA mUlAdhAra mAnava-svabhAva hotA hai| astu, pravRttipradhAna vaidika paramparA se prasUta brAhmaNa dharma athavA zaiva-vaiSNavAdi rUpa tathAkathita hindUdharma jisa prakAra paramparAmUlaka aura sanAtana hai, usI prakAra nirgrantha zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA poSita-saMrakSita nivRttipradhAna Atmadharma arthAt jainadharma bhI paramparAmUlaka evaM sanAtana hai / vastuta: apanI sahaja saMjJAoM evaM eSaNAoM se prerita saMsArI prANI pravRtti meM to svataH lIna rahatA hai, kintu jaba vaha pravRtti amaryAdita, ucchRkhala, parapIr3aka aura azAntikara ho jAtI hai to use sImita, maryAdita evaM saMyamita karane ke lie nivRtti mArga kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai, aura yahIM se pAramArthika dharma kA prArambha hotA hai| ataeva jaba se mAnava yA mAnavIya sabhyatA kA astitva hai tabhI se daihika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti evaM indriya-viSayoM ke poSaNa ke hita karmapradhAna pravRtti mArga bhI hai aura usake pariSkAra-parimArjana ke lie AtmasvabhAva-rUpa-dharmapradhAna nivRtti mArga bhI hai-jaina dharma usI nivRttimUlaka ahiMsAdhArita sadAcAra-pradhAna Atmadharma kA sadaiva se pratinidhitva karatA AyA hai| una Adhunika yugIna prArambhika pAzcAtya prAcyavidoM kI pakar3a meM yaha tathya nahIM AyA, aura jaba unakA dhyAna jaina paramparA kI ora AkarSita huA to unhoMne use bhI eka aitihAsika dharma mAnakara usake itihAsa kI khoja prArambha kara dii| ve yahUdI aura IsAI dharmoM se to pUrNa paricita the hI, musalamAna, bauddha aura hindU dharma se bhI pahale hI bhalIbhAMti paricita ho cuke the| ataeva hindU, vizeSakara bauddha ke pariprekSya meM hI unhoMne jaina-dharma ko dekhaa| unakI paddhati vartamAna ko sthira bindu mAnakara pratyeka vastu ke itihAsa ko pIche kI ora usake udgama sthAna yA udayakAla taka khojate cale jAne kI thii| jo tathya pramANasiddha hote jAte aura atIta meM jitanI dUra taka le jAte pratIta hote vahIM ve vidvAn usakA janma nizcita kara dete| nae pramANa prApta hone para yadi ukta avadhi aura adhika pIche haTAI jA sakatI to vaisA karate cale jAte / svayaM bhAratIya jana kisI bhI bAta ko kitanA hI nizcita, asandigdha aura svayaMsiddha mAnate hoM, ye vidvAn binA parIkSA aura prayoga ke use svIkAra karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hote the| ata: aise sarvavidita tathya yathA zaka, vikrama Adi saMvatoM kA pravartanakAla, mahAvIra aura buddha kI nirvANa tithiyA~, rAmAyaNa yA mahAbhArata meM vaNita vyaktiyoM evaM ghaTanAoM kI aitihAsikatA ityAdi bhI vivAda ke viSaya bne| aneka purAtana AcAryoM, granthoM, smArakoM, purAtAttvika vastuoM Adi ke viSaya meM mata-vaibhinnya hue| Aja bhI haiM aura aneka prAcIna narezoM evaM anya aitihAsika tathyoM ke viSaya meM vivAda calate hI rahate haiM ki unakA sambandha hindU-dharma se, jainadharma se athavA bauddhadharma se hai| astu, jainadharma kA svatantra astitva evaM usakI ApekSika prAcInatA aura itihAsa bhI vivAda ke viSaya bne| 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika prAcyavidoM dvArA puraskRta uparyukta khoja paddhati hI Aja ke yuga kI vaijJAnika paddhati mAnya kI jAtI hai / usI kA anusaraNa svadezIya bhAratIya-vidyAvid eva itihAsakAra bhI karate cale A rahe haiM / bahuta aMzoM meM vaha hai bhI eka yuktisaMgata, prAmANika, zreSTha paddhati / isa parIkSA-pradhAna bauddhika yuga meM pratyeka tathya ko parIkSA dvArA pramANita karake hI mAnya kiyA jAtA hai / jainadharma svayaM eka parIkSA-pradhAna dharma hone kA garva karatA hai, aura isa parIkSA paddhati ke dvArA
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________________ jainadharma sarvaprAcIna dharma-paramparA 126 .............-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-......... .............................. hI gata Der3ha sau varSoM meM vaha zanaiH zanaiH sAtavIM zatI IsvI meM bauddhadharma kI zAkhA ke rUpa meM utpanna eka choTe se gauNa sampradAya kI sthiti se uThakara kama se kama vaidika dharma jitanI prAcIna evaM eka susamRddha saMskRti se samanvita svatantra tathA mahattvapUrNa bhAratIya dhArmika paramparA kI sthiti ko prApta ho gayA hai| DaoN. harmana jekobI prabhRti prakANDa prAcyavidoM dvArA bauddha evaM jaina anuzrutiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana, parIkSaNa evaM anveSaNa dvArA yaha tathya sarvathA pramANita ho gayA hai ki jaina paramparA ke 24veM evaM antima tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra (IsApUrva 566-527) bauddhadharma pravartaka zAlvaputra gautamabuddha ke jyeSTha samakAlIna the aura vaha prAcIna jainadharma ke mAtra punaruddhAraka the, prarvataka nahIM--jainadharma unake janma ke bahuta pahale se pracalita thA aura bauddha dharma kI saMracanA meM bhI usakA prabhAva rahA / bauddha-sAhitya meM jainadharma kI svatantra sattA evaM ApekSika prAcInatA ke aneka sAkSya upalabdha haiM, kaI pUrvavartI tIrthakaroM ke bhI iMgita haiN| mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI 23veM tIrthaka ra pArzvanAtha (I0 pU0 877-777) kI aitihAsikatA bhI sabhI Adhunika prAcya vidoM ne mAnya kara lI hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke aneka sAdhu mahAvIra ke samaya taka vidyamAna the| ___ aba mahAbhArata meM varNita vyaktiyoM evaM ghaTanAoM kI aitihAsikatA bhI sthUla rUpa se mAnya kI jAne lagI hai-usake pradhAna nAyaka nArAyaNa kRSNa kI aitihAsikatA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jaataa| ataeva aneka vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yadi kRSNa ko aitihAsika vyakti svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to koI kAraNa nahIM ki unhIM kRSNa ke tAujAta bhAI, 22veM jaina tIrthaMkara neminAtha (ariSTanemi) kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra na kiyA jaay| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke prAya: samakAlIna madhya eziyA ke khildiyana samrATa nebuceDanajara ke dAnazAsana prabhRti katipaya purAtAttvika sAkSya bhI tIrthakara neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA kI puSTi karate haiN| 21veM tIrthakara naminAtha kA janma videhadeza kI mithilA nagarI meM huA thA aura unakA ekatva brAhmaNIya anuzruti ke videha janakoM ke pUrvaja videharAja nami se kiyA jAtA hai| kAlAntara meM brahmavAdI janako dvArA prerita upaniSadoM kI AtmavidyA ke mUla puraskartA yaha tIrthaMkara nami hI mAne jAte haiN| ayodhyApati maryAdA puruSottama rAma kA sthAna jaina paramparA meM ati sammAnIya hai, aura usa yuga ke vyaktiyoM evaM ghaTanAoM kA jo varNana jaina rAmAyaNoM meM prApta hotA hai vaha brAhmaNIya purANoM kI apekSA adhika yuktisaMgata evaM vizvasanIya hai| usa samaya 20veM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha kA dharmatIrtha cala rahA thaa| brAhmaNIya purANoM meM jainadharma aura jainoM ke aneka ullekha prApta haiM jo jaina paramparA kI ApekSika prAcInatA siddha karate haiM / bhAgavata Adi prAyaH sabhI mukhya purANoM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko viSNu kA aSTama avatAra mAnya kiyA hai aura unakA sambandha jainadharma se sUcita kiyA hai| RSabhadeva jaina paramparA ke prathama tIrthakara haiN| __ brAhmaNa paramparA ke sarvaprAcIna grantha svayaM veda meM-Rgveda, yajurveda Adi meM RSabhAdi kaI tIrthaMkaroM tathA nirgrantha jaina muniyoM, yatiyoM, tapasviyoM ke aneka ullekha haiN| yaha tathya jaina paramparA ko prAgvaidika siddha kara detA hai| sindhughATI kI prAgvaidika evaM prAgArya sabhyatA ke har3appA meM prApta avazeSoM meM digambara kAyotsarga jinamUrti kA dhar3a milA hai, aura usakI bhI pUrvavartI mohanajodar3oM ke avazeSoM meM prApta mudrAoM Adi se usa kAla evaM usa pradeza meM vRSabhalAMchana kAyotsarga digambara yogirAja RSabha kI upAsanA ke sAkSya mile haiN| isa prakAra sudUra prAgvaidika, prAgArya, prAgaitihAsika yuga taka jaina paramparA kA astitva pahu~ca jAtA hai, aura ye saMketa isa dhArmika paramparA ko sabhya' mAnava kI sarvaprAcIna jIvita paramparA siddha kara dete haiN|