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________________ 0 O 262 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa *********** jainadarzana kI nikSepa-paddhati ++++++ * upAdhyAya zrI madhukara muni sAMsArika saMracanA ke maulika AdhAra do haiM--ajIva aura jIva / inameM se ajIva jJeya hai / vaha jJAtA ke jJAna ke dvArA jAnA, dekhA jAtA hai aura prayoga-vyavahAra meM AtA hai / yaha sAmarthya usameM nahIM hai ki kabhI bhI jAnane dekhane Adi kI yogyatA, kSamatA prApta kara ske| jabaki jIva jJAtA hai, vizva ke sampUrNa padArthoM kA jJAtA, dRSTA aura unako apane vyavahAra meM upayoga karane kA adhikArI hai / avasthA kI dRSTi se jIva ke bhI do bheda haiM, saMsArI aura mukta | mukta jIva to trikAlavartI padArthoM ke svatantrajJAtA dRSTA haiM / lekina saMsArI jIvoM ko to apane pratyeka vyavahAra meM padArthoM kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| ve binA unake apanA vyavahAra nahIM calA sakate haiN| padArtha ke binA lena-dena nahIM hotA hai, jAnanA dekhanA nahIM hotA / isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki samUcA vyavahAra padArtha-Azrita hai| lekina padArtha aneka haiM / unakA eka sAtha vyavahAra nahIM hotA hai / ve apanI-apanI paryAyoM se pRthak-pRthak haiM ataH unakI pahicAna bhI alaga-alaga honI cAhie / saMsArI jIvoM meM mAnava zreSThatama hai / use anubhUti aura abhivyakti karane kI vizeSa kSamatA prApta hai / pazu anubhUti to karate haiM, lekina bhASA kI spaSTatA na hone se ve use yathArtharUpa meM abhivyakta nahIM kara pAte haiM / jabaki mAnava apanI anubhUti- vicAroM ko bhASA ke mAdhyama se samyak prakAreNa vyakta kara sakatA hai| vizva kA koI bhI vyavahAra binA bhASA ke nahIM cala sktaa| pArasparika vyavahAra ko acchI taraha se calAne ke liye bhASA kA avalambana evaM zabda prayoga kA mAdhyama anivArya hai| vizva meM hajAroM bhASAyeM haiM aura una-unake apane lAkhoM zabda haiM / ataH bhASA ke jJAna ke liye zabdajJAna aura zabdajJAna ke liye bhASA kA parijJAna honA jarUrI hai| kisI bhI bhASA kA sahI bodha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba hama unake zabdoM kA samucita prayoga karanA sIkheM ki yaha zabda kisa Azaya ko vyakta karane ke liye prayukta huA hai / zabdaprayoga padArtha ke liye kiyA jAtA hai / svarUpa kI dRSTi se padArtha aura zabda meM koI tAdAtmya nahIM hai / donoM apanI-apanI sthiti meM svatantra haiM / lekina kisa zabda se kauna-sA padArtha samajhanA, isa samasyA ko sulajhAne ke liye saMketa paddhati kA vikAsa huA, padArthoM kA nAmakaraNa huaa| kahane ke liye padArtha meM zabda kI aura zabda meM padArtha kI sthApanA huii| jisase zabda aura artha paraspara sApekSa bana gaye / samasyAoM ke samAdhAnArtha donoM paraspara kar3I se kar3I jaise eka-dUsare se jur3akara zrRMkhalAbaddha ho gye| donoM kA Apasa meM vAcya vAcaka sambandha bana gayA ki amuka zabda isa padArtha kA vAcaka aura yaha padArtha isa zabda kA vAcya hai / zabda aura artha kA yaha vAcya vAcaka sambandha bhinnAbhinna hai / bhinna isaliye hai ki agni padArtha aura agni zabda eka nahIM hai / kyoMki agni zabda kA uccAraNa hone para jIbha meM dAha nahIM hotA / abhinna isaliye hai ki agni zabda se agni padArtha kA hI bodha hotA hai, anya padArtha kA nhiiN| bheda svabhAva-kRta hai aura abheda saMketa-janya / lekina saMketa zabda aura padArtha ko ekasUtra meM jor3a detA hai / ataH vaktA dvArA prayukta zabda kA niyata artha kyA hai ? kisa padArtha ke liye yaha zabda prayukta huA hai ? isako ThIka rUpa meM samajhane kA kArya nikSepa paddhati hai / nikSepa kI paribhASA : 'nikSepa' yaha jainadarzana kA eka lAkSaNika zabda hai / padArthabodha ke kAraNoM meM se nikSepa bhI eka kAraNa hai / ataH jainadArzanikoM ne vividha prakAra se nikSepa kI lakSaNAtmaka vyAkhyAyeM kI haiN| jaise ki 'yukti mArga se prayojana
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________________ jainadarzana kI nikSepapaddhati vazAt jo vastu ko nAma Adi cAra bhedoM meM kSepaNa kara sthApita kare use nikSepa kahate haiM / athavA vastu kA nAma Adika meM kSepa karane yA dharohara rakhane ko bhI nikSepa kahate haiM / athavA saMyama, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya meM avasthita vastu ko unase nikAla kara jo nizcaya meM kSepaNa karatA hai, use bhI nikSepa kahate haiM / 3 arthAt jo anirNIta vastu kA nAmAdika dvArA nirNaya karAye, vaha nikSepa hai / athavA aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa karake prakRta kA nirUpaNa karanA nikSepa kahalAtA hai / athavA zabda kA artha meM aura artha kA zabda meM Aropa karanA yAnI jo zabda aura artha ko kisI eka nizcaya yA nirNaya meM sthApita karatA hai, use nikSepa kahate haiM / ukta sabhI lakSaNoM kA sArAMza yaha hai ki jisake dvArA vastu kA jJAna meM kSepaNa vastu meM jina prakAroM se AkSepa kiyA jAye, use nikSepa kahate haiM / kSepaNa kriyA ke do rUpa dene vAlI zabda racanA yA artha kA zabda meM Aropa karanA / yaha kArya vaktA ke abhiprAya vizeSa para AdhArita hai / 263 * kiyA jAye yA upacAra se haiM- prastuta artha kA bodha nikSepa kA paryAyavAcI zabda 'nyAsa " hai / jisakA prayoga tattvArthasUtra meM huA hai aura tattvArtha rAjavAtika meM 'nyAso nikSepaH " ina zabdoM dvArA usakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| nyAsa (nikSepa) kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai upAyo nyAsa ucyate / nAmAdika ke dvArA vastu meM bheda karane ke upAya ko nyAsa yA nikSepa kahate haiM / nikSepa kA AdhAra nikSepa kA AdhAra padArtha hai / cAhe phira vaha padArtha pradhAna, apradhAna, kalpita yA akalpita kaisA bhI kyoM na ho / bhAva akalpita dRSTi hai / ataH vaha pradhAna hotA hai, jabaki zeSa tIna nikSepa kalpita hone se apradhAna haiN| kyoMki nAma meM vastu kI pahicAna hotI hai| sthApanA meM AkAra kI bhAvanA hotI hai, guNa kI vRtti nahIM hotI hai / dravya meM mUla vastu nahIM, kintu isakI pUrva yA uttara dazA yA usase sambandha rakhane vAlI anya koI vastu hotI hai / isameM bhI maulikatA nahIM hai ataH ye tInoM amaulika haiM, maulika nahIM / nikSapa nirdeza kA kAraNa aura prayojana : jagata meM maulika astittva yadyapi dravya kA hai aura paramArtha artha saMjJA bhI isI guNa-paryAya vAle dravya ko dI jAtI hai lekina vyavahAra kevala paramArtha mAtra se nahIM cala sakatA / ataH vyavahAra ke liye padArthoM kA zabda, jJAna aura artha ina tIna prakAroM se nikSepa kiyA jAtA hai / zabdAtmaka artha kA AdhAra hai padArtha kA nAmakaraNa mAtra aura tadAkAra sadbhAvarUpa yA atadAkAra asadbhAva rUpa meM padArtha kI sthApanA karanA / jJAnAtmaka artha, sthApanA- nikSepa meM aura zabdAtmaka artha nAmanikSepa meM antarbhUta hotA hai / lekina paramArtha artha dravya aura bhAva haiM / jo padArtha kI kAlika paryAya meM hone vAle vyavahAra ke AdhAra banate haiM tathA zAbdika vyavahAra zabda se / isa prakAra samasta vyavahAra kahIM zabda, kahIM artha aura kahIM sthApanA arthAt jJAna se calate haiM / isIliye nikSepa padArtha aura zabda prayoga kI saMgati kA sUtrAdhAra hai| ise samajhe binA bhASA ke vAstavika artha ko samajhA nahIM jA sakatA / jisase usa sthiti meM ayukta padArtha yukta aura yukta padArtha ayukta pratIta hotA hai / kisa zabda kA kyA artha hai, yaha nikSepavidhi dvArA vistAra se batalAyA jAtA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki zrotA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM--avyutpanna zrotA sampUrNa vivakSita padArtha ko jAnane vAlA zrotA aura eka deza vivakSita padArtha ko jAnane vAlA zrotA / ukta tInoM prakAra ke zrotAoM meM se avyutpanna zrotA yadi paryAya (vizeSa) ko jAnane kA icchuka hai to use prakRta viSaya kI vyutpatti ke dvArA aprakRta viSaya ke nirAkaraNa ke liye athavA vaha dravya ( sAmAnya ) ko jAnane kA icchuka hai to prakRta viSaya ke prarUpaNa hetu tathA dUsare va tIsare prakAra ke zrotAoM ko yadi padArtha ke bAre meM saMdeha yA viparyAya ho to saMdeha dUra karane va nirNaya ke liye nikSepoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / nikSepa bhASA aura bhAva, vAcya aura vAcaka kI saMgati hai / ise jAne binA bhASA ke yathArtha Azaya ko adhigata nahIM kara sakate / artha sUcaka zabda ke pIche padArtha kI sthiti ko spaSTa karane vAlA jo vizeSaNa lagatA hai yahI nikSepa paddhati kI vizeSatA hai| nikSepa ke dvArA padArtha kI sthiti ke anurUpa zabda racanA yA zabda prayoga kI jo zikSA milatI hai, vahI vANI - satya kA mahAna tatva hai / isIliye dUsare zabdoM meM ise savizeSaNa bhASA prayoga bhI kaha sakate haiN| bhale hI adhika abhyAsa dazA meM vizeSaNa kA prayoga na bhI kiyA jaaye| kintu vaha vizeSaNa garbhita avazya rahatA kA prasaMga A sakatA hai / jaise ki hai / yadi isa apekSya dRSTi kI ora dhyAna na deM to kadama-kadama para asatya bhASaNa
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________________ / 264 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa mmmmmanene +++++ormer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++ jo kabhI rAjya karatA thA vaha Aja bhI rAjA hai-yaha prayoga asatya mAnA jAyegA aura bhrAmaka bhii| ataeva nikSepa dRSTi kI apekSAoM ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha vidhi apane meM jitanI gambhIratA liye hue hai, utanI hI vyAvahArika bhI hai / jaise ki nAma-eka nirdhana vyakti ko lakSmInArAyaNa kahate haiM / sthApanA-eka pASANa pratimA ko bhI loga deva kahate haiN| dravya-jisameM kabhI ghI rakhA jAtA thA, use Aja bhI vI kA ghar3A kahate haiM, athavA bhaviSya meM kabhI ghI rakhA jAegA yA ghI rakhane kA ghar3A banane vAlA hai, vaha bhI ghI kA ghar3A kahalAtA hai| eka vyakti vaidya hai, cikitsA karane meM nipuNa hai kintu vartamAna meM vyApAra karatA hai, to bhI loga use vaidya kahate haiN| bhAva-bhautika aizvarya kA adhipati saMsAra meM indra nAma se aura Atma aizvarya kA adhikArI lokottara jagata meM indra kahalAtA hai / isa taraha ke sampUrNa vyavahAra kA kAraNa nikSepa paddhati hai / pramANa, naya va nikSepa meM antara : padArtha ke samyag jJAna ko pramANa aura jJAtA ke abhiprAya vizeSa ko naya kahate haiM / pramANa ke dvArA sampUrNa vastu jAnI jAtI hai aura naya vastu ke eka deza ko jAnatA hai| kintu ina donoM dvArA nirNIta, jJAta padArtha nikSepa kA viSaya hai| nikSepa nAmAdika ke dvArA vastu ke bheda karane kA upAya hai| pramANa, naya aura nikSepa meM viSaya-viyIbhAva aura vAcya-vAcaka sambandha hai| yAnI pramANa, naya viSayI haiM aura nikSepa unakA viSayavAcya hai / pramANa va nayoM ke dvArA padArthoM meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva rUpa se jo eka prakAra kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha nikSepa haiM / zabda aura artha meM jo vAcya-vAcakatA kA sambandha hai, usameM padArtha ko sthApita karane kI kriyA kA nAma nikSepa hai ki amuka zabda ke dvArA yahI padArtha vAcya hai, grahaNa karane yogya hai Adi kI vRtti nikSepa dvArA hI hotI hai| pramANa, naya jJAnAtmaka haiM aura nikSepa jJa yAtmaka / pramANa, naya ke dvArA jo jAnA jAtA hai, usa padArtha ke astitva kI abhivyakti nikSepa dvArA hotI hai ki nAmAdi prakAroM meM se vaha kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM avazya hai| nikSepa kA phala : ___ aprastuta artha ko dUra kara prastuta artha ko prakaTa karanA, usakA bodha karAnA nikSepa kA phala hotA hai| isIlie anuyogadvAra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai-nikSepa pUrvaka artha kA nirUpaNa karane se usameM spaSTatA AtI hai, ata: artha kI spaSTatA usakA prakaTa phala hai| aprastuta kA nirAkaraNa karake prastuta kA bodha karAne se saMzaya Adi doSoM kA nirAkaraNa aura tattvArtha kA avadhAraNa hotA hai-yathArtha nizcaya hotA hai|" upAdhyAya zrIyazovijayajI ne nikSepa ke Azaya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki zabda kI apratipatyAdivyavacchedaka artha racanA ko nikSepa kahate haiN| yAnI nikSepa kA phala apratipattisaMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya, ajJAna Adi kA vyavaccheda-nirAkaraNa hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM ki nikSepa kA Azraya lene se saMzaya kA nAza, ajJAna kA kSaya hotA hai aura viparyaya anadhyavasAya to rahatA hI nahIM hai| pramANa ke dvArA sampUrNa vastu aura naya ke dvArA vastu-aMza jAnA jAtA hai, tattvArtha kA nizcaya hotA hai, lekina nikSepa kI AvazyakatA isaliye hai ki vaha zabda ke niyata artha ko samajhane-samajhAne kI eka paddhati hai / zabda kA uccAraNa hone para usake aprakRta (anabhipreta, anicchita, AvAMcchanIya) artha ke nirAkaraNa aura prakRta artha ke nirUpaNa meM nikSepa kI upayogitA hai| pramANa aura naya ke dvArA yadi aprakRta artha ko jAna bhI liyA jAye to bhI vaha vyavahAra meM upayogI nahIM ho sakatA hai / kyoMki mukhya artha aura gauNa artha kA vibhAga hone para bhI vyavahAra kI siddhi hotI hai / aura mukhya tathA gauNa kA bheda samajhanA nAma Adi nikSepoM ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| isaliye nikSepa ke binA tatvArtha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / 12 bhaTTa akalaMka ne nikSepa vidhi kI upayogitA aura usake phala ke bAre meM vicAra karate hue 'siddhi vinizcaya' antha meM spaSTa kahA hai-"kisI dharmI meM naya ke dvArA jAne hue dharmoM kI yojanA karane ko nikSepa kahate haiN|" nikSepa ke ananta bheda haiM, kyoMki padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hai, kintu saMkSepa meM kahA jAye to usake cAra bheda haiM / aprastuta kA nirAkaraNa karake prastuta kA nirUpaNa karanA usakA uddezya hai / dravyArthika aura paryAyAthika naya ke dvArA jIva-ajIva Adi tattvoM ko jAnane kA kAraNa nikSepa hai / nikSepa ke dvArA sirpha tattvArtha kA jJAna hI nahIM hotA, apitu saMzaya-viparyaya Adi bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM / nikSepoM ko tattvArtha ke jJAna kA hetu isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha zabdoM meM, yathAzakti unake
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________________ jainadarzana ko nikSepapaddhati 265 . vAcyoM meM bheda kI racanA karatA hai| isIlie jJAtA ke zruta viSayaka vikalpoM kI upalabdhi ke upayoga meM Ane vAle nikSepa prayojanavAna, phalaprada haiN| nikSepa ke bheda : padArtha kI ananta avasthAe~ hone se yadi vistAra meM jAyeM to kahanA hogA ki vastu-vinyAsa ke jitane bhI krama haiM utane hI nikSepa haiM, lekina saMkSepa meM kama-se-kama cAra bheda haiM 1. nAma, 2. sthApanA, 3. dravya, 4. bhAva / / ina cAroM meM una ananta nikSepoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / arthAt saMkSepa meM nikSepa ke pUrvokta nAma Adi cAra bheda haiM aura vistAra se ananta / SaTkhaNDAgama ke vargaNA nikSepa prakaraNa meM nAma-vargaNA, sthApanA-vargaNA dravyavargaNA, kSetravargaNA, kAlavargaNA, bhAvavargaNA ke bheda se nikSepa ke chaha bheda batalAye haiN| lekina ye vizeSa vivecana ke vistAra kI apekSA se bheda kiye gaye haiM / sAmAnyatayA to nAma, sthApanA dravya, bhAva ye cAra bheda hI mAne jAte haiN| pahale yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki naya aura nikSepa kA viSaya-viSayI bhAva sambandha hai| naya jJAnAtmaka hai aura nikSepa jJayAtmaka / ataH nAma, sthApanA aura dravya ye tIna nikSepa dravyAthika naya ke viSaya haiM aura bhAva nikSepa paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya hai / kyoMki bhAva nikSepa paryAya (vizeSa) rUpa hai, jisase use paryAyAthika naya kA viSaya mAnA jAtA hai, jabaki zeSa tIna dravya (sAmAnya) rUpa hone se dravyAthika naya ke viSaya haiN| naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ina tIna dravyAthika nayoM meM cAroM nikSepa tathA RjusUtra naya meM sthApanA ke atirikta tIna nikSepa sambhava hai / jabaki tInoM zabda nayoM (zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta) meM nAma aura bhAva ye do hI nikSepa hote haiN| yadyapi bhAvanikSepa paryAyAthika naya kA viSaya hai, lekina kathaMcit vaha dravyAthika naya kA bhI viSaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi zuddha dravyArthika nayoM meM to bhAvanikSepa nahIM bana sakatA hai, kyoMki bhAva nikSepa meM vartamAna kAla ko chor3akara anya kAla prApta nahIM hai, parantu jaba vyaMjana paryAyoM kI apekSA bhAva meM dravya kA sadbhAva svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai taba azuddha dravyAthika nayoM meM bhAva nikSepa bana jAtA hai / isIlie upacAra se bhAvanikSepa ko dravyAthika naya kA viSaya bhI kaha sakate haiM parantu mukhya rUpa se vaha bhI paryAyAthika naya kA viSaya hai / isa prakAra se nikSepa paddhati ke sambandha meM vicAra karane ke bAda aba usake nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva, ina cAroM bhedoM ke lakSaNoM va unake uttara bhedoM ko batalAte haiN| nAma nikSepa: ___ saMjJA ke anusAra jisameM guNa nahIM hai aisI vastu meM vyavahAra ke lie apanI icchA se kI gaI saMjJA ko nAmanikSepa kahate haiM / arthAt vyavahAra kI suvidhA ke lie vastu kA jo icchAnusAra nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha nAma nikSepa hai| nAma sArthaka aura nirarthaka donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| jaise ki sArthaka nAma indra hai aura nirarthaka nAma distha hai / nAma mUla artha se sApekSa bhI va nirapekSa bhI, donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai, kintu jo nAmakaraNa saMketa mAtra ke lie hotA hai, jisameM jAti, guNa, dravya, kriyA Adi kI apekSA nahIM hotI, vaha nAma nikSepa hai / jaise ki 'eka nirakSara vyakti kA nAma vidyAsAgara rakha diyA / eka nirdhana vyakti kA nAmakaraNa lakSmIpati kara diyaa| lekina vidyAsAgara aura lakSmIpati kA jo artha honA cAhie vaha unameM nahIM milatA hai| una donoM vyaktiyoM meM ina donoM zabdoM kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / vidyAsAgara kA artha hai-vidyA kA samudra aura lakSmIpati kA artha hai dhana-sampatti kA svAmI / vidyA kA sAgara hone se kisI ko vidyAsAgara kahA jAye aura jo lakSmI aizvarya Adi kA pati hai use lakSmIpati kahA jAye to yaha nAma nikSepa nahIM hai| kintu jo aise nahIM haiM, unakA nAmakaraNa karanA nAmanikSepa hai| yadi nAma ke sAtha isI prakAra ke guNa bhI vidyamAna hoM to hama unako 'bhAva vidyAsAgara' aura 'bhAva lakSmIpati' kheNge| 'nAma vidyAsAgara' aura 'nAma lakSmIpati' aisI zabda racanA hameM batAtI hai ki ye vyakti nAma se vidyAsAgara aura lakSmIpati haiN| yadi nAma nikSepa nahIM hotA to hama vidyAsAgara, lakSmIpati Adi nAma sunakara agAdha vidvattAsampanna evaM dhanadhAnya, aizvarya yukta vyakti ko hI samajha lene ko bAdhya hote, parantu aisA hotA nahIM hai| kyoMki saMjJAmUlaka zabda ke pIche nAma vizeSaNa lagate hI sahI sthiti sAmane A jAtI hai ki ina zabdoM kA vAcya jaba guNa kI vivakSApUrvaka arthAnukUla nahIM hotA, taba nAma nikSepa hI vivakSita samajhanA caahie| nAma nikSepa ke bAre meM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki vyakti kA jo nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usI se use
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________________ ___266 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa sambodhita karate haiM, kintu usake paryAyavAcI anya zabdoM se usakA kathana nahIM hotA / jaise kisI vyakti kA nAma yadi 'indra' rakhA gayA to use surendra, devendra Adi paryAyavAcI nAmoM se sambodhita nahIM kareMge aura na vaha vyakti bhI ina zabdoM ko sunakara apane ko sambodhita kiyA gayA samajha skegaa| sthApanA nikSepa : jo artha tadrUpa nahIM hai, use tadrUpa mAna lenA sthApanA nikSepa hai / arthAt yaha vahI hai isa prakAra anya vastu meM buddhi ke dvArA anya kA AropaNa karanA sthApanA nikSepa hai|' sthApanA do prakAra kI hotI hai-tadAkAra aura atadAkAra / ataH sthApanA nikSepa ke bhI do bheda haiM-tadAkAra sthApanA nikSepa, atadAkAra sthApanA nikSepa / inheM sadbhAva-sAkAra sthApanA aura asadmAva-anAkAra sthApanA bhI kahate haiN| vAstavika paryAya se pariNata vastu ke samAna banI huI anya vastu meM usakI sthApanA karanA tadAkAra sthApanA hai| jaise ki eka vyakti apane guru ke citra ko guru mAnatA hai, devadatta ke citra ko devadatta mAnatA hai to yaha tadAkAra sthApanA hai / asalI AkAra se zUnya vastu meM 'yaha vahI hai' aisI sthApanA kara lene ko atadAkAra sthApanA kahate haiM jaise ki zataraMja ke moharoM meM hAthI, ghor3A Adi kI kalpanA karanA atadAkAra sthApanA hai| nAma aura sthApanA nikSepa donoM yadyapi vAstavika artha se zUnya hote haiM, lekina donoM meM yaha antara hai ki sthApanA meM nAma avazya hogA kyoMki binA nAmakaraNa ke sthApanA nahIM ho sakatI, parantu jisakA nAma rakhA hai, usako sthApanA ho bhI aura na bhI ho| nAma aura sthApanA donoM nikSepoM meM saMjJA dekhI jAtI hai, binA nAma rakhe sthApanA ho hI nahIM sakatI hai to bhI sthApanA meM sthApita vastu ke prati jo Adara, sammAna, anugraha Adi kI pravRtti hotI hai, usa prakAra kI pravRtti kevala nAma meM nahIM hotii| dravya nikSepa - atIta, anAgata aura anupayoga avasthA, ye tInoM vivakSita kriyA meM pariNata nahIM hotI haiM isalie inako dravya nikSepa kahate haiM / loka vyavahAra meM vAcanika prayoga vicitra aura vividha prakAra kA hotA hai / ataH vartamAna paryAya kI zUnyatA ke uparAnta bhI jo vartamAna paryAya se pahacAnA jAtA hai yahI isameM dravyatA kA Aropa hai, jisase kisI samaya bhUtakAlIna sthiti kA vartamAna meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to kisI samaya bhaviSyakAlIna sthiti kA vartamAna meM prayoga hotA hai| jaise ki bhaviSya meM rAjA banane vAle bAlaka ko rAjA kahanA athavA jo rAjA dIkSita hokara zramaNa avasthA meM vidyamAna hai, use bhI rAjA kahanA, yaha dravya nikSepa kA prayoga hai / isa prakAra ke vacana prayoga hama dainika jIvana meM dekhate haiM / ve prayoga asatya nahIM mAne jAte / unakI satyatA kA niyAmaka dravya nikSepa hai| dravya nikSepa kA kSetra atyanta vizAla, vistRta hai / ataH isake mUla bheda, unake avAntara bheda aura unake bhI uttara bhedoM kI apekSA se aneka bheda haiM, lekina sAmAnya rUpa meM dravya nikSepa ke Agama dravya nikSepa aura noAgama dravya nikSepa-yaha do mUla bheda haiM / jo jIvaviSayaka yA manuSya jIva viSayaka zAstra yA anya kisI zAstra kA jJAtA hai, kintu vartamAna meM usa upayoga se rahita hai use Agama dravya nikSepa kahate haiM, tathA pUrvokta Agama dravya kI AtmA kA usake zarIra meM Aropa karake usa jIva ke zarIra ko hI jo Agama dravya kaha diyA jAtA hai, yaha noAgama dravya nikSepa hai / arthAt Agama dravya nikSepa meM upayoga rUpa Agama jJAna nahIM hotA hai, kintu labdhirUpa (zaktirUpa) hotA hai aura noAgama dravya nikSepa meM donoM prakAra kA Agama jJAna-upayoga aura labdhi rUpa-nahIM hotA hai sirpha Agama jJAna kA kAraNabhUta zarIra hotA hai / Agama dravya meM jIva dravya kA grahaNa hotA hai aura noAgama meM usake AdhArabhUta zarIra kA / kyoMki jIva meM Agama saMskAra honA sambhava hai kintu zarIra meM vaha sambhava nahIM hai| yahI Agama aura noAgama dravya nikSepa meM antara hai| noAgama dravya nikSepa ke tIna bheda haiM-1 jJazarIra (jJAyaka zarIra) 2 bhavya zarIra 3 tad vyatirikta / noAgama dravya nikSepa ke bheda-prabhedoM kA kathana isa prakAra kiyA hai-mUla meM tIna bheda haiM-jJAyaka zarIra, bhAvI, tadvyatirikta / jJAyaka zarIra ke tIna bheda-bhUta, vartamAna, bhAvI / bhUta jJAyaka zarIra ke tIna bheda-cyuta, cyAvita va tyakta / tyakta jJAyaka zarIra tIna prakAra kA hai-bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginI, pAdapopagamana / Agama dravya nikSepa ke nau bheda-sthita, jina, paricita, vAcanopagata, sUtrasama, arthasama, granthasama, nAmasama, choSasama / jisa zarIra meM rahakara AtmA jAnatA-dekhatA, jJAna karatA thA vaha 'jJa zarIra' yA jJApaka zarIra hai| jaise -- 0
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________________ kisI vidvAna jJAnI paMDita ke mRta zarIra ko dekhakara use jJAnI kahA to vaha 'jJa zarIra' noAgama dravya nikSepa kA prayoga hai / jisa zarIra meM rahakara AtmA bhaviSya meM jAnane vAlI hai, vaha bhavya zarIra yA bhAvI zarIra hai / jaise kisI bAlaka ke vilakSaNa zArIrika lakSaNoM ko dekhakara use jJAnI yA tyAgI kahanA 'bhavya zarIra' noAgama dravya nikSepa hai / tadvyaktirikta meM zarIra nahIM kintu zArIrika kriyA ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki prathama do bhedoM meM zarIra kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| ataH zArIrika kriyA ko tad vyatirikta kahate haiM / isameM vastu kI upakAraka sAmagrI meM bhI vastu vAcI zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaise ki kisI munirAja kA dharmopadeza ke samaya hone vAlI hasta Adi kI ceSTAyeM / noAgama tadvyatirikta ko kriyA kI apekSA dravya kahate haiN| yaha tIna prakAra kA hai jainadarzana kI nikSepa-paddhati 267 laukika, kuprAvacanika, lokottara | 20 1 laukika mAnyatAnusAra 'zrIphala' (nAriyala) maMgala hai | 2 kuprAvacanika mAnyatAnusAra vinAyaka maMgala hai / 3 lokottara mAnyatAnusAra jJAna darzana- cAritra rUpa dharma maMgala hai | isa prakAra bhAva zUnyatA, vartamAna paryAya kI zUnyatA hone para bhI vartamAna paryAya se pahicAnane ke lie jo dravyatA kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, yahI dravya nikSepa kA hArda hai / bhAva nikSepa vartamAna paryAya se yukta vastu ko bhAva kahate haiM 21 aura zabda ke dvArA usa paryAya yA kriyA meM pravRtta vastu kA grahaNa honA bhAva nikSepa hai / isa nikSepa meM pUrvApara paryAya ko chor3akara vartamAna paryAya se upalakSita dravya kA hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / bhAva nikSepa ke bhI dravya nikSepa ke samAna mUla meM do bheda haiM- 1. Agama bhAva, 2. noAgama bhAva / jo AtmA jIva viSayaka zAstra ko jAnatA hai aura usake upayoga se yukta hai, vaha Agama bhAva nikSepa hai / arthAt adhyApaka, adhyApaka zabda ke artha meM upayukta ho, kAryazIla ho taba vaha Agama bhAva nikSepa se adhyApaka kahalAtA hai / kriyA-pravRtta jJAtA kI kriyAeM noAgama se bhAva nikSepa haiN| jaise ki adhyApaka apane adhyApana kArya meM lagA huA haiM to usa samaya usake dvArA hone vAlI hasta Adi kI ceSTAeM - kriyAeM noAgama se bhAva nikSepa haiM / * Agama bhAva nikSepa aura noAgama bhAva nikSepa meM yaha antara hai ki jIvAdi viSayoM ke upayoga se sahita AtmA to usa jIvAdi Agama bhAva rUpa kahA jAtA hai aura usase bhinna noAgama bhAvarUpa hai jo ki jIva Adi paryAyoM se AviSTa sahakArI padArtha Adi svarUpa se vyavasthita ho rahA hai / noAgama bhAva nikSepa meM 'no' zabda dezavAcI hai / kyoMki yahA~ adhyApaka kI kriyA rUpa aMza noAgama hai / isake bhI tIna rUpa haiM- laukika, kuprAvacanika aura lokottara / noAgama tad vyatirikta dravya nikSepa ke laukika Adi tIna bheda batAye haiM aura noAgama bhAva nikSepa ke bhI ukta laukika Adi tIna rUpa kahe haiM / parantu ina donoM meM yaha antara hai ki dravya nikSepa meM 'no' zabda sarvathA Agama kA niSedha pradarzita karatA hai jabaki bhAva nikSepa meM 'noM' zabda kA eka deza se niSedha kA saMketa hai / 22 dravya tadvyatirikta kA kSetra to kevala kriyA hai / aura bhAvatadvyatirikta kA kSetra jJAna aura kriyA donoM haiN| adhyApaka hAtha kA saMketa karatA hai, pustaka kA pRSTha palaTatA hai Adi, yaha kriyAtmaka aMza jJAna nahIM hai / isalie bhAva meM 'nau' zabda se dezaniSedhavAcI hai / bhAva nikSepa kA sambandha kevala vartamAna paryAya se hI hai-ataH isake dravya nikSepa ke samAna jJAyaka zarIra Adi bheda nahIM hote haiM / dravya nikSepa aura bhAva nikSepa meM yaha antara hai ki donoM ke saMjJA lakSaNa Adi pRthak-pRthak haiM / 23 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dravya to bhAva rUpa pariNata hogA kyoMki usa yogyatA kA vikAsa jarUra hogA parantu bhAva, dravya ho bhI aura na bhI ho, kyoMki usa paryAya meM Age amuka yogyatA rahe bhI aura na bhI rhe| bhAva nikSepa vartamAna kI vizeSa paryAya rUpa hI hai jisase vaha nirbAdha rUpa se bheda jJAna ko viSaya kara rahA hai jabaki anvaya jJAna kA viSaya dravya nikSepa hai / usameM bhUta-bhaviSyat paryAyoM kA saMkalana hotA hai aura bhAva nikSepa meM kevala vartamAna paryAya kA hI Akalana / yahI dravya aura bhAva nikSepa meM antara hai /
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________________ 268 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa vizva meM vidyamAna sabhI padArtha kama-se-kama nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva se catuSparyAyAtmaka hote haiM / aisI koI bhI vastu nahIM jo kevala nAmamaya ho yA kevala sthApanAmaya ho, athavA dravyatAzliSTa ho athavA bhAvAtmaka ho| ataeva ye cAroM eka hI vastu ke aMza mAne jAte haiN| yadyapi vastu vinyAsa ke jitane krama haiM. utane hI nikSepa haiM aura ye nikSepa pratyeka vastu para ghaTita kiye jA sakate haiM / aisA nahIM ki kisI para ghaTita hoM aura kisI para nhiiN| yaha bAta judI hai ki inakI saMkhyA kahIM adhika aura kahIM nyUna ho sakatI haiM, to bhI nAma Adi cAra nikSepa sarvatra ghaTita hote haiM / kyoMki kisI vastu kI saMjJA nAma nikSepa hai| usakI AkRti sthApanA nikSepa, usa vastu kA mUla dravya yA bhUta-bhaviSyAt paryAya dravya nikSepa aura usakI vartamAna paryAya bhAva nikSepa hai| nikSepa vivecana ke kathana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki hamArA samasta vyavahAra paryAyAzrita hai aura padArtha kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana bhASA hai| ata: bhASA ko niyatArthaka aura padArtha ko niyata zAbdika banAne ke lie nikSepa paddhati kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai / padArtha aura zabda ko sApekSa banAne ke lie hI nikSepa paddhati kA vikAsa huA hai / nikSepa paddhati kA sarvAMgINa vizleSaNa sambhava huA to yathAsamaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA jaayegaa| sandarbha-sthala : 1 juttI sujuttamagge jaM caubheyeNa hoi khalu ThavaNaM / bajje sadi NAmAdisu taM NikkhevaM have samaye ||-bRhd nayacakra 266 2 vastu nAmAdiSu kSipatIti nikSepaH / -nayacakra 48 3 saMzayaviparyaye anadhyavasAye vA sthita stebhyo'pasArya nizcaye kSipatIti nikssepH|-dhvlaa 461,3,11226 4 Nicchae NiNNae khivadi tti Nikkheo |-dhvlaa pu0 1, pR0 10 5 nAmasthApanAdravyamAvatastannyAsaH |-tttvaarth sUtra 115 6 tattvArtha rAjavArtika 135 kI vyAkhyA 7 dhavalA 101,1,1zagA0 1017 8 aprastutArthApAkaraNAt prastutArthavyAkaraNAcca nikSepaH phalavAn / laghIyastraya svo0 vR072 & AvazyakAdizadvAnAmartho nirUpaNIyaH sa ca nikSepapUrvaka eva spaSTatayA nirUpitobhavati |-anuyogdvaar vRtti avagayaNivAraNaLaM payadassa parUvaNA NimittaM ca / saMsayaviNAsaNaTeM taccatthavadhAraNaMTheM ca ||-dhvlaa TIkA (satprarUpaNAH) 11 prakaraNAdivazenApratipattyAdi vyavacchedakaH, yathAsthAna viniyogAt zabdArtharacanAvizeSa: nikSepaH / -jaina tarka bhASA, tRtIya pariccheda 12 laghIyastraya, pR0 16 13 nikSepo'naMtakalpazca caturvidhaH prstut-vyaakriyaarthH|-siddhivinishcy nikSepapaddhati 14 naamsthaapnaadrvybhaavtstnnyaasH|-ttvaarthsuutr 115 15 natvanantA padArthAnAM nikSepo vAcyaH ityasat / nAmAdiSveva tasyAntarbhAvAtsaMkSeparUpaH / -zlokavAtika 115 shlo071|282 16 vaggaNaNikkhevetti chavihe vaggaNa-Nikkheve-NAmavaggaNA / ThavaNavaggaNA, davvavaggaNA, khettavaggaNA kAlavaggaNA, bhAvavaggaNA / / -khN014||5, 6 / sUtra 71351 17 saMjJAkarma nAma / -sarvArthasiddhi 115 // 17 // 4 18 so'yamityabhisambandhatvena anyasya vyavasthApanAmAtra sthApanA / -rAjavArtika 25 sUtra kI vyAkhyA 16 (ka) sadbhAvetarabhadena dvidhA tattvAdhiropataH / -zlokavArtika 21115 zloka 54 / 263 (kha) sAyAra iyara ThavaNA |-bR0 nayacakka 263 20 SaTkhaMDAgama Adi digambara granthoM meM tadvyatirikta noAgama dravya nikSepa ke isa prakAra bheda-prabheda batalAye haiM tavya tirikta noAgama dravya nikSepa ke do bheda-karma, naukarma / no karma tadvyatirikta ke do bheda-laukika lokottr| vartamAna tatparyAyopalakSitaM dravyaM bhAvaH / -sarvArthasiddhi 115 22 Agama savva nisehe no saddo ahava desa-paDisehe / -'no' zabda ke do artha hote haiM-sarvaniSedha aura dezaniSedha / 23 kathaMcit saMjJA svAlakSaNyAdi bhedAt tad bheda siddhH|-raajvaatik 13zaTIkA