Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina darzana kI dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana vastusvarUpa aura paryAya __paryAya kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana kI eka viziSTa avadhAraNA hai| jaina darzana kA kendrIya siddhAnta anekAntavAda hai| kintu anekAnta kA AdhAra paryAya kI avadhAraNA hai| sAmAnyatayA paryAya zabda pari+Aya: se niSpanna hai| merI dRSTi jo parivartana ko prApta hotI hai, vahI paryAya hai| rAjavArtika (1/33/1/95/6) 'pari samantAdAya: paryAya, ke anusAra jo sarva ora se navInatA ko prApta hotI hai vahI paryAya hai| yaha honA (becoming) hai| vaha sattA kI parivartanazIlatA kI yA sat ke bahu AyAmI (Multi dimentional) hone kI sUcaka hai| vaha yaha batAtI hai ki astitva prati samaya pariNamana yA parivartana ko prApta hotA hai isalie yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo svabhAva yA vibhAva rUpa pariNamana karatI hai, vahI paryAya hai| jaina darzana meM astitva yA sat ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka yA pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| utpAda-vyaya kA jo satat pravAha hai vahI paryAya hai aura jo ina parivartanoM ke svasvabhAva se cyuta nahIM hotA hai, vahI dravya hai| anya zabdoM meM kaheM to astitva meM jo arthakriyAkAritva hai, gatyAtmakatA hai, pariNAmIpana yA parivartanazIlatA hai, vahI paryAya hai| paryAya astitva kI kriyAzIlatA kI sUcaka hai| vaha parivartanoM ke sAtatya kI avasthA hai| astitva yA dravya dik aura kAla meM jina bhinna-bhitra avasthAoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai, jaina darzana ke anusAra yahI avasthAeM paryAya haiM athavA sattA kA parivartanazIla pakSa paryAya hai| buddha ke isa kathana kA ki 'kriyA hai, kartA nahIM' kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki ve kisI kriyAzIlatattva kA niSedha karate haiN| unake isa kathana kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki kriyA se bhinna kartA nahIM hai| sattA aura parivartana meM pUrNa tAdAtmya hai| sattA se bhinna parivartana aura parivartana se bhinna sattA kI sthiti nahIM hai| parivartana aura parivartanazIla anyonyAzrita haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM ve sApekSa haiM, nirepakSa nhiiN| vastutaH bauddha darzana kA sat sambandhI yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA se utanA dUra nahIM hai jitanA mAnA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM sattA ko anuccheda aura azAzvata kahA gayA hai arthAt ve bhI na use ekAnta anitya mAnate haiM aura na ekAnta nity| vaha na anitya hai aura na nitya hai jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne use
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 104 nityAnitya kahA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM kA yaha antara niSedhAtmaka athavA svIkArAtmaka bhASA-zailI kA antara hai| buddha aura mahAvIra ke kathana kA mUla utsa eka- dUsare se utanA bhitra nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama use mAna lete haiN| sat ko avyaya yA aparivartanazIla mAnane kA ekAnta pakSa aura sat ko parivartanazIla yA kSaNika mAnane kA ekAnta pakSa jaina aura bauddha vicArakoM ko svIkArya nahIM rahA hai| donoM meM mAtra antara yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne jahA~ astittva ke utpAda-vyaya pakSa arthAta paryAya pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha dhrauvyapakSa ke rUpa meM dravya ko bhI svIkRti pradAna kI hai| vahA~ bhagavAna buddha ne astittva ke parivartanazIla pakSa para hI adhika bala diyA / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki bauddha darzana kI astittva kI vyAkhyA jaina darzana kI paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke atinikaTa hai| bauddhoM ne paryAya arthAt arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti ko hI astittva mAna liyA / bauddha darzana ne parivartanazIlatA aura astittva meM tAdAtmya mAnA aura kahA ki parivartanazIlatA hI astitva hai (Becoming is real) / jaina darzana ne bhI dravya (Being) aura paryAya (Becoming) arthAt 'astittva' aura 'hone' meM tAdAtmya to mAnA kintu tAdAtmya ke sAtha sAtha donoM ke svatantra astitva ko bhI svIkAra kiyA arthAt unameM bhedAbheda mAnA / sata ke sambandha meM ekAnta parivartanazIlatA kA dRSTikoNa aura ekAnta aparivartanazIlatA kA dRSTikoNa ina donoM meM se kisI eka ko apanAne para na to vyavahAra jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava hai na dharma aura naitikatA kA koI sthAna hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki AcAramArgIya paramparA ke pratinidhi bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn buddha ne unakA parityAga Avazyaka smjhaa| mahAvIra kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unhoMne na kevala ekAnta zAzvatavAda kA aura ekAnta ucchedavAda kA parityAga kiyA apitu apanI anekAntavAdI aura samanvavAdI parasparA ke anusAra una donoM vicAradhArAoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyaa| paramparAgata dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala 'upatrei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei' yA isa tripadI kA upadeza diyA thaa| samasta jaina dArzanika vAGmaya kA vikAsa isI tripadI ke AdhAra para huA hai| paramArtha yA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kA yaha uparyukta kathana hI jaina darzana kA kendrIya tattva hai aura yahI usakI paryAya kI avadhAraNA kA AdhAra bhI hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya ye tInoM hI sat ke lakSaNa haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne sat ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai (tattvArtha,5/21), utpAda aura vyaya sat ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko batAte haiM to dhrauvya usake aMvinAzI pakSa ko| sat kA dhrauvya
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 105 guNa usake utpatti evaM vinAza kA AdhAra hai, unake madhya yojaka kar3I hai| yaha satya hai ki vinAza ke lie utpatti aura utpatti ke lie vinAza Avazyaka hai kintu utpatti aura vinAza donoM ke lie kisI aise AdhArabhUta tattva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jisameM utpatti aura vinAza kI ye prakriyAyeM ghaTita hotI haiN| yadi hama dhrauvya pakSa ko asvIkAra kareMge to utpatti aura vinAza paraspara asambandhita ho jAyeMge aura sattA aneka kSaNika evaM asambandhita kSaNajIvI tattvoM meM vibhakta ho jaayegii| ina paraspara asambandhita kSaNika sattAoM kI avadhAraNA se vyaktitva kI ekAtmakatA kA hI viccheda ho jAyegA, jisake abhAva meM naitika uttaradAyitva aura karmaphala vyavasthA hI arthavihIna ho jaayegii| isI prakAra ekAnta dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra karane para bhI isa jagat meM cala rahe utpatti aura vinAza ke krama ko samajhAyA nahIM jA sktaa| jaina darzana meM sata ke aparivartanazIla pakSa ko dravya aura gaNa tathA parivartanazIla pakSa ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| agrima pRSThoM meM hama dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke saha sambandha ke bAre meM carcA kreNge| dravya aura paryAya kA sahasambandha ___hama yaha pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki jaina parasparA meM sat aura dravya ko paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, usameM sat ke sthAna para dravya hI pramukha rahA hai| AgamoM meM sat ke sthAna para astikAya aura dravya ina do zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA gayA hai| jo astikAya hai ve nizcaya hI dravya haiN| ina donoM zabdoM meM bhI dravya zabda mukhta: anya parasparAoM ke prabhAva se jaina darzana meM AyA hai usakA apanA mUla zabda to astikAya hI hai| isameM 'asti' zabda sattA ke zAzvata pakSa kA aura kAya zabda azAzvata pakSa kA sUcaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaise sattA ko kAya zabda se sUcita karane kI paramparA zramaNa dhArA ke prakrudhakAtyAyana Adi anya dArzanikoM meM bhI rahI hai| bhagavatIsatra meM dravya pakSa kI zAzvatatA aura paryAya pakSa kI AzAzvatatA kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'davvaTThAe siya sAsayA pajjavaTThAe siya asAsayA' arthAt astittva ko dravya kI apekSA se zAzvata aura paryAya kI apekSA se azAzvata (anitya) kahA gayA hai| isa tathya kI adhika spaSTatA se citrita karate hue sanmatitarka meM AcArya siddhasena divAkara likhate haiM upajjati cayaMti A bhAvA niyameNa pajjavanayassa / davyaTThiyassa savvaM sayA aNuppanna aviNaTuM / / arthAt paryAya kI apekSA se astittva yA vastu utpanna hotI hai aura vinaSTa hotI hai, kintu dravya kI apekSA se vastu na to utpanna hotI hai aura na vinaSTa hotI hai|
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 106 umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha meM sat dravyalakSaNaM (4/ 21) kahakara sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa batAyA hai| isa paribhASA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki dravya kA mukhya lakSaNa astittva hai| jo astittvAna hai, vahI dravya hai| kinta yahA~ hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hotA hai ki dravya zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha to 'drUyate iti dravya' : ke AdhAra para utpAda vyaya rUpa astitva ko hI siddha karatA hai| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA gayA hai jo trikAla meM pariNamana karate hue bhI apane sva svabhAva kA pUrNataH parityAga na kare use hI sat yA dravya kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra (5/29) meM umAsvAti ne eka ora dravya kA lakSaNa sat batAyA to dUsarI ora sat ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka bhI btaayaa| yadi sat aura dravya eka hI hai to phira dravya ko bhI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra (5/38) meM dravya ko paribhASita karate hue use guNa, paryAya se yukta bhI kahA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne paMcAstikAyasAra aura pravacanasAra meM inhIM donoM lakSaNoM ko milAkara dravya ko paribhASita kiyA hai| paMcAstikAyasAra (10) meM ve kahate haiM ki dravya sat lakSaNa vAlA hai| isI paribhASA ko aura spaSTa karate hue pravacanasAra (15-96) meM ve kahate haiM jo aparityakta svabhAva vAlA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta tathA guNa-paryAya sahita hai, use dravya kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kundakanda ne dravya kI paribhASA ke sandarbha meM umAsvAti ke sabhI lakSaNoM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne guNaparyAyavat dravya kahakara jaina darzana ke bheda-abhedavAda ko puSTa kiyA hai| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra meM dravya kI yaha paribhASA bhI vaizeSikasUtra ke 'dravyaguNakarmabhyo'rthAntaraM sattA' (1/2/8) nAmaka sUtra ke nikaTa hI siddha hotI hai| umAsvAti ne isa sUtra meM karma ke sthAna para paryAya ko rakha diyA hai| jaina darzana ke sat sambandhI siddhAnta kI carcA meM hama yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dravya yA sattA parivartanazIla hokara bhI nitya hai| isI tathya ko mImAMsA darzana meM isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai varddhamAnakabhaMgeca, rucakaH kriyate yadA / tadApUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcAyyuttarArthinaH / / 21 / / hemArthinastumAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaMgAnAmabhAvesanmati trayam / / 22 / / na nAzena vinAzoko, notpAdena vinAsukham / sthityAvinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnya nityatA / / 23 / / mImAMsAzloka vArtika pR-61
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 107 arthAt varddhamAnaka (bAjUbaMda) ko tor3akara rucakahAra banAne meM varddhamAnaka ko cAhane vAle ko zoka, rucaka cAhane vAle ko harSa aura svarNa cAhane vAle ko na harSa aura na zoka hotA hai| usakA to mAdhyastha bhAva rahatA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki vastu yA sattA utpAda bhaMga aura sthiti rUpa hotI hai kyoMki nAza ke abhAva meM zoka, utpAda ke abhAva meM sukha (harSa) aura sthiti ke abhAva meM mAdhyastha bhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai mImAMsA darzana bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI vastu ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka mAnatA hai| pariNamana yaha dravya kA AdhArabhUta lakSaNa hai kintu isa prakriyA meM dravya apane mUla svarUpa kA pUrNataH parityAga nahIM karatA hai| sva svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA vibhinna avasthAoM ko dhAraNa karane se hI dravya ko nitya kahA jAtA hai| kintu prati kSaNa utpanna hone vAle aura naSTa hone vAle paryAyoM kI apekSA se use anitya bhI kahA jAtA hai| use isa prakAra bhI samajhAyA jAtA hai ki mRttikA apane sva-jAtIya dharma kA parityAga kiye binA ghaTa Adi ko utpanna karatI hai| ghaTa kI utpatti meM piNDa paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai| jaba taka piNDa naSTa nahIM hotA taka taka ghaTa utpanna nahIM hotA kintu isa utpAda aura vyaya meM bhI mRttikA lakSaNa yathAvat banA rahatA hai| vastuta: koI bhI dravya apane sva-lakSaNa, sva-svabhAva athavA sva-jAtIya dharma kA pUrNataH parityAga nahIM karatA hai| dravya apane guNa yA svalakSaNa kI apekSA se nitya hotA hai, kyoMki sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga sambhava nahIM hai| ata: yaha sva-lakSaNa hI vastu kA nitya pakSa hotA hai| sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga kiye binA vastu jina vibhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hotI hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiN| ye parivartanazIla paryAya hI dravya kA anitya pakSa hai| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya apane sva-lakSaNa yA guNa kI apekSA se nitya aura apanI paryAya kI apekSA se anitya kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jIva dravya apane caitanya guNa kA kabhI parityAga nahIM karatA, kintu isake cetanA lakSaNa kA parityAga ke binA vaha deva, manuSya, pazu ina vibhinna yoniyoM ko athavA bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai| jina gaNoM kA parityAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve hI guNa svalakSaNa kahe jAte haiN| yaha svalakSaNa hI dravya svarUpa hai| jina guNoM kA parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiN| paryAya badalatI rahatI haiM, kintu guNa vahI banA rahatA hai| ye paryAya bhI do prakAra kI kahI gayI haiM-1 svabhAva paryAya aura 2. vibhAva paryAya / jo paryAya yA avasthAyeM svalakSaNa ke nimitta se hotI haiM ve svabhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiM aura jo anya nimitta se hotI haiM ve vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jJAna aura darzana
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 108 (pratyakSIkaraNa) sambandhI vibhinna anubhUtiparaka avasthAyeM AtmA kI svabhAva paryAya haiN| kyoMki ve AtmA ke sva-lakSaNa upayoga se phalita hotI haiM, jabaki krodha Adi kaSAya bhAva karma ke nimitta se yA dUsaroM ke nimitta se hotI haiM, ataH ve vibhAva paryAya haiN| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ina guNoM aura paryAyoM kA adhiSThAna yA upAdAna to dravya svayaM hI hai / dravya guNa aura paryAyoM se abhinna hai, ve tInoM paraspara sApekSa haiN| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne sanmatitarkaprakaraNa meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai, dravya se rahita guNa aura paryAya kI sattA nahIM hai| sAtha hI guNa aura paryAya se rahita dravya kI bhI sattA nahIM hai| davvaM pajjava viuaM davva viuttA pajjavA natthi / uppAdaTTi bhaMgA hadi daviya lakkhaNaM eyaM / / sanmatitarka 12 arthAt dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM tadAtmya hai, kintu isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki astittva kI apekSA se unameM tAdAtmya hai kintu vicAra kI apekSA se ve pRthak-pRthak haiN| hama unheM alaga-alaga kara nahIM sakate kintu una para alaga-alaga vicAra sabhava hai| bAlapanA, yuvAvasthA yA bur3hApA vyakti se pRthak apanI sattA nahIM rakhate haiM- phira bhI ye tInoM avasthAeM eka dUsare se bhinna haiN| yahI sthiti dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI hai| guNa aura paryAya kA sahasambandha : dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH guNa dravya ke svabhAva yA sva-lakSaNa hote haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne dravyAzrayA nirguNAguNAH (5/40) kahakara yaha batAyA hai ki guNa dravya meM rahate haiM, para ve svayaM nirguNa hote haiN| guNa nirguNa hote haiM yaha paribhASA sAmAnyatayA Atma- - virodhI sI lagatI kintu isa paribhASA kI mUlabhUta dRSTi yaha hai ki yadi hama guNa kA bhI guNa mAneMge to phira anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga AyegA / Agamika dRSTi se guNa kI paribhASA isa rUpa meM kI gayI hai ki guNa dravya kA vidhAna hai yAni usakA sva-lakSaNa hai jabaki paryAya dravya vikAra hai / guNa bhI dravya ke samAna hI avinAzI hai| jisa dravya kA jo guNa hai vaha usameM sadaiva rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya kA jo avinAzI lakSaNa hai athavA dravya jisakA parityAga nahIM kara sakatA hai vahI guNa hai| guNa vastu kI sahabhAvI avasthAoM kA sUcaka hai| phira bhI guNa kI ye avasthAyeM arthAt guNa-paryAya badalatI haiN| dravya ke samAna hI guNoM kI paryAya hotI haiM jo guNa ko bhI parivartanazIlatA ko sUcita karatI haiN| jIva meM cetanA kI avasthAe~ badalatI haiM phira bhI cetanA guNa banA rahatA hai| -
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 109 ve vizeSatAeM yA lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai ve viziSTa guNa kahe jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dharma -dravya kA lakSaNa gati meM sahAyaka honA hai| adharma-dravya kA lakSaNa sthiti meM sahAyaka honA hai / jo sabhI dravyoM kA avagAhana karatA hai unheM sthAna detA hai, vaha AkAza kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra parivartana kAla kA aura upayoga jIva kA lakSaNa hai| ata: guNa ve haiM jisake AdhAra para hama kisI dravya ko pahacAnate haiM aura usakA anya dravya se pRthaktva sthApita karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana (28/11-12) meM jIva aura pudagala ke aneka lakSaNoM kA bhI citraNa huA hai| usameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya evaM upayoga ye jIva ke lakSaNa bAtaye gaye haiM aura zabda, prakAza, andhakAra, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi ko pudgala kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dravya aura guNa vicAra ke stara para hI alaga-alaga mAne gaye haiM lekina astittva kI dRSTi se ve pRthak-pRthak sattAe~ nahIM haiN| guNoM ke sandarbha meM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kucha guNa sAmAnya hote haiM aura ve sabhI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiM aura kucha guNa viziSTa hote hai, jo kucha hI dravyoM meM pAye jAte haiN| jaise-astittva lakSaNa sAmAnya hai jo sabhI dravya meM pAyA jAtA hai kintu cetanA Adi kucha guNa aise haiM jo kevala jIva dravya meM pAye jAte haiM, ajIva dravya meM unakA abhAva hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kucha gaNa sAmAnya aura kucha viziSTa hote haiN| sAmAnya guNoM ke AdhAra para jAti yA varga kI pahacAna hotI hai| ve dravya yA vastuoM kA ekatva pratipAdita karate haiM, jabaki viziSTa guNa eka dravya kA dUsare se antara sthApita karate haiN| guNoM ke sandarbha meM carcA karate hue hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki aneka guNa sahabhAvI rUpa se eka hI dravya meM rahate haiN| isIlie jaina darzana meM vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka kahA gayA hai / vizeSa guNoM kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha ki ve dravya vizeSa kI vibhinna paryAyoM meM bhI bane rahate haiN| jIvoM kI cetanA paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, phira bhI unakI parivartanazIla cetanA paryAyoM meM cetanA guNa aura jIva dravya banA rahatA hai| __ koI bhI dravya guNa se rahita nahIM hotaa| dravya aura guNa kA vibhAjana mAtra vaicArika stara para kiyA jAtA hai, sattA ke stara para nhiiN| guNa se rahita hokara na to dravya kI koI sattA hotI hai na dravya se rahita guNa kI / ata: sattA ke stara para guNa aura dravya meM abheda hai, jabaki vaicArika stara para donoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki dravya aura guNa anyonyAzrita haiN| dravya ke binA guNa kA astittva nahIM hai aura guNa ke binA dravya kA astittva nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtra (5/40) meM guNa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki sva guNa
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 110 ko chor3akara jinakA anya koI guNa nahIM hotA arthAt jo nirguNa hai vahIM guNa hai| dravya aura guNa ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara jaina parasparA meM hameM tIna prakAra ke sandarbha prApta hote haiN| Agama graMthoM meM dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/6) meM dravya ko guNa kA Azraya sthAna mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtrakAra ke anusAra guNa dravya meM rahate haiM arthAt dravya guNoM kA Azraya sthala hai kintu yahA~ Apatti yaha ho sakatI hai ki jaba dravya aura gaNa kI bhinna-bhinna sattA hI nahIM hai to unameM Azraya-AzrayI bhAva kisa prakAra hogA? vastuta: dravya aura guNa ke sambandha ko lekara kiyA gayA yaha vivecana mUlata: vaizeSika paramparA ke samIpa lagatA hai| jainoM ke anusAra siddhAntata: to Azraya-AzrayI bhAva unhIM do tattvoM meM ho sakatA hai jo eka-dUsare se pRthak sattA rakhate haiN| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pUjyapAda Adi kucha AcAryoM ne 'guNAnAM samUho davyo' athavA 'guNasamudAyo dravyamiti' kahakara kara dravya ko guNoM kA saMghAta mAnA hai| jaba dravya aura guNa kI alaga-alaga sattA hI mAnya nahIM hai, to vahA~ unake tAdAtmya ke atirikta anya koI sambandha mAnane kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| anya koI sambandha mAnane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ve eka dUsare se pRthak hokara apanA astitva rakhate haiN| yaha dRSTikoNa bauddha avadhAraNA ke samIpa hai| yaha saMghAtavAda kA hI apararUpa hai jabaki jaina paramparA saMghAtavAda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| vastuta: dravya ke sAtha guNa aura paryAya ke sambandha ko lekara tattvArthasUtrakAra ne jo dravya kI paribhASA dI hai, vahI adhika ucita jAna par3atI hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ke anusAra jo guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai| vaicArika stara para to guNa dravya se bhinna haiM aura usa dRSTi se unameM Azraya-Azrayo bhAva bhI dekhA jAtA hai kintu astitva ke stara para dravya aura guNa eka-dUsare se pRthak (vivikta) sattAe~ nahIM haiM ata: unameM tAdAtmya bhI hai| isa prakAra guNa aura dravya meM kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha ho sakatA hai| DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya jaina-darzana (pR0 144) meM likhate haiM ki guNa se dravya ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA isalie, vaha dravya se abhinna hai| kintu prayojana Adi bheda se usakA vibhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, ata: ve bhitra bhI haiN| eka hI pudgala paramANu meM yugapat rUpa se rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi aneka guNa rahate haiN| anubhUti ke stara para rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi pRthak-pRthak guNa haiN| ata: vaicArika stara para kevala eka guNa na kevala dUsare guNa se bhinna hai apitu usa stara para yaha dravya se bhI bhinna kalpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| puna: guNa apanI pUrva paryAya ko chor3akara uttara paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura isa prakAra vaha parivartita hotA rahatA hai kintu usameM yaha paryAya parivartana dravya se bhinna hokara nahIM hotaa| paryAyoM meM hone vAle parivartana vastutaH dravya ke hI parivartana haiN|
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 111 paryAya aura guNa ko chor3akara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| paryAyoM aura guNoM meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke bIca jo eka avicchinnatA kA niyAmaka tattva hai, vahI dravya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka pudgala paramANu ke rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ke guNa badalate rahate haiM aura usa guNa parivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa usakI paryAya bhI badalatI rahatI hai, kintu ina parivartita hone vAle gaNoM aura paryAyoM ke bIca bhI eka tattva hai jo ina parivartanoM ke bIca bhI banA rahatA hai, vahI dravya hai| pratyeka dravya meM prati samaya svAbhAvika guNa kRta aura vaibhAvika guNa kRta arthAt paryAyakRta utpAda aura vyaya hote rahate haiN| yaha saba usa dravya kI sampatti yA svarUpa hai| isalie dravya ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| dravya ke sAtha-sAtha usake guNoM meM bhI utpAda, vyaya hotA rahatA hai| jIva kA guNa cetanA hai usase pRthak hone para jIva jIva nahIM rahegA, phira bhI jIva kI cetana anubhUtiyA~ sthira nahIM rahatI haiM, ve prati kSaNa badalatI rahatI haiN| ata: guNoM meM bhI utpAda-vyaya hotA rahatA hai| puna: vastu kA svalakSaNa kabhI badalatA nahIM hai ata: guNa meM dhrauvyatva pakSa bhI hai| ata: guNa bhI dravya ke samAna utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya lakSaNa yukta hai| guNa meM jo utpAda-vyaya yA avasthAntaraNa hotA hai, use hama guNa kI paryAya kahate haiN| jisa prakAra koI bhI dravya paryAya ke binA nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra koI bhI guNa paryAya se rahita nahIM hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya evaM guNa meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartana hI paryAya kahalAte haiN| pratyeka dravya prati samaya eka viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| apane pUrva kSaNa kI avasthA kA tyAga karatA hai aura eka nUtana viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA hai inheM hI dravya kI paryAya kahate haiM dravya-paryAya svavargIya aneka dravyAzrita hotI hai, jabaki guNa paryAyeM eka dravyAzrita hotI haiN| yahA~ eka prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki yadi dravya guNa saMghAta (samudAya) rUpa hai to phira dravya aura guNa kI alaga-alaga paryAya mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki dravya ke skandha, deza, pradeza tathA paramANu rUpa bhI haiM ata: dravya kI skandha, deza, pradeza yA paramANu rUpa paryAya arthAt usake AkAra Adi dravya paryAya haiN| dravya meM anantAnanta gaNa hote haiM aura una guNoM meM prati samaya hone vAlI SaT gaNa hAni vRddhi guNa paryAya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka miTTI kA ghar3A hai, vaha mRtikA rUpa pudgala dravyoM kI AkRti hai yaha AkRti dravya paryAya hai kintu yaha kAlA yA lAla hai-yaha kAlA yA lAla honA gaNa paryAya hai| jisa prakAra jalatI haI dIpazikhA meM prati kSaNa jalane vAlA tela badalatA rahatA hai, phira bhI dIpaka yathAvat jalatA rahatA hai| usI prakAra pratyeka dravya satata rUpa se parivartana yA pariNamana ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI dravyatva yathAvat rahatA hai| dravya meM honevAlA yaha parivartana yA pariNamana
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 112 hI usakI paryAya hai| eka vyakti janma letA hai, bAlaka se kizora aura kizora se yuvaka, yuvaka se praur3ha aura praur3ha se vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| janma se lekara mRtyu kAla taka pratyeka vyakti ke deha kI zArIrika saMracanA meM tathA vicAra aura anubhUti kI caitasika avasthAoM meM parivartana hote rahate haiN| usameM prati kSaNa honevAle ina parivartanoM ke dvArA vaha jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAyeM prApta karatA hai, ve hI paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki paryAya jaina darzana kA viziSTa zabda hai| jaina darzana ke atirikta anya kisI bhI bhAratIya darzana meM paryAya kI yaha avadhAraNA anupasthita hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA kI yaha yAtrA koI aisI ghaTanA nahIM hai jo eka hI kSaNa meM ghaTita ho jAtI hai| balki yaha saba kramika rUpa se ghaTita hotA rahatA hai, hameM usakA patA hI nahIM cltaa| yaha prati samaya honevAlA parivartana hI paryAya hai / paryAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha avasthA vizeSa hai| dArzanika jagat meM paryAya kA jo artha prasiddha huA hai, usameM Agama meM kiMcit bhinna artha meM paryAya zabda kA prayoga huA hai dArzanika granthoM meM dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNAma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai tathA guNa evaM paryAya se yukta padArtha ko dravya kahA gayA hai| vahA~ para eka hI dravya yA vastu kI vibhinna paryAyoM kI carcA hai| Agama meM paryAya kA nirUpaNa dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNamana ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| Agama meM to eka padArtha jitanI avasthAoM meM prApta hotA hai . unheM usa padArtha kA paryAya kahA gayA haiN| jaise jIva kI paryAya hai- nAraka, deva, manuSya, tiryaMca, siddha Adi / prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya pada meM jIva dravya aura ajIva dravya aura unake vibhinna prakAroM kI paryAyoM arthAt avasthAoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana hai| isameM una dravyoM ko sAmAnya apekSA se sambhAvita kitanI paryAyeM hotI haiM isakI bhI carcA hai| paryAya dravya kI bhI hotI hai aura guNa kI bhI hotI hai| guNoM kI paryAyoM kA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra meM isa prakAra huA hai- eka guNa kAlA, dviguNa kAlA yAvat ananta guNa kaalaa| isa prakAra kAle guNa kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| isI prakAra nIle, pIle, lAla evaM sapheda varNoM kI paryAya bhI ananta hotI haiN| varNa kI bhA~ti gandha, rasa, sparza ke bhedoM kI bhI eka guNa se lekara ananta guNa taka kI paryAyeM hotI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ekatva, pRthaktva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga aura vibhAga ko paryAya kA lakSaNa kahA hai| eka paryAya kA dUsare paryAya ke sAtha dravya kI dRSTi se ekatva ( tAdAtmya) hotA hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se donoM paryAya eka-dUsare se pRthak hotI haiN| saMkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI paryAyoM meM bheda hotA hai| isI prakAra saMsthAna arthAt AkRti
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 113 kI dRSTi se bhI paryAya-bheda hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina darzana meM hama jise paryAya kahate haiM use maharSi pataMjali ne mahAbhASya ke pazapAzAhnika meM AkRti kahA hai| ve likhate haiM 'dravya nityamAkRtiranityA' / jisa paryAya kA saMyoga (utpAda) hotA hai usakA vinAza bhI nizcita rUpa se hotA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI paryAya se rahita nahIM hotaa| phira bhI dravya kI ve paryAyeM sthira bhI nahIM rahatI haiM ve prati samaya parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne paryAya parivartana kI ina ghaTanAoM ko dravya meM hone vAle utpAda aura vyaya ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA hai| dravya meM prati kSaNa pUrva paryAya kA nAza yA vyaya tathA uttara paryAya kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai| utpAda aura vyaya kI ghaTanA jisameM yA jisake sahAre ghaTita hotI hai yA jo parivartita hotA hai, vahI dravya hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya meM bhI kathaMcit tAdAtmya isa artha meM hai paryAya se rahita hokara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| dravya kI paryAya badalate rahane para bhI dravya meM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI aisA nahIM hotA ki vaha paryAya se rahita ho| siddhasena divAkara kA kathana hai ki na to paryAyoM se pRthak hokara dravya apanA astittva rakha sakatA hai aura na dravya se pRthaka hokara paryAya kA hI koI astittva hotA hai| sattAtmaka stara para dravya aura paryAya alaga-alaga sattAe~ nahIM haiN| ve tattvata: abhinna haiM kintu dravya ke bane rahane para bhI paryAyoM kI utpatti aura vinAza kA krama ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| yadi paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura vinaSTa hotI hai, to use dravya se kathaMcit bhinna bhI mAnanA hogaa| jisa prakAra bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA vyakti se pRthaka kahIM nahIM dekhI jAtI / ve vyakti meM hI ghaTita hotI haiM aura vyakti se abhitra hotI haiM kintu eka hI vyakti meM bAlyAvasthA kA vinAza aura yuvAvasthA kI prApti dekhI jAtI hai| ata: apane vinAza aura utpatti kI dRSTi se ve paryAyeM vyakti se pRthak hI kahI jA sakatI haiN| vaicArika para pratyeka paryAya dravya se bhinnatA rakhatI hai / saMkSepa meM tAtvika stara para yA sattA kI dRSTi se hama dravya aura paryAya ko alaga-alaga nahIM kara sakate, ata: ve abhinna haiM / kintu vaicArika stara para dravya aura paryAya ko paraspara pRthak mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki paryAya utpanna hotI haiM aura naSTa hotI haiM, jabaki dravya banA rahatA hai,ata: ve dravya se bhinna bhI hotI haiM aura abhinna bhI ! jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra dravya aura paryAya kI yaha kathaMcit abhitratA aura kathaMcit bhinnatA unake anekAMtika dRSTikoNa kI paricAyaka haiN| paryAya ke prakAra (ka) jIva paryAya aura ajIva paryAya paryAyoM ke prakAroM kI Agamika AdhAroM para carcA karate hue dravyAnuyoga
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 114 ( pR038) meM upAdhyAya zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI ma0sA0 kamala likhate haiM ki prajJApanA (sUtra) meM paryAya ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM-- 1. jIva paryAya aura 2. ajIva paryAya! ye donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM ananta hotI haiN| jIva paryAya kisa prakAra ananta hotI hai, isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nairayika, bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka, vaimAnika, pRthvIkAyika, aSkAyika tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika, dvindriya, trendriya, caturIndriya tiryaJcayonika aura manuSya ye sabhI jIva asaMkhyAt haiM, kintu vanaspatikAyika aura siddha jIva to ananta haiM, isalie jIva paryAyeM ananta haiN| isI prakAra ajIva pudgala Adi rUpa hai, punaH pudgala skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu rUpa hotA hai, sAtha hI usameM varNa, gandha, rasa, rUpa aura sparza guNa hote haiM, phira inake bhI aneka AvAntara bheda hote haiM, sAtha hI pratyeka guNa ke bhI aneka aMza (Degrees) hote haiM, ataH ina vibhinna aMzoM aura unake vibhinna saMyogoM kI apekSA se pudgala Adi ajIva dravyoM kI bhI ananta paryAye hotI haiN| jinakA vistRta vivecana prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya pada meM kiyA gayA hai| (kha) arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya punaH paryAya do prakAra kI hotI hai- 1. arthaparyAya aura 2. vyaMjanaparyAya | eka hI padArtha kI pratikSaNa meM parivartita hone vAlI kramabhAvI paryAyoM ko artha paryAya kahate haiM tathA padArtha kI usake vibhinna prakAroM evaM bhedoM meM jo paryAya hotI hai use vyaMjana kahate haiN| artha paryAya sUkSma evaM vyaMjana paryAya sthUla hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki dhavalA (4/1/5.4/337/6) meM dravya paryAya ko hI vyaMjjana paryAya kahA gayA hai| aura guNa paryAya ko hI artha paryAya bhI kahA gayA hai / dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki yadi vyaJjana paryAya hI dravya paryAya aura artha paryAya hI guNa paryAya hai to phira inheM pRthak-pRthak kyoM batAyA gayA hai, isa uttara yaha hai ki pravAha kI apekSA se vyaJjana paryAya cirakAyika hotI hai, jaise jIva kI cetana paryAya sadaiva banI rahatI hai cAhe cetana avasthAeM badalatI raheM, isake viparIta artha paryAya guNoM aura unake aMzoM kI apekSA se prati samaya badalatI rahatI hai| vyaJjana paryAya sAmAnya hai, jaise jIvoM kI cetanA paryAyeM jo sabhI jIvoM meM aura sabhI kAloM meM pAI jAtI haiN| ve dravya kI sahabhAvI paryAyeM haiM aura artha paryAya vizeSa hai jaise kisI vyakti vizeSa kI kAla vizeSa meM hone vAlI krodha Adi kI kramika avasthAeM, ataH artha paryAya kramabhAvI haiM, ve kramika rUpa se kAla krama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI haiM ataH kAlakRta bheda ke AdhAra para unheM dravya paryAya aura paryAya se pRthak kahA gayA hai| guNa
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 115 (ga) UrdhvaparyAya aura tiryakaparyAya paryAya ko Urdhva paryAya evaM tiryaka paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke aneka manuSyoM kI apekSA se manuSyoM kI jo ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM. ve tiryak paryAya kahI jAtI haiN| jabaki eka hI manuSya ke trikAla meM prati kSaNa hone vAle paryAya pariNamana ko Urdhva paryAya kahA jAtA hai| tiryak abheda meM bheda grAhI hai aura Urdhva paryAya bheda meM abheda grAhI hai| yadyapi paryAya dRSTi bhedagrAhI hI hotI hai, phira bhI apekSA bheda se yA upacAra se yaha kahA gayA hai| dUsare rUpa meM tiryak paryAya dravya sAmAnya ke dik gata bheda kA grahaNa karatI hai aura Urdhva paryAya dravya-vizeSa ke kAlagata bhedoM ko| (gha) svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya dravya meM apane nija svabhAva kI jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve svabhAva paryAya kahI jAtI haiM aura para ke nimitta se jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve vibhAva paryAya hotI haiN| jaise karma ke nimitta se AtmA ke jo krodhAdi kaSAya rUpa pariNamana haiM ve vibhAva paryAya haiM aura AtmA yA kevalI kA jJAtA-draSTA bhAva svabhAva paryAya hai| jIvita zarIra pudgala kI vibhAva paryAya hai aura varNa, gandha Adi svabhAva paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla kI vibhAva paryAya nahIM hai| ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza Adi ko upacAra se AkAza kA vibhAva paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu yathArtha se nahIM, kyoMki AkAza akhaNDa dravya hai, usameM bheda upacAra se mAne jA sakate haiN| (3) sajAtIya aura vijAtIya dravya paryAya sajAtIya dravyoM ke paraspara milane se jo paryAya utpanna hotI hai, vaha sajAtIya dravya paryAya hai jaise samAna varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi Adi se banA skandha / isase bhinna vijAtIya paryAya hai| (ca) kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya svabhAva paryAya ke antargata do prakAra kI paryAyeM hotI haiM kAraNa zuddha paryAya aura kArya zuddha paryAya / paryAyoM meM paraspara kAraNa kArya bhAva hotA hai| jo svabhAva paryAya kAraNa rUpa hotI hai kAraNa zuddha paryAya hai aura jo svabhAva paryAya kArya rUpa hotI hai ve kArya zuddha paryAya haiM, kintu yaha kathana sApekSa rUpa se samajhanA cAhie kyoMki jo paryAya kisI kA kAraNa hai, vahI dUsarI kA kArya bhI ho sakatI hai| isI krama meM vibhAva paryAyoM ko bhI kArya azuddha paryAya yA kAraNa azuddha paryAya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai|
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (cha) sahabhAvI paryAya aura kramabhAvI paryAya jaba kisI dravya meM yA guNa meM aneka paryAyeM eka sAtha hotI haiM, to ve sahabhAvI paryAya kahI jAtI haiM jaise pudgala dravya meM varNa, gandha, rasa Adi rUpa paryAyoM kA eka sAtha honA / kAla kI apekSA se jina paryAyoM meM krama pAyA jAtA hai, ve krama bhAvI paryAya haiN| jaise bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA (ja) sAmAnya paryAya aura vizeSa paryAya vaise to sabhI paryAyeM vizeSa hI haiM kintu aneka dravyoM kI jo samarUpa paryAyeM haiM ve sAmAnya paryAya kahI jA sakatI haiM jaise aneka jIvoM kA manuSya paryAya meM honaa| jJAtavya hai ki paryAyoM meM na kevala mAtrAtmaka arthAt saMkhyA aura aMzoM (Degrees) kI apekSA se bheda hotA hai apita gaNoM kI apekSA se bhI bheda hote haiN| mAtrA kI apekSA se eka aMza kAlA,do aMza kAlA, ananta aMza kAlA Adi bheda hote haiM jabaki guNAtmaka dRSTi se kAlA, lAla, zveta Adi athavA khaTTA-mIThA Adi athavA manuSya,pazu, nAraka, devatA Adi bheda hote haiN| guNa aura paryAya kI vAstavikatA kA prazna jo dArzanika sattA aura guNa meM abhinnatA yA tAdAtmya ke pratipAdaka haiM aura jo parama sattA ko tattvata: advaita mAnate haiM, ve guNa aura paryAya ko vAstavika nahIM, apitu pratibhAsika mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki rUpa,rasa, gandha, sparza Adi guNoM kI parama sattA se pRthak koI sattA hI nahIM hai ye mAtra pratItiyA~ haiN| anubhava ke stara para jinakA utpAda yA vyaya hai arthAt jo parivartanazIla hai, vaha sat nahIM hai, mAtra pratibhAsa hai| unake anusAra parama sattA (brahma) nirguNa hai| isI prakAra vijJAnavAdI yA pratyayavAdI dArzanikoM ke anusAra paramANu bhI eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo vibhinna indriyoM dvArA rUpAdi vibhinna guNoM kI pratIti karAtA hai, kintu vastuta: usameM ina guNoM kI koI sattA nahIM hotI hai| ina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki rUpa,rasa,gandha,sparza Adi kI anubhUti hamAre mana para nirbhara karatI hai| ata: ve vastu ke sambandha meM hamAre manovikalpa hI haiN| unakI koI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| yadi hamArI indriyoM kI saMracanA bhinna prakAra kI hotI haiM to unase hameM jo saMvedanA hotI vaha bhI bhinna prakAra kI hotI / yadi saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM kI A~khoM kI saMracanA meM raMga aMdhatA hotI to ve saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM ko kevala zveta-zyAma rUpa meM hI dekhate aura unheM anya raMgoM kA koI bodha nahIM hotaa| lAlAdi raMgoM ke astittva kA vicAra hI nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra indradhanuSa ke raMga mAtra pratIti haiM vAstavika nahIM athavA jisa prakAra hamAre svapna kI vastue~ mAtra manokalpanAe~ haiM, usI prakAra guNa
Page #15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aura paryAya bhI mAtra pratibhAsa haiM / citta-vikalpa vAstavika nahIM haiN| kintu jaina dArzanika anya vastuvAdI dArzanikoM (Realist) ke samAna dravya ke sAtha -sAtha guNa aura paryAya ko bhI yathArtha/vAstavika mAnate haiN| unake anusAra pratIti aura pratyaya yathArtha ke hI hote haiN| jo ayathArtha ho usakA koI pratyaya (Idea) yA pratIti hI nahIM ho sakatI hai| AkAza-kasama yA parI Adi kI ayathArtha kalpanAe~ bhI do yathArtha anubhUtiyoM kA caitasika stara para kiyA gayA mizraNa mAtra hai| svapna bhI yathArtha anubhUtiyoM aura unake caittasika stara para kiye gaye mizraNoM se hI nirmita hote haiM,janmAndha ko kabhI raMgoM ke koI svapna nahIM hote haiN| ata: ayathArtha kI koI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jainoM ke anusAra anubhUti kA pratyeka viSaya apanI vAstavika sattA rakhatA hai| isase na kevala dravya apitu guNa aura paryAya bhI vAstavika (Rcal) siddha hote haiN| sattA kI isa vAstavikatA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna jaina AcAryoM ne use astikAya kahA hai| ata: utpAda-vyaya dharmA hokara bhI paryAya pratibhAsa na hokara vAstavika haiN| kramabaddha paryAya paryAyoM ke sambandha meM jo eka mahattvapUrNa prazna ina dinoM bahucarcita hai, vaha hai paryAyoM kI krmbddhtaa| yaha to sarvamAnya hai ki paryAyeM sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI hotI haiM, kintu paryAyeM kramabaddha hI haiM, yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai| paryAyeM krama se ghaTita hotI haiM, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lene para ki paryAyoM ke ghaTita hone kA yaha krama bhI pUrva niyata hai, puruSArtha ke lie koI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA hai| paryAyoM ko kramabaddha mAnane kA mukhya AdhAra jaina darzana meM pracalita sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA hai| jaba eka bAra yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sabhI dravyoM ke kAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, to isakA artha hai ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM sabhI dravyoM kI sarva paryAyeM kramabaddha aura niyata haiM, unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM hai| bhavitavyatA ko puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se badalane kI sambhavanA nahIM hai| jisakA jaisA paryAya pariNamana honA hai vaha vaisA hI hogaa| isa avadhAraNA kA eka acchA pakSa yaha hai ki ise mAna lene para vyakti bhUta aura bhAvI ke sambandha meM vyartha ke saMkalpa-vikalpa se mukta raha kara samabhAva meM raha sakatA hai dUsare usameM kartRttva kA mithyA ahaMkAra bhI nahIM hotA hai| kintu isakA durbala pakSa yaha hai ki isameM puruSArtha ke lie avakAza nahIM rahatA hai aura vyakti nirAzAvAdI aura akarmaNya bana jAtA hai| apane bhaviSya ko saMvArane kA vizvAsa bhI vyakti ke pAsa nahIM raha jAtA hai| kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda kI samarthaka hai ata: isameM naitika uttaradAyittva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| yadi vyakti apanI svatantra icchA zakti se kucha bhI anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai to
Page #16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 118 use kisI bhI acche-bure karma ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| yadyapi isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka jainadarzana ke paMcakAraNasamavAya ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para puruSArtha kI sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM karate haiN| kintu yadi unake anusAra puruSArtha bhI niyata hai aura vyakti saMkalpa svAtantrya ke AdhAra para anyathA kucha karane meM samartha nahIM haiM to use puruSArtha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai aura yadi puruSArtha niyata hai to phira vaha niyati se bhinna nahIM hai| kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA meM vyakti niyati kA dAsa banakara raha jAtA hai| cAhe paMcakAraNasamavAya ke AdhAra para kArya meM puruSArtha Adi anya kAraNa ghaTakoM kI sattA mAna bhI lI jAye to bhI ve niyata hI hogeM ata: kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda se bhinna nahIM hogii| niyativAda vyakti ko saMkalpa-vikalpa se aura kartRtva ke ahaMkAra se dUra rakhakara citta ko samAdhi to detA hai, kintu usameM naitika uttaradAyitva aura sAdhanAtmaka puruSArtha ke lie koI guMjAiza nahIM hai| yadi kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA vAle pakSa kI ora se yaha kahA jAye ki jo asarvajJa hai vaha apane bhAvI ko nahIM jAnatA hai ata:use puruSArtha karanA caahie| kintu isa kathana ko eka sujhAva mAtra kahA jAtA hai, isake pIche saiddhAntika bala nahIM hai| yadi sarvajJa ke jJAna meM merI samasta bhAvI paryAyeM niyata haiM to phira puruSArtha karane kA kyA artha raha jAtA hai| aura jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai yadi puruSArtha kI paryAyeM bhI niyata haiM to phira usake lie preraNA kA kyA artha hai ? kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA ke pakSa meM sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA ke atirikta eka anya tarka kArya kAraNa vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta kI kaThora vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI diyA jAtA hai| yadi kArya kAraNa vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta ko apane kaThora artha meM liyA jAtA hai to phira isa vyavasthA ke adhIna bhI sabhI paryAya niyata hI siddha hogii| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sarvajJatA kA jo artha paravartI jaina AcAryoM ne liyA hai, usakA aisA artha prAcIna kAla meM nahIM thaa| usa samaya sarvajJa kA artha dharmajJa thA yA adhika se adhika tAtkAlika sabhI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA jJAna thaa| bhagavatIsUtra kI yaha avadhAraNA ki "kevalI siya jANaI siya Na jANaI" se bhI sarvajJatA kA vaha artha ki sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM traikAlika paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai khaNDita hotA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne to spaSTa kahA hai ki nizcaya naya se sarvajJa AtmajJa hotA hai, sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM kI sabhI paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, yaha mAtra vyavahAra kathana hai aura vyavahAra abhUtArtha hai| isa sambandha meM paM0 sukhalAlajI, DaoN0 nagIna je0 zAha aura maiMne vistAra se carcA kI hai, yahA~ usa carcA ko doharAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai| puna: jaina karma siddhAnta meM karmavipAka meM udIraNA, saMkramaNa, apavartana aura udavartana Adi kI
Page #17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 119 jo avadhAraNAe~ haiM ve karma vyavasthA meM puruSArtha kI sambhAvanAe~ spaSTa kara detI haiN| punaH yadi mahAvIra ko kramabaddhaparyAya kI avadhAraNA mAnya hotI to phira gozAlaka ke niyativAda ke sthAna para puruSArthavAda kI sthApanA ve kyoM karate? jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai na to bhagavatI, prajJApanA Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM aura na SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa Adi digambara AgamoM meM tathA kundakunda ke granthoM meM kahIM kramabaddhaparyAya kI spaSTa avadhAraNA hai| phira bhI kramabaddha paryAya ke sambandha meM DaoN0 hukamacandra jI bhArilla kA jo grantha hai vaha darzana jagat meM isa viSaya para likhA gayA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa sambandha meM mata vaibhinya apanI jagaha hai kintu paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA ke samarthana meM sarvajJatA ko AdhAra mAna kara dI gaI unakI yuktiyA~ apanA mahattva rakhatI haiN| vistAra bhaya se isa sambandha meM gahana carcA meM na jAkara apane vaktavya ko yahI virAma denA cAhUMgA aura vidvAnoM se apekSA karUMgA ki paryAya ke sambandha meM uThAye gaye ina praznoM para jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM apanA cintana prastuta kreN|