Jain Bauddh aur Gita ke Darshan me Karm ka Swarup

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Jinvani_Karmsiddhant_Visheshank_003842.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229872/1

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa 0 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina karma kA azubhatva, zubhatva evaM zuddhatva : yadyapi jaina dRSTi se 'karmaNA badhyatejantuH' kI ukti ThIka hai lekina jainAcAra darzana meM sabhI karma athavA kriyAe~ samAna rUpa se bandhana kAraka nahIM haiN| usameM do prakAra ke karma mAne gaye haiM, eka ko karma kahA gayA hai dUsare ko akarma, samasta sAmparAyika kriyAe~ karma kI zreNI meM AtI haiM aura iryApathika kriyAe~ akarma kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| yadi naitika darzana kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to prathama prakAra ke karma hI naitikatA ke kSetra meM Ate haiM aura dUsare prakAra ke karma naitikatA ke kSetra se pare haiN| unheM atinaitika kahA jA sakatA hai| lekina naitikatA ke kSetra meM Ane vAle sabhI karma bhI eka samAna nahIM hote haiM unameM se kucha zubha aura kucha azubha hote haiM / jaina paribhASA meM inheM kramazaH puNya karma aura pApa karma kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-1. iryApathika karma (akarma), 2. puNya karma aura 3. pApa karma / bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI tIna prakAra ke karma mAne gaye haiM-1. avyakta yA prakRSNa azukla karma, 2. kuzala yA zukla karma aura 3. akuzala yA kRSNakarma / gItA bhI tIna prakAra ke karma batAtI hai-1. akarma, 2. karma (kuzala karma) aura 3. vikarma (akuzala karma) jaina vicAraNA kA iryApathika karma bauddha darzana kA avyakta yA akRSNa-akuzala azukla karma tathA gItA kA akarma hai / isI prakAra jaina vicAraNA kA puNya karma bauddha darzana kA kuzala (zukla) karma tathA gItA kA sakAma sAtvika karma yA kuzala karma aura jaina vicAraNA kA pApa karma bauddha darzana kA akuzala (kRSNa) karma tathA gItA kA vikarma hai| __ pAzcAtya naitika darzana kI dRSTi se bhI karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM1. atinaitika, 2. naitika, 3. anaitika / jaina vicAraNA kA iryApathika karma atinaitika karma hai, puNya karma naitika karma hai, aura pApa karma anaitika karma hai| gItA kA akarma atinaitika zubha karma yA karma naitika aura vikarma anaitika hai| bauddha vicAraNA meM anaitika, naitika aura atinaitika karma ko kramazaH akuzala, kuzala aura avyakta karma athavA kRSNa, zukla aura akRSNa, azukla karma kahA gayA hai| inheM nimna tulanAtmaka tAlikA se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai :

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 166 bauddha gItA karma pAzcAtya AcAra jaina darzana 1. zuddha atinaitika karma iryApathika karma 2. zubha naitika karma puNya karma avyakta karma akarma kuzala (zukla) karma (kuzala karma karma) akuzala (kRSNa) vikarma karma 3. azubha anaitika karma pApa karma AdhyAtmika yA naitika pUrNatA ke lie hameM kramaza: azubha karmoM se zubha karmoM kI ora, zubha karmoM se zuddha karmoM kI ora bar3hanA hogA / Age hama isI krama se una para thor3I adhika gaharAI se vivecana kreNge| azubha yA pApa karma : jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai ki vaiyaktika sandarbha meM jo AtmA ko baMdhana meM DAle, jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kare aura Atma zaktiyoM kA kSaya kare vaha pApa hai|' sAmAjika sandarbha meM jo parapIr3A yA dUsaroM ke duHkha kA kAraNa ho vaha pApa hai (pApAya parapIr3ana) vastutaH jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisakA phala aniSTa prApti ho vaha pApa hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se ve sabhI karma jo svArtha, ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane kI dRSTi se kie jAte haiM pApa karma haiM / mAtra itanA hI nahIM sabhI prakAra kA durvicAra aura durbhAvanAe~ bhI pApa karma haiN| pApa yA akuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa : jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pApa karma 18 prakAra ke haiM :-1. prANAtipAtahiMsA, 2. mRSAvAda-asatya bhASaNa, 3. adattAdAna-caurya karma, 4. maithuna-kAma vikAra yA laiMgika pravRtti, 5. parigraha-mamatva, mUrchA, tRSNA yA saMcaya vRtti, 6. krodha-gussA, 7. mAna-ahaMkAra, 8. mAyA-kapaTa, chala, SaDayaMtra aura kUTanIti, 9. lobha-saMcaya yA saMgraha kI vRtti, 10. rAga-Asakti, 11. dveSa-ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA Adi, 12. kleza-saMgharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A Adi, 13. abhyAkhyAna-doSAropaNa, 14. pizunatA-cugalI, 15. paraparivAda-paraniMdA, 16. rati-arati-harSa aura zoka, 17. mAyA mRSA-kapaTa sahita asatya bhASaNa, 18. mithyAdarzanazalya-ayathArtha zraddhA yA jIvana dRSTi / 1-abhi0 rA0 khaNDa 5, pRSTha 876 / 2-bola saMgraha, bhAga 3, pRSTha 182 /

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170 ] [ karma siddhAnta bauddha dRSTikoNa : bauddha darzana meM kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika AdhAra para nimna 10 prakAra ke pApoM yA akuzala karmoM kA varNana milatA hai :-' (a) kAyika pApa : 1. prANAtipAta-hiMsA, 2. adannAdAna-corI yA steya, 3. kAmesu-micchAcAra, kAmabhoga sambandhI durAcAra, (ba) vAcika pApa : 4. mRSAvAda-asatya bhASaNa, 5. pisunAvAcA-pizuna vacana, 6. parusAvAcA-kaThora vacana, 7. samphalApa-vyartha AlApa, (sa) mAnasika pApa : 8. abhijjA-lobha, 6. vyApAda-mAnasika hiMsA yA ahita ciMtana, 10. micchAdiTThI-mithyA dRSTikoNa / abhidhamma saMgAho meM nimna 14 akuzala caitasika batAe gae haiM : 1. mohacitta kA andhApana, mUr3hatA, 2. ahirika-nirlajjatA, 3. anottapayaM-a-bhIktA (pApa karma meM bhaya na mAnanA)2, 4. uddhaccaM-uddhatapana, caMcalatA, 5. lobhotRSNA, 6. diTThi-mithyA-dRSTi, 7. mAno-ahaMkAra, 8. doso-dveSa, 6. issAIrSyA (dUsare kI sampatti ko na saha sakanA), 10. macchariyaM-mAtsparya (apanI sampatti ko chipAne kI pravRtti), 11. kukkucca-kaukRtya (kRta-akRta ke bAre meM pazcAttApa), 12. thInaM, 13. middha, 14. vicikicchA-vicikitsA (sNshyaalupl)| gotA kA dRSTikoNa : gItA meM bhI jaina aura bauddha darzana meM svIkRta ina pApAcaraNoM yA vikarmoM kA ullekha sampadA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| 'gItA rahasya' meM tilaka ne manu smati ke AdhAra para nimna dasa prakAra ke pApAcaraNa kA varNana kiyA hai| (a) kAyika : 1. hiMsa, 2. corI, 3. vyabhicAra / (ba) vAcika : 4. mithyA (asatya), 5. tAnA mAranA, 6. kaTuvacana, 7. asaMgata bolanA / (sa) mAnasika : 8. paradravya abhilASA, 6. ahita cintana, 10. vyartha aAgraha / 1-bauddha bhA0 va0, pRSTha 480 / 2-abhidhammattha saMgaho, pRSTha 16-20 / 3-manusmRti 12/5-7 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 171 pApa ke kAraNa : jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra pApakarma kI utpatti ke sthAna tIna haiM :-- .1 rAga yA svArtha, 2. dvaSa yA ghRNA aura 3. moha yA ajJAna / prANI rAga, dveSa aura moha se hI pApa karma karatA hai / buddha ke anusAra bhI pApa karma kI utpatti ke sthAna tIna haiM-1. lobha (rAga), 2. dvaSa aura 3. moha / gItA ke anusAra kAma (rAga) aura krodha hI pApa ke kAraNa haiN| puNya (kuzala karma) : pUNya vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM bhautika stara para samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai / mana, zarIra aura bAhya pariveza ke madhya santulana banAnA yaha puNya kA kArya hai / puNya kyA hai isakI vyAkhyA meM tatvArtha sUtrakAra kahate haiMzubhAsraya puNya hai / ' lekina jaisA ki hamane dekhA puNya mAtra prAsrava nahIM hai varan vaha bandha aura vipAka bhI hai / dUsare vaha mAtra bandhana yA heya hI nahIM hai varan upAdeya bhI hai / ata: aneka AcAryoM ne usakI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI hai| AcArya hemacandra puNya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM-puNya (azubha) karmoM kA lAghava hai aura zubha karmoM kA udaya hai / isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi meM puNya azubha (pApa) karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta prazasta avasthA kA dyotaka hai / puNya ke nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA prAcArya abhayadeva kI sthAnAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM milatI hai| AcArya abhayadeva kahate haiM puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora le jAtA hai| AcArya kI dRSTi meM puNya AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka tattva hai| mUni suzIlakumAra 'jaina dharma' nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiMpuNya mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke liye anukUla vAyu hai jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIghra pAra kara detI hai| jaina kavi banArasIdAsajI kahate haiM jisase bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho, jisase AtmA UrdhvamukhI hotA hai arthAt AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hatA hai aura jisase isa saMsAra meM bhautika-samRddhi aura sukha milatA hai vahI puNya hai| jaina tattva jJAna ke anusAra puNya karma ke anusAra puNya karma ve zubha pudgala paramANu haiM jo zubha vattiyoM evaM kriyAoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita ho bandha karate haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha adhyavasAyoM, zubha 1-tattvArtha0, pRSTha 6/4 / 2-yogazAstra 4/107 / 3-sthAnAMga TI. 1/11-12 / 4-jaina dharma, pRSTha 84-10 /

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172 ] [ karma siddhAnta vicAroM evaM kriyAoM kI ora prerita karate haiM tathA AdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM bhautika anukUlatAoM ke saMyoga prastuta kara dete haiM / AtmA kI ve manodazAe~ evaM kriyAe~ bhI jo zubha pudgala paramANu ko AkarSita karatI haiM bhI puNya kahalAtI haiN| sAtha hI dUsarI ora ve pudgala paramANu jo ina zubha vRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ko prerita karate haiM aura apane prabhAva se Arogya, sampatti evaM samyak zraddhA, jJAna evaM saMyama ke avasara upasthita karate haiM puNya kahe jAte haiM / zubha manovRttiyA~ bhAva puNya haiM aura zubha pudgala paramANu dravya puNya haiM / puNya yA kuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa : . __ bhagavatI sUtra meM anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha pravRttiyoM ko puNyopArjana kA kAraNa mAnA hai|' sthAnAMga sUtra meM nava prakAra ke puNya batAe gae haiN| 1. anna puNya : bhojanAdi dekara kSudhAta kI kSudhA nivRtti krnaa| 2. pAna puNya : tRSA (pyAsa) se pIr3ita vyakti ko pAnI pilAnA / 3. layana puNya : nivAsa ke liye sthAna denA, dharmazAlAe~ Adi bnvaanaa| 4. zayana puNya : zayyA, bichaunA Adi denA / 5. vastra puNya : vastra kA dAna denaa| 6. mana puNya :: mana se zubha vicAra krnaa| jagata ke maMgala kI zubha kAmanA krnaa| 7. vacana puNya : prazasta evaM saMtoSa dene vAlI vANI kA prayoga karanA / 8. kAya puNya : rogI, duHkhita evaM pUjya janoM kI sevA krnaa| 6. namaskAra puNya : gurujanoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ke lie unakA abhivAdana krnaa| bauddha prAcAra darzana meM bhI puNya ke isa dAnAtmaka svarUpa kI carcA milatI hai| saMyukta nikAya meM kahA gayA hai-anna, pAna, vastra, zayyA, Asana evaM cAdara ke dAnI paNDita puruSa meM puNya kI dhArAe~ A giratI haiN| abhidhammatya saMgaho meM (1) zraddhA, (2) apramattatA (smRti), (3) pApa karma ke prati lajjA, (4) pApa karma ke prati bhaya, (5) alobha (tyAga), (6) adveSa-maitrI, (7) samabhAva, (8-6) mana aura zarIra kI prasannatA, (10-11) mana aura zarIra kA halakApana, (12-13) mana aura zarIra kI mRdutA, (14-15) mana aura zarIra kI saralatA Adi ko bhI kuzala caitasika kahA gayA hai / 1-bhagavatI, 7/10/12 / 2-sthAnAMga hai| 3-abhidhammatya saMgaho (caitasika vibhaag)|

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 173 _jaina aura bauddha vicAraNA meM puNya ke svarUpa ko lekara vizeSa antara yaha hai / jaina vicAraNA meM saMvara, nijarA aura puNya meM antara kiyA gayA hai / jabaki bauddha vicAraNA meM aisA spaSTa antara nahIM hai / jainAcAra darzana meM samyak darzana, (zraddhA) samyak jJAna, (prajJA) aura samyak cAritra (zIla) ko saMvara aura nirjarA ke antargata mAnA gayA hai / jabaki bauddha AcAra darzana meM dharma, saMgha aura buddha ke prati dRr3ha zraddhA, zIla aura prajJA ko bhI puNya (kuzala karma) ke antargata mAnA gayA hai| puNya aura pApa (zubha aura azubha) kI kasauTI : zubhAzubhatA yA puNya-pApa ke nirNaya ke do AdhAra ho sakate haiN| (1) karma kA bAhya svarUpa tathA samAja para usakA prabhAva, (2) dUsarA kartA kA abhiprAya / ina donoM meM kauna sA AdhAra yathArtha hai yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| gItA aura bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA saccA AdhAra mAnA gayA / gItA spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai jisameM kartRtva bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI buddhi nilipta hai, vaha ina saba logoM ko mAra bhI DAle tathApi yaha samajhanA cAhie ki usane na to kisI ko mArA hai aura na vaha usa karma se bandhana meM AtA hai|' dhammapada meM buddha vacana bhI aisA hI hai / naiSkarmya sthiti ko prApta brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko evaM prajA sahita rASTra ko mArakara bhI niSpApa hokara jItA hai / 2 bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI puNya pApa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / isakA pramANa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke Adraka bauddha samvAda meM bhI milatA hai / jahA~ taka jaina mAnyatA kA prazna hai vidvAnoM ke anusAra usameM bhI kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| muni suzIlakumArajI likhate haiM-zubha-azubha karma ke baMdha kA mukhya AdhAra manovRttiyA~ hI haiM / eka DaoNkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahu~cAne ke lie usakA vraNa cIratA hai, usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAe parantu DaoNkTara to pApa karma ke bandha kA hI bhAgI hogaa| isake viparIta vahI DaoNkTara karuNA se prerita hokara vraNa cIratA hai aura kadAcita usase rogI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai to bhI DaoNkTara apanI zubha bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai|4 prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI bhI yahI kahate haiM-puNya bandha aura pApa bandha kI saccI kasauTI kevala Upara kI kriyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI kartA kA Azaya hI hai| 1-gItA 18/17 / 2-dhammapada 246 / 3-sUtrakRtAMga 2/6/27-42 / 4-jaina dharma, pRSTha 160 / 5-darzana aura cintana : khaNDa 2, pRSTha 226 /

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174 ] [ karma siddhAnta ina kathanoM ke AdhAra para to yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina vicAraNA meM bhI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra manovRttiyoM ho haiN| phira bhI jaina vicAraNA meM karma kA bAhya svarUpa upekSita nahIM hai| yadyapi nizcaya daSTi kI apekSA se manovRttiyA~ hI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ko nirNAyaka haiM tathApi vyavahAra dRSTi meM karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI sAmAnyatayA zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM ArdrakakumAra bauddhoM kI ekAMgI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM jo mAMsa khAtA ho cAhe na jAnate hue bhI khAtA ho to bhI usako pApa lagatA hI hai / hama jAnakara nahIM khAte isalie hama ko doSa (pApa) nahIM lagatA aisA kahanA ekadama asatya nahIM to kyA hai ?' __ isase yahAM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dRSTi meM manovRtti ke sAtha hI karmoM kA bAhya svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| vAstava meM sAmAjika dRSTi yA loka vyavahAra meM to yahI pramukha nirNAyaka hotA hai / sAmAjika nyAya meM to karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI usakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai kyoMki Antarika vRtti ko vyakti svayaM jAna sakatA hai dUsarA nhiiN| jaina dRSTi ekAMgI nahIM hai / vaha samanvayavAdI aura sApekSavAdI hai| vaha vyakti sApekSa hokara manovRtti ko karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA nirNAyaka mAnatI hai aura samAja sApekSa hokara karmoM ke bAhya svarUpa para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatI hai| usameM dravya (bAhya) aura bhAva (AMtarika) donoM kA mUlya hai / usameM yoga (bAhya kriyA) aura bhAva (manovRtti) donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, yadyapi usameM manovRtti hI prabala kAraNa hai / vaha vRtti aura kriyA meM vibheda nahIM mAnatI hai| usakI samanvayavAdI dRSTi meM manovRtti zubha ho aura kriyA azubha ho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| mana meM zubha bhAva hote hue pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai / vaha eka samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai mana meM satya ko samajhate hue bhI bAhara se dUsarI bAteM (azubhAcaraNa) karanA kyA saMyamI puruSoM kA lakSaNa hai ? usakI dRSTi meM siddhAnta aura vyavahAra meM antara Atma-pravaMcanA aura loka chalanA hai / mAnasika hetu para hI jora dene vAlI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai-karma bandhana kA satya jJAna nahIM batAne vAle isa vAda ko mAnane vAle kitane hI loga saMsAra meM phaMsate rahate haiM ki pApa lagane ke tIna sthAna haiM svayaM karane se, dUsare se karAne se, dUsaroM ke kArya kA anumodana karane se / parantu yadi hRdaya pApa mukta ho to ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya mile / yaha vAda ajJAna hai, mana se pApa ko pApa samajhate hue jo doSa karatA hai, use nirdoSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha saMyama (vAsanA nigraha) meM zithila hai| parantu bhogAsakta loga ukta bAteM mAnakara pApa meM par3e rahate haiM / 1-sUtrakRtAMga 2/6/27-42 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/24-27-26 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 175 pAzcAtya AcAra darzana meM bhI sukhavAdI vicAraka kama kI phalazruti ke AdhAra para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karate haiM jabaki mArTinyU karma preraka para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra ina donoM pAzcAtya vicAraNAoM meM apUrNa satya rahA huA hai / eka kA AdhAra loka dRSTi yA samAja dRSTi hai / dUsarI kA AdhAra paramArtha dRSTi yA zuddha dRSTi hai| eka vyAvahArika satya hai aura dUsarA pAramArthika satya / naitikatA vyavahAra se paramArtha kI ora prayANa hai ataH usameM donoM kA hI mUlya hai| karma ke zubhAzubhatva ke nirNaya kI dRSTi se karma ke hetu aura pariNAma ke prazna para gaharAI se vivecana jaina vicAraNA meM kiyA gayA hai| __cAhe hama kartA ke abhiprAya ko zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra mAne, yA karma ke samAja para hone vAle pariNAma ko| donoM hI sthitiyoM meM kisa ' prakAra kA karma puNya karma yA ucita karma kahA jAvegA aura kisa prakAra kA karma pApa karma yA anucita karma kahA jAvegA yaha vicAra Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya cintana meM puNya-pApa kI vicAraNA ke sandarbha meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pramukha hai / jahA~ karma-akarma kA vicAra vyakti sApekSa hai, vahA~ puNyapApa kA vicAra samAja sApekSa hai / jaba hama karma, akarma yA karma ke bandhanatva kA vicAra karate haiM to vaiyaktika karma preraka yA vaiyaktika cetanA kI vizuddhatA (vItarAgatA) hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra banatI hai lekina jaba hama puNya-pApa kA vicAra karate haiM to samAja kalyANa yA lokahita hI hamAre nirNaya kA prAdhAra hotA hai / vastutaH bhAratIya cintana meM jIvanAdarza to zubhAzubhatva kI sImA se Upara uThanA hai usa sandarbha meM vItarAga yA anAsakta jIvana dRSTi kA nirmANa hI vyakti kA parama sAdhya mAnA gayA hai aura vahI karma ke bandhakatva yA abandhakatva kA pramApaka hai / lekina jahA~ taka zubha-azubha kA sambandha hai usameM 'rAga' yA Asakti kA tattva to rahA huA hai / zubha aura azubha donoM hI rAga yA Asakti to hotI hI hai anyathA rAga ke abhAva meM karma zubhAzubha se Upara uThakara atinaitika hogA / yahA~ pramukhatA rAga kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti kI nahIM varan usakI prazastatA yA aprazastatA kI hai| prazasta rAga zubha yA puNya bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura aprazasta rAga azubha yA pApa bandha kA kAraNa hai| rAga kI prazastatA usameM dvaSa ke tattva kI kamI ke AdhAra para nirbhara hotI hai| yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM tathApi jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA jitanI alpa aura kama tIvra hogI vaha rAga utanA prazasta hogA aura jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA aura tIvratA jitanI adhika hogI vaha utanA hI aprazasta hogaa| dveSa vihIna vizuddha rAga yA prazasta rAga hI prema kahA jAtA hai / usa prema

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176 ] [ karma siddhAnta se parArtha yA paropakAra vRtti kA udaya hotA hai jo zubha kA sRjana karatI hai / usI loka maMgalakArI pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM puNya karma nisRta hote haiM / jabaki dva eSa yukta aprazasta rAga hI ghRNA ko janma dekara svArtha vRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai usase azubha, amaMgalakArI pApa karma nisRta hote haiM / saMkSepa meM jisa karma ke pIche prema aura parArtha hote haiM vaha puNya karma aura jisa karma ke pIche ghRNA aura svArtha hote haiM vaha pApa karma / jaina AcAra darzana puNya karmoM ke vargIkaraNa meM jina tathyoM para adhika bala detA hai ve sabhI samAja sApekSa haiM / vastutaH zubha-azubha ke vargIkaraNa meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pradhAna hai / bhAratIya cintakoM kI dRSTi meM puNya aura pApa kI samagra cintanA kA sAra nimna kathana meM samAyA huA hai ki " paropakAra puNya hai aura para-pIr3ana pApa hai / " jaina vicArakoM ne puNya bandha ke dAna, sevA Adi jina kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakA pramukha sambandha sAmAjika kalyANa yA loka maMgala se hai / isI prakAra pApa ke rUpa meM jina tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve sabhI loka amaMgalakArI tattva haiM / " isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM jahA~ taka zubha-azubha yA puNya-pApa ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna hai hameM sAmAjika sandarbha meM hI use dekhanA hogA / yadyapi bandhana kI dRSTi se usa para vicAra karate samaya kartA ke Azaya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai / sAmAjika jIvana meM zrAcaraNa ke zubhatva kA AdhAra : yaha satya hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA nirNaya anya prANiyoM yA samAja ke prati kie gae vyavahAra athavA dRSTikoNa ke sandarbha meM hotA hai / lekina anya prANiyoM ke prati hamArA kauna sA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa zubha hogA aura kaunasA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa azubha hogA isakA nirNaya kisa AdhAra para kiyA jAe ? bhAratIya cintana ne isa sandarbha meM jo kasauTI pradAna kI hai, vaha yahI hai ki jisa prakAra kA vyavahAra hama apane lie pratikUla samajhate haiM vaisA AcaraNa dUsare ke prati nahIM karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA yahI zubhAcaraNa hai aura isake viparIta jo vyavahAra hameM pratikUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati nahIM karanA azubhAcaraNa hai / bhAratIya RSiyoM mAtra kA yahI sandeza hai ki "AtmanaH pratikUlAni peraSAM mA samAcareta" jisa AcaraNa ko tuma apane lie pratikUla samajhate ho vaisA AcaraNa dUsaroM ke prati mata karo / saMkSepa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hI vyavahAra ke zubhatva kA pramANa hai / 1 - dekhiye 18 pApa sthAna, pratikramaNa sUtra /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] jaina dRSTikoNa : jaina darzana ke anusAra jisakI saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hai vahI naitika karmoM kA sraSTA hai / " dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai samasta prANiyoM ko jo apane samAna samajhatA hai aura jisakA sabhI ke prati samabhAva hai vaha pApa karma kA bandha nahIM karatA hai / 2 sUtrakRtAMga meM dharmAkarma (zubhAzubhatva ) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko samajhanA yahI dRSTikoNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sabhI ko jIvita rahane kI icchA hai, koI bhI maranA nahIM cAhatA, sabhI ko prANa priya hai, sukha zAntiprada hai aura duHkha pratikUla hai / isalie vahI AcaraNa zreSTha hai jisake dvArA kisI bhI prANa kA hanana nahIM ho / 4 bauddha darzana kA dRSTikoNa : bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI sarvatra Atmavat dRSTi ko hI karma ke zubhatva kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / sutanipAta meM buddha kahate haiM- jaisA maiM hU~ vaise hI ye dUsare prANI bhI haiM aura jaise ye dUsare prANI haiM vaisA hI maiM hU~ / isa prakAra sabhI ko apane samAna samajhakara, kisI kI hiMsA yA ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie / dhammapada meM bhI buddha ne yahI kahA hai ki sabhI prANI daNDa se Darate haiM, mRtyu se sabhI bhaya khAte haiM, sabako jIvana priya hai ataH sabako apane samAna samajhakara na mAre aura na mArane kI preraNA kareM / sukha cAhane vAle prANiyoM ko, apane sukha kI cAha se jo duHkha detA hai vaha marakara sukha nahIM pAtA / lekina jo sukha cAhane vAle prANiyoM ko, apane sukha kI cAha se duHkha nahIM detA vaha mara kara sukha ko prApta hotA hai / gItA evaM mahAbhArata kA dRSTikoNa : manusmRti, mahAbhArata aura gItA meM bhI hameM isI dRSTikoNa kA samarthana milatA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sukha aura duHkha sabhI meM dUsare prANiyoM ke prati prAtmavat dRSTi rakhakara vyavahAra karatA hai vahI paramayogI hai / 7 mahAbhArata meM aneka sthAnoM para isa dRSTikoNa kA samarthana hameM milatA hai / 1 - anuyogadvAra sUtra 126 / 2 - dazavai 0 4 / 6 / 3 - sUtrakRtAMga 2/2/4 pRSTha 104 / 4 - dazavai 0 6/11 | 5 - suttanipAta 37 / 27 / 6 - dhammapada 126-131-133 / 7 - gItA 6 / 32 / [ 177

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178 ] [ karma siddhAnta usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo jaisA apane lie cAhatA hai vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsare ke prati bhI kare / ' tyAga-dAna-sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya sabhI meM dUsare ko apanI AtmA ke samAna mAna kara vyavahAra karanA cAhie / jo vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ke prati apane samAna vyavahAra karatA hai vahI svarga ke sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai / jo vyavahAra svayaM ko priya lagatA hai vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati kiyA jaae| he yudhiSThara dharma aura adharma ko pahicAna kA yaho lakSaNa hai|4 pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa : pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI sAmAjika jIvana meM dUsaroM ke prati vyavahAra karane kA yahI dRSTikoNa svIkRta hai ki jaisA vyavahAra tuma apane lie cAhate ho vaisA hI dUsare ke lie karo / kAnTa ne bhI kahA hai ki kevala usI niyama ke anusAra kAma karo jise tuma eka sArvabhauma niyama bana jAne ko icchA kara sakate ho| mAnavatA cAhe vaha tumhAre andara ho yA kisI anya ke sadaiva se sAdhya banI rahe, sAdhana kabhI na ho / kAnTa kA isa kathana kA Azaya bhI yahI nikalatA hai ki naitika jIvana ke saMdarbha meM sabhI ko samAna mAnakara vyavahAra karanA caahie| zubha aura azubha se zuddha kI ora : jaina vicAraNA meM zubha evaM azubha athavA maMgala-amaMgala kI vAstavikatA svIkAra kI gaI hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM nava tattva mAne gaye haiM jisameM puNya aura pApa ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM ginA gyaa| jabaki tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ina sAtoM ko hI tattva kahA hai| vahA~ para puNya aura pApa kA svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM sthAna nahIM hai| lekina yaha vivAda adhika mahattvapUrNa pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki jo paramparA unheM svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatI hai vaha bhI unako Asrava va bandha tattva ke antargata to mAna letI hai / yadyapi puNya aura pApa mAtra Asrava nahIM haiM varan unakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura vipAka bhI hotA hai| ataH Asrava ke do vibhAga zubhAsraya aura azubhAsraya karane se kAma pUrNa nahIM hotA varan bandha aura vipAka meM bhI do-do bheda karane hoNge| isa vargIkaraNa kI kaThinAI se bacane ke lie hI pApa evaM puNya ko do svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM mAna liyA hai| 1-ma0 bhA0 zA0 258/21 / 2-3-ma0 bhA0 anu0 113/6-10 / 4-ma0 bhA0 subhASita saMgraha se uddhRta / 5-nIti sarva, pRSTha 268 se uddhRta / 6-uttarA0 28/14 / 7-tattvArtha0 1/4 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 176 phira bhI jaina vicAraNA nirvAraNa mArga ke sAdhana ke lie donoM ko heya aura tyAjya mAnatI hai kyoMki donoM hI bandhana kA kAraNa haiM / vastutaH naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubhAzubha yA puNya-pApa se Upara uTha jAne meM hai / zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) kA bheda jaba taka banA rahatA hai naitika pUrNatA nahIM prAtI hai / azubha para pUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI vyakti zubha (puNya) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha dazA meM sthita ho jAtA hai / jaina dRSTikoNa : RSibhAMsita sUtra meM RSi kahatA hai pUrvakRta puNya aura pApa saMsAra-saMtati ke mUla haiM / ' AcArya kundakunda puNya-pApa donoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnate hue bhI donoM ke bandhakatva kA antara bhI spaSTa kara dete haiM / samayasAra grantha meM ve kahate haiM azubha karma pApa ( kuzIla) aura zubha karma puNya (suzIla) kahe jAte haiM / phira bhI puNya karma bhI saMsAra (bandhana) kA kAraNa hotA hai / jisa prakAra svarNa ber3I bhI loha ber3I ke samAna hI vyakti ko bandhana meM rakhatI hai / usI prakAra jIva kRta sabhI zubhAzubha karma bhI bandhana kA kAraNa hote haiM / 2 zrAcArya donoM ko hI AtmA kI svAdhInatA meM bAdhaka mAnate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM puNya svarNa ber3I hai aura pApa loha ber3I / phira bhI prAcArya puNya ko svarNa ber3I kahakara usakI pApa se kiMcita zreSThatA siddha kara dete haiM / prAcArya amRtacandra kA kahanA hai ki pAramArthika dRSTikoNa se puNya aura pApa donoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki antatogatvA donoM hI bandhana haiM / isI prakAra paM0 jayacandrajI ne bhI kahA hai " puNya pApa doU karama, baMdharUpa dui mAni / zuddha AtmA jina lahyo, vaMdU carana hita jAni // 4 aneka jainAcAryoM ne puNya ko nirvANa ke lakSya, dRSTi se heya mAnate hue bhI use nirvANa kA sahAyaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai / yadyapi nirvANa kI sthiti ko prApta karane ke lie antatogatvA puNya ko chor3anA hotA hai phira bhI vaha nirvAraNa meM ThIka usI prakAra sahAyaka hai jaise sAbuna, vastra ke maila ko sApha karane meM sahAyaka hai / zuddha vastra ke lie sAbuna kA lagA honA jisa prakAra anAvazyaka hai use bhI alaga karanA hotA hai, vaise hI nirvANa yA zuddhAtma dazA meM puNya kA. honA bhI anAvazyaka hai / use bhI kSaya karanA hotA hai / lekina jisa prakAra sAbuna maila ko sApha karatA hai aura maila kI saphAI hone para svayaM alaga ho jAtA hai 1 - isi0 6 / 2 / 2 - samayasAra 145-146 / 3 - pravacanasAra TIkA 1/72 / 4 - samayasAra TIkA pRSTha 207 /

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180 ] [ karma siddhAnta vaise hI puNya bhI pApa rUpa mala ko alaga karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai aura usake alaga ho jAne para svayaM bhI alaga ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra eraNDa bIja yA anya recaka auSadhi mala ke rahane taka rahatI hai aura mala nikala jAne para vaha bhI nikala jAtI hai vaise hI pApa kI samApti para puNya bhI apanA phala dekara samApta ho jAte haiN| ve kisI bhI nava karma saMtati ko janma nahIM dete haiM / ataH vastutaH vyakti ko azubha karma se bacanA hai / jaba vaha azubha (pApa) karma se Upara uTha jAtA hai usakA zubha karma bhI zuddha karma bana jAtA hai / dveSa para pUrNa vijaya pA jAne para rAga bhI nahIM rahatA hai ataH rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM usase jo karma nisRta hote haiM ve zuddha (iryApathika) hote haiN| ___ puNya (zubha) karma ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki puNyopArjana kI uparokta kriyAe~ jaba anAsaktabhAva se kI jAtI haiM to ve zubha bandha kA kAraNa na hokara karmakSaya (saMvara aura nirjarA) kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiN| isI prakAra saMvara aura nirjarA ke kAraNa saMyama aura tapa jaba AsaktabhAva phalAkAMkSA (nidAna arthAt unake pratiphala ke rUpa meM kisI nizcita phala kI kAmanA karanA) se yukta hote haiM to ve karma kSaya athavA nirvANa kA kAraNa na hokara bandhana kA hI kAraNa banate haiN| cAhe vaha sukhada phala ke rUpa meM kyoM nahIM hoN| jainAcAra darzana meM anAsakta bhAva yA rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara kiyA gayA zuddha kArya hI mokSa yA nirvANa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura Asakti se kiyA gayA zubha kArya bhI bandhana kA hI kAraNa samajhA gyaa| yahA~ para gItA kI anAsakta karma yoga kI vicAraNA jaina darzana ke atyanta samIpa A jAtI hai| jaina darzana kA antima lakSya AtmA ko azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubha se zuddha karma (vItarAga dazA) ko prApti hai / AtmA kA zuddhopayoga hI jaina naitikatA kA antima sAdhya hai| bauddha dRSTikoNa : bauddha darzana bhI jaina darzana ke samAna naitika sAdhanA kI antima avasthA meM puNya aura pApa donoM se Upara uThane kI bAta kahatA hai aura isa prakAra samAna vicAroM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| bhagavAn buddha suttanipAta meM kahate haiM jo puNya aura pApa ko dUra kara zAMta (sama) ho gayA hai, isa loka aura paraloka ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna kara (karma) raja rahita ho gayA hai, jo janma-maraNa se pare ho gayA hai, vaha zramaNa sthira, sthitAtmA kahalAtA hai / ' sabhiya parivrAjaka dvArA buddha vaMdanA meM puna: isI bAta ko doharAyA gayA hai / vaha buddha ke prati kahatA hai 'jisa prakAra sundara puNDarIka kamala pAnI meM lipta nahIM hotA usI prakAra zuddha puNya aura pApa donoM meM lipta nahIM hote| isa prakAra hama 1-suttanipAta 32/11 / 2-suttanipAta 32/38 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 181 dekhate haiM ki bauddha vicAraNA kA bhI antima lakSya zubha aura azubha se Upara uThanA hai| gItA kA dRSTikoNa : svayaM gItAkAra ne bhI yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki mukti ke lie zubhAzubha donoM prakAra ke karma phaloM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai| zrIkRSNa svayaM kahate haiM he arjuna ! tU jo bhI kucha karma karatA hai, jo kucha khAtA hai, jo kucha havana karatA hai, jo kucha dAna detA hai, athavA tapa karatA hai, vaha sabhI zubhAzubha karma mujhe arpita kara de arthAt unake prati kisI prakAra kI Asakti yA kartRtva bhAva mata rakha / isa prakAra saMnyAsa-yoga se yukta hone para tU zubhAzubha phala dene vAle karma bandhana se chUTa jAvegA aura mujhe prApta hovegA / ' gItAkAra spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki zubha karma aura azubha karma donoM hI bandhana haiM aura mukti ke lie unase Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai| buddhimAna vyakti zubha aura azubha yA puNya aura pApa donoM ko hI tyAga detA hai / sacce bhakta kA lakSaNa batAte hue punaH kahA gayA hai ki jo zubha aura azubha donoM kA parityAga kara cukA hai arthAt jo donoM se Upara uTha cukA hai vaha bhaktiyukta puruSa mujhe priya hai / ' DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ne gItA ke paricayAtmaka nibandha meM bhI isI dhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA / ve prAcArya kundakunda ke sAtha sama svara hI kahate haiM-cAhe hama acchI icchAoM ke bandhana meM bandhe hoM yA burI icchAoM ke, bandhana to donoM hI haiN| isase kyA antara par3atA hai ki jina jaMjIroM meM hama bandhe haiM ve sone kI haiM yA lohe kI / jaina darzana ke samAna gItA bhI hameM yahI batAtI hai ki prathamataH jaba puNya karmoM ke sampAdana dvArA pApa karmoM kA kSaya kara diyA jAtA hai tadanantara vaha puruSa rAga-dveSa ke dvandva se mukta hokara dRr3ha nizcaya pUrvaka merI bhakti karatA hai / isa prakAra gItA bhI naitika jIvana ke lie azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubha karma se zuddha yA niSkAma karma kI ora bar3hane kA saMketa detI hai / gItA kA antima lakSya bhI zubhAzubha se Upara niSkAma jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa hai| pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa : pAzcAtya AcAra darzana meM aneka vicArakoM ne naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA ke lie zubhAzubha se pare jAnA Avazyaka mAnA hai / braDale kA kahanA hai ki 1-gItA 6/28 / 2-gItA 2/50 / 3-gItA 12/16 / 4-bhagavat gItA (rA0) pRSTha 56 / 5-gItA 7/28 /

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182 ] [ karma siddhAnta naitikatA hameM usase pare le jAtI hai / ' naitika jIvana ke kSetra meM zubha aura azubha kA virodha banA rahatA hai lekina Atma pUrNatA kI avasthA meM yaha virodha nahIM rahanA caahie| ata: pUrNa Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke lie hameM naitikatA ke kSetra (zubhAzubha ke kSetra) se Upara uThanA hogaa| breDale ne naitikatA ke kSetra se Upara dharma (AdhyAtma) kA kSetra mAnA hai / usake anusAra naitikatA kA anta dharma meM hotA hai / jahA~ vyakti zubhAzubha ke dvandva se Upara uThakara Izvara se tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anta meM hama aise sthAna para pahu~ca jAte haiM, jahA~ para kriyA evaM prakriyA kA anta hotA hai, yadyapi sarvottama kriyA sarvaprathama yahA~ se hI Arambha hotI hai| yahA~ para hamArI naitikatA Izvara se tAdAtmya meM carama avasthA meM phalita hotI hai aura sarvatra hama usa amara prema ko dekhate haiM, jo sadaiva virodhAbhAsa para vikasita hotA hai, kintu jisameM virodhAbhAsa kA sadA ke lie anta ho jAtA hai / 2 braDale ne jo bheda naitikatA aura dharma meM kiyA vaisA hI bheda bhAratIya darzanoM ne vyAvahArika naitikatA aura pAramArthika naitikatA meM kiyA hai / vyAvahArika naitikatA kA kSetra zubhAzubha kA kSetra hai| yahA~ AcaraNa kI dRSTi samAja sApekSa hotI hai aura loka maMgala hI usakA sAdhya hotA hai| pAramArthika naitikatA kA kSetra zuddha cetanA (anAsakta yA vItarAga jIvana dRSTi) kA hai, yaha vyakti sApekSa hai| vyakti ko bandhana se bacAkara mukti kI ora le jAnA hI isakA antima sAdhya hai| zuddha karma (akarma) : zuddha karma kA tAtparya usa jIvana vyavahAra se hai jisameM kriyAe~ rAga-dveSa se rahita hotI hai tathA jo AtmA ko bandhana meM nahIM DAlatA hai / abandhaka karma hI zuddha karma hai / jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke prAcAra darzana isa prazna para gaharAI se vicAra karate haiM ki AcaraNa (kriyA) evaM bandhana ke madhya kyA sambandha hai ? kyA karmaNA badhyate jantuH kI ukti sarvAMza satya hai ? jaina, bauddha evaM gItA kI vicAraNA meM yaha ukti ki karma se prANI bandhana meM AtA hai sarvAMza yA nirapekSa satya nahIM hai / prathamataH karma yA kriyA ke sabhI rUpa bandhana kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM haiM phira yaha bhI sambhava hai ki AcaraNa evaM kriyA ke hote hue bhI koI bandhana nahIM ho / lekina yaha nirNaya kara pAnA ki bandhaka karma kyA hai aura prabandhaka karma kyA hai, atyanta hI kaThina hai / gItA kahatI hai karma (bandhaka karma) kyA hai ? aura akarma (abandhaka karma) kyA hai ? isake sambandha meM vidvAn bhI 1-ithikala sTaDIja, pRSTha 314 / 2-ithikala sTaDIja, pRSTha 342 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 183 mohita ho jAte haiM / ' karma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna atyanta gahana viSaya hai| yaha karma samIkSA kA viSaya atyanta gahana aura duSkara kyoM hai, isa prazna kA uttara hameM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI milatA hai / usameM batAyA gayA hai ki karma, kriyA yA AcaraNa samAna hone para bhI bandhana kI dRSTi se ve bhinna-bhinna prakRti ke ho sakate haiM / mAtra AcaraNa, karma yA puruSArtha ko dekhakara yaha nirNaya denA sambhava nahIM hotA hai, ki vaha naitika dRSTi se kisa prakAra kA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI samAna vIratA ko dikhAte hue (arthAt samAna rUpa se karma karate hue) bhI adhUre jJAnI aura sarvathA ajJAnI kA, cAhe jitanA parAkrama (puruSArtha) ho, para vaha azuddha hai aura karma bandhana kA kAraNa hai, parantu jJAna evaM bodha sahita manuSya kA parAkrama zuddha hai aura use usakA kucha phala nahIM bhoganA par3atA / yogya rIti se kiyA huA tapa bhI yadi kIrti ko icchA se kiyA gayA ho to zuddha nahIM hotaa| karma kA bandhana kI dRSTi se vicAra usake bAhya svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, usameM kartA kA prayojana, kartA kA viveka evaM dezakAlagata paristhitiyA~ bhI mahattvapUrNa tathya haiM aura karmoM kA aisA sarvAMgapUrNa vicAra karane meM vidvat varga bhI kaThinAI meM par3a jAtA hai| karma meM kartA ke prayojana ko jo ki eka Antarika tathya hai, jAna pAnA sahaja nahIM hotA hai| lekina phira bhI kartA ke lie jo ki apanI manodazA kA jJAtA bhI hai yaha Avazyaka hai ki karma aura akarma kA yathArtha svarUpa samajhe kyoMki usake prabhAva meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai| gItA meM kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM ki maiM tujhe karma ke usa rahasya ko batAU~gA jise jAnakara tU mukta ho jaavegaa| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki naitika vikAsa ke lie bandhaka aura prabandhaka karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai / bandhakatva kI dRSTi se karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke sambandha meM samAlocya AcAra darzanoM kA dRSTikoNa nimnAnusAra hai| jaina darzana meM karma-akarma vicAra : karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie usa para do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) usakI bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para aura (2) usakI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra para / karma kA bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki kucha karma bandhana meM DAlate haiM jabaki kucha karma bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiN| bandhaka karmoM ko karma aura prabandhaka karmoM ko prakarma kahA jAtA hai / jaina vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma ke yathArtha svarUpa kI 1-gItA 4/16 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/22-24 / 3-gItA 4/16 /

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184 ] [ karma siddhAnta vivecanA sarvaprathama AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha karma ko vIrya (puruSArtha) kahate haiM, kucha akarma ko vIrya (puruSArtha) kahate haiN|' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sakriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai jabaki dUsare vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM niSkriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai| isa sambandha meM mahAvIra apane dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate hue, yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki karma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA evaM akarma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA kA abhAva aisA nahIM mAnanA cAhie / ve atyanta sImita zabdoM meM kahate haiN| pramAda karma hai, apramAda akarma hai| pramAda ko karma aura apramAda ko akarma kahakara mahAvIra yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki akarma niSkriyatA kI avasthA nahIM, vaha to satata jAgarukatA hai| apramatta avasthA yA Atma jAgRti kI dazA meM sakriyatA akarma hotI hai jabaki pramatta dazA yA Atma-jAgRti ke abhAva meM niSkriyatA bhI karma (bandhana) bana jAtI hai / vastutaH kisI kriyA kA bandhakatva mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM nahIM varan usake pIche rahe hue kaSAya bhAvoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI sthiti para nirbhara hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya jo ki prAtmA kI pramatta dazA hai kisI kriyA ko karma banA dete haiM / lekina kaSAya evaM Asakti se rahita kiyA hA karma-akarma bana jAtA hai / mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jo prAsrava yA bandhana kAraka kriyAe~ haiM ve hI anAsakti evaM viveka se samanvita hokara mukti ke sAdhana bana jAtI haiN| isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma apane bAhya svarUpa kI apekSA kartA ke viveka aura manovRtti para nirbhara hote haiN| jaina vicAraNA meM bandhakatva kI dRSTi se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| (1) ipithika kriyAe~ (akarma) aura (2) sAmparAyika kriyAe~ (karma yA vikarma) ipithika kriyAe~ niSkAma vItarAga dRSTi sampanna vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM jo bandhana kAraka nahIM hai jabaki sAmparAyika kriyAe~ Asakta vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM jo bandhana kAraka haiM / saMkSepa meM ve samasta kriyAe~ jo Asrava evaM bandha kA kAraNa haiM, karma haiM aura ve samasta kriyAe~ jo saMvara evaM nirjarA kA hetu haiM akarma haiM / jaina dRSTi meM akarma yA iryApathika karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa evaM moha. rahita hokara mAtra kartRtva athavA zarIra, nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA karma / jabaki karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa evaM moha sahita kriyAe~ / jaina darzana ke anusAra jo kriyA vyApAra rAga-dveSa aura moha se yukta hotA hai bandhana meM DAlatA hai aura isalie vaha karma hai aura jo kriyA-vyApAra rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita hokara kartavya nirvAha yA zarIra nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAtA hai vaha bandhana kA kAraNa 1--sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/1-2 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/3 / 3-AcArAMga 1/4/2/1 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 185 nahIM hai ata: akarma hai / jinheM jaina darzana meM iryApathika kriyAe~ yA akarma kahA gayA hai unheM bauddha paramparA anupacita, avyakta yA akRSNa, azukla karma kahatI hai aura jinheM jaina paramparA sAmparAyika kriyAe~ yA karma kahatI haiM unheM bauddha paramparA upacita karma yA kRSNa-zukla karma kahatI hai / Ae~, jarA isa sambandha meM vistAra se vicAra kreN| bauddha darzana meM karma-akarma kA vicAra : ___ bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI karma aura unake phala dene kI yogyatA ke prazna ko lekara mahAkarma vibhaMga meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai, jisakA ullekha zrImatI sUmAdAsa guptA ne apane prabandha "bhArata meM naitika darzana kA vikAsa" meM kiyA hai|' bauddha darzana kA pramukha prazna yaha hai ki kauna se karma upacita hote haiN| karma ke upacita se tAtparya saMcita hokara phala dene kI kSamatA ke yogya hone se hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karma ke bandhana kAraka hone se hai / bauddha paramparA kA upacita karma jaina paramparA ke viSayodayI karma se aura bauddha paramparA kA anupacita karma jaina paramparA ke pradezodayI karma (ipithika karma) se tulanIya hai| mahAkarma vibhaMga meM karma kI kRtyatA aura upacitatA ke sambandha ko lekara karma kA eka caturvida vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 1. ve karma jo kRta (sampAdita) nahIM haiM lekina upacita (phala pradAtA) haiM-vAsanAoM ke tIvra Avega se prerita hokara kiye gaye aise karma saMkalpa jo kArya rUpa meM pariNita na ho pAye haiM, isa varga meM Ate haiN| jaise kisI vyakti ne krodha yA dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI ko mArane kA saMkalpa kiyA ho lekina vaha use mArane kI kriyA ko sampAdita na kara sakA ho| 2. ve karma jo kRta haiM lekina upacita bhI haiM-ve samasta aicchika karma jinako saMkalpa pUrvaka sampAdita kiyA gayA hai, isa koTi meM Ate haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki akRta upacita karma aura kRta upacita karma donoM zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| 3. ve karma jo kRta haiM lekina upacita nahIM haiM-abhidhammakoSa ke anusAra nimna karma kRta hone para upacita nahIM hote haiM arthAt apanA phala nahIM dete haiM :(a) ve karma jinheM saMkalpa pUrvaka nahIM kiyA gayA hai arthAt jo sacintya nahIM haiM, upacita nahIM hote haiN| 1-DevalapamenTa Apha mArala philAsaphI ina iMDiyA, pRSTha 168-174 /

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186 ] [ karma siddhAnta ( ba ) ve karma jo sacintya hote hue bhI sahasAkRta haiM, upacita nahIM hote haiM / inheM hama zrAkasmika karma kaha sakate haiM / Adhunika manovijJAna meM inheM vicAra prerita karma (AiDiyA moTara ekTIviTI) kahA jA sakatA hai | bhrAnti vaza kiyA gayA karma bhI upacita nahIM hotA / ( sa ) (da) kRta karma ke karane ke pazcAt yadi anutApa yA glAni ho to usakA prakaTana karake pApa virati kA vrata lene se kRta karma upacita nahIM hotA / (I) zubha kA abhyAsa karane se tathA Azraya bala se ( buddha ke zaraNAgata ho jAne se ) bhI pApa karma upacita nahIM hotA / 4. ve karma jo kRta bhI nahIM haiM aura upacita bhI nahIM haiM-svapnAvasthA for gae karma isI prakAra ke hote haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM prathama do vargoM ke karma prANI ko bandhana meM DAlate haiM lekina antima do prakAra ke karma prANI ko bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiM / bauddha prAcAra darzana meM bhI rAga-dva eSa aura moha se yukta hone para karma ko bandhana kAraka mAnA jAtA hai jabaki rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita karma ko bandhana kAraka nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / bauddha darzana bhI rAga-dveSa aura moha rahita arhata ke kriyA vyApAra ko bandhana kAraka nahIM mAnatA hai / aise karmoM ko prakRSNa - prazukla yA vyakta karma bhI kahA gayA hai / gItA meM karma-karma kA svarUpa : gItA bhI isa sambandha meM gaharAI se vicAra karatI hai ki kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka aura kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka nahIM hai ? gItAkAra karma ko tIna bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kara detA hai / (1) karma, (2) vikarma, (3) akarma | gItA ke anusAra karma aura vikarma bandhana kAraka haiM jabaki akarma bandhana kAraka nahIM haiM / (1) karma - phala kI icchA se jo zubha karma kiye jAte haiM, usakA nAma karma hai | (2) vikarma - samasta azubha karma jo vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke lie kie jAte haiM, vikarma haiN| sAtha hI phala kI icchA evaM azubha bhAvanA se jo dAna, tapa, sevA Adi zubha karma kiye jAte haiM ve bhI vikarma kahalAte haiN| gItA meM kahA gayA

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 187 hai jo tapa mUr3hatApUrvaka haTha se mana, vANI, zarIra kI pIr3A sahita athavA dUsare kA aniSTa karane kI nIyata se kiyA jAtA hai vaha tApasa kahalAtA hai / " sAdhAraNatayA mana, vANI evaM zarIra se hone vAle hiMsA, asatya, corI Adi niSiddha karma mAtra hI vikarma, samajhe jAte haiM, parantu ve bAhya rUpa se vikarma pratIta hone vAle karma bhI kabhI kartA kI bhAvanAnusAra karma yA akarma ke rUpa meM badala jAte haiM / Asakti aura ahaMkAra se rahita hokara zuddha bhAva evaM mAtra kartavya buddhi se kiye jAne vAle hiMsAdi karma (jo dekhane meM vikarma se pratIta hote haiM) bhI phalotpAdaka na hone se karma hI haiM / (3) karma - phalAsakti rahita ho apanA kartavya samajha kara jo bhI karma kiyA jAtA hai usa karma kA nAma akarma hai / gItA ke anusAra paramAtmA meM abhinna bhAva se sthita hokara kartApana ke abhimAna se rahita puruSa dvArA jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mukti ke atirikta anya phala nahIM dene vAlA hone se akarma hI hai / karma kI artha vivakSA para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra : jaisA ki hamane dekhA jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke prAcAra darzana, kriyA vyApAra ko bandhakatva kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM bAMTa dete haiM / ( 1 ) bandhaka karma aura (2) prabandhaka karma / prabandhaka kriyA vyApAra ko jaina darzana meM akarma yA iryApathika karma / bauddha darzana meM prakRSNa azukla karma yA avyakta karma tathA gItA meM karma kahA gayA hai / prathamataH sabhI samAlocya AcAra darzanoM kI dRSTi meM akarma karma - abhAva nahIM hai / jaina vicAraNA ke zabdoM meM karma prakRti ke udaya ko samajha kara binA rAga-dva eSa ke jo karma hotA hai, vaha akarma hI hai / mana, vANI, zarIra kI kriyA ke prabhAva kA nAma hI akarma nahIM / gItA ke anusAra vyakti kI manodazA ke AdhAra se kriyA na karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA kriyA tyAga rUpa akarma bhI karma bana sakatA hai / aura kriyAzIla vyaktiyoM kA karma bhI akarma bana sakatA hai / gItA kahatI hai karmendriyoM kI saba kriyAoM ko tyAga, kriyA rahita puruSa jo apane ko sampUrNa kriyAoM kA tyAgI samajhatA hai, usake dvArA prakaTa rUpa se koI kAma hotA huA na dIkhane para bhI tyAga kA abhimAna yA Agraha rahane ke kAraNa usase vaha tyAga rUpa karma hotA hai| usakA vaha tyAga kA abhimAna yA Agraha akarma ko bhI karma banA detA hai / isI prakAra kartavya prApta 1 - gItA 17/19 / 2 - gItA 18 / 17 / 3 - gItA 3 / 10 / 4 - gItA 3 / 6 /

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188 ] [ karma siddhAnta hone para bhaya yA svArtha vaza kartavya karma se muMha mor3anA, vihita karmoM kA tyAga kara denA Adi meM bhI karma nahIM hote, parantu isa akarma dazA meM bhI bhaya yA rAga bhAva akarma ko bhI karma banA detA hai| jabaki anAsakta vRtti aura kartavya kI dRSTi se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai / vaha rAga-dveSa ke abhAva ke kAraNa akarma bana jAtA hai / upayuMkta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki karma aura akarma kA nirNaya kevala zArIrika kriyAzIlatA yA niSkriyatA se nahIM hotA / kartA ke bhAvoM ke anusAra hI karmoM kA svarUpa banatA hai| isa rahasya ko samyak rUpeNa jAnane vAlA hI gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM manuSyoM meM buddhimAna yogI hai| sabhI vivecya prAcAra darzanoM meM karma-akarma vicAra meM vAsanA, icchA yA kartRtva bhAva hI pramukha tattva mAnA gayA hai / yadi karma ke sampAdana meM vAsanA, icchA yA kartRtva buddhi kA bhAva nahIM hai to vaha karma bandhaka kAraka nahIM hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bandhana kI dRSTi se vaha karma-akarma bana jAtA hai, vaha kriyA akriyA ho jAtI hai| vastutaH karma-akarma vicAra meM kriyA pramukha tattva nahIM hotI hai, pramukha tattva hai, kartA kA cetana pakSa / yadi cetanA jAgrata hai, apramatta hai, vizuddha hai, vAsanA zUnya hai, yathArtha dRSTi sampanna hai to phira kriyA kA bAhya svarUpa adhika mUlya nahIM rakha sktaa| pUjyapAda kahate haiM "jo Atma tattva meM sthira hai vaha bolate hue bhI nahIM bolatA hai, calate hue bhI nahIM calatA hai, dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA hai / " AcArya amRtacandra sUrI kA kathana hai rAgAdi (bhAvoM) se mukta yukta AcaraNa karate hue yadi hiMsA (prANaghAta) ho jAve to vaha hiMsA nahIM hai| arthAt hiMsA aura ahiMsA, pApa aura puNya bAhya pariNAmoM para nirbhara nahIM hote haiM varan usameM kartA kI cittavRtti hI pramukha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai-bhAvoM se virakta jIva zoka rahita ho jAtA hai, vaha kamala patra kI taraha saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI lipta nahIM hotaa| gItAkAra bhI isI vicAra dRSTi ko prastuta karate hue kahatA hai jisane karma phalAsakti kA tyAga kara diyA hai, jo vAsanA zUnya hone ke kAraNa sadaiva hI AkAMkSA rahita hai aura prAtma tattva meM sthira hone ke kAraNa pAlambana rahita hai, vaha kriyAoM ko karate hue bhI kucha nahIM karatA hai / gItA kA akarma jaina darzana ke saMvara aura nirjarA se bhI tulanIya hai / jisa prakAra jaina darzana meM saMvara evaM nirjarA ke hetu kiyA jAne vAlA samasta kriyA vyApAra mokSa kA hetu hone se akarma hI mAnA gayA hai| usI prakAra gItA meM bhI phalAkAMkSA se rahita hokara IzvarIya Adeza ke pAlanArtha jo niyata karma kiyA jAtA hai vaha akarma hI mAnA 1 - gItA 18/7 / 2-gItA 4/18 / 3-iSTopadeza 41 / 4-puruSArtha0 45 / 5-uttarA0 32/66 / 6-gItA 4/20 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 186 gayA hai / donoM meM jo vicAra sAmya hai vaha eka tulanAtmaka adhyetA ke lie kAphI mahattvapUrNa hai| gItA aura jainAgama AcArAMga meM milane vAlA nimna vicAra sAmya bhI vizeSa rUpeNa draSTavya hai| prAcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai 'agrakarma aura mUla karma ke bhedoM meM viveka rakhakara hI karma kara / ' aise karmoM kA kartA hone para bhI vaha sAdhaka niSkarma hI kahA jAtA hai| niSkarmatA ke jIvana meM upAdhiyoM kA Adhikya nahIM hotA, laukika pradarzana nahIM hotaa| usakA zarIra mAtra yoga kSetra kA (zArIrika kriyAoM) vAhaka hotA hai / ' gItA kahatI hai Atma vijetA, indriyajita sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhane vAlA vyakti karma kA kartA hone para niSkarma kahA jAtA hai / vaha karma se lipta nahIM hotaa| jo phalAsakti se mukta hokara karma karatA hai vaha naiSThika zAnti prApta karatA hai| lekina jo phalAsakti se bandhA huA hai vaha kucha nahIM karatA huA bhI karma bandhana se bandha jAtA hai / gItA kA uparokta kathana sUtrakRtAMga ke nimna kathana se bhI kAphI nikaTatA rakhatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai mithyA dRSTi vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha phalAsakti se yukta hone ke kAraNa azuddha hotA hai aura bandhana kA hetu hai / lekina samyak dRSTi vAle vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha zuddha hai kyoMki vaha nirvANa kA hetu hai|3 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki donoM hI prAcAra darzanoM meM akarma kA artha niSkriyatA to vivakSita nahIM hai lekina phira bhI tilakajI ke anusAra yadi isakA artha niSkAma buddhi se kiye gaye pravRttimaya sAMsArika karma mAnA jAya to vaha buddhi saMgata nahIM hogaa| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra niSkAma buddhi se yukta hokara athavA vItarAgAvasthA meM sAMsArika pravRttimaya karma kA kiyA jAnA hI sambhava nahIM / tilakajI ke anusAra niSkAma buddhi se yukta ho yuddha lar3A jA sakatA hai| lekina jaina darzana ko yaha svIkAra nhiiN| usakI dRSTi meM akarma kA artha mAtra zArIrika anivArya karma hI abhipreta hai| jaina darzana kI iryApathika kriyAe~ pramukhatayA anivArya zArIrika kriyAe~ hI haiN| gItA meM bhI akarma kA artha zArIrika anivArya karma ke rUpa meM grahita hai (4/21) AcArya zaMkara ne apane gItA bhASya meM anivArya zArIrika karmoM ko akarma kI koTi meM mAnA hai| . lekina thor3A adhika gaharAI se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki jaina vicAraNA meM bhI akarma anivArya zArIrika kriyAoM ke atirikta nirapekSa rUpa 1-AcArAMga 1/3/2/4, 1/3/1/110-dekhie AcArAMga (saMtabAla) pariziSTa pRSTha 36-37 / 2-gItA 5/7, 5/12 / 3-sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/22-23 / 4-gItA rahasya 4/16 (ttippnnii)| 5-sUtrakRtAMga 2/2/12 / 6-gItA (zAM0) 4/21 /

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160 ] [ karma siddhAnta se janakalyANArtha kiye jAne vAle karma tathA karmakSaya ke hetu kiyA jAne vAlA tapa, svAdhyAya Adi bhI samAviSTa hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra jo pravRttiyA~ pramAda rahita haiM, ve akarma haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI saMgha pravartana Adi loka kalyANa kAraka pravRttiyA~ evaM sAmAnya sAdhaka ke karmakSaya (nirjarA) ke hetu kiye gaye sabhI sAdhanAtmaka karma akarma haiM / saMkSepa meM jo karma rAga-dveSa se rahita hone se bandhana kAraka nahIM haiM ve akarma hI haiN| gItA rahasya meM bhI tilakajI ne yahI dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai-karma aura akarma kA jo vicAra karanA ho to vaha itanI hI dRSTi se karanA cAhie ki manuSya ko vaha karma kahA~ taka baddha karegA, karane para bhI jo karma hameM baddha nahIM karatA usake viSaya meM kahanA cAhie ki usakA karmatva athavA bandhakatva naSTa ho gyaa| yadi kisI bhI karma kA bandhakatva arthAt karmatva isa prakAra naSTa ho jAya to phira vaha karma akarma hI huA-karma ke bandhakatva se yaha nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha karma hai yA akarma / ' jaina aura bauddha AcAra darzana meM arhata ke kriyA vyApAra ko tathA gItA meM sthitaprajJa ke kriyA vyApAra ko bandhana aura vipAka rahita mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki arhata yA sthitaprajJa meM rAga-dveSa aura moha rUpI vAsanAoM kA pUrNatayA abhAva hotA hai ataH usakA kriyA vyApAra bandhana kAraka nahIM hotA hai aura isalie vaha akarma kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra tInoM hI prAcAra darzana isa sambandha meM eka mata haiM ki vAsanA evaM kaSAya se rahita niSkAma karma akarma hai aura vAsanA sahita sakAma karma hI karma hai, bandhana kAraka hai| uparokta AdhAroM para se niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki karma-akarma vivakSA meM karma kA caitasika pakSa hI mahattvapUrNa rahatA hai / kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka hai aura kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka nahIM hai isakA nirNaya kriyA ke bAhya svarUpa se nahIM varan kriyA ke mUla meM nihita cetanA kI rAgAtmakatA ke AdhAra para hogaa| paM0 sukhalAlajI karma graMtha kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki amuka kAma nahIM karane se apane ko puNya-pApa kA lepa nahIM lgegaa| isase ve kAma ko chor3a dete haiM para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chuutttii| isase ve icchA rahane para bhI puNya-pApa ke lepa (bandha) se apane ko mukta nahIM kara skte| yadi kaSAya (rAgAdibhAva) nahIM hai to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko bandhana meM rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| isase ulTA yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vartamAna hai to Upara se hajAra yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko bandhana se chur3A nahIM sktaa| isI se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki Asakti chor3akara jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bandhaka nahIM hotA hai / 0 1-gItA rahasya, pRSTha 684 / 2- karmagrantha-prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 25-26 /