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________________ jaina darzana meM mana baccharAja dUgar3a bhAratIya darzana kA mukhya rUpa tattva darzana yA mokSa darzana rahA hai| isalie usane vizva kI vyAkhyA aura mokSa ke sAdhaka bAdhaka tattvoM kI mImAMsA kI hai| mokSa kI prApti ke lie sabhI darzanoM ne mokSa mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tathA mokSa kyA hai, isakA bhI vistAra se vizleSaNa haA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA hai-"jisane ahaMkAra aura vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kara lI; mana, vANI aura zarIra ke vikAroM ko dho DAlA; jinakI AzA nivRta ho cukI, una suvihita AtmAoM ke lie yahI mokSa hai|" isa vizleSaNa meM bhI mana ko pramukha sthAna dete hue kahA gayA hai ki indriya aura mana kA vazIkaraNa hI mokSa mArga hai| dUsarI tarapha darzanoM meM jJAna mImAMsA kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| jaba bhI jJAna mImAMsA kI carcA hotI hai, mana kA vahA~ rahanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| indriya aura mana ke mAdhyama se hI jJeya ko jAnakara hama jJAna karate haiN| ataH darzana zAstra meM mana eka aisA zabda hai jisake astitva ko sabhI darzanoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya svIkAra kiyA hai| mana ke viSaya meM pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bahuta kucha cintana kiyA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI zAkhA bhI vAstava meM pAzcAtya darzana kI hI dena hai| para bhAratIya darzana meM bhI mana kA sthAna kucha viziSTatA liye hue hai| bhAratIya darzana kI taraha mana kyA hai, mana kA paudgalika vastuoM va zArIrika aMgoM ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai, kyA mana kI sa meM eka hai athavA vibheda hai, ityAdi maulika praznoM para pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI pleToM se lekara phrAyaDa taka ne vicAra kiyA hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika mana ke astitva ko svIkAra karane meM mukhya tIna tathya mAnate haiM -(1) vicAra yA ciMtana, (2) jJAna aura (3) bhaviSya meM lakSya kA nirdhAraNa / jaina darzana meM mana jaina darzana ke anusAra mana svatantra padArtha yA guNa nahIM hai| vaha bhAva mana ke rUpa meM AtmA kA hI eka vizeSa guNa hai| mana kI pravRtti bhI karma aura no-karma sApekSa hai| ataH mana kI sthiti ko samajhane se pUrva isa tripuTI ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| AtmA-caitanya-lakSaNa, caitanya-svarUpa aura caitanyamaya padArtha kA nAma AtmA hai|'' para caitanya kA vikAsa saba AtmAoM meM samAna nahIM hai| isa tAratamya kA nimitta hai karma / 1. uttarAdhyayana 28/10, 11 2. sthAnAMga 2 3. bhagavatI 7/8
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________________ baccharAja dUgar3a karma - AtmA kI pravRtti ke dvArA AkRSTa tathA usI ke sAtha ekarasIbhUta banA huA pudgala karma hai / ' karma ke vicAra meM no-karma kI apekSA rahatI hai / karma vipAka kI sahAyaka sAmagrI no-karma hai / karma vipAka meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, avasthA, pudgala Adi bAharI paristhitiyoM kI apekSA rahatI hai / 88 mana kyA hai ? - manana karanA mana hai athavA jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana hai / dhavalA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhalI prakAra ( IhA, avAya, dhAraNA, smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka anumAna, Agama Adi pUrvaka ) jAnatA hai, use saMjJA yA mana kahate haiM / dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki mana aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA jAla hai / ina sabhI paribhASAoM kA saMkalanAtmaka rUpa jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM milatA hai, jisake anusAra mana, indriyoM ke dvArA gRhIta viSayoM meM pravRtta hotA hai / vaha zabda rUpa Adi sabhI viSayoM ko jAnatA hai tathA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna karatA hai / mana ke kArya-smRti, ciMtana aura kalpanA hI mana ke kArya haiM / yaha indriya jJAna kA pravartaka hai / nandI sUtra meM mana ke kAryoM kA vibhAjana isa prakAra hai- "IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, cintA, vimarza / ' AcArya siddhasena ke anusAra saMzaya, pratibhA, svapnajJAna, vitarka, sukha-duHkha, kSamA, icchAdi mana ke kArya haiM / " mana cetana yA acetana - jaina darzana ke anusAra mana cetana dravya aura acetana dravya ke sammizraNa kI sthiti meM hI utpanna hotA hai / jaba AtmA sarvathA karma mukta hotI hai to usameM mana kI sthiti nahIM hotI / isalie jaina- dRSTi ke anusAra mana do prakAra ke hote haiMeka cetana aura dUsarA paudgalika / paudgalika mana jJAnAtmaka mana kA sahayogI hotA hai / isake binA jJAnAtmaka mana apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatA / usameM akele meM jJAna-zakti nahIM hotI donoM ke yoga se mAnasika kriyAe~ hotI haiM / jJAnAtmaka cetanA ( bhAvamana ) mastiSka ( paudgalika ) kI upaja nahIM ho sakatI / mana caitanya ke vikAsa kA eka stara hai ataH jJAnAtmaka hai para usakA yaha kArya jisa snAyu maNDala, mastiSka aura manovargaNA kI sahAyatA se hotA hai vaha paudgalika mana hai / 1. jainasiddhAnta dIpikA 4/1 2. prajJApanA 17 3. vahI 13 4. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 3525 (maNaNaM va mannae vADaNeNa ) 5. dhavalA 1/1/1, 4/152/3 6. dravyasaMgraha TIkA 12/30/1 7. jainasiddhAnta dIpikA 2/33 8. nandIsUtra 36
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________________ jaina darzana meM mana mana aura mastiSka kI sApekSatA-mana aura mastiSka meM gaharA sambandha hai| indriyoM ke dvArA viSaya kA grahaNa hotA hai, mastiSka unakA saMvedana karatA hai tathA mana usa para paryAlocana yAni heyatA-upAdeyatA kA kArya karatA hai| mastiSka mana kI pravRti kA mukhya sAdhana aMga hai, isIlie usake vikRta ho jAne se mana bhI vikRta ho jAtA hai| phira bhI ye svatantra mana aura indriyoM kI sApekSatA-jaina darzana ke anusAra mati-jJAna aura zruta-jJAna ke sAdhana haiM - indriyA~ aura mana / yahA~ jJAna kA krama isa prakAra hai- vyaJjana- jJAtA aura jJeya vastu kA ucita sannidhAna / darzana--vastu ke sarva-sAmAnya rUpa kA avabodha / saMzaya- vastu svarUpa ke bAre meM anirNAyaka vikalpa / IhA-vasta svarUpa kA parAmarza arthAta vastU meM prApta aura aprApta dharmoM kA paryAlocana / avAya- vastu svarUpa kA nirNaya / dhAraNa--- vastu svarUpa kA sthirIkaraNa / isa jJAna krama meM vyaJjana tathA darzana taka indriyoM kI pravRtti hotI hai| mana kA kArya arthAvagraha se prArambha hotA hai| mana saba indriyoM ke yugapat pravRtti nahIM kasa sktaa| vaha eka kAla meM eka indriya ke sAtha hI vyApAra kara sakatA hai| bhAvamana (jJAnAtmaka cetanA) upayogamaya hai / vaha jisa samaya jisa indriya ke sAtha manoyoga kara jisa vastu kA upayoga karatA hai taba vaha tanmayopayoga hI ho jAtA hai| indriyoM ke vyApAra kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki usake bAda mana bhI apanA kArya kre| indriyoM ke abhAva meM mana paMgu ho jAtA hai| vaha usI viSaya para ciMtana kara sakatA hai jo kabhI na kabhI indriyoM se gRhIta huA ho| indriyA~ sirpha mUrta-dravya kI vartamAna paryAya ko hI jAnatI haiM / mana mUrta aura amUrta donoM ke kAlika aneka rUpoM ko jAnatA hai, isalie mana ko sarvArthagrAhI kahA gayA hai| mana kI aprApyakAritA-mana kA vastu ke sAtha sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotaa| yadi mana kI prApyakAritA ko mAneM to Aga ke ciMtana se hama jalane lageMge aura caMdana ke ciMtana se zItalatA kA anubhava karane lgeNge| ataH mana kI aprApyakAritA siddha hai| mana kA sthAna -gommaTasAra ke kartA ke anusAra mana kA sthAna hRdaya hai| para yoga ke kucha AcArya mana kA sthAna sampUrNa zarIra ko mAnate haiN| unake anusAra jahA~-jahA~ prANavAyu hai vahA~-vahA~ mana hai| mana indriya hai yA nahIM-jaina dRSTi ke anusAra mana anIndriya hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki mana indriya kI taraha pratiniyata artha ko jAnane vAlA nahIM hai| isalie indriya bhI nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM dhavalAkAra kA kathana hai ki indra arthAt AtmA ke liMga ko indriya kahate haiN| jisa 1. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, kANDa-2 2. jainasiddhAntadIpikA 2/33 3. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga -6, pR0 76-83 4. yogazAstra 5/2 manoyatra "nIravat 1 /
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________________ 90 baccharAja dUgar3a prakAra zeSa indriyoM kA bAhya indriyoM se grahaNa hotA hai vaisA mana kA nahIM hotA / ataH mana anIndriya hai / ' anIndriya kA artha indriya sadRza hai / mana kA adhikArI kauna -mana ke vyakta cetanatva kI dRSTi se garbhaja paMcendriya prANI hI adhikArI hai / para saMjJIzruta kI apekSA se ita prANI bhI usake adhikArI haiM / hetuvAdopadezikI saMjJA vAle jIva binA IhA apoha ke bhI ISTa kI ora pravRtti karate haiM aura aniSTa se nivRtti karate haiM / dIrghakAlikI saMjJA vAle jIva IhA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA Adi ke sahAre vastu ke viSaya meM traikAlika AlocanAtmaka jJAna prApta kara sakate haiM / samyagdRSTi saMjJA vAle jIvoM meM hI mAnasika jJAna kA yathArtha aura pUrNa vikAsa hotA hai / mana kI vividha avasthAe~ - jaina darzana ke graMthoM meM mana kI avasthAoM kA varNana bahuta kama upalabdha hotA hai para jaina yoga graMthoM meM mana kI vividha avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai | AcArya kundakunda, pUjyapAda, yogIMdudeva, zubhacaMdra Adi ne apane graMtha kramazaH mokSaprAbhRta, samAdhitaMtra, paramAtmaprakAza aura jJAnArNava meM mana ke prakAroM kI carcA kI hai / inameM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kI carcA vistAra se huI hai| bahirAtmA mana kI vaha sthiti hai jisakI vidyamAnatA se vyakti apane bhItara kucha bhI sAra yA tattva kI anubhUti nahIM karatA / use bAhya padArthoM meM hI sAra lagatA hai / antarAtmA mana kI sthiti meM vaha apane bhItara meM sAra dekhane lagatA hai / vaha apane bhItara sukha Ananda, zakti caitanya ko bahate hue dekhatA hai / paramAtmA vizuddha caitanya kI sthiti hai vahA~ mana kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM arthAt vahA~ mana nahIM hotA / sthAnAMgasUtra meM mana ke prakAra evaM mana kI avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai / vahA~ mana ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM-- (1) tanmana - lakSya meM lagA huA mana, (2) tadanyamana - alakSya meM lagA huA mana, (3) no-amanamana kA lakSya hIna vyApAra / yahAM mana kI tIna avasthAeM bhI pratipAdita kI gaI haiM / (1) sumanaskatA - mAnasika prasannatA, (2) durmanaskatA - mAnasika viSAda, (3) no manaskatA aura no- durmanaskatA - mAnasika upekSA bhAva yA taTasthatA / AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM apane svAnubhava kI carcA karate hue sarvaprathama mana kI avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vikSiptamana yAtAyAta mana, zliSTa mana aura sulIna mana / yahA~ hemacandrAcArya para pataMjali praNIta yogadarzana para likhe vyAsa bhASya kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai | vyAsa ne prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM hI mana ke bhedoM kA isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA haikSipta, mUr3ha, vikSipta, ekAgra aura niruddha / uparyukta donoM vicAradhArAoM ko samajhakara AcArya zrI tulasI ne apane grantha manonuzAsanam meM ina avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / mUDha, vikSipta yAtAyAta, zliSTa, sulIna aura niruddha / mUr3ha - jo mana mithyA dRSTi aura mithyA AcAra meM parivyApta hotA hai, use mUr3ha kahate haiM / isa avasthA meM moha prabala hotA hai aura mana kevala bAhya jagat aura paristhiti kA hI pratibimba letA rahatA hai / isa mana meM kisI ekaviSaya para sthira rahane kI yogyatA nahIM hotI / 1. dhavalA 1/1/1, 35/260/5 2. sthAnAMgasUtra - 3/357, 188
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________________ jaina darzana meM mana vikSipta--jo mana idhara-udhara vicaratA rahatA hai arthAt kisI eka viSaya para nizcala nahIM rahatA, vaha vikSipta mana hai| isa avasthA meM bhItara kI ora jhA~kane kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai aura isa avasthA meM lagatA hai ki mana bahuta caMcala hai / yaha sthiratA kI ora bar3hane kA prathama caraNa hai| yAtAyAta-jo mana kabhI antarmukhI banatA hai, kabhI bahirmukhI use yAtAyAta mana kahate haiN| zliSTa-dhyeya meM sthira hue mana ko zliSTa kahate haiN| para yahA~ bhI dhyAtA aura dhyeya meM pUrNa ekAtmakatA nahIM hai| sulIna-jo mana dhyeya meM susthira ho jAtA hai, use sulIna mana kahate haiM / dhyAtA, dhyeya meM apanA astitva bhulA detA hai| phira bhI yahA~ mana kI gati samApta nahIM hotI, kyoMki use dhyeya kI pUrNa smRti banI rahatI hai| niruddha-jo mana bAhya Alambana se zUnya ho kevala AtmapariNata ho jAtA hai, vaha niruddha mana hai| yahA~ para dhyeya kI smRti bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| tathA indriya aura mana kI pravRtti samApta ho jAtI hai|' manonirodha ke upAya-uttarAdhyayana meM kezI aura gautama ke saMvAda se mana ko vaza meM manonuzAsanam meM manonigraha ke kucha bAharI va kucha AMtarika upAya batAye gaye haiN| jaba caitanya kA pravAha antarmukhI hotA hai taba kalpanAe~ aura smRtiyA~ svataH niruddha ho jAtI haiN| AtmajJAna kI nirmalatA hI vairAgya kA rUpa letI hai| mana ke nirodha kA eka dUsarA hetu zraddhA kA prakarSa hai / zraddhA ke prakarSa se bhI mAnasika ekAgratA sadhatI hai| ye hI upAya pAtaMjala yogadarzana meM bhI batAye gaye haiN| bhagavAn buddha ne bhI mana ke niyaMtraNa para bala diyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki mana niyaMtraNa meM A jAya to sabhI viSayoM se mana ko haTAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| jahA~-jahA~ pApa hai vahA~-vahA~ se mana ko haTAnA hai| zithilIkaraNa-kAyA kI zithilatA manonirodha kA sundara upAya hai / kAyA kI caMcalatA hI mana ko bar3hAtI hai| zarIra kI zithilatA saMkalpa aura zvAsa para nirbhara hai| ataH jitanI saMkalpa aura zvAsa kI zithilatA hogI, mana kA nirodha bhI sahaja ho jaayegaa| dhyAna-dhyAna meM mana ko kisI viSaya para niyojita karake mana kI caMcalatA ko kama kiyA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki ekAgrasanniveSa se citta kA nirodha hotA hai| isase saMkalpa-vikalpa kA pravAha TUTa jAtA hai| / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM mana ke artha se lekara manonirodha taka kI pUrI paddhati batAI gaI hai| 1. manonuzAsanam prakaraNa 2, pR0 33-38 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23/55-58 3. pAtaMjala yogadarzana I, 12-16 4. saMyukta nikAya yato-yato pramuccati 1/1/24 na savvato."nivAraye 1/1/25 5. uttarAdhyayana 29/26