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________________ jainadarzana : eka maulika cintana * zrI nirmala jaina, satanA saMsAra aura usake cetana-acetana samasta dravyoMko jAnane aura samajhanekI jijJAsA, jijJAsu vyaktiyoM ko hamezAse rahI hai / dRSTigocara evaM anubhavagamya padArthIkA astitva kabase hai, kisa kAraNase hai aura kaba taka rhegaa| inake utpanna hone, bane rahane aura vinaza jAnekI prakriyAkA rahasya kyA hai, kauna sI zakti isake pIche kArya karatI hai| ityAdi praznoMkA uttara pAneke lie loga viziSTa jJAnI-tapasvI janakI zaraNameM jAte rahe haiN| adhyAtma pradhAna hamAre bhArata dezameM ina praznoMkA uttara dene vAloMkI bhI kamI nahIM rahI, vibhinna mata-matAntaroMke janaka yA vyAkhyAkAroMne apanI-apanI mAnyatAoMke anusAra praznoMko sulajhAnekA prayAsa kiyA parantu pakSa vyAmohake kAraNa aura dUsarI mAnyatAoMko sarvathA mithyA mAnaneke kAraNa ve sahI sthitiko na to samajha sake aura na jijJAsuoMko samajhA ske| ___ananta dharmAtmaka vastuoMkI tahameM ve jitane ghuse apane sImita aura bhrAmaka jJAnake kAraNa utane hI ulajhate cale gye| apanI mAnyatA banAe rakhaneke lie kucha na kucha uttara denA bhI unheM abhISTa thA so yenakena-prakAreNa ukti biThAkara uttara dete rahe / eka do dArzanikoMne kucha praznoMko anAvazyaka batAkara TAlA bhI aura kucha ne apanI anabhijJatA bhI jAhira kI, para jijJAsAe~ to banI hI rhiiN| jainadarzanameM vizvavyavasthA aura usake padArthoM kA sUkSma aura vaijJAnika vizleSaNa anAdikAlase hotA AyA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANake kucha kAla bAda kevalajJAniyoMkI paramparA samApta huI parantu bhagavAn mahAvIrakI divyadhvani aura usake bAda hue kevalI-zrutakevalI bhagavaMtoM dvArA prasArita jJAnakA sahArA lekara IsAkI dUsarI zatAbdIse 15vIM zatAbdI taka bahu zrutajJa jainAcAryoMne aneka aise granthoMkI racanA kI jisameM jainadarzana aura nyAyako pUrI bArIkiyoMke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tathA mithyA mAnyatAoMkA khaNDana bhI yuktipUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| ukta zAstra prAyaH prAkRta bhASAmeM likhe gae, unakI TIkAe~ bhI zru tajJa AcAryoM dvArA huI para saMskRta meM / kucha zAstra maulika rUpase saMskRtameM likhe ge| ___ isa bIca anya dArzanikoMne bhI apane matakI puSTike lie grantha likhe / sAtha hI bhAratIya dArzanika kSitijapara kucha aise darzanoM dArzanikoMkA bhI udaya huA jinhoMne apane matakI puSTi ke lie kutarkoke dvArA jainadarzanakA khaNDana karanA prArambha kiyaa| jaise syAdvAdake mUla svara syAt zabdakA artha saMzayake rUpameM pratipAdita kara eka bhrAmaka vyAkhyA upasthita kI gii| bIsavIM sadImeM Ate-Ate bhASAkI durUhatA jana sAdhAraNake lie ArSa granthoMke svAdhyAyameM bAdhaka banane lgii| zAstroMkI hindI TIkAe~ to huI parantu darzana aura nyAya viSayaka granyoMpara kArya karane vAle vidvAn vizeSa nahIM hue| kucha ine-gine vidvAnoMne hI ina viSayoMko apane cintanakA viSaya bnaayaa| isa zatAbdIke cauthe dazakameM yuvA vidvAn paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryane ina gambhIra viSayoMkA vizada adhyayana kiyA, kevala jainadarzana hI nahIM, anya bhAratIya darzanoMkA bhI gahana adhyayana karake unhoMne apane vicAroMko zabdoMkA AkAra denA prArambha kiyA / jaina granthoMke prakAzanakA stutya kArya karanevAlI saMsthA bhAratIya jJAnapIThakI sthApanAmeM tathA vidvata pariSada jaisI saMsthAkI sthApanAmeM bhI paM0 mahendrakumAra jIkA vizeSa yogadAna thaa| bhAratIya jJAnapIThakI vyavasthAmeM sahayogI banakara unhoMne 'nyAyakumudacandra', 'nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa', 'akalaMkagranthatraya', 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa', 'tatvArthavArtika', 'tatvArthavRtti', 'siddhivini 3-8
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________________ 44 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha ranIkA' Adi granthoMkA kuzalatApUrvaka sampAdana kiyA tathA unapara cintana pUrNa prastAvanAe~ likhakara unheM prakAzita bhI karAyA / san 1911 meM janma lene vAle mahendrakumAra jIne apane tIvra kSayopazama aura puruSArthake balapara alpavayameM hI laukika evaM pAramArthika zikSA prApta karake san 1932 se hI kAzI meM adhyApana kArya prArambha kara diyA thA / adhyApanake sAtha hI ApakA adhyayana bhI jArI rahA aura unhoMne ema. e. zAstrI, nyAyAcArya Adi upAdhiyA~ arjita kara lI / paM0 mahendrakumAra jIkA cintana aura sampAdana AdikA kArya kitanA uccakoTikA thA isakA anumAna isIse lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki 'siddhivinizcaya' TIkA ke kAryakA sahI mUlyAMkana karake hindU vizvavidyAlaya kAzIne Apako pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA / granthoMkI prastAvanA meM DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jIne jahA~ eka ora jainadarzanakI vizeSatAoMko ujAgara kiyA vahIM vibhinna dArzanikoM dvArA kie jA rahe jainadarzanake khaNDanakA bhI tarkapUrNa uttara diyA / unhoMne apanI lekhanIko kisI lobha lAlaca yA bhayase prabhAvita nahIM hone diyaa| saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya kAzI meM bauddhadarzanake prAdhyApaka hote hue bhI bauddhadarzanako tarkasammata AlocanA evaM mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise manISI evaM mAnya vidvAn ke vicAroMkI AlocanA karanA isakA pramANa hai / unakI AlocanA aise tathyoMpara AdhArita thI ki rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise vidvAn ne use svIkAra kiyA aura unakI vidvattAse prabhAvita hokara unheM syAdvAdapara svatantra maulika grantha likhaneke liye prerita kiyA / phalasvarUpa DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jIke cintana aura svAdhyAyakA sAra 600 pRSThoM vAle maulika grantha "jainadarzana" ke rUpameM sAmane AyA / unhoMne grantha ke 'do zabda' meM svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke ulAhanene hI isa granthako likhanekA saMkalpa karAyA / 'jainadarzana' grantha ko apane pratipAdya viSayapara prathama graMthakA gaurava prApta huaa| akTUbara 1955 meM zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI granthamAlA vArANasIse isakA prakAzana huA / prakAzakIya vaktavyameM saMsthAke karNadhAra vidvAn paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI evaM paM0 baMzodhara jI vyAkaraNAcAryane likhA hai ki- 'jaina samAja meM darzanazAstrake jo ine-gine vidvAn haiM unameM nyAyAcArya paM0 mahendrakumAra prathama haiM / inhoMne jainadarzana ke sAtha-sAtha saba bhAratIya darzanoMkA sAMgopAMga adhyayana kiyA hai tathA bar3e parizrama tathA adhyayanapUrvaka isa granthakA nirmANa kiyA hai / hindImeM eka aisI maulika kRtikI AvazyakatA thI jisameM jainadarzanake sabhI dArzanika maMtavyoM kA UhApoha ke sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA ho| isa sarvAMgapUrNa kRti dvArA usa AvazyakatAkI pUrti ho jAtI hai| ataeva hama isa prayatnake lie paM0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcAryakA jitanA AbhAra mAneM, thor3A hai / ' 'jainadarzana' meM kevala jainadarzanako ho vyAkhyA nahIM hai, anya bhAratIya darzanoMkI mAnyatAoMko udAharaNa sahita prastuta karake lekhakane unake adhUrepanako bhI ujAgara kiyA hai aura jainadarzanase unakI tulanA karaneke lie AdhAra prastuta kie haiN| yadyapi prakAzanake pUrva kucha vidvAnoMko bhaya thA ki isa kRtike prakAzana se sAmpradAyika vidveSa phaila sakatA hai parantu niSpakSa dArzanikoM aura vicAraka vidvAnoMne lekhakakI isa kRti - kI upayogitA svIkAra karate hue sarAhanA kI, kevala maukhika sarAhanA hI nahIM, aneka vidvAnoMne prazaMsAtmaka patra likhe tathA eka jainetara vidvAn saMskRta kaoNleja banArasake pUrva prAcArya paM0 maMgaladeva zAstrI ema0 e0, DI0 phila0 ne ukta granthakA prAkkathana likhakara granthakI prazaMsA kI evaM jainadarzanake siddhAntoM ke mahattvako svIkAra kiyA / prAkkathanake antameM Apane likhA
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________________ 3/ kRtiyoMko samIkSAe~ : 45 "abhI taka rASTrabhASA hindImeM koI aisI pustaka nahIM thI, jisameM vyApaka aura tulanAtmaka dRSTise . jainadarzanake svarUpako spaSTa kiyA gayA ho / bar3I prasannatAkA viSaya hai ki isa bar3I bhArI kamIko prakRta pustakake dvArA usake suyogya vidvAn lekhakane dUra kara diyaa| pustakakI zailI vidvattApUrNa hai, usameM prAcIna mala granthoM ke pramANoMke AdhArase jainadarzanake sabhI prameyoMkA bar3I vizada rItise yathAsambhava subodha zailImeM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / vibhinna darzanoMke siddhAntoMke sAtha tadviSayaka Adhunika dRSTiyoMkA bhI isameM sanniveSa aura unapara prasaMgAnusAra vimarza karanekA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| pustaka apane meM maulika-paripUrNa aura anUThI hai / hama hRdayase granthakA abhinandana karate haiN|" __ 'jainadarzana' grantha meM lekhakane 12 adhikAroMke mAdhyamase sampUrNa vivecanA ko hai| 'pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana' nAmake prathama adhyAyameM unhoMne karmabhUmiko prArambhika sthitiyoMkI carcA karate hue bhagavAn AdinAthase lekara antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIrake kAla takako paristhitiyoM aura pracalita mAnyatAoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / sAtha hI jainadharma evaM darzanake mUla muddoMko ujAgara karate hue zruta paramparA aura mAnya AcAryoMkA paricaya dete hue unake dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoMkI bhI saMkSipta carcA kI hai| isa adhyAyake upasaMhArameM ve likhate hai ki tarka jaise zuSka zAstrakA upayoga bhI jainAcAryoMne samanvaya aura samatAke sthApanameM kiyA hai| dArzanika kaTAkaTIke yugameM bhI isa prakArako samatA aura udAratA tathA ekatAke lie prayojaka samanvayadRSTikA kAyama rakhanA ahiMsAke pujAriyoMkA hI kArya thA / syAdvAdake svarUpa tathA usake prayogakI vidhiyoMke vivecanameM hI jainAcAryoMne aneka grantha likhe haiN| isa taraha dArzanika ekatA sthApita karane meM jainadarzanakA akelA aura sthAyI prayatna rahA hai / ' (pRSTha 26 / ) ___viSaya praveza' nAmaka dUsare adhyAyameM darzana zabdakI udbhUti, artha Adiko spaSTa karate hue vidvAn lekhakane vibhinna dArzanikoMke manamAne arthakA khaNDana karate hue jaina dRSTikoNakI yathArthatA pratipAdita kI hai / isa adhyAyameM sudarzana aura kudarzanakI vyAkhyA karate hue Apane likhA hai ki 'jisa prakAra nayake sunaya aura durnaya vibhAga, sApekSatA aura nirapekSatAke kAraNa hote haiM usI taraha 'darzana' ke bhI sudarzana aura kudarzana ( darzanAbhAsa ) vibhAga hote haiM / jo darzana arthAt dRSTikoNa vastukI sImAko ullaMghana nahIM karake use pAnekI ceSTA karatA hai, banAnekI nahIM, aura dUsare vastusparzI dRSTikoNadarzanako bhI ucita sthAna detA hai, usakI apekSA rakhatA hai vaha sudarzana hai aura jo darzana kevala bhAvanA aura vizvAsakI bhUmipara khar3A hokara kalpanAlokameM vicaraNa kara, vastusImAko lAMghakara bhI vAstavikatAkA dambha karatA hai, anya vastugrAhI dRSTikoNoMkA tiraskAra kara unakI apekSA nahIM karatA vaha kudarzana hai| darzana apane aise kupUtoMke kAraNa hI mAtra saMdeha aura parIkSAkI koTimeM jA pahu~cA hai| ataH jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura AcAryoMne isa bAtakI satarkatAse ceSTA kI hai ki koI bhI adhigamakA upAya, cAhe vaha pramANa ( pUrNa jJAna ) ho yA naya ( aMzagrAhI), satyako pAnekA yatna kare, banAnekA nhiiN| vaha maujUda vastukI mAtra vyAkhyA kara sakatA hai / use apanI maryAdAko samajhate rahanA caahie|' (pRSTha 38 / ) tIsare adhyAyakA zIrSaka hai 'bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena' isa adhyAyakA prArambha karate hue lekhakane kahA hai ki parama ahiMsaka tIrthaMkara bhagavAnne mAnasika ahiMsAke lie anekAntadRSTike upayogakI bAta kahI hai| anekAntako ahiMsAkA AdhArabhata tattvajJAna, syAdvAdako eka nirdoSa bhASAzailI aura syAtako praharI
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________________ 46 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha nirUpita karate hue Thosa tarka dekara yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki syAtakA artha zAyada nahIM hai / anekAnta darzanako nyAyAdhIzakI upamA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki 'pratyeka pakSake vakIloM dvArA apane pakSake samarthanake lie saMkalita dalIloMko phAilakI taraha nyAyAdhIzakA phaisalA bhale hI AkArameM bar3A na ho, para usameM vastusparza, vyAvahArikatA, sUkSmatA aura niSpakSa vazya hotI hai| usI taraha ekAntake samarthana meM prayakta dalIloMke bhaNDAra-bhata ekAntavAdI darzanoMkI taraha jainadarzanameM vikalpa yA kalpanAoMkA carama vikAsa na ho, para usakI vastusparzitA, vyAvahArikatA, samatAvRtti evaM ahiMmAdhAritAmeM to saMdeha kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoMne vastusthitike AdhArase pratyeka darzanake dRSTikoNake samanvayakI pavitra ceSTA kI hai aura hara darzanake sAtha nyAya kiyA hai / yaha vRtti ahiMsAhRdayIke susaMskRta mastiSkakI upaja hai / yaha ahiMsA svarUpA anekAntadRSTi hI jainadarzanake bhavya prAsAdakA madhya stambha hai| isIse jainadarzanakI prANapratiSThA hai| bhAratIya darzana sacamuca isa atula satya ko pAye binA apUrNa rahatA / jainadarzanane isa anekAntadRSTike AdhArase banI huI mahattvapUrNa grantharAzi dekara bhAratIya darzanazAstrake koSAgArameM apanI Thosa aura paryApta paMjI jamA kI hai|' (pR0 55 / ) 'loka vyavasthA' nAmake cauthe avyAyameM lokake svarUpa aura chahoM dravyoMkA vivecana hai| isakI carcAmeM svAbhAvika hI dravyake pariNamana, sat tathA usake utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase yukta honeke prakaraNa Ae haiM jinheM chahoM dravyoMmeM tarka aura udAharaNake sAtha samajhAyA gayA hai| vibhAva pariNamanakI carcA karate hue nimitta aura upAdAnakI bhI vizada vyAkhyA isa adhyAyameM kI gaI hai| kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda aura niyativAdakI vibhinna mAnyatAoMkI samIkSA bhI isa adhyAyameM hai / lekhakane kevala anya darzanoMkI bhrAmaka mAnyatAoMkA hI khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai, varan jainadarzanakI anekAnta paddhatimeM Aye ekAnta praduSaNakI bhI AlocanA kI hai| niyativAdake eka aise hI prakaraNameM zrIkAnajI svAmI likhita pustaka 'vastuvijJAnamAra' ko mAnyatAoMko ekAntika nirUpita karate hue lekhakane kahA hai ki ___ 'niyativAdakA eka AdhyAtmika rUpa aura nikalA hai| isake anusAra pratyeka dravyako pratisamayakI paryAya sunizcita hai| jisa samaya jo paryAya honI hai vaha apane niyata svabhAvake kAraNa hogI hI, usameM prayatna nirarthaka hai| upAdAnazaktise hI vaha paryAya prakaTa ho jAtI hai, vahA~ nimittakI upasthiti svayameva hotI hai, usake milAnekI AvazyakatA nhiiN| inake matase peTrolase moTara nahIM calatI, kintu moTarako calanA ho hai aura peTrolako jalanA ho hai| aura yaha saba pracArita ho rahA hai dravyake zuddha svabhAvake nAmapara / isake bhItara bhUmikA yaha jamAI jAtI hai ki-eka dravya dUsare dravyakA kucha nahIM kara sktaa| saba apane Apa niyaticakravaza pariNamana karate haiN| jisako jahAM jisa rUpameM nimita bananA hai usa samaya usakI vahA~ upasthiti ho hI jaaygii| isa niyativAdase padArthoM ke svabhAva aura pariNamanakA Azraya lekara bhI unakA pratikSaNakA anantakAla takakA kAryakrama banA diyA gayA hai, jisapara calaneko hara padArtha bAdhya hai / kisIko kucha nayA karanekA nahIM hai| niyativAdiyoMke jo vividha rUpa vibhinna samayoMmeM hue haiM unhoMne sadA puruSArthako reDa mArI hai aura manuSyako bhAgyake cakkarameM DAlA hai|' (pRSTha 84 / ) AcArya kundakundake akartRtvavAdako carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki samayasArameM svabhAvakA varNana karanevAlI gAthAko kucha vidvAna niyativAdake samarthana meM lagAte haiM parantu isa gAthAmeM sIdhI bAta yahI batAI gaI hai ki koI dravya dusare dravya meM koI nayA guNa nahIM lA sakatA, jo AyegA vaha upAdAna yogyatAke anusAra ho aavegaa| lekhakane prazna uThAyA hai ki jaba pratyeka jIvakA pratisamayakA kAryakrama nizcita hai taba puNya-pApa aura
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 47 sadAcAra-durAcArakI kyA paribhASA banegI? kyoMki isa niyativAdameM to 'aisA kyoM huA' kA eka hI uttara hai ki 'aisA honA hI thA' / isa adhyAyameM karmavAda, yadRcchAvAda, puruSavAda, IzvaravAda, bhUtavAda, avyAkRtavAda, utpAdAditrayAtmakavAda, jar3avAda aura pariNAmavAdakI mAnyatAoMkI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| gayA hai jisameM padArthake gaNa aura dharmakA svarUpAstitvakA aura sAmAnya vizeSakA vivecana hai 'Sadravya vivecana' nAmake chaThe adhikArameM chaha dravyoMkI sAmAnya vivecanAke bAda jIva dravyake saMsArI aura mukta Adi bheda, pudgala dravyake skandha Adi bheda, bandhakI prakriyA, dharma-adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravyoMke kAryoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai tathA inake svarUpameM bauddha, vaizeSika, naiyAyika Adi darzanoMkI bhrAntiyoMko bhI ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| eka dravyake dUsare dravyapara par3anevAle prabhAvakI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isIlie jagatake mahApuruSoMne pratyeka bhavyako eka hI bAta kahI hai ki "acchA vAtAvaraNa banAo; maMgalamaya bhAvoMko cAroM ora bikhero|' kisI prabhAvazAlI yogIke acintya prema aura ahiMsAkI vizvamaitrI rUpa saMjIvana dhArAse AsapAsakI vanaspatiyoMkA asamayameM puSpita ho jAnA aura jAtivirodhI sA~pa-nevalA Adi prANiyoMkA apanA sAdhAraNa vaira bhUlakara unake amatapata vAtAvaraNameM paraspara maitrIke kSaNoMkA anubhava karanA koI bahuta anahonI bAta nahIM hai, yaha to prabhAvako acintya zaktikA sAdhAraNa sphuraNa hai|' (pRSTha 152 / ) sAtaveM adhikArakA zIrSaka hai 'tattva nirUpaNa' / isakA prayojana batAte hue prArambhameM hI kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi vizva Sadravyamaya hai parantu muktike lie jisa tattvajJAna ko AvazyakatA hotI hai ve tattva sAta hai / vizva vyavasthAkA jJAna na honepara bhI tattvajJAnase mokSakI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai| parantu tattvajJAna na honepara vizva vyavasthAkA samagra jJAna bhI kAryakArI nahIM hotA / sAta tattvoMkI vivecanA karate hae lekhakane likhA hai ki ina sAta tattvoMkA mala hai AtmA / svabhAva se amatika-akhaNDaaivinAzI AtmAko jaina dArzanikoM dvArA anAdibaddha mAnaneke kAraNoMkI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vyavahArase jIva mUrtika bhI hai| karma saMyogake kAraNa anAdise jIva mUrtika aura azuddha mAnA gayA hai parantu eka bAra zuddha-amatika ho jAne ke bAda phira vaha azuddha yA mUrtika nahIM hotaa| AtmadRSTiko hI samyakdRSTi nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki bandha, mokSa aura usake kAraNabhUta tattvoMke sivAya usa AtmAkA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai jise zuddha honA hai para jo vartamAnameM azuddha ho rahA hai| AtmAkI yaha azuddha dazA svarUpa pracyutirUpa hai| yaha dazA svasvarUpako bhUlakara para padArthoM meM mamakAra ahaMkAra karaneke kAraNa huI hai ataH isa azuddha dazAkI samApti svasvarUpake jJAnase hI ho sakatI hai| saMsArake kAraNa Asrava aura bandha tathA mokSake kAraNa saMvara aura nirjarA tattvoMkI samucita vyAkhyA karake mokSa tattvakI carcA karate hue lekhakane kahA hai ki anya dArzanikoMne mokSako nirvANa nAmase vyavahAra karake Atma nirvANa ko dIpa nirvANa AdikI taraha vyAkhyAyita kara diyA hai para jaina dArzanikoMne sAta tattvoMmeM usakA nAma hI mokSa tattva rakhA hai jisakA artha hai chUTanA / __ adhyAyake anta meM mokSa-mArgakI carcA karate hue spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna aura samyacakAritrakI ekatA hI mokSa kA mArga hai / aisA samyagjJAna jo samyakcAritrakA poSaka yA vardhaka nahIM
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________________ 48 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha hai, mokSakA sAdhana nahIM hotaa| jo jJAna jIvanameM utarakara Atma zodhana kare vahI mokSakA sAdhana hai / antataH saccI zraddhA aura jJAnakA phala cAritra zuddhi hI hai| isa adhyAyameM eka jagaha sukha aura duHkhakI sthUla paribhASAke rUpameM bhI eka acchI bAta kahI gaI hai ki 'jo cAhe so hove, ise kahate haiM sukha aura cAhe kucha aura hove kucha yA jo cAhe vaha na hove ise kahate haiM duHkha / ' 'pramANa mImAMsA' nAmaka AThavAM adhyAya isa granthakA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa adhyAya hai| lagabhaga 200 pRSThoMmeM samAhita isa adhyAyameM pramANa jJAnakI vizada vivecanA kI gaI hai| prArambhameM ho jJAna aura darzanakA antara samajhAte hue kahA hai ki jar3a padArthose AtmAko bhinna karanevAlA guNa yA svarUpa hai caitanya, yahI caitanya avasthA vizeSameM nirAkAra rahakara 'darzana' kahalAtA hai aura sAkAra hokara 'jJAna' / pramANake svarUpakA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki pramANakA sAmAnyatayA artha vyutpattilabdha hai arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoMkA jJAna hotA hai usa dvArakA nAma pramANa hai| tadAkAratA, sAmagrI, indriya vyApAra Adiko pramANa na mAnaneke kAraNoMkI vyAkhyA karake bauddha darzana ke kSaNikavAdase utpanna bhrAntiyoMkA bhI nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana padArthako ekAnta kSaNika na mAnakara kathaMcita nitya bhI mAnatA hai / vastu ananta dharmavAlI hai kisI jJAnake dvArA vastuke kinhIM aMzoMkA nizcaya honepara bhI agrahIta aMzoMko jAnaneke lie pramANAntara ko avakAza rahatA hai| pramANake bhedoMkI carcA karate hue pratyakSa pramANa aura parokSa pramANa tathA usake sAMkhyAvahArika pratyakSa , sannikarSa, pAramArthika pratyakSa, anumAna, svArthAnumAna, parArthAnumAna, pratyAkSAbhAsa, parokSabhAsA Adi bhedoMkI bhI vizada vyAkhyA karake samajhAyA gayA hai| jJAnakI utpattikA krama batAte hue usake avagraha, IhA Adi bhedoMkI vyAkhyA hai tathA sabhI jJAnoMko svasaMvedI nirUpita kiyA hai| isI sandarbhameM viparyaya Adi mithyAjJAnoM kI bhI carcA hai| avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAnake vizleSaNake bAda kevalajJAnakA svarUpa batAte hue 'sarvajJatAkA itihAsa' zIrSakase jainAcAryoM bhagavAn kundakunda, vIrasena Adike dvArA kI gaI sarvajJatAkI vyAkhyAoMko anya darzanoMkI sarvajJatA kI apekSA prAmANika siddha kiyA gayA hai| isa AThaveM adhyAyameM vyApti aura vyApya-vyApAra sambandha, abhAva, sAdhya-sAdhana sambandha, zabdArtha pratipakti, prAkRta, apabhraMza zabdoMkI arthavAcakatAkI vyAkhyAke sAtha zabdAdvaitavAda, brahmavAda, sAMkhyavAda, bauddhoM kA vizeSa padArthavAda, vijJAnavAda, zanyavAda AdikI bhI vistArase samokSA kI gaI hai jisase viSaya spaSTa hotA hai aura pAThakako vastusvarUpa kI nirdoSa avadhAraNA ho jAtI hai| nauvAM adhyAya hai 'naya vicAra, isameM nayakA lakSaNa tathA nayake bhedoMkA bhalIbhA~ti nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, sunaya-durnaya, dravyArthika-paryAyArthika, paramArtha-vyavahAra, nizcayavyavahAra Adi bhedoMke atirikta naya ke tIna aura sAta bhedoMko bhI samajhAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI nayAbhAsake mAdhyamase bhI nayoMkI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai isameM prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMke nayavAdoMkA vizleSaNa to hai hI, samyak naya mAnanevAle nayAbhAsiyoMkI bhI AlocanA kI gaI hai / jainAcAryoMkI naya prarUpaNAkA uddezya spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki 'adhyAtmazAstrakA uddezya hai ki vaha sAdhakako yaha spaSTa batA de ki tumhArA gantavya sthAna kyA hai ? tumhArA parama dhyeya aura carama lakSya kyA ho sakatA hai ? bIcake par3Ava tumhAre sAdhya nahIM haiM / tumheM to unase bahuta U~ce uThakara parama svAvalambI bananA hai| lakSyakA do-Taka varNana kie binA mohI jIva bhaTaka hI jAtA hai| sAdhakako una svopAdAnaka, kintu paranimittaka vibhUti yA vikAroMse usI taraha alipta rahanA hai, unase Upara uThanA hai, jisa taraha ki vaha stro, putrAdi paracetana tathA dhana-dhAnyAdipara acetana padArthoMse nAtA
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 49 tor3akara svAvalambI mArga pakar3atA hai / yadyapi yaha sAdhakako bhAvanAmAtra hai, para ise A0 kundakundane dArzanika AdhAra pakar3AyA hai| ve usa lokavyavahArako heya mAnate haiM, jisameM aMzataH bhI parAvalambana ho / kintu yaha dhyAnameM rakhanekI bAta hai ki ve satyasthitikA alApa nahIM karanA caahte| ve likhate haiM ki 'jIvake pariNAmoMko nimitta pAkara pudgaladravya karmaparyAyako prApta hote haiM aura una karmoMke nimittase jIvana meM rAgAdi pariNAma hote haiM, yadyapi donoM apane-apane pariNAmoMmeM upAdAna hote haiM, para ye pariNamana parasparahetuka-anyonyanimitta hai|' unhoMne 'aNNoNNaNi mittaNa' padase isI bhAvakA samarthana kiyA hai| yAnI kArya upAdAna aura nimitta donoM sAmagrIse hotA hai|' ( pRSTha 468-469 / ) 'ataH nizcayanayako yaha kahaneke sthAnameM ki 'maiM zuddha hU~, abaddha hU~, aspRSTa hU~', yaha kahanA cAhie ki 'maiM zuddha, abaddha aura aspRSTa ho sakatA huuN|' kyoMki Aja taka to usane AtmAkI isa zaddha Adarza dazAkA anubhava kiyA hI nahIM hai| balki anAdikAlase rAgAdipaMkameM hI vaha lipta rahA hai| yaha nizcita isa AdhArapara kiyA jA rahA hai ki jaba do svatantra dravya hai, taba unakA saMyoga bhale hI anAdi ho, para vaha TaTa sakatA hai aura vaha Ta TegA to apane paramArtha svarUpakI prAptikI ora lakSya karanese / isa zaktikA nizcaya bhI dravyakA svatantra astitva mAnakara hI to kiyA jA sakatA hai / anAdikI azuddha AtmAmeM zaddha honekI zakti hai, vaha zuddha ho sakatA hai| yaha zakyatA-bhaviSyatakA hI to vicAra hai| hamArA bhUta aura vartamAna azuddha hai, phira bhI nizcayanaya hamAre ujjavala bhaviSyakI ora, kalpanAse nahIM, vastuke AdhArase dhyAna dilAtA hai ? usI tattvako AcArya kundakunda bar3I sundaratAse kahate haiM ki 'kAma, bhoga aura bandhakI kathA sabhIko zrata, paricita aura anubhUta hai, para vibhakta-zuddha AtmAke ekatvakI upalabdhi sulabha nahIM hai|' kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha AtmAkA svarUpa saMsAra jIvoMko kevalI zrutapUrva hai arthAt usake sunane meM hI kadAcit AyA ho, para na to usane kabhI isakA paricaya pAyA hai aura na kabhI usakA anubhava hI kiyA hai| (pRSTha 471-472 / ) granthakA dasavA~ adhyAya hai 'syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI' isa adhyAyameM syAdvAdakI udbhatikA kAraNa batAte hue vidvAn lekhakane kahA hai ki jaba manuSyakI dRSTi anekAnta tattvakA sparza karanevAlI bana jAtI hai taba usake samajhAnekA DhaMga bhI nirAlA ho jAtA hai, vaha usa zailIse vacana prayoga karanA cAhatA hai jisase vastatatvakA yathArtha pratipAdana ho jAe / isa zailIkA bhASAke nirdoSa prakArakI AvazyakatAne syAdvAdakA AviSkAra kiyA hai| isameM lagA huA syAt zabda pratyeka vAkyake sApekSa honekI sUcanA detA hai| syAta eka sajaga praharI hai jo uccarita dharmako idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detA tathA avikSita dharmoM ke adhikArakA saMrakSaNa karatA hai / syAt zabda jahA~ astitva dharmakI sthiti sudRr3ha aura sahetuka banAtA hai vahIM eka nyAyAdhIzakI taraha yaha bhI kaha detA hai ki he asti, tuma apanI adhikAra sImAko samajho, svadravya kSetra, kAla. bhAvakI dRSTise jisa prakAra tuma vastumeM rahate ho, usI taraha paradravyAdikI apekSA nAsti nAmakA tumhArA bhAI bhI usI vastumeM rahatA hai| vastUkI anantadharmAtmakatAkA sundara vizleSaNa karate hue usameM prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, itaretarAbhAva evaM atyantAbhAvakA sAmaMjasya bhI biThAyA gayA hai / sadsadAtmaka tattva, ekAnekAtmaka tattva, nityAnityAtmaka tatva aura bhedA-bhedAtmaka tattva bhI kisa prakAra vastumeM eka sAtha raha lete haiM isakI prarUpaNA bhI bahuta spaSTa rUpase kI gaI hai / saptabhaMgIkI vyAkhyA karate hue yaha bhI samajhAyA hai ki bhaMga sAta hI kyoM haiM, avaktavya bhaMgakA kyA artha hai tathA bhaMgoMmeM sakalavikalAdezatA kisa prakAra banatI hai /
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________________ 50 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha cUMki syAdvAdako lekara jainadarzanakI AlocanA pUrvavartI aura vartamAna aneka dArzanikoMne kI hai ataH lekhakane isa adhyAyameM una sabake matoMkA uddharaNa dekara syAdvAda paddhatise hI unakA nirAkaraNa bhI kara diyA hai / AlocanA karanevAloMkI to lambI sUcI hai parantu kucha vartamAna jainetara dArzanikoMne syAdvAdakI mahattAko svIkAra bhI kiyA hai jaise mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 gaMgAnAtha jhA likhate haiM ki 'jabase maiMne zaMkarAcArya dvArAjaina siddhAMtakA khaNDana par3hA hai, tabase mujhe vizvAsa huA hai ki isa siddhAMtameM bahuta kucha hai jise vedAntake AcAryoMne nahIM smjhaa|' darzanazAstrake advitIya vidvAn pro0 phaNibhUSaNa adhikArIne to aura bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA thA ki-'jainadharmake syAdvAda siddhAMtako jitanA galata samajhA gayA hai, utanA kisI anya siddhAMtako nahIM / yahA~ taka ki zaMkarAcArya bhI isa doSase mukta nahIM haiN| unhoMne bhI isa siddhAMtake prati anyAya kiyA hai, yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoMke lie kSamya ho sakatI thI kintu bhAratake isa mahAn vidvAna ke lie to akSamya hI khuuNgaa| yadyapi maiM isa maharSiko atIva AdarakI dRSTise dekhatA huuN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne jaina-dharmake mala granthoMke adhyayanakI paravAha nahIM kii|' isa prakAra isa adhyAyameM syAdvAdapara aneka matAvalambI dArzanikoMke vicAroMkA UhApoha saMkalita hai| syAdvAdapara lagAe gae AkSepoMkA jo parihAra pUrva meM ho hamAre akalaMkadeva, haribhadra Adi AcAryoMne kiyA thA vaha bhI isameM saMkSepase uddhata hai| gyArahaveM adhyAyakA zIrSaka hai 'jaina darzana aura vizva zAnti' isa adhikArako likhane meM lekhakane apane maulika vicAra hI saMjoe haiM, parantu ve vicAra jainadarzanakI mahAnatA evaM vizva zAntike pariprekSyameM usakI upayogitAko ujAgara karanevAle haiN| jainadarzana ananta AtmavAdI hai| vaha pratyeka AtmAko malameM samAna svabhAva aura samAna dharmavAlA mAnatA hai| unameM janmanA kisI jAtibheda yA adhikAra bhedako nahIM maantaa| vaha ananta jar3apadArthoMkA bhI svatantra astitva mAnatA hai / isa darzanane vAstavabahutvako mAnakara vyaktisvAtantryakI sAdhAra svIkRti dI hai| vaha eka dravyake pariNamanapara dUsare dravyakA adhikAra nahIM maantaa| ataH kisI bhI prANIke dvArA dUsare prANIkA zoSaNa, nirdalana yA svAyattIkaraNa hI anyAya hai| kisI cetanakA anya jar3a padArthoM ko apane adhIna karane kI ceSTA karanA bhI anadhikAra ceSTA hai| isI taraha kisI deza yA rASTrakA dUsare deza yA rASTrako apane adhIna karanA, use apanA upaniveza banAnA hI mUlataH anadhikAra ceSTA hai, ataeva hiMsA aura anyAya hai| ( pRSTha 573 / ) granthakA aMtima adhyAya yadyapi eka grantha sUcIke rUpameM hai parantu vaha sAmAnya pAThakoMse lekara ciMtaka aura zodhakartA vidvAnoM takake lie atyanta upayogI hai| adhyAyake antameM lekhakakI yaha TippaNI bhI hai ki yahA~ prAkRta saMskRta granthoMkA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kannar3a bhASAmeM bhI aneka granthoMkI TIkAe~ pAI jAtI hai tathA kucha jainAcAryoMne ajaina darzana granthoMkI TIkAe~ bhI likhI hai ve isameM sammilita nahIM haiM / isa prakAra DaoN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryakI mahAn kRti 'jainadarzana' hameM jainadarzanake siddhAMtoMko sahI pariprekSyameM samajhaneke lie tathA anya matAvalambI dArzanikoMko bhrAmaka mAnyatAoMse bacAneke lie dIpazikhAkA kArya pichale cAra dazakoMse karatI A rahI hai, Aja bhI kara rahI hai aura Age bhI karatI rhegii|