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________________ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - 00 jainadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke Arthika tattva --DA. narendra bhAnAvata, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 [hindI-vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura jIvana ke cAra puruSArtha mAne gaye haiM-dharma, artha, kAma aura mokss| dharma ke sAtha artha rakhane kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki artha kA upayoga dharma dvArA niyantrita ho aura dharma artha dvArA pravRtyAtmaka bne| isa dRSTi se dharma-artha kA yaha sambandha santulita arthavyavasthA aura sAmAjika samAnatA sthApita karane meM sahAyaka banatA hai| dharma antara kI suSupta zaktiyoM ko jAgRta karane ke sAtha-sAtha zarIra-rakSaNa ke lie Avazyaka vyavasthA bhI detA hai| isI dharAtala para dharma Arthika tattvoM se jur3atA hai| jaina dharma kevala nivRttivAdI darzana nahIM hai| isameM pravRttimUlaka dharma ke aneka tattva vidyamAna haiN| vastutaH nivRtti aura pravRtti ke ucita samanvaya se hI dharma kA lokopakArI rUpa prakaTa hotA hai| kahanA to yaha cAhie ki dharma kA pravRtti rUpa hI usakI AntarikatA ko, usakI amUrtatA ko ujAgara karatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, ahiMsA dharma kI AntarikatA kisI ko nahIM mArane taka hI sImita nahIM hai| vaha dUsaroM ko apane tulya samajhane, unase prema karane jaise vizvAtmabhAva meM pratiphalita hotI hai| isa dRSTi se jainadharma meM jahA~ eka aura saMsAratyAgI, aparigrahI, paMca mahAvrata dhArI sAdhu (zramaNa) haiM vahIM dUsarI ora saMsAra meM rahate hue maryAdita pravRttiyAM karane vAle aNuvratadhArI zrAvaka (sadgRhastha) bhI haiN| jainadharmAbalambI mAtra sAdhu hI nahIM haiM, bar3e-bar3e rAjA-mahArAjA, dIvAna aura koSAdhyakSa, senApati aura kiledAra tathA seTha-sAhUkAra bhI isake mukhya upAsaka rahe haiN| yahI nahIM, vaibhavasampannatA, dAnazIlatA, dhanADhyatA aura vyAvasAyika kuzalatA meM jainadharmAvalambI sadA agraNI rahe haiN| ImAnadArI, vizvastatA aura prAmANikatA ke kSetra meM bhI ye pratiSThita rahe haiN| isa pRSThabhUmi meM yaha nizvita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainadharma ke AcAra-vicAroM ne unakI vyAvasAyikatA, prabandhakuzalatA aura Arthika gatividhiyoM ko prerita-prabhAvita kiyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM mahAtmA gA~dhI ne rAjanIti aura arthanIti ke dharAtala para ahiMsAtmaka saMvedanA se prerita hokara jo prayoga kiye, unameM jainadarzana ke prabhAvoM ko sugamatA se rekhAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai / Arthika kSetra meM TrasTIzipa kA siddhAnta, AvazyakatAoM se adhika vastuoM kA saMcaya na karanA, zarIra zrama, go-pAlana, svAdavijaya, upavAsa Adi para bala isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| jainadarzana kA mUla lakSya vItarAgabhAva arthAta rAga-dveSa se rahita samabhAva kI sthiti, prApta karanA hai| jaba taka hRdaya meM yA samAja meM viSama bhAva bane rahate haiM, taba taka yaha sthiti nahIM prApta kI jA sktii| isa viSamata' ke kaI stara haiM, jaise sAmAjika viSamatA, vaicArika matabheda Adi, para inameM pramukha hai-Arthika vissmtaa| Arthika vaiSamya kI jar3a svArtha hai, aura svArtha ke kAraNa hI mana meM kaSAyabhAva jAgRta hote haiM aura pravRttiyA~ pAponmukha banatI haiN| lobha aura moha pApoM ke mUla kahe gaye haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ise parigraha kahA hai| yaha artha-moha yA parigraha kaise TUTe, isI ke lie jainadharma meM zrAvaka ke lie mukhyata: bAraha vratoM kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai / samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki na mana meM viSamabhAva raheM aura na samAja meM asamAnatA rhe| isake lie dhArmika aura Arthika donoM staroM para prayatna apekSita haiN| jainadarzana meM dhArmika preraNA se jo arthatantra ubharA hai, vaha isa dizA meM hamArA mArga darzana kara sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se mukhya agralikhita tattvoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai
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________________ 6 zrI puSkaramuni abhimandama pantha : saptama khaNDa apane puruSA prApta karane ke aura svayaMsahAyaka nhiiN| (1) zrama kI prtisstthaa| (2) AvazyakatAoM kA svaicchika parisImana / (3) sAdhana-zuddhi para bala / (4) arjana kA visarjana / (1) zrama kI pratiSThA-jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra sabhyatA kI prArambhika avasthA meM jaba prAkRtika kalpavRkSAdi sAdhanoM se AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti honA sambhava na rahA, taba bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne asi, masi, aura kRSi rUpa jIvikopArjana kI kalA vikasita kI aura samAja ko prakRti-nirbharatA se zramajanya AtmanirbharatA kI ora unmukha kiyaa| jainadarzana meM AtmA ke puruSArtha aura zrama kI vizeSa pratiSThA hai| vyakti apane puruSArtha ke bala para hI AtmasAdhanA kara paramAtma-dazA prApta kara sakatA hai| isa dazA ko prApta karane ke lie kisI anya kA puruSArtha usake lie mArgadarzaka aura preraka to bana sakatA hai, para sahAyaka nhiiN| isI dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane sAdhanAkAla meM indra kI sahAyatA nahIM svIkAra kI aura svayaM ke puruSArtha-parAkrama ke bala para hI upasargoM kA samabhAvapUrvaka sAmanA kiyaa| 'upAsaka dazAMga' sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura kumbhakAra saddAlaputta kA jo prasaMga varNita hai, usase spaSTa hotA hai ki gozAlaka kA AjIvaka mata niyativAda kA vizvAsI hai jabaki mahAvIra kA mata Atma-puruSArtha aura Atma-parAkrama ko hI apanI unnati kA kendra mAnatA hai| jaina sAdhu ko 'zramaNa' aura jaina zrAvaka ko 'zramaNopAsaka' kahA jAnA bhI isa dRSTi se arthavAna banatA hai (tapa ke bAraha bhedoM meM, bhikSAcarI' aura kAyakleza) tathA dainandina pratilekhana aura parimArjana kA krama bhI prakArAntara se sAdhanA ke kSetra meM zArIrika zrama kI mahattA pratiSThApita karate haiM / - sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pratiSThita zrama kI yaha bhAvanA sAmAjika stara para bhI samAdRta huii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne janma ke AdhAra para mAnya varNa vyavasthA ko cunautI dI aura use karma arthAt zrama ke AdhAra para pratiSThApita kiyaa| unakA spaSTa udghoSa thA--'karma se hI vyakti brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra banatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM unhoMne 'janmanA' jAti ke sthAna para 'karmaNA samUha' ko mAnyatA dI aura isa prakAra sAmAjika pratiSThA kA AdhAra karma zakti ko banAyA / isI bindu se zrama arthavyavasthA se jur3A aura kRSi, gopAlana, vANijya Adi kI pratiSThA bddh'ii| (2) AvazyakatAoM kA svaicchika parisImana-jIvana meM zrama kI pratiSThA hone para jIvana-nirvAha kI Avazyaka vastuoM ko sabhI paidA karane lage aura AvazyakatAnusAra unameM vinimaya hone lgaa| dhIre-dhIre vinimaya ke lAbha ne anAvazyaka utpAdana kSamatA bar3hAI aura taba artha-lobha ne mudrA ko mAnyatA dI / mudrA ke pracalana ne samAja meM U~canIca ke kaI stara kAyama kara diye| samAja meM zrama kI apekSA pUMjI kI pratiSThA bar3hI aura nAnA prakAra se zoSaNa hone lgaa| audyogIkaraNa, yantravAda aura yAtAyAta tathA saMcAra ke drutagAmI sAdhanoM ke vikAsa se utpAdana aura vitaraNa meM asantulana paidA ho gyaa| eka varga aisA banA jisake pAsa AvazyakatA se adhika pUMjI aura vastu-sAmagrI jamA ho gayI aura dUsarA varga aisA banA jo jIvana-nirvAha kI Avazyaka vastuoM se bhI vaMcita rhaa| pahalA varga dUsare varga ke zrama kA zoSaNa kara utpAdana meM sakriya bhAgIdAra na banane para bhI, adhikAdhika pUMjI saMcita karane lgaa| phalasvarUpa varga saMgharSa bar3hA / yaha saMgharSa pradeza vizeSa taka sImita na rahakara, antarrASTrIya samasyA bana gyaa| isa samasyA ko hala karane ke lie Adhunika yuga meM samAjavAda, sAmyavAda jaisI kaI vicAradhArAe~ sAmane aaii| sabakI apanI-apanI sImAe~ haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva isa samasyA para cintana kiyA aura kucha sUtra diye jo Aja bhI hamAre lie samAdhAnakAraka haiN| (1) unakA pahalA sUtra yaha hai ki AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM kA saMcaya na kro| manuSya kI icchAe~ AkAza kI taraha ananta haiM aura jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA hai, lobha kI pravRtti bar3hatI jAtI hai / yadi cA~dI-sone ke kailAza parvata bhI vyakti ko prApta ho jAe~, taba bhI usakI icchA pUrI nahIM ho sakatI, ataH icchA kA niyamana Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se zrAvakoM ke lie parigraha-parimANa yA icchA-parimANa vrata kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| isake anusAra sAMsArika padArthoM se sambandha rakhane vAlI icchA ko sImita kiyA jAtA hai aura yaha nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki maiM itane padArthoM se adhika kI icchA nahIM kruuNgaa| zAstrakAroM ne aise padArthoM ko nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai (1) kSetra (kheta Adi bhUmi) (2) vAstu (nivAsa yogya sthAna) (3) hiraNya (cA~dI) (4) suvarNa (sonA) (5) dhana (sone-cAMdI ke Dhale hue sikke athavA ghI, gur3a, zakkara Adi mUlyavAna padArtha) (6) dhAnya (gehU~, cAvala, tila Adi) (7) dvipada (jisake do pA~va hoM, jaise manuSya aura pakSI) (8) catuSpada (jisake cAra pA~va hoM, jaise hAthI, ghor3e, gAya, baila, bhaisa, bakarI Adi) aura (9) kupya (vastra, pAtra, auSadha, aadi)| 00
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________________ janadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke Arthika tasva isa prakAra kI maryAdA se vyakti anAvazyaka saMgraha aura zoSaNa kI pravRtti se bacatA hai / (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dUsarA sUtra yaha hai ki vibhinna dizAoM meM Ane-jAne ke sambandha meM maryAdA kara yaha nizcaya kiyA jAye ki maiM amuka sthAna se amuka dizA meM athavA saba dizAoM meM itanI dUra se adhika nahIM jAU~gA / isa maryAdA yA nizcaya ko dikparimANavrata kahA jAtA hai| isa maryAdA se vRttiyoM kA saMkoca hotA hai, mana kI caMcalatA miTatI hai aura anAvazyaka lAbha yA saMgraha ke avasaroM para svaicchika roka lagatI hai| prakArAntara se dUsaroM ke adhikAra kSetra meM upaniveza basA kara lAbha kamAne kI athavA zoSaNa karane kI vRtti se bacAva hotA hai / Adhunika yuga meM prAdezika sImA, antarrASTrIya sImA, nAkebandI Adi kI vyavasthA isI vrata ke phalitArtha haiN| kSetra sImA kA atikramaNa karanA Aja bhI antarrASTrIya kAnUna kI dRSTi meM aparAdha mAnA jAtA hai / taskara vRtti isakA udAharaNa hai| (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tIsarA sUtra yaha diyA ki maryAdita kSetra meM rahe hue padArthoM ke upabhoga - paribhoga kI maryAdA bhI nizcita kI jaae| dikpariNAmavrata ke dvArA maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara kA kSetra evaM vahA~ ke padArthAdi se to nivRtti ho jAtI hai para yadi maryAdita kSetra ke padArthoM ke upabhoga kI maryAdA nizcita nahIM kI jAtI to usase bhI Avazyaka saMgraha kA avasara banA rahatA hai / ataH upabhoga-paribhogaparimANavrata kI vizeSa vyavasthA kI gayI hai| jo eka bAra bhogA jA cukane ke pazcAt phira na bhogA jA sake, usa padArtha ko bhoganA, kAma meM lenA, upabhoga hai, jaise bhojana, pAnI Adi; aura jo vastu bAra-bAra bhogI jA sake, use bhoganA paribhoga hai; jaise vastra, bistara Adi / upabhoga vastuoM meM ye vastue~ AtI hai jinakA honA zarIra-rakSA ke lie Avazyaka hai| paribhogavasmoM meM una padArthoM kI gaNanA hai jo zarIra ko sundara aura alaMkRta banAte haiM athavA jo zarIra ke lie AnandadAyI mAne jAte haiN| zAstrakAroM ne upabhogya paribhogya vastuoM ko 27 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isa prakAra kI maryAdA kA uddezya yahI hai ki vyakti kA jIvana sAdagIpUrNa ho aura vaha svayaM jIvita rahane ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI jIvita rahane kA avasara aura sAdhana pradAna kara sake / sabane (4) bhagavAna mahAvIra ne cauthA sUtra yaha diyA hai ki vyakti pratidina apane upabhoga- paribhoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita kare aura apane ko itanA saMyamazIla banAye ki vaha dUsaroM ke lie kisI bhI prakAra bAdhaka diparimAna aura upabhoga pariyogaparimANavrata jIvana bhara ke lie svIkAra kiye jAte haiN| ataH inameM AvAgamana kA jo kSetra nizcita kiyA jAtA hai tathA upabhoga paribhoga ke lie jo padArtha maryAdita kiye jAte haiM, una sabakA upayoga vaha pratidina nahIM karatA hai| isIlie eka dina rAta ke lie usa maryAdA ko bhI ghaTA denA, AvAgamana ke kSetra aura bhogyopabhogya padArthoM kI maryAdA kama kara denA, dezAvakAzikavrata hai| arthAt ukta vratoM meM jo avakAza rakhA hai, usako bhI pratidina saMkSipta karate jAnA / zrAvaka ke lie pratidina caudaha niyama cintana karane kI jo prathA hai vaha isa dezAvakAzika vrata kA hI rUpa hai / zAstroM meM ve niyama isaprakAra kahe gaye haiM sacitta va viggaI, pannI tAmbUla vattha kusumeSu / vAhaNa sayaNa vilevaNa, bambha disi nAhaNa bharoSu // arthAt - 1. sacitta vastu, 2. dravya 3. vigaya, 4. jUte- khar3AU~, 5. pAna, 6. vastra, 7. puSpa, 8. vAhana, 6. zayana, 10. vilepana, 11. brahmacarya, 12. dizA, 13. snAna aura 14. bhojana / ina niyamoM se vrata viSayaka jo maryAdA rakhI jAtI hai, usakA saMkoca hotA hai aura AvazyakatAyeM uttarottara sImita hotI haiN| uparyukta cAroM sUtroM meM jina maryAdAoM kI bAta kahI gayI hai vaha vyakti kI apanI icchA aura zakti para nirbhara hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yaha nahIM kahA ki AvazyakatAyeM itanI itanI sImita hoN| unakA saMketa itanA bhara haiM ki vyakti svecchApUrvaka apanI zakti aura sAmarthya ke anusAra AvazyakatAyeM sImita kare, icchAyeM niyaMtrita kare kyoMki yahI parama zAnti aura Ananda kA rAstA hai| Aja kI jo rAjanaitika cintanadhArA hai usameM bhI svAmitva aura AvazyakatAoM ko niyaMtrita karane kI bAta hai| yaha niyamana, niyaMtraNa aura sImAMkana vividha kara paddhatiyoM ke mAdhyama se kAnUna ke tahata kiyA jA rahA hai / yathA-- Ayakara, sampattikara, bhUmi aura bhavana kara mRtyukara aura nAgarika bhUmi sImAMkana evaM viniyamana adhiniyama ( arabana laiNDa sIliMga eNDa regyulezana ekTa ) Adi / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM, jabaki janasaMkhyA itanI nahIM thI, jIvana kI jaTilatAyeM bhI kama thIM, taba yaha vyavasthA dI thii| usake bAda to janasaMkhyA meM visphoTaka vRddhi huI hai, jIvana paddhati jaTila banI hai, Arthika davAba *******
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________________ zrI puSkAramuni abhinandana grantha : saptama vaNDa ******** bar3hA hai, Arthika asamAnatA kI khAI vistRta huI hai, phira bhI lagatA hai ki mahAvIra dvArA diyA gayA samAdhAna Aja bhI adhika vyAvahArika aura upayogI hai kyoMki kAnUna ke davAba se vyakti bacane kA prayatna karatA hai, para svecchA se usameM jo AtmAnuzAsana AtA hai, vaha adhika prabhAvI banatA hai / AvazyakatAoM ko sImita para vizeSa bala diyA hai| (3) sAdhana-zuddhi para bala- - bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karane ke sAtha-sAtha jo AvazyakatAe~ zeSa rahatI haiM, unakI pUrti ke lie bhI sAdhana zuddhi mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI sAdhya kI pavitratA ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhana kI pavitratA ko bhI mahatva dete the / ahiMsA, satya, asteya Adi vrata, sAdhana kI pavitratA ke hI preraka aura rakSaka haiM / ina vratoM ke pAlana aura inake aticAroM se bacane kA jo vidhAna hai, vaha bhAva zuddhi kA sUcaka hai / apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie vyakti ko sthUlahiMsA se bacanA caahie| use aise niyama nahIM banAne cAhie jo anyAyayukta hoM, na aisI sAmAjika rUr3hiyoM ke bandhana svIkAra karane cAhie jinase garIboM kA ahita ho / abhAra (atibhAra), aticAra isa bAta para bala detA hai ki apane adhInastha karmacAriyoM se nizcita samaya se adhika kAma na liyA jAya, na pazuoM, majadUroM Adi para adhika bojha lAdA jAe aura na bAla-vivAha, anamela vivAha aura rUr3hiyoM ko apanAkara jIvana ko bhArabhUta banAyA jaae| bhatta-pANa-viccheda aticAra se yaha tathya gRhIta hotA hai ki vyakti apanA vyApAra isa prakAra kare ki usase kisI kA bhojana va pAnI na chInA jaae| jhUThe satyavrata meM satya ke rakSaNa aura asatya se bacAva para bala diyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki vyakti apane svArtha ke lie kamAlIe arthAt kanyA ke viSaya meM gavAlIe arthAt go ke viSaya meM bhomAlIe arthAt bhUmi ke viSaya meM mAlAbahAre arthAt dharohara ke viSaya meM jhUTha na bole kUDasakkhije arthAt jhUThI sAkSI na deN| isI prakAra satyavrata ke aticAroM se bacane ke liye kahA gayA hai ki binA vicAre ekadama kisI para doSAropaNa na kareM, dUsaroM ko jhUThA upadeza na deM, lekha, jhUThe dastAveja na likheM, na jhUThe samAcAra yA vijJApana Adi prakAzita karAyeM aura na jhUThe hisAba Adi rakheM / asteya vrata kI paripAlanA kA, sAdhana zuddhatA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva hai| mana, vacana aura kAya dvArA dUsaroM ke hakoM ko svayaM haraNa karanA aura dUsaroM se haraNa karavAnA corI hai| Aja corI ke sAdhana sthUla se sUkSma banate jA rahe haiN| seMdha lagAne, DAkA DAlane, Thagane, jeba kATane vAle hI cora nahIM haiM balki khAdya vastuoM meM milAvaTa karane vAle, eka vastu batAkara dUsarI lene-dene vAle, kama tolane aura kama nApane vAle, coroM dvArA haraNa kI huI vastu kharIdane vAle, coroM ko corI kI preraNA karane vAle, jhUThA jamA-kharca karane vAle, jamAkhorI karake bAjAroM meM ekadama se vastu kA bhAva caTA yA bar3hA dene vAle jhUThe vijJApana karane vAle, avaidha rUpa se adhika sUda para rupayA dene vAle bhI cora haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne asteya vrata ke aticAroM meM ina sabakA samAveza kiyA hai / ina sUkSma tarIkoM kI cauryavRtti ke kAraNa hI Aja mudrA-sphIti kA itanA prasAra hai aura vizva kI arthavyavasthA caramarA rahI hai| eka ora kAlA dhana bar3hatA jA rahA hai| to dUsarI ora garIba adhika garIba banatA jA rahA hai| arthavyavasthA ke saMtulana ke liye AjIvikA ke jitane bhI sAdhana haiM, pUMjI ke jitane bhI srota haiM unakA zuddha aura pavitra honA Avazyaka hai / " isI saMdarbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aise kAryoM dvArA AjIvikA ke upArjana kA niSedha kiyA hai jinase pApa kA bhAra bar3hatA hai aura samAja ke lie jo ahitakara hoN| aise kAryoM kI saMkhyA zAstroM meM pandraha ginAI gayI hai aura inheM 'karmAdAna' kahA gayA hai| isameM se kucha pharmAdAna to aise haiM jo loka meM nindya mAne jAte haiM aura jinake karane se sAmAjika pratiSThA naSTa hotI hai / udAharaNa ke lie, jaMgala ko jalAnA ( iMgAlakamme ), zarAba Adi mAdaka padArthoM kA vyApAra karanA ( rasavANijye), aphIma, saMdhiyA Adi jIvana nAzaka padArthoM ko becanA (visavANijne), sundara ke bAlI striyoM kA kraya-vikraya karanA (kesavANijje), vanadahana karanA (vavaggidAvaNiyAkamme ), asajjanoM arthAt asAmAjika tattvoM kA poSaNa karanA (asaIjaNaposaNiyAkamme ) Adi kAryoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai / sAdhana-zuddhi meM viveka, sAvadhAnI aura jAgarUkatA kA bar3A mahatva hai| gRhastha ko apanI AjIvikA ke liye Arambhaja hiMsA Adi karanI par3atI hai / yaha eka prakAra kA arthadaNDa hai jo prayojana vizeSa se hotA hai para binA kisI prayojana ke niSkAraNa hI kevala hAsya, kautUhala, aviveka yA prasAdavaza jIvoM ko kaSTa denA, satAnA anarthadaNDa hai / isa pravRtti se vyakti ko bacanA cAhie aura vivekapUrvaka apanA kArya-vyApAra sampAdita karanA cAhie / jainadarzana meM sAdhana zuddhi para vizeSa bala isaliye bhI diyA gayA hai ki usase vyakti kA caritra prabhAvita hotA hai / 'jaisA khAve anna vaisA hove mana' sUkti isa prasaMga meM vizeSa artha rakhatI hai| bure sAdhanoM se ekatra kiyA huA dhana antataH vyakti ko durvyasanoM kI ora DhakelatA hai aura usake patana kA kAraNa banatA hai| zAstrakAroM ne isaliye khAdya zuddhi aura khAdya saMyama para vizeSa bala diyA hai / tapa ke bAraha prakAroM meM prathama cAra tapa anazana, UnodarI, mikSAcaryA
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________________ jainadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke Arthika tattva aura rasa-parityAga prakArAntara se bhojana se hI sambandhita hai| sAdhu kI bhikSAcaryA ke sambandha meM jo niyama banAye gaye haiM ve bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM gRhastha kI sAdhana-zuddhi aura pavitra bhAvanA para hI bala dete haiM / A se sampanna nahIM hote| isake viparIta aise udAharaNa paryApta haiM jo unakI vaibhavasampannatA aura zrImantatA ko sUcita karate haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dasa Adarza zrAvakoM kA varNana AyA hai| vahA~ ullekha hai ki Ananda, nandinIpitA aura sAlihIpitA ke pAsa 12-12 karor3a sonayoM kI sampatti thii| cAra-cAra karor3a sonaiyA nidhAnarUpa arthAt khajAne meM thA, cAra-cAra karor3a sonayoM kA vistAra (dvipada, catuSpada, dhana-dhAnya Adi kI sampatti) thA aura cAracAra karor3a sonayoM se vyApAra calatA thA / isake alAvA unake pAsa gAyoM ke cAra-cAra gokula the (eka gokula meM dasahajAra gAyeM hotI thIM) / isI prakAra kAmadeva, cullazataka, kuNDakolika ke pAsa 18-18 karor3a sonaye the aura gAyoM ke 6-6 gokula the| culanIpitA, surAdeva, mahAzataka ke pAsa 24-24 karor3a sonaye kI sampatti aura gAyoM ke 8-8 gokula the / saddAla putra jo jAti kA kumbhakAra thA, usake pAsa tIna karor3a sonayoM kI sampatti thI aura dasa-hajAra gAyoM kA eka gokula thaa| madhyayuga meM vastupAla-tejapAla aura bhAmAzAha jaise zreSThi the| Adhunika yuga meM bhI zreSThiyoM kI kamI nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra garIbI kA samarthana nahIM karate / unakA prahAra dhana ke prati rahI huI mUrchAvRtti para hai| ve vyakti ko niSkriya yA akarmaNya banane ko nahIM kahate, para unakA bala ajita sampatti ko dUsaroM meM bAMTane para hai| unakA spaSTa udghoSa hai-asaMvibhAgINahu tassa mokkho arthAt jo apane prApya ko dUsaroM meM bA~TatA nahIM, usakI mukti nahIM hotii| arjana ke visarjana kA yaha bhAva udAra aura saMvedanazIla vyakti ke hRdaya meM hI jAgRta ho sakatA hai aura aisA vyakti krUra, hiMsaka yA pApAcArI nahIM ho sakatA / nizcaya hI aisA vyakti miSTabhASI, mitavyayI, saMyamI aura sAdagI pUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane vAlA hogA aura ina sabake sammilita prabhAva se usakI sampatti bhI uttarottara vRddhimAna hogii| ajaMna kA visarjana niyamita rUpa se hotA rahe aura maryAdA se adhika sampatti saMcita na ho, isake lie atithisaMvibhAgavata aura dAna kA vidhAna hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tuMgiyAnagarI ke aise zrAvakoM kA varNana AtA hai jinake gharoM ke dvAra atithiyoM ke lie sadA khule rahate the / atithiyoM meM sAdhuoM ke atirikta jarUratamanda logoM kA bhI samAveza hai| puNya tattva ke prasaMga meM puNyabandha ke nau kAraNa batAe gaye haiM isa dRSTi se ve ullekhanIya haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM(1) bhUkhe ko bhojana denA (anna puNya) (2) pyAse ko pAnI (peya padArtha) pilAnA, (pAnapuNya), (3) jarUratamanda ko makAna . Adi denA (sthAna puNya), (4) pATa, bistara Adi denA (zayana puNya), (5) vastra Adi denA (vastra puNya), (6) mana (7) vacana aura (8) zarIra kI zubha pravRti se samAja sevA karanA (mana puNya, vacana puNya aura kAya puNya) tathA (6) pUjya puruSoM aura samAja seviyoM ke prati vinamra bhAva prakaTa karate hue unakA sammAna satkAra karanA (namaskAra punny)| AvazyakatA se adhika saMcaya na karanA aura maryAdA se adhika prApya sampatti ko jarUratamaMda logoM meM vitarita kara dene kI bhAvanA hI jana kalyANa ke kArya ko Age bar3hAtI hai| dAna yA tyAga kA yaha rUpa kevala rUr3hi pAlana nahIM hai| samAja ke prati kartavya va dAyitva bodha bhI hai| dAna kA uddezya samAja meM U~ca-nIca kA stara kAyama karanA nahIM, barana jIvana rakSA ke liye Avazyaka vastuoM kA samavitaraNa karanA hai| dharma zAsana isa pravRtti para jitanA bala detA hai utanA hI bala janatAMtrika samAjavAdI zAsana vyavasthA bhI detI hai| jainadarzana meM dAna kA yaha pakSa kevala arthadAna taka hI sImita nahIM hai| yahA~ arthadAna se adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai AhAradAna, auSadhadAna, jJAnadAna aura abhayadAna ko| uttama dAna ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki jo dAna de rahA hai vaha niSkAma bhAvanA se de aura jo dAna le rahA hai, usameM kisI prakAra kI dIna yA hIna bhAvanA paidA na ho| dAna dete samaya dAnadAtA ko mAna-sammAna kI bhUkha nahIM honI cAhiye / nirlobha aura nirabhimAna bhAva se kiyA gayA dAna hI saccA dAna hai| dAtA ke mana meM kisI prakAra kA mamatva bhAva na rahe, isI dRSTi se zAstroM meM guptadAna kI mahimA batAyI gaI hai| dAna kI hor3a meM yena-kena-prakAreNa dhana baTorane kI pravRtti AtmalakSI vyakti ke liye hitakara nahIM ho sktii| dAna meM mAtrA kA nahIM, guNAtmakatA kA mahatva hai / nIti aura nyAya se ajita sampadA kA dAna hI vAstavika dAna hai| AvazyakatA se adhika vastu kA saMcaya na kara, dUsaroM ko de denA lokadharma hai, para apanI Avazyaka vastuoM meM se kamI karake, dUsaroM ke liye denA Atmadharma hai| isa dUsare rUpa meM hI vyakti apanI pravRttiyoM kA vizeSa niyamana kara pAtA hai / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana meM jina Arthika tattvoM kA saMgumphana hai, unakI Aja ke sandarbha meM bar3I prAsaMgikatA hai aura dharma tathA artha kI cetanA paraspara virodhI na hokara eka dUsare kI pUraka hai| UNRE RWADI