Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prAcInatama saGkalana : RSibhASita jaina Agama-sAhitya meM RSibhASita kA sthAna vidhi ko samApta kiyA hai| unhoMne jina prakIrNakoM kA ullekha kiyA RSibhASita-(isibhAsiyAI) ardhamAgadhI jaina Agama-sAhitya kA hai unameM RSibhASita bhI samAhita hai| isa prakAra vargIkaraNa kI pracalita eka prAcInatama grantha hai| vartamAna meM jaina AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI paddhati meM RSibhASita kI gaNanA prakIrNaka sUtroM meM kI jA sakatI hai| jo paddhati pracalita hai, usameM ise prakIrNaka granthoM ke antargata vargIkRta prAcInakAla meM jaina paramparA meM ise eka mahattvapUrNa grantha mAnA kiyA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM 12 aMga aura 14 aMgabAhya mAne jAtA thaa| Avazyakaniyukti meM bhadrabAhu RSibhASita para bhI niyukti gaye haiM; kintu unameM RSibhASita kA ullekha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara jaina likhane kI pratijJA karate haiM, vartamAna meM yaha niyukti upalabdha nahIM paramparA meM sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI, jo 32 Agama mAnate haiM , hotI hai| Aja to yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai ki yaha niyukti likhI unameM bhI RSibhASita kA ullekha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA gaI thI yA nhiiN| yadyapi 'isimaNDala' jisakA ullekha AcArAMgacUrNi meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 2cUlikAsUtra aura meM hai, isase sambandhita avazya pratIta hotA hai| ina sabase itanA to 10 prakIrNaka, aise jo 45 Agama mAne jAte haiM, unameM bhI 10 prakIrNako siddha ho jAtA hai ki RSibhASita eka samaya taka jaina paramparA kA me hameM kahIM RSibhASita kA nAma nahIM miltaa| yadyapi nandIsUtra aura mahattvapUrNa grantha rahA hai| sthAnAMga meM isakA ullekha praznavyAkaraNadazA pAkSikasUtra meM jo kAlika sUtroM kI gaNanA kI gayI hai unameM RSibhASita ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM huA hai| samavAyAMga isake 44 adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya meM aMgabAhya granthoM kA ullekha karatA hai| nandIsUtra, pAkSikasUtra Adi meM isakI gaNanA kI jo sUcI dI hai usameM sarvaprathama sAmAyika Adi 6 granthoM kA ullekha kAlikasUtroM meM kI gaI hai| Avazyakaniyukti ise dharmakathAnuyoga kA hai aura usake pazcAt dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazA (AcAradazA), grantha kahatI hai (Avazyakaniyukti-hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 206) / kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha aura RSibhASita kA ullekha hai| haribhadra Avazyakaniyukti kI vRtti meM eka sthAna para isakA ullekha uttarAdhyayana RSibhASita kA racanAkrama evaM kAla ke sAtha karate haiM aura dUsare sthAna para 'deviMdathaya' nAmaka prakIrNaka yaha grantha apanI bhASA, chandayojanA aura viSayavastu kI dRSTi ke saath|' haribhadra ke isa bhrama kA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki unake se ardhamAgadhI jaina Agama granthoM meM atiprAcIna hai| merI dRSTi meM yaha sAmane RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) ke sAtha-sAtha RSimaNDalastava grantha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha se kiMcit paravartI tathA sUtrakRtAMga, (isimaNDalathau) nAmaka grantha bhI thA, jisakA ullekha AcArAMgacUrNi uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika jaise prAcIna Agama granthoM kI apekSA meM hai aura unakA uddezya RSibhASita ko uttarAdhyayana ke sAtha aura pUrvavartI siddha hotA hai| itanA sunizcita hai ki isakI chandayojanA, RSimaNDalastava ko 'deviMdathaya' ke sAtha jor3ane kA hogaa| yaha bhI zailI evaM bhASA atyanta prAcIna hai| merI dRSTi meM isakA vartamAna svarUpa smaraNIya hai ki isimaNDala (RSimaNDala) meM na kevala RSibhASita bhI kisI bhI sthiti meM IsApUrva tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se paravartI siddha ke aneka RSiyoM kA ullekha hai, apita isibhAsiyAI meM unake jo nahIM hotA hai| sthAnAMga meM prApta sUcanA ke anusAra yaha grantha prArambha upadeza aura adhyAya haiM unakA bhI saMketa hai| isase yaha bhI nizcita meM praznavyAkaraNadazA kA eka bhAga thA, sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNadazA hotA hai ki isimaNDala kA kartA RSibhASita se avagata thaa| mAtra kI jo dasa dazAe~ varNita haiM, unameM RSibhASita kA bhI ullekha hai| yahI nahIM RSimaNDala meM to krama aura nAmabheda ke sAtha RSibhASita samavAyAMga isake 44 adhyayana hone kI bhI sUcanA detA hai| ataH ke lagabhaga sabhI RSiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isimaNDala kA yaha inakA pUrvavartI to avazya hI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM nami, bAhuka, rAmaputta, ullekha AcArAMgacUrNi 'isiNAmakittaNaM isimaNDalasthau ' (pR0 374) asitadevala, dvaipAyana, parAzara Adi RSiyoM kA evaM unakI AcAragata meM hone se yaha nizcita hI usake pUrva (7vIM zatI) kA pUrva ke grantha mAnyatAoM kA kiMcit nirdeza hai| inheM tapodhana aura mahApuruSa kahA hai| vidvAnoM ko isa sambandha meM vizeSa rUpa se cintana karanA caahie| gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki ye pUrva RSi isa (Arhat pravacana) isimaNDala ke saMbaMdha meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki vaha tapAgaccha ke dharmaghoSasUri meM 'sammata' mAne gaye haiN| inhoMne (sacitta) bIja aura pAnI kA sevana kI racanA hai, kintu yaha dhAraNA mujhe bhrAnta pratIta hotI hai kyoMki karake bhI mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| ata: pahalA prazna yahI uThatA hai ye 14 vIM zatI ke AcArya haiN| vastuta: isimaNDala kI bhASA se bhI ki inheM sammAnita rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM sUtrakRtAMga ke pahale kisa aisA lagatA hai ki yaha prAcIna grantha hai aura isakA lekhaka RSibhASita grantha meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM kevala RSibhASita hI kA jJAtA hai| AcArya jinaprabha ne vidhimArgaprapA meM tapa ArAdhanA ke eka aisA grantha hai, jisameM inheM sammAnita rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gyaa| sAtha AgamoM ke svAdhyAya kI jisa vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai, usameM sUtrakRtAMga kI gAthA kA 'isa-sammatA' zabda svayaM sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA prakIrNakoM meM RSibhASita kA ullekha karake prakIrNaka adhyayana krama RSibhASita ke pUrva astitva kI sUcanA detA hai| jJAtavya hai ki sUtrakRtAMga
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa - 6 84 3 aura RSibhASita donoM meM jainetara paramparA ke aneka RSiyoM yathA asitadevala, bAhuka Adi kA sammAnita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi donoM a: bhASA evaM zailI bhI mukhyataH padyAtmaka hI hai, phira bhI bhASA ke dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA bhI RSibhASita kI apekSA paravartIkAla kI lagatI hai kyoMki usakI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta ke nikaTa hai| jabaki RSibhASita kI bhASA kucha paravartI parivartana ko chor3akara prAcIna ardhamAgadhI hai| punaH jahA~ sUtrakRtAMga meM itara dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA kI gayI hai, vahA~ RSibhASita meM itara paramparA ke RSiyoM kA sammAnita rUpa meM hI ullekha huA hai| yaha sunizcita satya hai ki yaha grantha jainadharma evaM saMgha ke suvyavasthita hone ke pUrva likhA gayA thaa| isa grantha ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai ki isake racanAkAla taka jaina saMgha meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA pUrNataH abhAva thaa| maMkhaligozAlaka aura usakI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hameM jaina Agama sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI aura upAsakadazAMgara meM aura bauddha paramparA ke suttanipAta, dIghanikAya ke sAmaJJaphalasutta Adi meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM yadyapi spaSTataH maMkhaligozAlaka kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu usake Ardraka nAmaka adhyayana meM niyativAda kI samAlocanA avazya hai| yadi hama sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to bhagavatI kA maMkhaligozAlaka vAlA prakaraNa sUtrakRtAMga aura upAsakadazAMga kI apekSA bhI paryApta paravartI siddha hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga, upAsakadazAGga aura pAlitripiTaka ke aneka grantha maMkhaligozAlaka ke niyativAda ko prastuta karake usakA khaNDana karate haiN| phira bhI jaina Agama granthoM kI apekSA suttanipAta meM maMkhaligozAlaka kI gaNanA buddha ke samakAlIna cha: tIrthaMkaroM meM karake unake mahatva aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva kA varNana avazya kiyA gayA hai, 14 kintu pAlitripiTaka ke prAcInatama grantha suttanipAta kI apekSA bhI RSibhASita meM use arhataRSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| ataH dhArmika udAratA kI dRSTi se RSibhASita kI racanA pAlitripiTaka kI apekSA bhI prAcIna hai kyoMki kisI bhI dharmasaMgha ke suvyavasthita hone ke pazcAt hI usameM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA vikAsa ho pAtA hai| RSibhASita spaSTarUpa se yaha sUcita karatA hai ki usakI racanA jaina- paramparA meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza Ane ke bahuta pUrva ho cukI thI / kevala AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jaina Agama granthoM meM yaha dhArmika abhiniveza nyUnAdhika rUpa meM avazya parilakSita hotA hai| ataH RSibhASita kevala AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jainAgamoM se prAcIna siddha hotA hai| bhASA, chandayojanA Adi kI dRSTi se bhI yaha AcArAMga ke prathamata skandha aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke madhya meM hI siddha hotA hai| bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM prAcInatama grantha suttanipAta hai15 kintu usameM bhI vaha udAratA nahIM hai jo RSibhASita meM hai tripiTaka sAhitya meM RSibhASita meM ullikhita kucha RSiyoM yathA nArada, 16 asitadevala, 17 piMga, 18 maMkhaliputra, 19 saMjaya (velaTThiputta), vardhamAna (niggathaM nAtaputta), kumAputtara Adi ke ullekha haiM kintu ina sabhI ko buddha se nimna hI batAyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ve prantha bhI sAmpradAyika abhiniveza mukta nahIM haiM, ataH yaha unakA bhI pUrvavartI hI hai| RSibhASita meM ullikhita aneka gAvAMza aura gAthAe~ bhAva, bhASA aura zabdayojanA kI dRSTi se jaina paramparA ke sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika aura bauddha paramparA ke suttanipAta, dhammapada Adi prAcIna granthoM meM pAI jAtI hai| ataH unakI racanA zailI kI apekSA bhI yaha pUrvavartI hI siddha hotA hai / yadyapi yaha tarka diyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha bhI sambhava hai| ki ye gAthAe~ evaM vicAra bauddhagrantha suttanipAta evaM jainagrantha uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika se RSibhASita meM gaye haiM, kintu yaha bAta isalie samucita nahIM hai ki prathama to RSibhASita kI bhASA, chanda-yojanA Adi ina granthoM kI apekSA prAcInakAla kI hai aura AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama skandha tathA suttanipAta ke adhika nikaTa hai| dUsare jahA~ RSibhASita meM ina vicAroM ko anya paramparAoM ke RSiyoM ke sAmAnya siddhAnta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vahAM bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya aura jaina sAhitya se inheM apanI paramparA se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika kRSi kI carcA RSibhASita 23 meM do bAra aura suttanipAta 24 meM eka bAra huI hai kintu jahA~ suttanipAta meM buddha kahate haiM ki maiM isa prakAra kI AdhyAtmika kRSi karatA hU~ vahA~ RSibhASita kA RSi kahatA hai ki jo bhI isa prakAra kI kRSi karegA vaha cAhe brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zUdra ho mukta hogA / ataH RSibhASita AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara jaina aura bauddha paramparA ke anya granthoM kI apekSA prAcIna hI siddha hotA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha bhI pAte haiM ki RSibhASita meM ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA prAcInatama rUpa bahuta kucha surakSita hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM RSibhASita meM AtmA ke lie 'AtA' kA prayoga huA hai jabaki jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhI attA, appA, AdA, AyA Adi zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai jo ki paravartI prayoga haiN| 'ta' zruti kI bahulatA nizcitarUpa se isa grantha ko uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA pUrvavartI siddha karatI hai kyoMki uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA meM 'ta' ke lopa kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| RSibhASita meM jANati, paritappati, gacchatI, vijjatI, vaTTatI, pavattatI Adi rUpoM kA prayoga bahulatA se milatA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhASA aura viSayavastu donoM kI hI dRSTi se yaha eka pUrvavartI grantha hai| agandhana kula ke sarpa kA rUpaka hameM uttarAdhyayana 25, dazavaikAlika 26 aura RSibhASita " tInoM meM milatA hai| kintu tInoM sthAnoM ke ullekhoM ko dekhane para yaha spaSTa rUpa se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki RSibhASita kA yaha ullekha uttarAdhyayana tathA dazavaikAlika kI apekSA atyadhika prAcIna hai| kyoMki RSibhASita meM muni ko apane patha se vicalita na hone ke lie isakA mAtra eka rUpaka ke rUpa meM prayoga huA hai jabaki dazavekAlika aura uttarAdhyayana meM yaha rUpaka rAjamatI aura rathanemi kI kathA ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| prakAra AdhyAtmika kRSi kA rUpaka RSibhASita ke adhyAya 26 evaM 32 meM aura suttanipAta adhyAya 4 meM hai kintu suttanipAta meM jahA~ buddha svayaM kahate haiM ki maiM kRSi karatA hU~, vahA~ RSibhASita meM vaha eka sAmAnya upadeza hai, jisake anta meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo isa prakAra kI kRSi karatA 17 .
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prAcInaka saGkalana RSibhASita RSibhASita kA praznavyAkaraNa se pRthakkaraNa 1 aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki kyoM pahale to use praznavyAkaraNadazA meM DAlA gayA aura bAda meM use usase alaga kara diyA gayA? merI dRSTi meM pahale to vizuddha rUpa se AdhyAtmika upadezoM kA saMkalana hone se ise apane Agama sAhitya meM sthAna dene meM mahAvIra kI paramparA ke AcAryoM ko koI bAdhA pratIta nahIM huI hogI, kintu jaba jaina saMgha suvyavasthita huA aura apanI eka paramparA bana gaI to anya paramparAoM ke RSiyoM ko AtmasAt karanA usake lie kaThina ho gyaa| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa se RSibhASita ko alaga karanA koI Akasmika ghaTanA nahIM hai, apitu eka uddezyapUrNa ghaTanA hai| yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki eka ora to sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI" aura upAsakadazAMga meM maMkhaligozAlaka kI tathA jJAtAdharma" meM nArada kI AlocanA karate hue unake caritra ke hanana kA prayatna kiyA jAye aura dUsarI ora unheM arhat RSi kahakara unake upadezoM ko Agama vacana ke rUpa meM surakSita rakhA jaaye| IsA kI prathama zatI taka jainasaMgha kI zraddhA ko TikAye rakhane kA prazna pramukha bana gayA thaa| nArada, maMkhaligozAlaka, yAjJavalkya, sAriputra Adi ko arhat RRSi mAnakara unake vacanoM ko tIrthaMkara kI Agama vANI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA kaThina ho gayA thA, yadyapi ise bhI jaina AcAryoM kA saujanya hI kahA jAnA cAhie ki unhoMne RSibhASitako praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karake bhI prakIrNaka pranya ke rUpa meM use surakSita rkhaa| sAtha hI usakI prAmANikatA ko banAye rakhane ke lie use pratyekabuddhabhASita mAnA / yadyapi sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ne itanA avazya kiyA ki usameM ullikhita pArzva, vardhamAna, maMkhaliputra Adi ko Agama meM varNita unhIM vyaktitvoM se bhinna kahA jAne lgaa| hai vaha siddha (sijyaMti) hotA hai, phira cAhe vaha brAhmaNa ho, kSatriya ho, vaizya ho yA zUdra ho / 28 ataH RSibhASita suttanipAta, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika kI apekSA prAcIna hai| isa prakAra RSibhASita AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha kA paravartI aura zeSa sabhI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA pUrvavartI grantha hai| isI prakAra pAlitripiTaka ke prAcInatama grantha suttanipAta kI apekSA bhI prAcIna hone se yaha sampUrNa pAlitripiTaka se bhI pUrvavartI kahA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ taka isameM varNita aitihAsika RSiyoM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para kAlanirNaya karane kA prazna hai kevala vajjIputta ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI RSi mahAvIra aura buddha se yA to pUrvavartI haiM yA unake samakAlika haiN| pAlitripiTaka ke AdhAra para vajjIyaputta (vAtsIyaputra) bhI buddha ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna hI haiM, ve Ananda ke nikaTa the| vajjIputrIya sampradAya bhI buddha ke nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI meM hI astitva meM A gayA thaa| ataH inakA buddha ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna honA siddha hai / ataH aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI 'RSibhASita' buddha aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI meM hI nirmita ho gayA hogaa| yaha sambhava hai isameM bAda meM 'kucha parivartana huA ho merI dRSTi meM yaha isake racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA I0pU0 5vIM zatAbdI aura antima sImA I0 pU0 3zatI ke bIca hI hai ataH yaha isase adhika paravartI nahIM hai| mujhe antaH aura bAhya sAkSyoM meM koI bhI aisA tattva nahIM milA, jo ise isa kAlAvadhi se paravartI siddha kre| dArzanika vikAsa kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI hama isameM na to jaina siddhAntoM kA aura na bauddha siddhAntoM kA vikasita rUpa pAte haiN| mAtra paMcAstikAva aura aSTavidha karma kA nirdeza hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ pArthApatyoM meM pracalita rahI ho aura vahIM se mahAvIra kI paramparA meM grahaNa kI gaI hoN| pariSaha, kaSAya Adi kI avadhAraNAe~ to prAcIna hI hai| RSibhASita ke vAtsIyaputra, mahAkAzyapa sAriputra Adi bauddha RSiyoM ke upadeza meM bhI kevala bauddha dharma ke prAcIna siddhAnta, santativAda, kSaNikavAda Adi hI milate haiM ataH bauddha dRSTi se bhI yaha jainAgama evaM pAlitripiTaka se prAcIna siddha hotA hai| , RSibhASita kI racanA RSibhASita kI racanA ke sambandha meM pro0 zuciMga evaM anya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha mUlataH pArzva kI paramparA meM nirmita huA hogA, kyoMki usa paramparA kA spaSTa prabhAva prathama adhyAya meM dekhA jAtA hai jahA~ brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko eka sAtha mAnakara use cAturyAma kI vyavasthA ke anurUpa DhAlA gayA hai| 11 punaH pArzva kA vistRta adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko puSTa karatA hai| dUsare ise pArzva kI paramparA kA mAnane kA eka AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki pArzva kI paramparA apekSAkRta adhika udAra thii| usakI anya parivrAjaka aura zramaNa paramparAoM se AcAravyavahAra Adi meM bhI adhika nikaTatA thI / pArzvApatyoM ke mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praveza ke sAtha yaha grantha mahAvIra kI paramparA meM AyA aura unakI paramparA meM nirmita dazAoM meM praznavyAkaraNadazA ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| 85 RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ko pratyekabuddha kyoM kahA gayA? RSibhASita ke mUlapATha meM ketaliputra ko RSi, aMbaDa (25) ko parivrAjaka; piMga (32), RSigiri (34) evaM zrI giri ko brAhmaNa (mAhaNa) parivrAjaka arhatRSi sAriputra ko buddha arhat RSi tathA zeSa sabhI ko arhat RSi ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gyaa| utkaTa (utkala) nAmaka adhyayana meM vaktA ke nAma kA ullekha hI nahIM hai, ataH usake sAtha koI vizeSaNa hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| yadyapi RSibhASita ke anta meM prApta honevAlI saMgrahaNI gAthA meM evaM RSimaNDala meM ina sabako pratyekabuddha kahA gayA hai tathA yaha bhI ullekha hai ki inameM se bIsa ariSTanemi ke pandraha pArzvanAtha ke aura zeSa mahAvIra ke zAsana meM hue| kintu yaha gAyA paravartI hai aura bAda meM jor3I gayI lagatI hai| mUlapATha meM kahIM bhI inakA pratyekabuddha ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM hai| samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita kI carcA ke prasaMga meM inheM mAtra devaloka se cyuta kahA gayA hai, pratyekabuddha nahIM kahA gayA hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga meM hI praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa dete samaya yaha kahA gayA hai ki isameM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke pravaktA pratyekabuddhoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hai| cUMki RSibhASita praznavyAkaraNa kA hI eka bhAga thaa| isa prakAra RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ko sarvaprathama samavAyAMga 14 .
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 86 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 meM parokSarUpa se pratyekabuddha mAna liyA gayA thaa|35 yaha spaSTa hai ki se lekara mithyAdarzanazalya taka ke 18 pApoM kA ullekha bhI milatA RSibhASita ke adhikAMza RSi jaina-paramparA ke nahIM the ata: unake hai| yaha adhyAya mokSa ke svarUpa kA vivecana bhI karatA hai aura use upadezoM ko mAnya rakhane ke lie unheM pratyekabuddha kahA gyaa| saMgrahaNIgAthA ziva, atula, amala, avyAghAta, apunarbhava, apunarAvartana tathA zAzvata to unheM spaSTarUpa se pratyekabuddha kahatI hI hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva sthAna batAtA hai| mokSa kA aisA hI svarUpa hameM jaina-Agama-sAhitya meM sUcita kiyaa| inheM pratyekabuddha kahane kA prayojana yahI thA ki inheM meM anyatra bhI milatA hai| pA~ca mahAvratoM aura cAra kaSAyoM kA vivaraNa jaina saMgha se pRthak mAnakara bhI inake upadezoM ko prAmANika mAnA jA to RSibhASita ke aneka adhyAyoM meM AyA hai| mahAkAzyapa nAmaka ske| jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM pratyekabuddha vaha vyakti hai, 9veM adhyayana meM puNya, pApa tathA saMvara aura nirjarA kI carcA upalabdha jo kisI nimitta se svayaM prabuddha hokara ekAkI sAdhanA karate hue jJAna hotI hai| isI adhyAya meM kaSAya kA bhI ullekha hai| naveM adhyAya prApta karatA hai, kintu na to vaha svayaM kisI kA ziSya banatA hai aura meM karma AdAna kI mukhya carcA karate hue mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, na kisI ko ziSya banAkara saMgha vyavasthA karatA hai| isa prakAra pratyekabuddha kaSAya tathA yoga ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai jo ki jaina paramparA kisI paramparA yA saMgha vyavasthA meM Abaddha nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI vaha ke pUrNata: anurUpa hai| isameM jaina paramparA ke aneka pAribhASika zabda samAja meM AdaraNIya hotA hai aura usake upadeza prAmANika mAne jAte haiN| yathA upakrama, baddha, spRSTa, nikAcita, nirjIrNa, siddhi, zaileSI avasthA, pradezodaya, vipAkodaya Adi pAye jAte haiN| isa adhyAya meM pratipAdita RSibhASita aura jainadharma ke siddhAnta AtmA kI nityAnityatA kI avadhAraNA siddhAvasthA kA svarUpa evaM RSibhASita kA samagrataH adhyayana hameM isa sambandha meM vicAra karmabandhana aura nirjarA kI prakriyA jaina darzana ke samAna hai| karane ko vivaza karatA hai ki kyA RSibhASita meM anya paramparAoM isI taraha aneka adhyAyoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI ke RSiyoM dvArA unakI hI apanI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karavAyA avadhAraNA bhI milatI hai| bArahaveM yAjJavalkya nAmaka adhyayana meM jaina gayA hai athavA unake mukha se jaina paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana paramparA ke anurUpa gocarI ke svarUpa evaM zuddhaSaNA kI carcA mila karavAyA gayA hai| prathama dRSTi ke dekhane para to aisA bhI lagatA hai ki unake jAtI hai| AtmA apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA aura kRta karmoM ke mukha se jaina mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| pro0 zubiMga aura unake phala kA bhoktA hai, yaha bAta bhI 15veM madhurAyana nAmaka adhyayana meM hI AdhAra para pro0 lallanajI gopAla ne pratyeka RSi ke upadezoM kI gayI hai| satrahaveM vidura nAmaka adhyayana meM sAvadhayoga virati aura ke pratipAdana ke prArambhika aura antima kathana kI ekarUpatA ke AdhAra samabhAva kI carcA hai| unnIsaveM AriyAyaNa nAmaka adhyAya meM Arya para yaha mAna liyA hai ki granthakAra RSiyoM ke upadezoM ke prastutIkaraNa jJAna, Aryadarzana aura Aryacaritra ke rUpa meM prakArAntara se samyagjJAna, meM prAmANika nahIM haiN| usane inake upadezoM ko apane hI DhaMga se prastuta samyagdarzana aura samyakcaritra kI hI carcA hai| bAIsavA~ adhyAya dharma karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| adhikAMza adhyAyoM meM jaina pAribhASika ke kSetra meM puruSa kI pradhAnatA kI carcA karatA hai tathA nArI kI nindA padAvalI yathA paMcamahAvrata, kaSAya , pariSaha Adi ko dekhakara isa karatA hai| isakI sUtrakRtAMga ke itthipariNNA nAmaka adhyayana se samAnatA kathana meM satyatA parilakSita hone lagatI hai| udAharaNArtha prathama, nArada hai| teIsaveM rAmaputta nAmaka adhyAya meM uttarAdhyayana (28/35) ke samAna nAmaka adhyayana meM yadyapi zauca ke cAra lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM, kintu hI jJAna ke dvArA jAnane, darzana ke dvArA dekhane, saMyama ke dvArA nigraha yaha adhyAya jaina paramparA ke cAturyAma kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| karane kI tathA tapa ke dvArA aSTavidha karma ke vidhunana kI bAta kahI vajjIyaputta nAmaka dvitIya adhyAya meM karma ke siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA gayI hai| aSTavidha karma kI yaha carcA kevala jaina paramparA meM hI pAyI kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya jIva ke karmAnugAmI hone jAtI hai| puna: caubIsaveM adhyAya meM bhI mokSamArga ke rUpa meM jJAna, kI dhAraNA kA pratipAdana karatA hai, sAtha hI moha ko du:kha kA mUla darzana evaM cAritra kI carcA hai| isI adhyAya meM deva, manuSya, tiryazca batAtA hai| yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki jisa prakAra bIja se aMkura aura aura nAraka-ina caturgatiyoM kI bhI carcA hai| pacIsaveM ambaDa nAmaka aMkara se bIja kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai, usI prakAra se moha se adhyAya meM cAra kaSAya, cAra vikathA, pA~ca mahAvrata, tIna gupti,paMca karma aura karma se moha kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai aura moha ke samApta indriya saMyama, cha: jIvanikAya, sAta bhaya, ATha mada, nau prakAra kA hone para karma-santati ThIka vaise hI samApta hotI hai jaise vRkSa ke mUla brahmacarya tathA dasa prakAra ke samAdhisthAna kI carcA hai| isa prakAra isa ko samApta karane para usake phala-pattI apane Apa samApta hote haiN| adhyAya meM jaina paramparA meM mAnya aneka avadhAraNAe~ eka sAtha upalabdha karma siddhAnta kI yaha avadhAraNA RSibhASita ke adhyAya 13, 15, ho jAtI haiN| isI adhyAya meM AhAra karane ke cha: kAraNoM kI vaha 24, aura 30 meM bhI milatI hai| jaina paramparA meM isase hI milatA-julatA carcA bhI hai, jo ki sthAnAMga (sthAna 61) Adi meM milatI hai| smaraNa vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke battIsaveM adhyAya se prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra rahe ki yadyapi jainAgamoM meM ambaDa ko parivrAjaka mAnA hai, phira bhI tIsare asitadevala nAmaka adhyAya meM hameM jaina paramparA aura vizeSarUpa use mahAvIra ke prati zraddhAvAn batAyA hai|36 yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM se AcArAMga meM upalabdha pApa ko lepa kahane kI bAta mila jAtI hai| sarvAdhika jaina avadhAraNAe~ upalabdha haiN| RSibhASita ke chabbIsaveM adhyAya isa adhyAya meM hameM pA~ca mahAvrata, cAra kaSAya tathA isI prakAra hiMsA meM uttarAdhyayana ke pacIsaveM adhyAya ke samAna hI brAhmaNa ke svarUpa
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prAcInaka saGkalana : RSibhASita 87 kI carcA hai| isI adhyAya meM kaSAya, nirjarA, cha: jIvanikAya aura niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM jina RSiyoM ke jina sarvaprANiyoM ke prati dayA kA bhI ullekha hai| ikatIsaveM pArzva nAmaka vicAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unameM kitanI prAmANikatA hai| adhyayana, meM puna: cAturyAma, aSTavidha karmagranthi, cAra gati, paMcAstikAya RSibhASita ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kA upadeza tathA mokSa sthAna ke svarUpa kA digdarzana hotA hai| isI adhyAya meM saMkalita hai| maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke sambandha meM hameM jaina paramparA meM jaina paramparA ke samAna jIva ko UrdhvagAmI aura pudgala ko adhogAmI bhagavatIsUtra aura upAsakadazAMga meM, bauddha paramparA meM dIghanikAya ke kahA gayA hai, kintu pArzva to jaina paramparA meM mAnya hI haiN| ata: isa sAmaJamahAphalasutta aura suttanipAta meM tathA hindu paramparA meM mahAbhArata adhyAya meM jaina avadhAraNAe~ honI Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / aba vidvAnoM ke zAntiparva ke 177 veM adhyAya meM maMkhI RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha kI yaha dhAraNA bhI banI hai ki jaina darzana kA tattvajJAna pArthApatyoM prApta hotA hai| tInoM hI srota use niyativAda kA samarthaka batAte haiN| kI hI dena hai| zubriga ne bhI isibhAsiyAiM para pArthApatyoM kA prabhAva yadi hama RSibhASita adhyAya 11 meM varNita maMkhaligozAlaka ke upadezoM mAnA hai| puna: 32veM piMga nAmaka adhyAya meM jaina paramparA ke anurUpa ko dekhate haiM to yahA~ bhI hameM parokSa rUpa se niyativAda ke saMketa cAroM vargoM kI mukti kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 34veM adhyAya upalabdha haiN| isa adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo padArthoM kI pariNati meM pariSaha aura upasargoM kI carcA hai| isI adhyAya meM paMca mahAvrata se ko dekhakara kampita hotA hai, vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai, kSobhita yukta, kaSAya se rahita, chinasrota, anAzrava bhikSu kI mukti kI bhI hotA hai, Ahata hotA hai, spaMdita hotA hai, calAyamAna hotA hai, prerita carcA hai| punaH 35veM uddAlaka nAmaka adhyAya meM tIna gupti, tIna daNDa, hotA hai vaha tyAgI nahIM hai| isake viparIta jo padArthoM kI pariNati tIna zalya, cAra kaSAya, cAra vikathA, pA~ca samiti, paMcendriyasaMyama, ko dekhakara kampita nahIM hotA hai, kSobhita nahIM hotA, duHkhita nahIM yogasandhAna evaM navakoTi parizuddha, daza doSa se rahita vibhinna kuloM kI hotA hai vaha tyAgI hai| parokSarUpa se yaha padArthoM kI pariNati ke sambandha parakRta, paranirdiSTa, vigatadhUma, zastrapariNata bhikSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha meM niyativAda kA pratipAdaka hai| saMsAra kI apanI eka vyavasthA aura hai| isI adhyAya meM saMjJA evaM 22 pariSahoM kA bhI ullekha hai| gati hai vaha usI ke anusAra cala rahA hai, sAdhaka ko usa krama kA jJAtA draSTA isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita meM aneka jaina avadhAraNAe~ to honA cAhie, kintu draSTA ke rUpa meM usase prabhAvita nahIM honA caahie| upasthita haiN| ata: yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki niyativAda kI mUlabhUta AdhyAtmika zikSA yahI ho sakatI hai ki hama kyA jaina AcAryoM ne RSibhASita kA saMkalana karate samaya apanI hI saMsAra ke ghaTanAkrama se sAkSI bhAva se rheN| isa prakAra yaha adhyAya gozAlaka avadhAraNAoM ko ina RSiyoM ke mukha se kahalavA diyA athavA mUlata: ke mUlabhUta AdhyAtmika upadeza ko hI pratibimbita karatA hai| isake ye avadhAraNAyeM ina RSiyoM kI hI thIM aura vahA~ se jaina paramparA meM viparIta jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM jo maMkhaligozAlaka ke siddhAnta praviSTa huiiN| yaha to spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita ullikhita RSiyoM meM kA nirUpaNa hai vaha vastuta: gozAlaka kI isa AdhyAtmika avadhAraNA pArzva aura mahAvIra ko chor3akara zeSa anya sabhI yA to svatantra sAdhaka meM nikAlA gayA eka vikRta dArzanika phalita hai| vastuta: RSibhASita rahe haiM yA anya paramparAoM ke rahe haiN| yadyapi inameM kucha ke ullekha kA racayitA gozAlaka ke siddhAntoM ke prati jitanA prAmANika hai, utane uttarAdhyayana aura sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI haiN| yadi hama isa tathya ko svIkAra prAmANika tripiTaka aura paravartI jaina AgamoM ke racayitA nahIM haiN| karate haiM ki isameM jo vicAra haiM ve una RSiyoM ke nahIM haiM to grantha mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva ke 177veM adhyAya meM maMkhi RSi kA kI aura granthakartA kI prAmANikatA khaNDita hotI hai, kintu dUsarI upadeza saMkalita hai| usameM eka ora niyativAda kA samarthana hai kintu ora yaha mAnanA ki ye sabhI avadhAraNAyeM jaina paramparA meM anya paramparAoM dUsarI ora isameM vairAgya kA upadeza bhI hai| isa adhyAya meM mUlataH se praviSTa huI pUrNata: santoSaprada nahIM lagatA hai| ata: sarvaprathama to draSTA bhAva aura saMsAra ke prati anAsakti kA upadeza hai| yaha adhyAya hama yaha parIkSaNa karane kA prayatna kareMge ki RSibhASita meM jina RSiyoM niyativAda ke mAdhyama se hI adhyAtma kA upadeza detA hai| isameM yaha ke upadeza saMkalita haiM ve unake apane haiM yA jaina AcAryoM ne apanI batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra kI apanI vyavasthA hai| manuSya apane puruSArtha bAta ko unake mukha se kahalavAyA hai| se bhI use apane anusAra nahIM mor3a pAtA hai ata: vyakti ko draSTA RSibhASita meM upadiSTa avadhAraNAoM kI prAmANikatA kA prazna bhAva rakhate hue saMsAra se virakta ho jAnA caahie| mahAbhArata ke isa yadyapi RSibhASita ke sabhI RSiyoM ke upadeza aura tatsambandhI adhyAya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki maMkhi RSi ko niyativAda kA samarthaka sAhitya hameM jainetara paramparAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA phira bhI inameM mAnate hue bhI usa niyativAda ke mAdhyama se unheM vairAgya kI dizA se kaI ke vicAra aura avadhAraNAe~ Aja bhI anya paramparAoM meM upalabdha meM prerita batAyA gayA hai| haiN| yAjJavalkya kA ullekha bhI upaniSadoM meM hai| vajjIyaputta, mahAkAzyapa isa AdhAra para RSibhASita meM maMkhaliputra kA upadeza jisa rUpa aura sAriputta ke ullekha bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM haiN| isI prakAra meM saMkalita milatA hai vaha nizcita hI prAmANika hai| vidura, nArAyaNa, asitadevala Adi ke ullekha mahAbhArata evaM hindU isI prakAra RSibhASita ke adhyAya 9 meM mahAkazyapa aura adhyAya paramparA ke anya granthoM meM mila jAte haiN| RSibhASita meM inake jo 38 meM sAriputta ke upadeza saMkalita haiN| ye donoM hI bauddha paramparA vicAra ullikhita haiM, unakI tulanA anya srotoM se karane para hama isa se sambandhita rahe haiN| yadi hama RSibhASita meM ullikhita inake vicAroM
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 88 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 ko dekhate haiM to spaSTa rUpa se isameM hameM bauddhadharma kI avadhAraNA ke mUlatattva parilakSita hote haiN| mahAkazyapa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA kA citraNa hai| isameM karma ko duHkha kA mUla kahA gayA hai aura karma kA mUla janma ko batAyA gayA hai jo ki bauddhoM ke pratItya-samutpAda kA hI eka rUpa hai| isI adhyAya meM eka vizeSatA hameM yaha dekhane ko milatI hai ki isameM karmasiddhAnta kA pratipAdana karate hue 'santAnavAda' kI carcA hai jo ki bauddhoM kA mUlabhUta siddhAnta hai / isa adhyAya meM nirvANa ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie bauddha darzana ke mUlabhUta dIpaka vAle udAharaNa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pUrA adhyAya santAnavAda aura karmasaMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vairAgya kA upadeza pradAna karatA hai| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki isameM bauddhadharma ke mUla bIja upasthita haiN| isI prakAra 38veM sAriputta nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI bauddha dharma ke mUla utsa madhyamamArga kA pratipAdana milatA hai| isake sAtha buddha ke prajJAvAda kA bhI isameM pratipAdana huA hai| isa adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki manojJa bhojana, zayanAsana kA sevana karate hue aura manojJa AvAsa meM rahate hue bhikSu sukhapUrvaka dhyAna karatA hai, phira bhI prAjJa puruSa ko sAMsArika padArthoM meM Asakta nahIM honA cAhie yahI buddha kA anuzAsana hai isa prakAra yaha adhyAya bhI buddha ke upadezoM ko prAmANika rUpa se prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra yAjJavalkya nAmaka 12veM adhyAya meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki yAjJavalkya ke mUlabhUta upadezoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| RSibhASita ke atirikta yAjJavalkya kA ullekha hameM upaniSadoM evaM mahAbhArata meM bhI milatA hai|" upaniSad meM jahA~ yAjJavalkya - maitreyI kA saMvAda hai vahA~ unakI saMnyAsa kI icchA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| RSibhASita meM bhI yAjJavalkya ke upadeza ke rUpa meM lokaiSaNA aura vittaiSaNA ke tyAga kI bAta kahI gayI hai tathA yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaba taka lokaiSaNA hotI hai taba taka vittaiSaNA hotI hai aura jaba vittaiSaNA hotI hai to lokaiSaNA hotI hai| isalie lokaiSaNA aura vittaiSaNA ke svarUpa ko jAnakara gopatha se jAnA cAhie, mahApatha se nahIM jAnA caahie| vastutaH aisA lagatA hai ki yahA~ nivRttimArga ko gopatha aura pravRttimArga ko mahApatha kahA gayA hai aura yAjJavalkya nivRtti mArga kA upadeza dete pratIta hote haiN| yahA~ sabase vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki bauddhadharma meM jo hInayAna aura mahAyAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa hai, kahIM vaha gopatha aura mahApatha kI avadhAraNA kA vikasita rUpa to nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM mahAyAna zabda AyA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhI adhyAya 310 se lekara 318 taka yAjJavalkya ke upadezoM kA saMkalana hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se sAMkhya aura yoga kI avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana hai| RSibhASita ke isa adhyAya meM muni kI bhikSA-vidhi kI carcA hai jo ki jaina paramparA ke anurUpa hI lagatI hai| vaise bRhadAraNyaka meM bhI yAjJavalkya bhikSAcaryA kA upadeza dete haiM phira bhI itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita ke lekhaka ne yAjJavalkya ke mUlabhUta upadezoM ko vikRta nahIM kiyA hai| RSibhASita ke 20 veM utkala nAmaka adhyAya meM bhautikavAda yA cArvAka darzana kA pratipAdana hai| isa adhyAya ke upadeza ke rUpa meM kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki isameM cArvAka ke vicAroM kA pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha pratipAdana huA hai| RSibhASita meM vardhamAna kA jo upadeza hai usakI yathArtha praticchAyA AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana meM evaM uttarAdhyayana ke 32 veM adhyAya meM yathAvat rUpa se upasthita hai| uparyukta AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki RSibhASita meM RSiyoM ke upadeza ko sAmAnya rUpa se prAmANikatApUrvaka hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi isameM mukhya rUpa se unake AdhyAtmika aura naitika vicAroM kA hI prastutIkaraNa huA hai aura usake pIche nihita darzana para isameM koI bala nahIM diyA gayA hai| dUsare yaha bhI satya hai ki unakA prastutIkaraNa yA grantha racanA jaina paramparA ke AcAryoM ke dvArA huI hai| ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki usameM jaina paramparA meM mAnya kucha paramparA kI avadhAraNAe~ pratibimbita ho gayI haiN| punaH isa vizvAsa ke bhI paryApta AdhAra haiM ki jinheM Aja hama jaina paramparA kI avadhAraNAe~ kaha rahe haiM, ve mUlataH anya paramparAoM meM pracalita rahI hoM aura vahA~ se jaina paramparA meM praviSTa ho gayI hoN| ataH RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ke upadezoM kI prAmANikatA ko pUrNataH nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| adhika se adhika hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki una para parokSarUpa se jaina paramparA kA kucha prabhAva A gayA hai| RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna " 2 yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki RSibhASita meM varNita adhikAMza RSigaNa jaina paramparA se sambandhita nahIM haiN| unake kucha nAmoM ke Age lage hue brAhmaNa, parivrAjaka Adi zabda hI unakA jaina paramparA se bhinna honA sUcita karate hai| dUsare deva nArada, asitadevala, oNgirasa bhAradvAja, yAjJavalkya bAhuka, vidura, vAriSeNavRSNa dvaipAyana, AruNi, uddAlaka, nArAyaNa aise nAma haiM jo vaidika paramparA meM suprasiddha rahe haiM aura Aja bhI unake upadeza upaniSadoM, mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM surakSita haiM, inameM se deva nArada, asitadevala, aMgirasa bhAradvAja, dvaipAyana ke ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMgu, antakRddazA, aupapAtika Adi jaina granthoM meM tathA bauddha tripiTika sAhitya meM bhI milate hai| isI prakAra vajjIyaputra, mahAkAzyapa aura sAriputra bauddha paramparA ke suprasiddha vyaktitva haiM aura unakA ullekha tripiTaka sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| maMkhaliputra rAmaputta, ambaDa (ambaSTa), saMjaya (velaTThaputra) Adi aise nAma haiM jo svatantra zramaNa paramparAoM se sambandhita haiM aura inake isa rUpa meM ullekha jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM hame spaSTa rUpa se milate haiN| RSibhASita ke jina RSiyoM ke ullekha bauddha sAhitya meM milate haiM una para vistRta carcA pro0sI0esa0 upAsaka ne apane lekha 'isimAsiyAi' eNDa pAli buddhisTa TeksTs e sTaDI' meM kiyA hai| yaha lekha paM0 dalasukhabhAI abhinandana grantha meM prakAzita huA hai| pArzva aura varddhamAna jaina paramparA ke teIsaveM aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM suspaSTa rUpa se mAnya haiN| AIka kA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMga meM hai| isake atirikta puSpazAlaputra, valkalacIrI, .
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina, bauddha aura aupaniSadika RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA prAcInaka saGkalana : RSibhASita 89 kurmAputra, ketaliputra, tetaliputra, bhayAli, indranAga aise nAma haiM jinameM hai| yaha sambhava hai ki soma, yama, varuNa, vaizramaNa isa grantha ke racanAkAla adhikAMza kA ullekha jaina paramparA ke isimaNDala evaM anya granthoM taka eka upadeSTA ke rUpa meM loka paramparA meM mAnya rahe hoM aura isI meM mila jAtA hai| puSpazAla, valkalacIrI, kurmAputra Adi kA ullekha AdhAra para inake upadezoM kA saMkalana RSibhASita meM kara liyA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI hai| kintu madhurAyaNa, soriyAyaNa AryAyana Adi uparyukta carcA ke AdhAra para niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama yaha avazya jinakA ullekha RSibhASita ke atirikta hindU, jaina aura bauddha paramparA kaha sakate haiM ki RSibhASita ke RSiyoM meM uparyukta cAra-pA~ca nAmoM meM anyatra nahIM milatA hai unheM bhI pUrNatayA kAlpanika vyakti nahIM kaha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI prAgaitihAsika aura aitihAsika kAla ke yathArtha skte| yadi hama RSibhASita ke RSiyoM kI sampUrNa sUcI kA avalokana vyakti haiM, kAlpanika caritra nahIM haiN| kareM to kevala soma, yama, varuNa, vAyu aura vaizramaNa, aise nAma haiM niSkarSa rUpa meM hama itanA hI kahanA cAheMge ki RSibhASita na jinheM kAlpanika kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jaina, bauddha aura vaidika kevala jaina paramparA kI apitu samagra bhAratIya paramparA kI eka amUlya tInoM hI paramparAe~ inheM sAmAnyatayA lokapAla ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra nidhi hai aura isameM bhAratIya cetanA kI dhArmika udAratA apane yathArtha karatI haiM, kintu inameM bhI mahAbhArata meM vAyu kA ullekha eka RSi rUpa meM pratibimbita hotI hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI isakA mahattvapUrNa ke rUpa meM milatA hai| yama ko AvazyakacUrNi meM yamadagni RSi kA sthAna hai, kyoMki yaha hameM adhikAMza jJAta aura kucha ajJAta RSiyoM pitA kahA gayA hai| ata: isa sambhAvanA ko bhI pUrI taraha nirasta nahIM ke sambandha meM aura unake upadezoM ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa evaM prAmANika kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yama koI RSi rahe hoN| yadyapi upaniSadoM meM sUcanAe~ detA hai| jainAcAryoM ne isa nidhi ko surakSita rakhakara bhAratIya bhI yama ko lokapAla ke rUpa meM bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| kintu itihAsa evaM saMskRta kI bahumUlya sevA kI hai| vastuta: yaha grantha IsApUrva itanA hI nizcita hai ki ye eka upadeSTA haiN| yama aura naciketA kA 10vIM zatI se lekara IsApUrva 6ThIM zatI taka ke aneka bhAratIya RSiyoM saMvAda aupaniSadika paramparA meM suprasiddha hI hai| varuNa aura vaizramaNa kI aitihAsika sattA kA nirvivAda pramANa hai| ko bhI vaidika paramparA meM maMtropadeSTA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA 1. (a) se kiM kAliyaM? kAliyaM aNegavihaM pnnnnttN| kesiM ci mae aMtabhavaMti eyAI uttrjjhynne| taM jahA uttarajjhayaNAI 1 dasAo 2 kappo 3 vavahAro 4 NisIhaM 5 paNayAlIsa diNehiM kesi vi jogo aNAgADho / / 6 / / mahAnisIhaM 6 isibhAsiyAI 7 jaMbuddIvapaNNattI 8 dIvasAgarapaNNattI- vidhimArgaprapA, pR0 62 // nandisUtra 84 (mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1968) (jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM vidhimArgaprapA meM (ba) namo tesiM khamAsamaNANaM jehiM imaM vAiaMga bAhiraM kAliaMbhagavaMtaM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| 'sajjhAyapaTThavaNavihI' pR0 45 para 11 aMga, taM jahA-1 uttarAyaNAI 2 dasAo 3 kappo 4 vavahAro 5 12 upAMga, 6 cheda, 4 mUla evaM 2 cUlikA sUtra ke ghaTAne para lagabhaga isibhAsiAI 6 nisIhaM 7 mahAnisIMha---- 31 prakIrNakoM ke nAma milate haiN| jabaki pR0 57-58 para (jJAtavya hai ki pakkhiyasutta meM aMgabAhyagranthoM kI sUcI meM 28 RSibhASita sahita 15 prakIrNakoM kA ullekha hai|) utkAlika aura 36 kAlika kula 64 granthoM ke nAma haiN| isameM 6 6a. kAliyasuyaM ca isibhAsiyAI taio ya suurpnnnnttii| Avazyaka aura 12 aMga milAne se kala 82 kI saMkhyA hotI hai, savvo ya diTThivAo cautthao hoI aNuogo / / 124 / / (mU0 bhA0) lagabhaga yahI sUcI vidhimArgaprapA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai|) tathA RSibhASitAni-uttarAdhyayanAdIni, "tRtIyazca" kAlAnuyoga:(-pakkhiyasutta (pR0 79) devacandalAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti, pR0206 / sirIja kramAMka 99) (ba) Avassagassa dasakAliassa taha uttrjjhmaayaare| aNgbaahymnekvidhm| tadyathA-sAmAyikaM, cutarvizatistavaH, vandanaM, sUyagaDe nijjutiM vucchAmi tahA dasANaM ca / / pratikramaNaM, kAyavyutsargaH, pratyAkhyAnaM, dazavaikAlikaM, uttarAdhyAyAH, kappassa ya nijjuttiM vavahArasseva prmnniunnss| dazAH, kalpavyavahArau, nizIthaM Rssibhaassitaaniityevmaadi| sUriapaNNattIe vucchaM isibhAsiANaM ca / / - tattvArthAdhigamasUtram (svopajJabhASya) 1/20, (devacandalAlabhAI - Avazyakaniyukti, 84-85. pustakoddhAra eNDa) krama-saMkhyA 67. paNhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA pannattA, taMjahA-uvamA, saMkhA, 3. tathA RSibhASitAni uttarAdhyayanAdIni-----|-Avazyakaniyukti- isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsitAI, mahAvIrabhAsitAI,khomapasiNAIM, hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 206. komalapasaNAI, addAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, baahupsinnaaii| RSibhASitAnAM ca devendrastavAdInAM niyuktiM---|-vahI, pR0 41 / ThANaMgasuve, dasama ajhabhayaNaM dstttthaannN| (mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya isibhAsiyAI paNayAlIsaM ajjhayaNAI kAliyAI, tesu diNa 45 saMskaraNa, pR0 311) niviehiM annaagaaddhjogo| aNNe bhaNaMti uttarajjhayaNesu ceva eyAI 8. cottAlIsaM ajjhayaNA isibhAsiyA diyalogacutAbhAsiyA pnnnnttaa| atNbhvNti| vidhimArgaprapA pR0 58 / smyvaayNgsutt-44| - deviMdatthayamAI paiNNagA hoMti igignivienn| Ahesu mahApurisA puvviM tatta tvodhnnaa| isibhAsiyaajjhayaNA AyaMbalikAlatisajjhA / / 6 / / udaeNa siddhibhAvanA tattha maMdo visIyati / / 1 / /
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 abhuMjiyA namI videhI, rAmapute ya bhuNjiaa| bAhue udagaM bhoccA tahA nArAyaNe risI / / 2 / / asile devile ceva dIvAyaNa mhaarisii| pArAsare dagaM bhoccA bIyANi hariyANi yaM / / 3 / / ete puvvaM mahApurisA AhitA iha sNbhtaa| bhoccA bIodagaM siddha iti meymnnussua||4|| -sUtrakRtAGga, 1/3/4/1-4 10. vahI, 2/6/1-3, 7, 9, 11. bhagavatI zataka, 15. 12. upAsakadazAMga, adhyAya 6 evaM 7. 13. (a) suttanipAta, 32 sabhiyasutta, (ba) dIghanikAya, saamnyphlsuutr| 14. ye te samaNabrAhmaNA saMgino gaNino gaNAcariyA AtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhu sammatA, bahujanassa, sepyathIdaM pUraNo kassapo, makkhaligosAlo, ajito kesakambalI, pakudho kaccAyano, saMjayo velaTiThaputto, nigaNTho naatputto|-suttnipaat, 32-sabhiyaMsutta. 15a.bharata siMha upAdhyAya, pAlisAhitya kA itihAsa,pRSTha 102-104 / (B) Itis ...... the oldest of the pectic books of the Buddhist scriptures. Introduction, page-2, --Sutta-Nipata (Siter Vajira). 16. ubho nArada pbbtaa| -suttanipAta 32, sabhiyasutta, 34 / 17. asito isi addasa divaavihaare|-suttnipaat 37, nAlakasutta 1 / 18. jiNNe'hamasmi abalo vItavaNNe (iccAyasmA piMgiyo) suttanipAta 71 piMgiyamANavapucchA. 19. suttanipAta, 32 sbhiysutt| 20. vhii| 21. vhii| 22. theragAthA 36; DiksanarI oNpha pAlI prApara nemsa vAlyUma prathama, pR0 631, vAlyUma dvitIya, pR0 15. 23. (a) 'AtA chettaM, tavo bIyaM, saMjamo juannNglN| jhANaM phAlo nisitto ya, saMvaro ya bIyaM daDhaM / / 8 / / akUDattaM ca kUr3esu, viNae NiyamaNe tthite| titikkhA ya halIsA tu dayA guttI ya paggahA / / 9 / / sammattaM gotthaNavo, samitI u samilA thaa| thitijottasusaMbaddhA savvaNNuvayaNe rayA / / 10 / / paMcaiva iMdiyANi tu khantA dantA ya nnijjitaa| mAhaNesu tu te goNA gaMbhIraM kasate kisiM / / 11 / / tavo bIyaM avaMjhaM se, ahiMsA NihaNaM prN| vavasAto ghaNaM tassa, juttA goNA ya saMgaho / / 12 / / thitI khalaM vasuyikaM, saddhA meDhI ya nnicclaa| bhAvaNA u vatI tassa, iriyA dAraM susaMvuDaM / / 13 / / kasAyA malaNaM tassa, kittivAto va tkkhmaa| NijjarA tu lavAmIsA iti dukkhANa Nikkhati / / 14 / / . etaM kisiM kasittANaM svvsttdyaavh| mAhaNe khattie vesse sudde vApi visujjhatI / / 15 / / -isibhAsiyAI, 26/8-15 / (ba) "kato chettaM kato bIyaM, kato te jugaNaMgale? goNA vi te Na passAmi, ajjo, kA NAta te kisI / / 1 / / AtA chettaM, tavo bIyaM, saMjamo jugnnNglN| ahiMsA samitI jojjA, esA ghammantarA kisI / / 2 / / esA kisI sobhatarA aluddhassa viyaahitaa| esA bahusaI hoI paralokasuhAvahA / / 3 / / eyaM kisiM kasittANaM svvsttdyaavhN| mAhaNe khattie vesse sudde vAvi ya sijjhatI" ||4|| -isibhAsiyAI, 32/1-4 / 24. saddhA bIjaM tapo vuTThi paJA meM yugnNglN| hiri IsA mano yottaM sati me phAlapAcanaM / / 2 / / kAyagutto vacIgutto AhAre udare yto| saccaM karomi nidAnaM soraccaM me pamAcanaM / / 3 / / ririyaM me dhuradhoramhaM yogkkhemaadhivaahnN| gacchati anivattantaM yattha gantvA na socati / / 4 / / evamesA kasI kaTThA sA hoti amtpphlaa| etaM kasiM kasitvAna sambadukkhA pamuccatIti / / 5 / / -suttanipAta, 4-ksibhaardvaajsutt| 25. ahaM ca bhoyarAyassa taM ca si andhgvnnhinno| ___ mA kule gandhaNA homo saMjamaM nihuo cara / / -uttarAdhyayana,22/44 26. pakkhaMde jaliya joI, dhUmakeuM draasyN| necchati vaMtayaM bhottuM, kule jAyA agaMdhaNe / / -dazavaikAlika, 1/6 27. AngaNe kule jAto jadhA jAgo mhaaviso|| muMcitA savisaM bhUto piyanto jAto lAghavaM ||-isibhaasiyaaii,45-40 28. (a) isibhAsiyAI, 26/15 (ba) isibhAsiyAI, 32/4 29. See -- Introduction of Isibhasiyaim, by walther schubring, Ahmedabad-1974. 30. dekheM bhagavatI zataka, 15. 31. dekheM-upAsakadasAMga, adhyAya 6 evaM 7. 32. jJAtAdharmakathA, draupadI nAmaka adhyyn| 33. patteyabuddhamisiNo bIsaM titthe aritttthnnemiss| pAsassa ya paNNarasa vIrassa viliinnmohss|| - isibhAsiyAI, saMpA0 manoharamuni, pariziSTa naM0 1 / 34. nArayarisipAmukkhe, vIsaM sirineminaahtitthmmi| pannarasa pAsatitthe, dasa sirivIrassa titthammi / / 44 / / patteyabuddhasAhU, namimo je bhAsiuM sivaM pttaa| paNayAlIsaM isibhAsiyAiM ajjhayaNapavarAI / / 45 / / RSimaNDalaprakaraNam, Atmavallabha granthamAlA, granthAMka 13, bAlApura, gAthA 44, 45 / 35. paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya parasamaya paNNavaya pateabuddhavivihattha bhaasaabhaasiyaannN|-smvaayaaNg, sUtra 546. 36. aupapAtika sUtra 38 / 37. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad, tRtIya adhyAya, paJcama brAhmaNa, 1 /