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________________ jaina darzana kA paramANuvAda pro. DaoN. lAlacandra jaina.... jaina darzana ke ahiMsAvAda, aparigrahavAda, karmavAda, tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza jisa pustaka meM nibaddha kie gae, ve Agama anekAntavAda, syAdvAvAda, adhyAtmavAda aura paramANuvAda mUlabhUta kahalAte haiN| AgamoM meM anya siddhAntoM kI taraha paramANuvAda bhI siddhAnta haiN| inameM se katipaya siddhAntoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana upalabdha rhaa| isa prakAra siddha hai ki jaina paramANuvAda atyadhika kiyA gayA hai| paramANuvAda bhI isakI apekSA rakhatA hai| paramANuvAda prAcIna hai| jaina vAGmaya meM paramANu ke svarUpa, bheda Adi kA jaina darzana kI bhAratIya darzana ko eka mahattvapUrNa aura anupama dena sUkSma vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isa prakAra kA vivecana anyatra hai| vizva ke sAmane sarvaprathama bhAratIya cintakoM ne yaha siddhAnta arthAt bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya vAGmaya meM nahIM ho sakA hai| prastuta kiyA thaa| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki bhArata meM sarvaprathama aura jaina darzana meM paramANu kA svarUpa - paribhASAe~ kisa nikAya ke manISiyoM ne paramANa siddhAnta prastuta kiyA? jaikobi ne isa para gaharAI se vicAra karake isakA zreya jaina paramANu zabda parama + aNu ke mela se banA hai| paramANu kA manISiyoM ko diyA hai| isake bAda vaizeSika dArzanika kaNAda isa artha huA sabase utkRSTa sUkSmatama annu| dravyoM meM jisase choTA paraMparA meM Ate haiN| ema. hiriyannA ne bhI bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA dUsarA dravya nahIM hotA hai, vaha aNu kahalAtA hai| ataH aNu kA meM yahI kahA hai| aiTama kA saMskata paryAya aNa upaniSadoM meM artha sUkSma hai| aNuoM meM jo atyaMta sUkSma hotA hai vaha paramANa pAyA jAtA hai, lekina vedAnta ke lie aNa siddhAnta bAharI hai| jaisA kahalAtA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra meM jaina paramANuvAda ki hama dekheMge, bhAratIya darzana ke zeSa sampradAyoM meM se eka se adhika kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| digambara paraMparA meM bArahaveM ise mAnate haiM aura jaina darzana meM zAyada isakA rUpa prAcInatama hai| aMga dRSTivAda kA dohana karane vAle AcArya kundakunda ke pAhuDoM meM paramANu kA sarvaprathama vivecana huA hai, jisakA anukaraNa pAzcAtya dezoM meM jo dArzanika vicAradhArA upalabdha hai, anya digambara AcAyoM ne kiyA hai| * usakA bIjAropaNa sarvaprathama yUnAna (grIsa) meM IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM huA thaa| grIkadarzana ke prAraMbhika dArzanikoM ko vaijJAnika AcArya kundakunda kahanA adhika upayukta samajhA gayA hai| inameM inpeDovalIja ke AcArya kundakunda ne paramANu kI nimnAMkita paribhASA dI hai-- samakAlIna IsA se pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle lyUsIyasa aura DimAkripsa kA siddhAnta paramANuvAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| (ka) paramANu pudgala dravya kahalAtA hai| inake isa siddhAnta kI jainoM ke paramANavAda ke sAtha talanA (kha) pudgala drava kA vaha sabase choTA bhAga, jisako punaH vibhAjita prastuta kI jAegI tAki aneka prakAra kI bhrAntiyoM aura AzaMkAoM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, paramANu kahalAtA hai|' kA nirAkaraNa ho ske| (ga) skandhoM (chaha prakAra ke skandhoM) kA aMtima bheda (arthAt bhagavAna RSabhadeva jaina-dharma-darzana ke isa yuga ke pravartaka ati sUkSma) jo zAzvata, zabdahIna, eka avibhAgI aura siddha ho cuke haiN| jaina dharma meM inheM tIrthaMkara kahA jAtA hai| isa mUrtika hai, paramANu kahalAtA hai|' prakAra ke tIrthaMkara jaina dharma meM caubIsa ho cuke haiN| bhagavAna (gha) jo AdezamAtra se (guNa-guNI ke saMjJAdi bhedoM se) mUrtika tIrthaMkara aMtima tIrthaMkara the| RSabhadeva kI paraMparA se prApta jaina hai, pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ina cAra dhAtuoM kA dharma - darzana ke siddhAntoM ko I.pU. 540 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kAraNa hai, pariNAma svabhAva vAlA hai, svayaM azabdarUpa hai, saMzodhita va paramArjita karake naye rUpa meM prastuta kiyA thaa|
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________________ yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana nitya hai, na anavakAzI hai, na sAvakAzI hai, eka pradezI hai, skandhoM kA karttA hai, kAlasaMkhyA kA bheda karane vAlA hai ' jisameM eka rUpa, eka rasa, eka gandha aura do sparza hote haiM, zabda kA kAraNa hai, svayaM zabdarahita hai aura skandhoM se jo bhinna dravya hai vaha paramANu kahalAtA hai / " (Ga) jo svayaM hI Adi hai, svayaM hI madhya hai, svayaM hI anta hai, cakSu Adi indriyoM dvArA jise nahIM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura jo avibhAgI hai, vaha paramANu kahalAtA hai / " (ca) jo pRthvI Adi cAra dhAtuoM kA kAraNa hai, vaha kAraNa paramANu aura jo skandhoM ke TUTane (vibhAjya aMza) se banatA hai, vaha kArya paramANu kahalAtA hai / " AcArya umA svAmI umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM pradezarahita dravya ko arthAt jisase mAtra eka pradeza hotA hai, use aNu kahA hai| " (ka) aNuoM kI utpatti skandhoM ke TUTane se hotI hai 1 / (kha) zvetAmbara mata meM mAnya, umAsvAmI ne apane, bhASya meM kahA hai, ki paramANu Adi madhya aura pradeza se rahita hotA hai" / (ga) bhASya meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki paramANu kAraNa hI hai, antya hai (usake anantara dUsarA koI bheda nahIM hai) sUkSma hai, nitya hai, sparza rasa, gandha tathA varNa guNavAlA hai, kAryaliGga hai arthAt paramANuoM ke kAryoM ko dekha kara . usake astitva kA bodha hotA hai 2 / (gha) paramANu abaddha haiM, arthAt ve paraspara meM alaga-alaga asaMzliSTa avasthA meM rahate haiM 13 / pUjyapAdAcArya 'tattvArthasUtra ke sarvaprathama TIkAkAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne svArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA meM paramANu kI nimnAMkita paribhASAe~ dI haiM- (ka) aNu pradezarahita arthAt pradezamAtra hotA hai| kyoMki aNu ke atirikta anya koI bhI aisI vastu nahIM hai, jo aNu se bhI adhika alpa parimANavAlI arthAt choTI ho / ataH pUjyapAda ne pradeza aura aNu ko ekArtha mAnA hai" / (kha) pradezamAtra meM hone vAle sparzAdi paryAya ko utpanna karane kI sAmarthya rUpa se jo atyaMta arthAt zabdoM ke dvArA kahe jAte haiM, ve aNu kahalAte haiN|17 For Private (ga) aNu atyaMta sUkSma hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vahI Adi hai, vahI madhya aura vahI anta hai" / bhaTTa akalaMkadeva paramANu ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue sarvaprathama akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM paramANu kI sattA siddha karanA Avazyaka samajhA hai| (1) paramANu apravezI hote hue bhI khara- viSANa kI taraha astitvahIna nahIM hai, kyoMki apravezI kahane kA artha pradezoM kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM hai / apradezI kA artha hai ki paramANu eka pradezI hai| jisake pradeza nahIM hote haiM unakA astitva nahIM hotA hai, jaise- kharaviSANa / paramANu ke eka pradeza hotA hai isalie usakA astitva hai 19 / (2) paramANu kI sattA siddha karane ke lie dUsarA tarka yaha diyA hai ki jisa prakAra vijJAna kA Adi madhya aura anta nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI usakI sattA sabhI svIkAra karate haiM, usI prakAra Adi, madhya aura anta se rahita paramANu kI bhI sattA hai / ataH Adi, madhya aura anta rahita paramANu kI sattA na mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai" / isa prakAra bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne paramANu kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| grIka aura vaizeSika darzana meM paramANu kI svataMtra sattA siddha karane ke lie ukta prakAra ke pramANa upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| jahA~ bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne pUjyapAdAcArya kA anukaraNa karate hue paramANu ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai 22 / vahIM amanGramsan ? o movimoniam (3) paramANu kA astitva siddha karane ke lie tIsarA kAraNa diyA hai ki paramANu kI sattA hai, kyoMki usakA kArya dikhalAI par3atA hai | zarIra, indriya, mahAbhUta Adi paramANu ke kArya haiM, kyoMki paramANuoM ke saMyoga se unakI skandha rUpa meM racanA huI hai| kArya binA kAraNa ke nahIM hotA hai| yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai| ataH kAryaliMga ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM paramANu kA astitva siddha hotA hai" / tattvArthAdhigama bhASya meM bhI yaha tarka diyA gayA hai| Personal Use Only
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________________ unhoMne zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya meM mAnya tattvArthAdhigama sUtra ke bhASya meM diyA gayA paramANu ke svarUpa kA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA hai jo yahA~ prastuta hai yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana ( 1 ) paramANu kathaJcit kAraNa aura kathaJcita kArya svarUpa hai - tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya meM paramANu kAraNa hI hai aisA kahA gayA hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki paramANu ko kAraNameva arthAt kAraNa hI hai, aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki paramANu ekAntarUpa se kAraNa hI nahIM hai, balki kArya bhI hai| umAsvAmI ne svayaM batalAyA hai ki paramANu skandhoM ke TUTane se banate haiN| ata: paramANu kathaJcit kAraNa aura kathaJcit kAryasvarUpa hai| ( 2 ) paramANu nitya aura anitya svarUpa hai - kucha jaina, vaizeSika aura grIka dArzanikoM ne paramANu ko ekAnta rUpa se nitya hI mAnA hai| bhaTTa akalaMka kahate haiM ki paramANu ko nitya hI mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki sneha Adi guNa paramANu meM vidyamAna rahane ke kAraNa paramANu anitya bhI hai| ye sneha, rasa Adi guNa paramANu meM utpanna aura vinaSTa hote rahate haiM / paramANu dravya kI apekSA nitya aura sneha rUkSa rasa, gaMdha Adi guNoM ke utpanna vinaSTa hone kI apekSA anitya bhI hai 24 / isalie paramANu ko sarvathA nitya-nitya kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta hai ki paramANu pariNAmI hote haiM / koI bhI padArtha aparimANI nahIM hotA hai / isalie paramANu kathaJcit anitya bhI hai| (3) paramANu sarvathA anAdi nahIM hai- paramANu ko kucha dArzanika anAdi mAnate haiM, akalaMkadeva ne isa kathana kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki paramANu ko sarvathA anAdi mAnane se usase kArya nahIM ho skegaa| yadi anAdikAlIna paramANu se saMghAta Adi kAryoM kA honA mAnA jAegA to usakA svabhAva naSTa ho jaaegaa| ataH kArya ke abhAva meM vaha kAraNa rUpa bhI nahIM ho skegaa| ataH paramANu anAdi nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki aNu bhedapUrvaka hote haiM, aisA tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai| (4) paramANu niravamaya hai bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne bhI paramANu ko niravamaya kahA hai, kyoMki usameM eka rasa, eka rUpa aura eka graMtha hotI hai| ataH dravyArthika naya kI apekSA hI akalaMkadeva paramANu ko niravamaya batalAyA hai| - ne AMGAMGAM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne anekAnta siddhAnta ke AdhAra para paramANu kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| paramANu dvayaNuka Adi skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai, isalie paramANu syAtkAraNa paramANu syAtkArya hai, kyoMki skandha ke bhedana karane se utpanna hotA hai, aura vaha snigdha, rUkSa Adi kAryabhUta guNoM kA AdhAra hai| paramANu se choTA koI bheda nahIM hai, isalie paramANu syAt antya hai| yadyapi paramANu meM pradezabheda nahIM hotA hai, lekina guNabheda hotA hai, isalie paramANu nAntya hai / paramANu sUkSma parigamana karatA hai, isalie vaha syAt sUkSma hai| paramANu meM sthUla kArya karane kI yogyatA hotI hai, ataH paramANu syAt sthUla hai| paramANu dravya rUpa se naSTa nahIM hotA hai, isalie vaha syAt nitya hai| paramANu syAt anitya bhI hai, kyoMki vaha bandha aura bheda rUpa paryAya ko prApta hotA hai aura usake guNoM kA vipariNamana hotA hai| apradezI hone se paramANu meM eka rasa, eka gandha, eka varNa aura do avirodhI rasa hote haiM, aneka pradezI skandha rUpa pariNamana karane kI zakti paramANu meM hotI hai, isalie paramANu aneka rasAdi vAlA bhI hai| paramANu kAryaliGga hai, kyoMki kAryaliGga se anumeya hai, kintu pratyakSa jJAna kA viSaya hone se paramANu kAryaliGga nahIM bhI hai| isa prakAra akalaMkadeva bhaTTa ne anekAnta prakriyA ke dvArA paramANu kA lakSaNa nirdhArita kiyA hai 26 / jaina- paramANuvAda kI vizeSatAe~ aura grIka evaM vaizeSika paramANuvAda se usakI tulanA uparyukta paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para jaina paramANuvAda kI nimnAMkita vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM- ( 1 ) jaina darzana meM paramANu eka bhautika dravya hai - bhautika dravya jaina darzana meM pudgala kahalAtA hai| isakA mUla svabhAva lar3anA, galanA aura milanA hai| paramANu bhI piNDoM ( skandhoM ) kI bimbimbybumbrid ? ? permesser For Private Personal Use Only tttt
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana - taraha milate-galate haiN| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne paramANu ko pudgala mAne gae haiN| paramANu pudgala dravya kA antima bhAga hai, isalie dravya siddha karate hue kahA hai ki guNoM kI apekSA paramANu meM isameM eka rasa (amla, madhura, kaTu, kaSAya aura tikta meM se pudgalapana kI siddhi hotI hai| paramANu rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza koI eka) eka varNa, (kRSNa, nIla, rakta, pIta aura zveta meM se se yukta hote haiN| unameM eka, do, tIna, cAra, saMkhyeya, asaMkhyeya koI eka) eka gandha (sugandha aura durgandha meM koI eka virodhI) aura ananta guNarUpa hAni-vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| ataH unameM bhI do sparza, (zIta, uSNa, rUkSa, snigdha, laghu, guru, mRdu aura kaThora pUraNagalana vyavahAra mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| meM se koI do) isa prakAra paramANu meM pA~ca guNa pAye jAte haiN| ye pudagala dravya kI dUsarI paribhASA kI jAtI hai ki puruSa guNa paramANuoM ke kArya meM spaSTa dikhalAI par3ate haiN| yahA~ dhyAtavya arthAt jIva, zarIra, asahAra, viSayadaiMdriya upakaraNa ke rUpa meM hai ki jaina darzana meM dravya aura guNa vaizeSikoM kI taraha bhinna na nigalate haiM gahaNa karate haiM ve padAla kahalAte haiN| paramANaoM ko hokara abhinna mAne gae haiN| isalie paramANu kA jo pradeza hai. vahI bhI jIva skandha dazA meM nigalate haiN| ataH paramANu pudgala dravya / sparza kA aura vahI varNa kA hai| isalie vaizeSikoM kA yaha haiN| devasena ne aNu ko hI vAstava meM pudgala dravya kahA hai| kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki pRthvI ke paramANu meM sarvAdhika cAroM guNa; jala ke paramANuoM meM rUpa, rasa aura sparza; agni ke ___ jaina darzana kI taraha vaizeSika aura grIka darzana meM bhI paramANu paramANuoM ke rUpa aura sparza aura vAyu ke paramANuoM meM sparza bhautika dravya mAnA gayA hai| guNa hotA hai| vaizeSikoM kA uparyukta kathana isalie ThIka nahIM (2) paramANu avibhAjya hai - jaina darzana meM paramANu ko hai, kyoMki aisA svIkAra karane para guNa se abhinna apradezI paramANu avibhAgI kahA gayA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne batAyA hai ki pudgala hI naSTa ho jaaegaa| jainadarzana meM kinhIM bhI guNoM kI nyUnAdhikatA dravya kA vibhAjana karate-karate eka avasthA aisI avazya AtI nahIM mAnI gaI hai| pRthvI Adi cAroM dhAtuoM meM paramANu ke hai jaba usakA vibhAjana nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha avibhAgI aMza uparyukta cAroM gaNa mukhya aura gauNa rUpa se rahate haiM--pRthvI meM paramANu kahalAtA hai| sparza Adi cAroM guNa mukhya rUpa se jala meM gaMdha guNa gauNa rUpa se grIka aura vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne bhI paramANu ko jaina zeSa mukhya rUpa se, agni meM gaMdha aura rasa kI gauNatA aura zeSa dArzanikoM kI taraha avibhAjya mAnA hai| kI mukhyatA aura vAyu meM sparza guNa kI mukhyatA aura zeSa tIna kI gauNatA rahatI hai| (3) paramANu atyanta sUkSma hai - jaina dArzanikoM ne batalAyA hai ki padagala dravya ke chaha prakAra ke bhedoM meM paramANa sakSma-sakSma (6) paramANu nitya hai - jaina, vaizeSika evaM grIka darzana meM arthAt atyaMta sUkSma hotA hai|isse sUkSma dUsarA koI dravya nahIM hai| paramANu nitya mAnA gayA hai| lekina jaina-paramANuvAda kI yaha vizeSatA ___ anya paramANuvAdiyoM ne bhI paramANu ko atyanta sUkSma hai ki paramANu kI utpatti aura vinAza hotA hai, jabaki grIka aura vaizeSika dArzanika paramANu ko utpatti vinAza-rahita mAnate haiN| mAnA hai| jaina-paramANuvAda ke anusAra dravyadRSTi se paramANa nitya haiM, (4) paramANu apratyakSa hai - paramANu atyaMta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa indriyoM ke dvArA agrAhya hotA hai| grIka aura vaizeSika lekina paryAya kI apekSA ve anitya haiN| dArzanika bhI jainoM kI uparyukta bAta se sahamata haiN| lekina jainoM / paramANu eka hI prakAra ke haiM - ne paramANu ko kevala jJAna ke dvArA pratyakSa mAnA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM bhI paramANu yogiyoM dvArA pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai| grIka jaina darzana ke anusAra paramANu eka hI jAti ke haiM unameM darzana meM isa prakAra ke pratyakSa kI kalpanA nahIM kI gaI hai| guNabheda nahIM hai| grIka dArzanika bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki sabhI paramANu eka hI jar3a tattva se bane haiN| lekina vaizeSika paramANavAda (5) paramANa saguNa hai - jaina darzana aura vaizeSika darzana meM ke anasAra cAra prakAra ke haiM--pRthvI ke paramANa jala ke paramANa. paramANa saguNa mAnA gayA , isake viparIta grIka dArzanikoM ne vAya ke paramANa aura agni ke prmaann| jaina paramANavAda ke paramANu ko nirguNa mAnA hai| jaina darzana meM paramANa ke bIsa gaNa
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana - anusAra pRthvI Adi cAra dhAtuoM kI utpatti eka jAti ke ko jar3a aura acetana kahA gayA hai| grIka aura vaizeSika paramANu se huI hai| paramANuvAdiyoM kA bhI yahI mata hai| paramANu gola hai - jaina aura vaizeSika darzana meM paramANu paramANu eka hI bhautika dravya hai - jaina darzana meM paramANu kA AkAra gola batAyA gayA hai, lekina grIka paramANuvAdiyoM eka hI prakAra ke bhautika dravya pudagala ke mAne gae haiN| grIka kA mata hai ki paramANuoM kA AkAra nizcita nahIM hotA hai| ataH paramANavAdiyoM kA bhI yahI mata hai| lekina vaizeSika ne cAra AkAra kI apekSA unameM bheda hai| prakAra ke bhautika dravya ke paramANu mAne haiN| sabhI paramANa eka hI taraha ke haiM - jaina darzana meM sabhI paramANa sAvayava aura niravayava hai- jaina paramANavAda paramANuoM ko eka hI taraha kA mAnA gayA hai| grIka dArzaniko ke anasAra paramANa sAvayava aura niravayava hai| paramANu sAvayava ke matAnusAra paramANuoM meM mAtrAgata, AkAragata taula, sthAna, isalie hai ki usake pradeza hote haiN| aisA koI dravya hI nahIM ho krama aura banAvaTa kI apekSA bheda mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana kI sakatA jo sarvathA zUnya ho| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki paramANu kA yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki usameM paramANuoM meM guNa 'mAtrA' AkAra kArya sAvayava hotA hai| yadi paramANu sAvayava na hotA to usakA Adi kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM mAnA gayA hai|39 kArya bhI sAvayava nahIM honA caahie| ataH skandhoM ko sAvayava paramANa Adi madhya aura aMtahIna hai - jaina darzana meM dekhakara jJAta hotA hai ki paramANu sAvayava hai| paramANuoM ko Adi, madhya aura aMtahIna batalAyA gayA hai| grIka paramANu niravayava bhI haiM, kyoMki paramANu pradezI mAtra hai| darzana meM paramANuoM ko aisA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| grIka darzana meM kucha jisa prakAra anya dravyoM ke aneka pradeza hote haiM, usa prakAra paramANuoM ko choTA aura kucha ko bar3A batalAyA gayA hai| paramANu ke nahIM hote haiN| yadi paramANa ke eka se adhika pradeza paramANu gatihIna aura niSkriya nahIM hai - jaina aura (pradezapracaya) hoM to vaha paramANu hI nahIM khlaaegaa| paramANu grIka darzana meM paramANu ko vaizeSika kI taraha gatihIna aura ke avayava pathaka-pathaka nahIM pAye jAte haiN| isalie bhI paramANa niSkriya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| jaina - grIka dArzanikoM ne paramANu ko / svabhAvata: gatizIla aura sakriya kahA hai| vaizeSikoM ne paramANuoM meM gati kA kAraNa Izvara mAnA hai jabaki jaina aura grIka dArzanikoM ataH jaina paramANuvAdiyoM ne anekAnta siddhAnta ke dvArA paramANu ko sAvayava aura niravayava batAyA hai| dravyArthika naya ko aisI kalpanA nahIM karanI par3I hai| kI apekSA paramANu niravayava hai aura paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA paramANu kArya aura kAraNarUpa hai - jaina dArzanikoM ne sAvayava hai| isake viparIta grIka aura vaizeSika paramANuvAdI paramANu ko skandhoM kA kArya mAnA hai, kyoMki usakI utpatti dArzanikoM ne paramANu ko niravayava hI mAnA hai| skandhoM ke tor3ane se hotI hai| isI prakAra paramANu skandhoM kA kAraNa bhI hai| lekina vaizeSika aura grIka darzana meM paramANu kevala paramANu kAla-saMkhyA kA bhedaka hai - jaina darzana ke kAraNa rUpa hI hai kArya rUpa nhiiN| anusAra paramANu kAla-saMkhyA kA bheda karane vAlA hai| AkAza ke bhautika paramANu AtmA kA kAraNa nahIM hai - grIka eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza taka jAne meM samaya rUpa jo kAla lagatA paramANuvAdiyoM ke anusAra AtmA kA nirmANa paramANuoM se hai usakA bheda karane ke kAraNa paramANu kAla aMza kA kartA kahalAtA huA hai| lekina jaina aura vaizeSika paramANuvAdI aisA nahIM mAnate hai| anya paramANuvAdiyoM ne aisA nahIM mAnA hai| haiN| jainaparamANuvAda ke anusAra paramANu zarIra, vacana, dravya mAna, . paramANu zabdarahita aura zabda kA kAraNa hai - jaina prANAyAna, sukha-duHkha, jIvana, maraNa Adi ke kAraNa haiN| bhautika paramANuvAdiyoM ne paramANu ko zabdarahita aura zabda kA kAraNa paramANu abhautika AtmA ke kAraNa nahIM haiN| batalAyA hai| paramANu azabdamaya isalie hai, kyoMki vaha eka paramANu acetana hai - paramANa bhautika aura acetana pradazA hai| zabda skandhoM se utpanna hotA hai| paramANa zabda kA arthAt ajIva ke kAraNa hone ke kAraNa jaina darzana meM paramANaoM kAraNa isalie hai kyoMki zabda jina skandhoM ke paraspara sparza se trorarivariorstandariramilaritrodrirandirdroid [13Hindiriraminisanitariandiarinitarianbidairandaridra
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________________ - vatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana utpanna hotA hai, ve paramANuoM ke milane se bane hue haiN| anya hI jaghanya guNa vAle hoN| yadi una donoM meM se koI eka paramANu paramANuvAdI vaizeSikoM aura grIka dArzanikoM ne aisA nahIM mAnA hai| jaghanya guNavAlA aura dUsarA ajaghanya (utkRSTa) guNa vAlA hogA . jaina-paramANuvAda ke anusAra paramANu jaghanya aura utkRSTa to bandha ho jaaegaa| kI apekSA do prakAra hotA hai| paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRddhi meM tIsare niyama ke saMbaMdha meM bhI digambaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki dravya paramANu aura bhAva paramANu kI apekSA paramANu do prakAra do paramANuoM meM cAhe ve sadRza (samAna jAtIya ) hoM yA visadRza kA aura bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya paramANu, kSetra paramANu, kAla paramANu (asamAna jAtIya ) hoM bandha tabhI hogA jabaki eka kI apekSA aura bhAva paramANu kI apekSA cAra prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai| dUsare meM snigdha yA rUkSatva do guNa adhika hoN| tIna-cAra, pA~cagrIka aura vaizeSika paramANuvAda meM isa prakAra ke bheda dRSTigocara saMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta adhika guNa vAloM ke sAtha kabhI bhI bandha nahIM hote haiN| nahIM hogaa| isake viparIta zvetAmbara mata meM kevala eka aMza paramANaoM kA paraspara saMyoga - jaina-paramANavAda ke adhika hone para do paramANuoM meM bandha kA abhAva batalAyA anusAra do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA paraspara bandha gayA hai| do, tIna, cAra Adi adhika guNa hone para do sadRza (saMyoga) hotA hai| yaha saMyoga svayaM hotA hai. isake lie vaizeSikoM paramANuA me bandha ho jAtA hai| kI taraha Izvara jaise zaktimAna kI kalpanA nahIM kI gaI hai| jaina jaina-paramANuvAda meM isa zaMkA kA bhI samAdhAna upalabdha paramANuvAdiyoM ne paramANu-saMyoga ke lie eka rAsAyanika prakriyA hai ki paramANuoM kA paraspara saMyoga hone ke bAda kisa paramANa prastuta kI hai, jo nimnAMkita hai-- kA kisa meM vilaya ho jAtA hai? dUsare zabdoM meM kauna paramANu (1) pahalI bAta yaha hai ki snigdha yA rUkSa paramANaoM kisako apane anurUpa kara letA hai? isa viSaya meM umA svAti kA paraspara meM bandha hotA hai| kA mata hai ki paramANuoM kA paraspara bandha hone ke bAda adhika guNa vAlA kama guNa vAle paramANu ko apane svabhAva anurUpa (2) dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaghanya arthAt eka snigdha yA kara letA hai52| rUkSa guNa vAle paramANu kA eka, do, tIna Adi snigdha, rUkSa vAle paramANu ke sAtha baMdha nahIM hotA hai| uparyukta mAnyatA digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM mAnya hai| lekina donoM meM eka bheda yaha hai ki zvetAmbara paraMparA (3) samAna guNa vAle sajAtIya paramANuoM kA paraspara meM mAnya sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra.3 meM isa viSaya meM eka bandha nahIM hotA hai, jaise do snigdha guNa vAle paramANu kA do yaha bhI niyama batalAyA gayA hai-- snigdha guNa vAle paramANu ke sAtha bandha nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra rUkSa guNavAle paramANuoM ke bandha kA niyama hai| (1) zvetAmbara mata meM guNagata-visadRza paramANuoM kA bhI baMdha mAnA gayA hai| ataH jaba do paraspara baMdha vAle paramANuoM (4) cauthI mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki do guNa adhika __ meM guNa-gata visadRzatA rahatI hai to koI bhI sama paramANu dUsare sajAtIya athavA vijAtIya paramANuoM kA paraspara meM bandha ho / sama vAle paramANa ko apane anurUpa kara sakatA hai| akalaMkabhaTTa54 jAtA hai| do se kama aura do se adhika paramANu kA paraspara meM ne isa niyama ko Agama viruddha batalAkara nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| ra baMdha nahIM hotA hai| uparyukta tulanAtmaka vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM uparyukta paramANuoM kI paraspara saMyoga-prakriyA ke saMbaMdha . aura cintakoM ne paramANu kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana prastuta meM jaina darzana kI digaMbara aura zvetAmbara paraMparAeM 51 ekamata kiyA utanA anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| vaijJAnikoM kA paramANuvAda nahIM haiN| digambara paraMparA kI mAnyatA hai ki yadi do paramANuoM meM - bhI bahuta kucha jaina-paramANuvAda se sAmya rakhatA hai| isa para aura se koI eka bhI paramANu jaghanya guNa arthAt nikRSTa guNavAlA hai bhI tulanAtmaka zodha Avazyaka hai| to unameM kabhI bhI bandha nahIM hogaa| isake viparIta zvetAmbara mata meM do paramANuoM meM paraspara meM saMyoga tabhI nahIM hogA jaba ve donoM
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________________ sandarbha 1. (a) devendramuni zAstrI : jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR. 164-165 (ba) bhA.da. rUparekhA pR. 163 2. poggala devaM uccai paramANU NicchaeNa niyamasAra, gAthA - 20 3. paramANu ceva avibhAgI, kundakundAcArya paMcAstikAya, gAthA- 75 4. savvesiM khaMghANaM jo aMto taM viyANaM paramANU so sasso aso avibhAgI mUttibhavo / vahI, gAthA 77 5. Adezamattamutto dhAducadukassa kAraNaM jo du / so o paramANU pariNAmaguNo sayamasaddho / / Nicco NANavakAso Na sAvakAso padesado bhettA / khaMdhANaM piyakattApavihattA kAlasaMsANaM / / vahI, gAthA - 78 aura 80 6. (ka) eyarasaM vaNNagaMdhaM do phAsaM saddakAraNamasaddaM / saMghataridaM davvaM paramANUM taM viyANehi / vahI, gAthA - 81 (kha) eyarasarUvagaMdha do phAsaM taM have sahAvaguNaM ... / / A. kuMdakuMda, niyamasAra, gAthA 26 attAdi attamajjhe attaMtaM Neva iMdie gejajhaM / avibhAgI jaM davvaM paramANU taM viNANAhi / A. kuMdakuMda, niyamasAra, gAthA - 26 8. dhAucauvakassa puNo jaM heU kAraNatiM taM Neyo / khaMdhANAM avasANo NAdavo kajja prmaannuuN| niyamasAra, gAthA - 25 9. nANoH tattvArthasUtra 5 / 11 10. bhedAdaNuH / vahI, 5 / 27 11. anAdiramadhyo'pradezI hi paramANuH / sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 5/11, pA~. 256 yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana 12. kAraNameva tadantyaM sUkSmo nityazca bhavati paramANuH / ekarasagandhavarNodviH sparzaH kAryaliMgazca / vahI 5 / 24 pR. 274 13. iti tatrANavo baddhAH skandhAstu baddhA eveti / vahI / 14. aNo pradezo na saMtatiH pradezamAtratvAt / sarvArthasiddhi, 511, pR. 205 15. kiJca tato'lpaparimANAbhAvAt / na hyaNoralpIyAnanyosti / vahI ambem fora 16. pradizyanta iti pradezAM paramANavaH / vahI - 2 / 38, pR. 138 17. pradezamAtramAvisparzAdiparyAya prasavasAmarthye nANyante zabdhanta ityaNavaH / vahI, 5 / 25, pR. 220 18. saukSmyAdAtmAdayaH AtmamadhyA AtmAntAzca / vahI, 5 / 25, pR. 220 19. pradezamAtro'NuH na kharaviSANavadapradeza iti / tattvArthavArtika, 5.11.4, pRSTha 454 20. yathA vijJAnamAdimadhyAntavyapadezabhAve'pyasti tathA'Nurapi iti / vahI, 5. 11.5, pR. 454 21. teSAmaNUtAmastitvaM kAryaliMgatvAdavagantavyam / kAryaliMga hi kAraNam / nA'satsu paramANuSu zarIrendriya mahAbhUtAdilakSaNasya kAryasya prAdurbhAva iti / vahI, 5. 25.15 pR. 492 22. bhedaadnnuH| tattvArthasUtra, 5 / 27 23. kAraNemeva tadantyamityasamIkSitAbhidhAnam kathaJcit kaarytvaat| tattvArthavArtika, 5.25. 5 pR. 49 24. nitya iti cAyuktasnehAdi bhAvenAnityatvAt snehAdayo hi guNAH paramANau prAdurbhavanti viyanticca tatastatpUrvakamasyAnityattvamiti / vahI, 5.25, 7 pR. 492 25. nityavacanamanAdi paramANvarthamiti, tanna kiM kAraNam tasyApi snehAdivipariNAmAbhyupagamAt / na hi niSpariNAmaH kazcidarthosti / vahI 5.25.11 pR. 492 For Private na cAnAdi paramANurnAma kazcidasti bhedAdaNuH itivacanAt / vahI 5.25. 10, pR. 492 26. niravayazcANurata ekarasavarNagaMdha: / vahI, 5/25 / 13, pR. 492 27. tattvArthavArtika, 5/25/16 pR. 492-493 [4] 28. vahI, 5/25/16, pR. 492-493 29. tattvArthavArtika 5/1/25, pR. 434 30. devasenaH nayacakra, gAthA 101 31. DablU. TI. sTeTasa: grIka philosaphI pR. 88 32. vahI 33. bhAratIya darzana, sampAdaka - DA. na. ki. devarAja, pR. 353 34. pro. harendraprasAda sinhA, bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR. 268 35. AcArya amRtacaMdra - tattvapradIpikAvRtti, gAthA 78, pR. 133 36. vahI 37. Dablu. TI. sTeTasa grIka philosaphI, pR. 88 Personal Use Only tttttti
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - jaina darzana 49. draSTavya-tattvArthasUtra, 5/33-36 - upAdhyAya baladeva-bhAratIya darzana, pR. 244 50. pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 221-229 39. pro. harendraprasAda sinhA-bhA.da. rUparekhA, pR. 268 51. DA. mohanalAla mehatA-jaina darzana, pR. 185-186 40. DablU. TI. sTeTasa, grIka philosaphI, pR. 88-80 52. bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmikau c| tattvArthasUtra 5/37 41. vIrasena-dhavalA, pR. 13, khaNDa 5, bhAga 3, sUtra 18, pR. 18 53. bandhe samAdhiko pAriNAmikau, 5/36 42. draSTavya pUjyapAda-sarvArthasiddhi, 5/11 baMdhe sati samaguNasya samaguNaH pAriNAmiko bhavati, adhika43. vIrasena dhavalA, pR. 13, khaNDa 5, pu. 3, sUtra 32, pR. 23 guNo hiinsyeti| vahI 44. gommaTasAra jIvapradIpakA TIkA, bhA. 564, pR. 1009 54. bhaTTa akalaMka deva-tattvArthavArtika, 5/36/4-5 45. paMcAstikAya tattvapradIpikA TIkA gAthA 70, pR. 137 ___ * lekhaka ke digaMbara paraMparA se saMbaddha hone ke kAraNa usa 46. saddokhadhaMppabhavo khaMdho paramANusaMgasaMghAdo puDhesu tesu jAyAdi paraMparA ke graMthoM ke AdhAra para hI paramANuvAda kA vivaraNa saddo uppAdago nniydo| paMcAstikAya, gAthA-79 diyaa| zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM Agametara sAhitya meM bhI 47. padamaprabha, niyamasAra, tArarNyavRtti, gA. 25 paramANuvAda kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hai| 48. bhagavatIsUtra, 20/5/12 - sampAdaka aarururururururururururururururuvaarsaadrNguruvaarN saagutaaru