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________________ jainadarzana meM janatAMtrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattva DA0 narendra bhAnAvata ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 ( hindI prAdhyApaka, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura) jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra sabhyatA kI prArambhika avasthA meM vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tInoM AroM meM- jIvana atyanta sarala evaM prAkRtika thA / tathAkathita kalpa vRkSoM se AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho jAyA karatI thI / yaha akarmabhUmi - bhogabhUmi - kA kAla thA / para tIsare Are ke antima pAda meM kAlacakra ke prabhAva se isa avasthA meM parivartana AyA aura manuSya karmabhUmi kI ora agrasara huA / usameM mAnava sambandhaparakatA kA bhAva jagA aura pArivArika vyavasthA -- kula vyavasthA - sAmane AI / isake vyavasthApaka kulakara yA manu kahalAye jo vikAsa krama meM caudaha hue / kulakara vyavasthA kA vikAsa Age calakara samAjasaMgaThana, dharmasaMgaThana ke rUpa meM huA aura isake pramukha netA hue 24 tIrthaMkara tathA gauNa netA 36 anya mahApuruSa ( 12 cakravartI, & baladeva, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva) hue jo saba milakara triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa kahe jAte haiM / uparyukta pRSThabhUmi meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dRSTi se dharma kevala vaiyaktika AcaraNa hI nahIM hai, vaha sAmAjika AvazyakatA aura samAja vyavasthA kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka bhI hai| jahA~ vaiyaktika AcaraNa ko pavitra aura manuSya kI AMtarika zakti ko jAgRta karane kI dRSTi se kSamA, mAdeva, Arjava, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, brahmacarya jaise manobhAvAdhArita dharmoM kI vyavasthA hai, vahA~ sAmAjika cetanA ko vikasita aura sAmAjika saMgaThana ko sudRr3ha tathA svastha banAne kI dRSTi se grAmagharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma, kuladharma, gaNadharma, saMghadharma jaise samAjonmukhI dharmoM tathA grAma sthavira, nagara sthavira, rASTra sthavira, prazAstA sthavira, kula sthavira, gaNa sthavira, saMgha sthavira jaise dharma nAyakoM kI bhI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| isa bindu para Akara 'jana' aura 'samAja' paraspara jur3ate haiM aura dharma meM nivRtti pravRtti, tyAga sevA aura jJAna-kriyA kA samAveza hotA hai / yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki dharma kA mUla kendra vyakti hotA hai kyoMki dharma AcaraNa se prakaTa hotA hai para usakA prabhAva samUha yA samAja meM pratiphalita hotA hai ora isI pariprekSya meM janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattvoM ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / kucha logoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA kI avadhAraNA pazcimI janatantra - yUnAna ke prAcIna nagara rAjya aura kAlAntara meM phrAMsa kI rAjya krAnti kI dena hai / para sarvathA aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM / prAcIna bhAratIya rAjatantra vyavasthA meM Adhunika iMgalaiNDa kI bhA~ti sImita va vaidhAnika rAjatantra se yukta prajAtantrAtmaka zAsana ke bIja vidyamAna the / janasabhAoM aura viziSTa AdhyAtmika RSiyoM dvArA 1 sthAnAMga sUtra, dasavAM ThANA vizeSa vivecana ke lie dekhie -AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI mahArAja kRta 'dharma aura dharmanAyaka' pustaka |
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________________ 302 munidvaya abhinandana grantha rAjatantra sImita thaa| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra licchivI gaNarAjya se sambandhita the| yaha avazya hai ki pazcimI janatantra aura bhAratIya janatantra kI vikAsa prakriyA aura uddezyoM meM antara rahA hai, use isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai: 1. pazcima meM sthAnIya zAsana kI utpatti kendrIya zakti se haI hai jabaki bhArata meM isakI utpatti jana samudAya se huI hai| 2. pAzcAtya janatAntrika rAjya pUMjIvAda, upanivezavAda aura sAmrAjyavAda ke bala para phale-phUle haiN| ve apanI svatantratA ke liye to mara-miTate haiM, para dUsare dezoM ko rAjanaitika dAsatA kA zikAra banAkara unheM svazAsana ke adhikAra se vaMcita rakhane kI sAjiza karate haiN| para bhAratIya janatantra kA rAstA isase bhinna hai| usane Arthika zoSaNa aura rAjanaitika prabhutva ke uddezya se kabhI bAharI dezoM para AkramaNa nahIM kiyaa| usakI nIti zAntipUrNa sahaastitva aura antarrASTrIya sahayoga kI rahI hai| 3. pazcimI dezoM meM pUMjIvAdI aura sAmyavAdI donoM prakAra ke janatantroM ko sthApita karane meM raktapAta, hatyAkANDa aura hiMsaka krAnti kA sahArA liyA hai para bhAratIya janatantra kA vikAsa lokazakti aura sAmUhika cetanA kA phala hai| ahiMsaka pratirodha aura satya ke prati Agraha usake mUla AdhAra rahe haiN| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya samAja-vyavasthA meM janatantra kevala rAjanaitika sandarbha hI nahIM hai| yaha eka vyApaka jIvana paddhati hai, eka mAnasika dRSTikoNa hai jisakA sambandha jIvana ke dhArmika, naitika, Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika sabhI pakSoM se hai| isa dharAtala para jaba hama cintana karate haiM to mukhyataH jaina darzana meM aura adhikAMza anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA ke nimnalikhita mukhya tattva rekhAMkita kiye jA sakate haiM: 1. svatantratA 2. samAnatA 3. loka-kalyANa 4. dharma nirapekSatA 1. svatantratA-svatantratA janatantra kI AtmA hai aura jainadarzana kI mUla bhitti bhii| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jIva athavA AtmA svatantra astitva vAlA dravya hai| apane astitva ke lie na to yaha kisI dUsare dravya para Azrita hai aura na isa para Azrita koI anya dravya hai| isa dRSTi se jIva ko prabhu kahA gayA hai jisakA abhiprAya hai jIva svayaM hI apane utthAna yA patana kA uttaradAyI hai| sadpravRtta AtmA hI usakA mitra hai aura duSpravRtta AtmA hI usakA zatru hai / svAdhInatA aura parAdhInatA usake karmoM ke adhIna hai| vaha apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA ghAtI-aghAtI sabhI prakAra ke karmoM ko naSTa kara pUrNa mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM yahI jIva kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ svatantratA ke sthAna para mukti zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa mukti-prApti meM jIva kI sAdhanA aura usakA puruSArtha hI mukhya sAdhana hai| guru Adi se mArgadarzana to mila sakatA hai, para unako pUjane-ArAdhane se mukti nahIM mila sktii| mukti-prApti ke lie svayaM ke AtmA ko hI puruSArtha meM lagAnA hogaa| isa prakAra jIva mAtra kI garimA, mahattA aura icchA-zakti ko jaina-darzana meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| isIlie yahAM mukta jIva arthAt paramAtmA kI guNAtmaka ekatA ke sAtha-sAtha mAtrAtmaka anekatA hai| kyoMki pratyeka jIva Izvara ke sAnnidhya kA sAmIpya-lAbha hI prApta karane kA adhikArI nahIM hai, balki svayaM paramAtmA banane ke lie kSamatAvAna hai| phalataH jaina dRSTi meM AtmA hI paramAtmadazA prApta karatI hai, para
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________________ jainadarzana meM janatAMtrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattva 303 . koI paramAtmA AtmadazA prApta kara punaH avatarita nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra vyakti ke astitva ke dharAtala para jIva ko IzvarAdhInatA aura karmAdhInatA donoM se mukti dilAkara usakI pUrNa svatantratA kI rakSA kI gayI hai| jainadarzana kI yaha svatantratA niraMkuza yA ekAdhikAravAditA kI upaja nahIM hai| isameM dUsaroM ke astitva kI svatantratA kI bhI pUrNa rakSA hai / isI bindu se ahiMsA kA siddhAnta ubharatA hai jisameM jana ke prati hI nahIM prANImAtra ke prati mitratA aura bandhutva kA bhAva hai| yahAM jana arthAt manuSya hI prANI nahIM hai aura mAtra usakI hatyA hI hiMsA nahIM hai| jaina zAstroM meM prANa arthAt jIvanI-zakti ke dasa bheda batAye gaye haiM-sunane kI zakti, dekhane kI zakti, sUMghane kI zakti, svAda lene kI zakti, chane kI zakti, vicArane kI zakti, bolane kI zakti, gamanAgamana kI zakti, zvAsa lene chor3ane kI zakti aura jIvita rahane kI zakti / inameM se pramatta yoga dvArA kisI bhI prANa ko kSati pahu~cAnA, usa para pratibandha lagAnA, usakI svatantratA meM bAdhA pahu~cAnA, hiMsA hai| jaba hama kisI ke svatantra cintana ko bAdhita karate haiM, usake bolane para pratibandha lagAte haiM aura gamanAgamana para roka lagAte haiM to prakArAntara se kramazaH usake mana, vacana aura kAyA rUpa prANa kI hiMsA karate haiN| isI prakAra kisI ke dekhane, sunane, saMghane, cakhane, chune Adi para pratibandha lagAnA mI vibhinna prANoM kI hiMsA hai| yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki svatantratA kA yaha sUkSma, udAtta cintana hI hamAre saMvidhAna ke svatantratA sambandhI maulika adhikAroM kA utsa svatantratA kA vicAra-jagata meM bar3A mahatva hai| AtmanirNaya aura matAdhikAra isI ke pariNAma haiN| kaI sAmyavAdI dezoM meM sAmAjika aura Arthika svatantratA hote hue bhI icchA svAtantrya kA yaha adhikAra nahIM hai / para jainadarzana meM aura hamAre saMvidhAna meM bhI vicAra svAtantrya ko sarvopari mahatva diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA ki pratyeka jIva kA svatantra astitva hai, isalie usakI svatantra vicAra-cetanA bhI hai| ataH jaisA tuma socate ho ekamAtra vahI satya nahIM hai| dUsare jo socate haiM usameM bhI satyAMza nihita hai| ataH pUrNa satya kA sAkSAskAra karane ke lie itara logoM ke soce hue, anubhava kiye hue satyAMzoM ko bhI mahatva do| unheM samajho, parakho, aura usake Aloka meM apane satya kA parIkSaNa kro| isase na kevala tumheM usa satya kA sAkSAtkAra hogA varan apanI mUloM ke prati sudhAra karane kA tumheM avasara bhI milegaa| prakArAntara se mahAvIra kA yaha cintana janatAntrika zAsana-vyavasthA meM svastha virodhI pakSa kI AvazyakatA aura mahattA pratipAdita karatA hai tathA isa bAta kI preraNA detA hai ki kisI bhI tathya ko bhalI prakAra samajhane ke lie apane ko virodha-pakSa kI sthiti meM rakha kara usa para cintana kro| taba jo satya nikharegA vaha nirmala, nirvikAra aura niSpakSa hogaa| mahAvIra kA yaha vaicArika audArya aura sApekSa cintana svatantratA kA rakSA kavaca hai| yaha dRSTikoNa anekAnta siddhAnta ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai| 2. samAnatA-svatantratA kI anumati vAtAvaraNa aura avasara kI samAnatA para nirbhara hai| yadi samAja meM jAtigata vaiSamya aura Arthika asamAnatA hai to svatantratA ke pradatta adhikAroM kA bhI koI vizeSa upayoga nhiiN| isalie mahAvIra ne svatantratA para jitanA bala diyA utanA hI bala samAnatA para diyaa| unheM jo virakti huI vaha kevala jIvana ko nazvaratA yA sAMsArika asAratA ko dekhakara nahIM varan manuSya dvArA manuSya kA zoSaNa dekhakara ve tilamilA utthe| aura usa zoSaNa ko miTAne ke lie, jIvana ke hara stara para samatA sthApita karane ke lie unhoMne krAnti kI, tIrtha pravartana kiyaa| bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca panape dharma dalAloM ko anAvazyaka
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________________ 304 munidvaya abhinandana grantha batAkara bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca guNAtmaka sambandha jodd'aa| janma ke sthAna para karma ko pratiSThita kara garIboM, dalitoM aura asahAyoM ko ucca AdhyAtmika sthiti prApta karane kI kalA sikhaayii| apane sAdhanA kAla meM kaThora abhigraha dhAraNa kara dAsI banI, hathakar3I aura ber3iyoM meM jakar3I, tIna dina se bhUkhI, muNDita keza rAjakumArI candanA se AhAra grahaNa kara, ucca kSatriya rAjakula kI mahArAniyoM ke mukAbale samAja meM nikRSTa samajho jAne vAlI nArI zakti kI AdhyAtmika garimA aura mahimA pratiSThApita kii| jAtivAda aura varNavAda ke khilApha cher3I gayI yaha sAmAjika krAnti bhAratIya janatantra kI sAmAjika samAnatA kA mukhya AdhAra banI hai| yaha tathya pazcima ke sabhya kahalAne vAle tathAkathita janatAntrika dezoM kI raMgabheda nIti ke viruddha eka cunautI hai| mahAvIra dUradraSTA vicAraka aura anantajJAnI sAdhaka the| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki Arthika samAnatA ke binA sAmAjika samAnatA adhika samaya taka kAyama nahIM raha sakatI aura rAjanaitika svAdhInatA bhI Arthika svAdhInatA ke abhAva meM kalyANakArI nahIM bntii| isalie mahAvIra kA sArA bala aparigraha bhAvanA para rhaa| eka ora unhoMne eka aisI sAdhu saMsthA khar3I kI jisake pAsa rahane ko apanA koI AgAra nhiiN| kala ke khAne kI Aja koI nizcita vyavasthA nahIM, surakSA ke lie jisake pAsa koI sAdhana-saMgraha nahIM, jo anagAra hai, bhikSu hai, pAdavihArI hai, nirgrantha hai, zramaNa hai, apanI zrama sAdhanA para jItA hai aura dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke lie samarpita haiM, usakA sArA jIvana jise samAja se kucha lenA nahIM, denA hI denA hai / dUsarI aura unhoMne upAsaka saMsthA-zrAvaka saMsthA khar3I kI jisake parigraha kI maryAdA hai, jo aNuvratI hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM para jaba hama ciMtana karate haiM to lagatA hai ki ahiMsA ke samAnAntara hI parigraha kI maryAdA aura niyamana kA vicAra calA hai| gRhastha ke lie mahAvIra yaha nahIM kahate ki tuma saMgraha na kro| unakA bala isa bAta para hai ki AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha mata kro| aura jo saMgraha karo usa para svAmitva kI bhAvanA mata rkho| pAzcAtya janatAntrika dezoM meM svAmitva ko nakArA nahIM gayA hai| vahA~ sampatti ko eka svAmI se chIna kara dUsare ko svAmI banA dene para bala hai| isa vyavasthA meM mamatA chUTatI nahIM, svAmitva banA rahatA hai aura jaba taka svAmitva kA bhAva hai-saMgharSa hai, vargameda hai| vargavihIna samAja racanA ke lie svAmitva kA visarjana jarUrI hai / mahAvIra ne isalie parigraha ko sampatti nahIM kahA, use mUrchA yA mamatva mAva kahA hai| sAdhu to nitAnta aparigrahI hotA hI hai, gRhastha bhI dhIre-dhIre usa ora bar3he, yaha apekSA hai / isIlie mahAvIra ne zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM jo vyavasthA dI hai vaha eka prakAra se svaicchika svAmitvabisarjana aura parigraha maryAdA, sIliMga kI vyavasthA hai| Arthika viSamatA ke unmUlana ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ke upArjana ke srota aura upabhoga ke lakSya maryAdita aura nizcita hoM / bAraha vratoM meM tIsarA asteya vrata isa bAta para bala detA hai ki corI karanA hI vajita nahIM hai, balki cora dvArA curAI huI vastu ko lenA, cora ko preraNA karanA, use kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA karanA, rAjya niyamoM ke viruddha pravRtti karanA, jhUThA nApa-taula karanA, jhUThA dastAveja likhanA, jhUThI sAkSI denA, vastuoM meM milAvaTa karanA, acchI vastu dikhAkara ghaTiyA de denA Adi saba pApa haiN| Aja kI bar3hatI huI cora-bAjArI, Teksa corI, khAdya padArthoM meM milAvaTa kI pravRtti Adi saba mahAvIra kI dRSTi se vyakti ko pApa kI ora le jAte haiM aura samAja meM Arthika viSamatA ke kAraNa banate haiN| isa pravRtti ko rokane ke lie pAMcaveM vrata meM unhoMne kheta, makAna, sonA-cAMdI Adi jevarAta, dhana dhAnya, pazu-pakSI, jamIna-jAyadAda Adi ko maryAdita, Aja kI zabdAvalI meM inakA sIliMga karane para jora diyA hai aura icchAoM ko uttarottara niyantrita karane kI bAta kahI hai| chaThe vrata meM vyApAra karane ke kSetra ko sImita karane kA vidhAna hai| kSetra aura dizA kA parimANa karane se na
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________________ janadarzana meM janatAMtrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattva 305 to taskaravRtti ko panapane kA avasara milatA hai aura na upanivezavAdI vRtti ko bar3hAvA milatA hai| sAtaveM vrata meM apane upabhoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA karane kI vyavasthA hai / yaha eka prakAra kA svaicchika rAzaniMga sisTama hai / isase vyakti anAvazyaka saMgraha se bacatA hai aura saMyamita rahane se sAdhanA kI ora pravRtti bar3hatI hai| isI vrata meM arthArjana ke aise srotoM se bacate rahane kI bAta kahI gayI hai jinase hiMsA bar3hatI hai. kRSi utpAdana ko hAni pahuMcatI hai aura asAmAjika tatvoM ko protsAhana milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aise vyavasAyoM ko karmAdAna kI saMjJA dI hai aura unakI saMkhyA pandraha batalAyI hai| Aja ke saMdarbha meM iMgAlakamme jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, vaNakamme - jagala Adi kaTavAkara becanA, asaIjaNaposaNayA - asaMyati janoM kA poSaNa karanA arthAt asAmAjika tatvoM ko poSaNa denA, Adi para zeka kA vizeSa mahatva hai| - - yaha (3) loka-kalyANa jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai mahAvIra ne saMgraha kA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai balki AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha na karane ko kahA hai| isake do phalitArtha hai - eka to ki vyakti apane lie jitanA Avazyaka ho utanA hI utpAdana kare aura niSkriya bana jAya dUsarA yaha ki apane lie jitanA Avazyaka ho utanA to utpAdana kare hI aura dUsaroM ke lie jo Avazyaka ho usakA bhI utpAdana kare / yaha dUsarA artha hI abhISTa hai / jainadharma puruSArthaM pradhAna dharma hai ataH vaha vyakti ko niSkriya va akarmaNya banAne kI zikSA nahIM detA / rASTrIya utpAdana meM vyakti kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA ko jainadarzana svIkAra karatA hai para vaha utpAdana zoSaNa, jamAlorI aura Arthika viSamatA kA kAraNa na bane. isakA viveka rakhanA Avazyaka hai| sarakArI kAnUna kAyade to isa dRSTi se samaya-samaya para banate hI rahate haiM para, jaina sAdhanA meM vrata -niyama, tapa tyAga aura dAna davA ke mAdhyama se isa para niyantraNa rakhane kA vidhAna hai| tapoM meM vaiyAvRtya arthAt sevA ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| isI sevA bhAva se dharma kA sAmAjika pakSa umaratA hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne zikSA, cikitsA, chAtravRtti, vidhavA sahAyatA Adi ke rUpa meM aneka TrasTa khar3e kara rASTra kI mahAna sevA kI hai| hamAre yahAM zAstroM meM paisA arthAt rupayoM ke dAna kA vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai / yahA~ vizeSa mahatva rahA hai- AhAradAna, jJAnadAna, auSadhadAna aura abhayadAna kA svayaM bhUkhe raha kara dUsaroM ko bhojana karAnA puNya kA kArya mAnA gayA hai| anazana arthAta bhUkhA rahanA apane prANoM ke prati moha chor3anA, prathama tapa kahA gayA hai para dUsaroM ko bhojana, sthAna, vastra Adi denA, unake prati mana se zubha pravRtti rakhanA, vANI se hitakArI vacana bolanA aura zarIra se zubha vyApAra karanA tathA samAja seviyoM va loka sevakoM kA Adara-satkAra karanA bhI puNya mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta kisI kA bhojana-pAnI se viccheda karanA - bhattapANabucchae, aticAra, pApa mAnA gayA hai / mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA hai-jaise jIvita rahane kA hameM adhikAra hai jaise hI anya prANiyoM ko bhI / jIvana kA vikAsa saMgharSa para nahIM, sahayoga para hI AdhArita hai / jo prANI jitanA adhika unnata aura prabuddha hai, usameM usI anupAta meM sahayoga aura tyAgavRtti kA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai / manuSya sabhI prANiyoM meM zreSTha hai / isa nAte dUsaroM ke prati sahayogI bananA usakA mUla svabhAva hai / antaHkaraNa meM sevA bhAva kA udaka tabhI hotA hai jaba "Atmavat sarvabhUteSu" jaisA udAtta vicAra zeSa sRSTi ke sAtha AtmIya sambandha jor3a pAtA hai| isa sthiti meM jo sevA kI jAtI hai| vaha eka prakAra se sahaja sphUrti sAmAjika dAyitva hI hotA hai| lokakalyANa ke liye apanI sampatti visarjita kara denA eka bAta hai aura svayaM sakriya ghaTaka bana kara sevA kAryoM meM juTa jAnA dUsarI bAta hai| pahalA sevA kA nakArAtmaka rUpa hai jabaki dUsarI meM sakArAtmaka rUpa isameM sevA vratI "slIpiMga pArTanara" bana kara nahIM raha sakatA, use sajaga praharI bana kara rahanA hotA hai /
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________________ 306 munidvaya abhinandana grantha zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM pAMcavAM parigraha parimANa vrata sevA ke nakArAtmaka pahalU ko sUcita karatA hai jabaki bArahavAM atithi saMvibhAga vrata sevA ke sakArAtmaka pahala ko ujAgara karatA hai| __ loka sevaka meM saralatA, sahRdayatA aura saMvedanazIlatA kA guNa honA Avazyaka hai| sevAvratI ko kisI prakAra kA aham na chU pAe aura vaha sattAlipsu na bana jAe, isa bAta kI satarkatA padapada para baratanI jarUrI hai| vinaya ko jo dharma kA mUla kahA gayA hai, usakI arthavattA isa saMdarbha meM bar3I gaharI hai| lokasevA ke nAma para apanA svArtha sAdhane vAloM ko mahAvIra ne isa prakAra cetAvanI dI hai asaMvibhAgI asaMgaharUI appamANabhoI se tArisae nArAhae vayamiNaM / arthAt-jo asaMvibhAgI hai-jIvana sAdhanoM para vyaktigata svAmitva kI sattA sthApita kara dUsaroM ke prakRti pradatta saMvibhAga ko nakAratA hai, asaMgraha ruci-jo apane lie hI saMgraha karake rakhatA hai aura dUsaroM ke lie kucha bhI nahIM rakhatA, apramANamojI-maryAdA se adhika bhojana evaM jIvanasAdhanoM kA svayaM upabhoga karatA hai, vaha ArAdhaka nahIM virAdhaka hai| 4. dharma nirapekSatA-svatantratA, samAnatA aura loka-kalyANa kA bhAva dharma-nirapekSatA kI bhUmi meM hI phala-phUla sakatA hai| dharma nirapekSatA kA artha dharmarahitatA na hokara asAmpradAyika bhAvanA aura sArvajanIna samabhAva se hai| hamAre deza meM vividha dharma aura dharmAnuyAyI haiM / ina vividha dhoM ke anuyAyiyoM meM pArasparika sauhArda, sammAna aura aikya kI bhAvanA banI rahe, sabako apaneapane DhaMga se upAsanA karane aura apane dharma kA vikAsa karane kA pUrNa avasara mile tathA dharma ke AdhAra para kisI ke sAtha bhedabhAva yA pakSapAta na ho isI dRSTi se dharma-nirapekSatA hamAre saMvidhAna kA mahattvapUrNa aMga banA hai| dharma nirapekSatA kI isa arthabhUmi ke abhAva meM na svatantratA Tika sakatI hai aura na samAnatA aura na loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA panapa sakatI hai / jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne samyatA ke prArambha meM hI zAyada yaha tathya hRdayaMgama kara liyA thaa| isIlie unakA sArA cintana dharma nirapekSatA arthAt sArvajanIna samabhAva ke rUpa meM hI calA / isa sambandha meM nimnalikhita tathya vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai (1) jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne apane nAma para dharma kA nAmakaraNa nahIM kiyaa| jaina zabda bAda kA zabda hai / ise samaNa (zramaNa), ahaMta aura nirgrantha dharma kahA gayA hai| zramaNa zabda samabhAva, zramazIlatA aura vRttiyoM ke upazamana kA paricAyaka hai / arhat zabda bhI guNavAcaka hai jisane pUrNa yogyatApUrNatA prApta karalI hai vaha hai-arhat / jisane saba prakAra kI granthiyoM se chuTakArA pA liyA hai vaha hai nirgrantha / jinhoMne rAga-dveSa rUpa zatruoM-Antarika vikAroM ko jIta liyA hai ve jina kahe gaye haiM aura unake anuyAyI jaina / isa prakAra jainadharma kisI vizeSa vyakti, sampradAya yA jAti kA paricAyaka na hokara una udAtta jIvana AdarzoM aura sArvajanIna bhAvoM kA pratIka hai jinameM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmopamya maitrIbhAva nihita hai| (2) jainadharma meM jo namaskAra mantra hai, usameM kisI tIrthakara, AcArya yA guru kA nAma lekara vandanA nahIM kI gaI hai| usameM paMca parameSThiyoM ko namana kiyA gayA hai-namo arihaMtANaM namo siddhANaM, namo AyariyANaM, namo uvajjhAyANaM, namo loe savvasAhUNaM / arthAt jinhoMne apane zatruoM para vijaya prApta karalI hai, una arihantoM ko namaskAra ho; jo saMsAra ke janma-ma cakra se chUTakara zuddha paramAtmA bana gae haiM una siddhoM ko namaskAra ho; jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa Adi AcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karate haiM aura dUsaroM se karavAte haiM una AcAryoM ko namaskAra
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________________ jainadarzana meM janatAMtrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattva 307 ho; jo AgamAdi jJAna ke viziSTa vyAkhyAtA hai aura jinake sAnnidhya meM rahakara dUsare adhyayana karate haiM, una upAdhyAyoM ko namaskAra ho; loka meM jitane bhI satpuruSa haiM una sabhI sAdhuoM ko namaskAra ho, cAhe ve kisI jAti, dharma, mata yA tIrtha se sambandhita hoN| kahanA na hogA ki namaskAra mantra kA yaha guNaniSTha AdhAra jainadarzana kI udAracetA sArvajanIna bhAvanA kA merudaNDa hai| (3) jaina-darzana ke Atma-vikAsa arthAt mukti ko sampradAya ke sAtha nahIM balki dharma ke sAtha jor3A hai| mahAvIra ne kahA kisI bhI paramparA yA sampradAya meM dIkSita, kisI bhI liMga meM strI ho yA puruSa, kisI bhI veza meM sAdhu ho yA gRhastha, vyakti apanA pUrNa vikAsa kara sakatA hai| usake lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha mahAvIra dvArA sthApita dharmasaMgha meM hI dIkSita ho / mahAvIra ne azra tvA kevalI ko jisane kabhI bhI dharma ko sunA bhI nahIM, parantu citta kI nirmalatA ke kAraNa, kevalajJAna kI kakSA taka pahuMcAyA hai| pandraha prakAra ke siddhoM meM anyaliMga aura pratyekabuddha siddhoM ko jo kisI sampradAya yA dhArmika paramparA se prerita hokara nahIM, balki apane jJAna se prabuddha hote haiM sammilita kara mahAvIra ne sAmpradAyikatA kI nissAratA siddha kara dI hai| vastutaH dharma-nirapekSatA kA artha dharma ke satya se sAkSAtkAra karane kI taTastha vRtti se hai| nirapekSatA arthAta apane lagAva aura dUsaroM ke dvaSa-bhAva se pare rahane kI sthiti? isI artha meM janadarzana meM dharma kI vivecanA karate hue vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA hai| jaba mahAvIra se pUchA gayA ki Apa jise nitya, dhrava aura zAzvata dharma kahate haiM, vaha kaunasA hai-taba unhoMne kahA-kisI prANI ko mata mAro, upadrava mata karo, kisI ko paritApa na do aura kisI ko svatantratA kA apaharaNa na kro| isa dRSTi se jo dharma ke tattva hai prakArAntara se ve hI janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattva haiN| upayukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA se prArambha se hI apane tatkAlIna sandarbho meM sampRkta rahA hai| usakI dRSTi janatantrAtmaka pariveza meM rAjanatika kSitija taka hI sImita nahIM rahI hai| usane svatantratA aura samAnatA jaise janatAntrika mUlyoM ko lokabhUmi meM pratiSThita karane kI dRSTi se ahisA, anekAnta aura aparigraha jaise mUlyavAna sUtra diye haiM aura vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika dharAtala para dharma-siddhAntoM kI manovijJAna aura samAjavijJAna sammata vyavasthA dI hai| isase nizcaya hI sAmAjika aura Arthika kSetra meM sAMskRtika svarAjya sthApita karane kI dizA milatI hai /