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________________ jaina anumAna kI upalabdhiyA~ DaoN. darabArIlAla koThiyA, vArANasI prAg vRtta adhyayana se avagata hotA hai ki upaniSadkAla meM anumAna ko zrAvazyakatA evaM prayojana para bala diyA jAne lagA thA / upaniSadoM meM 'AtmA vAre draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyaH " Adi vAkyoM dvArA zrAtmA ke zravaNa ke sAtha manana para bhI bala diyA gayA hai, jo upapattiyoM (yuktiyoM) ke dvArA kiyA jAtA thA / isase spaSTa hai ki usa kAla meM anumAna ko bhI zruti kI taraha jJAna kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA thA-- usake vinA darzana prapUrNa rahatA thA / yaha saca hai ki anumAna kA 'anumAna' zabda se vyavahAra hone kI apekSA 'vAkovAkyam,' 'AnvIkSikI,' 'tarkavidyA,' 'hetuvidyA' jaise zabdoM dvArA adhika hotA thA / prAcIna jaina vAGamaya meM jJAnamImAMsA (jJAnamArgaNA) ke antargata anumAna kA ' hetuvAda' zabda se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura use zruta kA eka paryAya ( nAmAntara) batalAyA gayA hai / tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne usakA 'abhinibodha' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki jaina darzana meM bhI anumAna abhimata hai tathA pratyakSa ( sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika jJAnoM) kI taraha use bhI pramANa evaM arthanizcAyaka mAnA gayA hai / grantara kevala unameM vaizadya aura pravezadya kA hai / pratyakSa vizada hai aura anumAna avizada ( parokSa ) / vaizeSikoM dvArA anumAna- vimarza anumAna ke liye kina ghaTakoM kI zrAvazyakatA hai, isakA prArambhika pratipAdana kaNAda ne kiyA pratIta hotA hai / unhoMne anumAna kA 'anumAna' zabda se nirdeza na kara 'laiMgika' zabda se kiyA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki anumAna kA mukhya ghaTaka 'liMga' hai / sambhavata: isI kAraNa unhoMne mAtra liMgoM, liMgarUpoM aura liMgAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| usake aura bhI koI ghaTaka haiM, isakA kaNAda ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / unake bhASyakAra prazastapAda ne avazya pratijJAdi pAMca avayavoM ko usakA ghaTaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| naiyAyikoM dvArA cintana tarkazAstra kA nibaddha rUpa meM spaSTa vikAsa akSapAda ke nyAyasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai / akSapAda ne anumAna ko 'anumAna' zabda se hI ullikhita kiyA tathA usakI kAraNasAmagrI, bhedoM, avayavoM aura hetvAbhAsoM kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI anumAna parIkSA, vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA, chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna jaise anumAna - sahAyaka tattvoM kA pratipAdana karake anumAna ko zAstrArthopayogI aura eka stara taka pahu~cA diyA hai| vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, vAcaspati, udayana aura gaNeza ne use vizeSa pariSkRta kiyA tathA vyApti, pakSadharmatA, parAmarza jaise tadupayogI abhinava tattvoM ko vivikta karake unakA vistRta evaM sUkSma nirUpaNa kiyA hai|
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________________ jaina anumAna kI upalabdhiyAM | 25 vastataH prakSapAda aura unake anuvartI tAkikoM ne anumAna ko itanA pariSkRta kiyA ki unakA darzana 'nyAya (tarka-anumAna) darzana' ke nAma se hI vizruta ho gyaa| bauddha tAkikoM dvArA cintana asaMga, vasubandhu diGa nAga, dharmakIti prabhRti bauddha tAkikoM ne nyAyadarzana kI samAlocanApUrvaka apanI viziSTa aura nayI mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para anumAna kA sUkSma aura pracara cintana prastuta kiyA hai| inake cintana kA avazyambhAvI pariNAma yaha huA ki uttarakAlIna samagra bhAratIya tarkazAstra usase prabhAvita huaA aura anumAna kI vicAradhArA paryApta Age bar3hane ke sAtha sUkSma-se-sUkSma evaM jaTila hotI gyii| vAstava meM bauddha tAkikoM ke cintana ne tarka meM AyI kuNThA ko haTA kara aura sabhI prakAra ke parivezoM ko dUra kara unmukta bhAva se tattva-cintana kI kSamatA pradAna kii| phalataH sabhI darzanoM meM svIkRta anumAna para adhika vicAra huA aura use mahattva milaa| sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka manISiyoM dvArA cintana IzvarakRSNa, yuktidIpikAkAra, mAThara, vijJAnabhikSu Adi sAMkhya-vidvAnoM tathA prabhAkara, kumArila, pArthasArathi prabhati mImAMsaka cintakoM ne bhI apane-apane DhaMga se anumAna kA cintana kiyA hai| hamArA vicAra hai ki ina cintakoM kA cintana-viSaya prakRti-puruSa aura kriyAkANDa hote hue bhI ve anumAna-cintana se achUte nahIM rhe| zruti ke alAvA anumAna ko bhI inheM svIkAra karanA par3A aura usakA kama-bar3ha vivecana kiyA hai| jaina tArkikoM dvArA vimarza jaina vicAraka to prArambha se hI anumAna ko mAnate Aye haiN| bhale hI use 'anumAna' nAma na dekara 'hetuvAda' yA 'abhinibodha' saMjJA se unhoMne usakA vyavahAra kiyA ho / tattvajJAna, svatattvasiddhi, parapakSadUSaNodbhAvana ke lie use svIkAra karake unhoMne usakA paryApta vivecana kiyA hai| unake cintana meM jo vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM unameM se kucha kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jAtA hai: upalabdhiyAM anumAna kA svarUpa nyAyasUtrakAra prakSapAda kI 'tatpUrvakamanumAnam,' prazastapAda kI 'liMgadarzanAtsaMjAyamAnaM laiMgikama' aura udyotakara kI 'liMgaparAmarzo'nUpAnama' paribhASAmoM meM kevala kAraNa kA nirdeza hai, anumAna ke svarUpa kA nhiiN| udyotakara kI eka anya paribhASA 'laiMgikI pratipattiranumAnam' meM bhI liMgarUpa kAraNa kA ullekha hai, svarUpa kA nhiiN| diGa nAgaziSya zaMkarasvAmI kI 'anumAnaM liMgAdarthadarzanam' paribhASA meM yadyapi kAraNa aura svarUpa donoM kI abhivyakti hai, para usameM kAraNa ke rUpa meM liMga ko sUcita kiyA hai, liMga ke jJAna ko nhiiN| tathya yaha hai ki ajJAyamAna dhUmAdi liMga agni Adi ke anumApaka nahIM haiN| anyathA jo puruSa soyA huA hai, mUcchita hai, agRhIta-vyAptika hai, use bhI parvata meM dhUma ke sadbhAva mAtra se agni kA anumAna ho jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai| ata: zaMkarasvAmI ke ukta anumAnalakSaNa meM | dhammo dIyo 'liMgAt' ke sthAna para 'liMgadarzanAt' pada hone para hI vaha pUrNa anumAnalakSaNa ho sakatA hai| saMsAra samudra meM varma hI dIpa hai|
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________________ caturtha khaNDa/26 jaina tArkika akalaMkadeva ne jo anumAna kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai vaha ukta nyUnatAoM se mukta hai / unakA lakSaNa hai liMgAtsAdhyAvinAbhAvAminibodhakalakSaNAt / liMgidhIranumAnaM tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH // isameM anumAna ke sAkSAtkAraNa-liMgajJAna kA bhI pratipAdana hai aura usakA svarUpa bhI 'liMgidhIH' zabda ke dvArA nirdiSTa hai| prakalaMka ne svarUpa-nirdeza meM kevala 'dhIH' yA 'pratipatti' nahIM kahA, kintu 'ligidhI:' kahA hai, jisakA artha hai sAdhya kA jJAna, aura sAdhya kA jJAna honA hI anumAna hai| nyAyapravezakAra zaMkarasvAmI ne sAdhya kA sthAnApanna 'artha' kA avazya nirdeza kiyA hai / para unhoMne kAraNa kA nirdeza apUrNa kiyA hai, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai| akalaMka ke isa lakSaNa kI eka vizeSatA aura bhI hai| vaha yaha ki unhoMne 'tatphalaM hAnAdibuddhayaH' zabdoM dvArA anumAna kA phala bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai| sambhavataH inhIM saba bAtoM se uttaravartI sabhI jaina tAkikoM ne prakalaMkadeva kI isa pratiSThita aura pUrNa anumAna paribhASA ko hI apnaayaa| isa anumAnalakSaNa se spaSTa hai ki vahI sAdhana athavA liMga liMgI (sAdhyaanupeya) kA gamaka ho sakatA hai jisake avinAbhAva kA nizcaya hai| yadi usameM avinAbhAva kA nizcaya nahIM hai to vaha sAdhana nahIM hai, bhale hI usameM tIna yA pAMca rUpa vidyamAna hoN| jaise 'vajra lohalekhya hai, kyoMki pArthiva hai, kASTha kI taraha' ityAdi hetu tIna rUpoM aura pAMca rUpoM se sampanna hone para bhI avinAbhAva ke prabhAva se saddhetu nahIM haiM, apitu hetvAbhAsa haiM aura isI se ve apane sAdhyoM ke anumApaka nahIM mAne jAte / isI prakAra 'eka muhUrta bAda zakaTa kA udaya hogA, kyoMki kRttikA kA udaya ho rahA hai,' 'samudra meM vRddhi honI cAhie athavA kumudoM kA vikAsa honA cAhie, kyoMki candra kA udaya hai' Adi hetuoM meM pakSa-dharmatva na hone se na trirUpatA hai aura na pNcruuptaa| phira bhI avinAbhAva ke hone se kRttikA kA udaya zakaTodaya kA aura candra kA udaya samudravaddhi evaM kumuda vikAsa kA gamaka hai| anumAna kA parokSa pramANa meM antarbhAva ___ anumAna-pramANavAdI sabhI bhAratIya tAkikoM ne anumAna ko svatantra pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai| para jaina tAkikoM ne use svatantra pramANa nahI maanaa| pramANa ke unhoMne mUlata: do bheda mAne haiM--(1) pratyakSa aura (2) parokSa / anumAna parokSa pramANa meM antarbhUta hai, kyoMki vaha pravizada jJAna hai aura usake dvArA apratyakSa artha kI pratipatti hotI hai / parokSa-pramANa kA kSetra itanA vyApaka aura vizAla hai ki smati, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, arthApatti, sambhava, abhAva aura zabda jaise apratyakSa artha ke paricchedaka avizada jJAnoM kA isI meM samAveza hai tathA vaizadya aura avaizadya ke AdhAra para svIkRta pratyakSa aura parokSa ke atirikta anya pramANa mAnya nahIM haiN| arthApatti anumAna se pRthaka nahIM prabhAkara aura bhATTa mImAMsaka anumAna se pRthak arthApatti nAma kA svatantra pramANa mAnate haiN| unakA mantavya hai ki jahAM amuka artha amuka artha ke binA na hotA huA usakA parikalpaka hotA hai vahAM aApatti pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| jaise-'pIno'yaM devadatto divA
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________________ jaina anumAna kI upalabdhiyAM / 27 na bhuMkte" isa vAkya meM ukta 'pInatva' artha 'bhojana' ke binA na hotA huyA 'rAtri bhojana' kI kalpanA karAtA hai, kyoMki divAbhojana kA niSedha vAkya meM svayaM ghoSita hai / isa prakAra ke pratha kA bodha anumAna se na hokara arthApatti se hotA hai / kintu jaina vicAraka use anumAna se bhinna svIkAra nahIM karAte / unakA kahanA hai ki anumAna anyathAnupapanna ( avinAbhAvI) hetu se utpanna hotA hai aura prarthApatti anyathAnupadyamAna artha se / anyathAnupapanna hetu aura anyathAnupapadyamAna artha donoM eka haiM-- unameM koI antara nahIM hai / prarthAt donoM hI vyAptiviziSTa hone se abhinna haiM / DaoN. devarAja bhI yahI bAta prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM ki "eka vastu dvArA dUsarI vastu kA prakSepa tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba donoM meM vyApyavyApakabhAva yA vyAptisambandha ho / 3 devadatta moTA hai aura dina meM khAtA nahIM hai| yahAM arthApatti dvArA rAtribhojana kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, para vAstava meM moTApana bhojana kA avinAbhAvI hone tathA dina meM bhojana kA niSedha hone se vaha devadatta ke rAtri bhojana kA anumApaka hai / vaha anumAna isa prakAra hai - 'devadattaH rAtrau bhuMkte, divA'bhojitve sati pInatvAnyathAnupapatteH' yahAM anyathAnupapatti se antarvyApti vivakSita hai, bahirvyApti yA sakalavyApti nahIM, kyoMki ye donoM vyAptiyAM zravyabhicarita nahIM haiM / zrataH zrarthApatti aura anumAna donoM vyAptipUrvaka hone se eka hI haiM - pRthak pRthak pramANa nahIM / hetu kA eka lakSaNa (anyathAnupapannatva) svarUpa hetu ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana akSapAda se prArambha hotA hai, aisA anusandhAna se pratIta hotA hai / unakA vaha lakSaNa sAdharmya aura vaidharmya donoM dRSTAntoM para AdhArita hai / ataeva naiyAyika cintakoM ne use dvilakSaNa, trilakSaNa, caturlakSaNa zraura paMcalakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA tathA usakI vyAkhyAeM kI haiN| vaizeSika, bauddha, sAMkhya zrAdi vicArakoM ne use mAtra trilakSaNa batalAyA hai / kucha tArkikoM ne SaDlakSaNa aura saptalakSaNa bhI use kahA hai, jaisA ki hamane anyatra vicAra kiyA hai| para jaina lekhakoM ne avinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA pradhAna aura eka lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai, tathA tra-rUpya pAMcarUpya Adi ko zravyApta aura prativyApta batalAyA hai, jaisA ki Upara anumAna ke svarUpa meM pradarzita udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai| isa pravinAbhAva ko hI zranyathAnupapannatva athavA anyathAnupapatti yA antarvyApti kahA hai / smaraNa rahe ki yaha avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapannatva jaina lekhakoM kI hI upalabdhi hai jisake udbhAvaka zrAcArya samantabhadra yaha hamane vistAra ke sAtha anyatra vivecana kiyA hai / anumAna kA aMga : ekamAtra vyApti nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, mImAMsaka aura bauddha sabhI ne pakSadharmatA aura vyApti ko anumAna kA aMga mAnA hai / parantu jaina tArkikoM ne kevala vyApti ko usakA aMga batalAyA hai / unakA mata ki anumAna meM pakSadharmatA anAvazyaka hai / 'upari vRSTirabhUt pradhopUrAnyathAnupapatteH ' Adi anumAnoM meM hetu pakSadharma nahIM hai, phira bhI vyApti ke bala se vaha gamaka hai / "sa zyAmastatputratvAditaratatputravat" ityAdi prasad anumAnoM meM hetu pakSadharma haiM kintu avinAbhAva na hone se ve anumApaka nahIM haiM / zrataH jaina cintaka anumAna kA aMga ekamAtra vyApti ( avinAbhAva ) ko hI svIkAra karate haiM, pakSadharmatA ko nahIM / dhammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai
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________________ anceTS arcamArcana caturtha khaNa| 28 pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara hetuoM kI parikalpanA akalaMkadeva ne kucha aise hetuoM kI parikalpanA kI hai jo unase pUrva nahIM mAne gaye the| unameM mukhyatayA pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ye tIna hetu haiN| inheM kisI anya tArkika ne svIkAra kiyA ho, yaha jJAta nhiiN| kintu akalaMka ne inakI AvazyakatA evaM atiriktatA kA spaSTa nirdeza karate hue svarUpa-pratipAdana kiyA hai| ata: yaha unakI dena kahI jA sakatI hai| pratipAdyoM kI apekSA anumAna-prayoga anumAna prayoga ke sambandha meM jahA~ anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM vyutpanna aura avyutpanna pratipAdyoM kI vivakSA kiye binA avayavoM kA sAmAnya kathana milatA hai vahAM jaina vicArakoM ne ukta donoM pratipAdyoM kI apekSA unakA vizeSa pratipAdana kiyA hai| vyutpannoM ke lie unhoMne pakSa aura hetu ye do avayava aAvazyaka batalAye haiM, unheM dRSTAnta Avazyaka nahIM hai| "sarva kSaNikaM satvAt" jaise sthaloM meM bauddhoM ne, "sarvamabhidheyaM prameyatvAt" jaise kevalAnvayihetuka anumAnoM meM naiyAyikoM ne bhI dRSTAnta ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA / avyutpannoM ke lie ukta donoM avayavoM ke sAtha dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ina tIna avayavoM kI bhI jaina cintakoM ne yathAyogya AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai| ise aura spaSTa yoM samajhie-- gaddhapiccha, samantamadra, pUjyapAda aura siddhasena ke pratipAdanoM se avagata hotA hai ki prArambha meM pratipAdya-sAmAnya kI apekSA se pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoM se abhipretArtha (sAdhya) kI siddhi kI jAtI thii| para uttarakAla meM akalaMka kA saMketa pAkara kumAranandi aura vidyAnanda ne pratipAdyoM ko vyutpanna aura avyutpanna do vargoM meM vibhakta karake unakI apekSA se pRthak-pRthak avayavoM vA kathana kiyaa| unake bAda mANikyanandi, devasUri Adi paravartI jaina-tarka-granthakAroM ne unakA samarthana kiyA aura spaSTatayA vyutpannoM ke lie pakSa aura hetu ye do tathA avyutpannoM ke bodhArtha ukta do ke atirikta dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana ye tIna saba milAkara pA~ca avayava nirUpita kiye| bhadrabAhu ne pratijJAzuddhi Adi daza avayavoM kA bhI upadeza diyA, jisakA anusaraNa devasUri, hemacandra aura yazovijaya ne kiyaa| vyApti kA grAhaka ekamAtra tarka anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhUyodarzana, sahacAradarzana aura vyabhicArAgraha ko vyAptigrAhaka mAnA gayA hai / nyAyadarzana meM vAcaspati aura sAMkhyadarzana meM vijJAnabhikSu ina do tAkikoM ne vyAptigraha kI uparyukta sAmagrI meM tarka ko bhI sammilita kara liyaa| unake bAda udayana, gaMgeza, varddhamAna prabhRti tAkikoM ne bhI use vyAptigrAhaka mAna liyaa| para, smaraNa rahe, jaina paramparA meM Arambha se tarka ko, jise cintA, UhA Adi zabdoM se vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai, anumAna kI ekamAtra sAmagrI ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai / akalaMka aise jaina tArkika haiM, jinhoMne vAcaspati aura vijJAnabhikSu se pUrva sarvaprathama tarka ko vyAptigrAhaka samarthita evaM sampuSTa kiyA tathA sabalatA se usakA prAmANya sthApita kiyaa| unake pazcAt sabhI ne use vyAptigrAhaka svIkAra kara liyaa| tathopapatti aura anyathAnupatti yadyapi bahirvyApti, sakalavyApti aura antarvyApti ke bheda se vyApti ke tIna bhedoM, samavyApti aura viSamavyApti ke bheda se usake do prakAroM tathA anvayavyApti aura vyatirekavyApti
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________________ jaina anumAna kI upalabdhiyAM | 29 ina bhedoM kA varNana tarkagranthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ina do vyApti prakAroM (vyApti prayogoM) kA kathana kevala jaina tarkagranthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / ina para dhyAna dene para jo vizeSatA jJAta hotI hai vaha yaha hai ki anumAna eka jJAna hai, usakA upAdAna kAraNa jJAna hI honA cAhie / tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti ye donoM jJAnAtmaka haiM jabaki uparyukta vyAptiyAM jJeyAtmaka haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ukta vyAptiyoM meM mAtra antarvyApti hI eka aisI vyApti hai, jo hetu kI gamakatA meM prayojaka hai, anya vyAptiyAM antarvyApti ke binA avyApta aura ativyApta haiN| ataeva ve sAdhaka nahIM haiM tathA yaha antarvyApti hI tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti hai athavA unakA viSaya hai / ina donoM meM se kisI eka kA hI prayoga paryApta hai| inakA vizeSa vivecana anyatra dRSTavya hai| sAdhyAbhAsa akalaMka ne anumAnAbhAsoM ke vivecana meM pakSAbhAsa yA pratijJAbhAsa ke sthAna meM sAdhyAbhAsa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| akalaMka ke isa parivartana ke kAraNa para sUkSma dhyAna dene para avagata hotA hai ki cUMki sAdhana kA viSaya (gamya) sAdhya hotA hai aura sAdhana kA avinAbhAva (vyApti sambandha) sAdhya ke hI sAtha hotA hai, pakSa yA pratijJA ke sAtha nahIM, ataH sAdhanAbhAsa (hetvAbhAsa) kA viSaya sAdhyAbhAsa hone se use hI sAdhanAbhAsoM kI taraha svIkAra kara vivecita karanA yukta hai| vidyAnanda ne akalaMka kI isa sUkSma dRSTi ko parakhA aura unakA sayuktika samarthana kiyaa| yathArtha meM anuyAna ke mukhya prayojaka tatva sAdhana aura sAdhya hone se tathA sAdhana kA sIdhA sambandha sAdhya ke sAtha hI hone se sAdhanAbhAsa kI bhAMti sAdhyAbhAsa hI vivecanIya hai| prakalaMka ne zakya, abhipreta aura prasiddha ko sAdhya tathA azakya, anabhipreta aura siddha ko sAdhyAbhAsa pratipAdita kiyA hai (sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhaM tato'parama sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH / ) akiMcitakara hetvAbhAsa hetvAbhAsoM ke vivecana-sandarbha meM siddhasena ne kaNAda aura nyAyapravezakAra kI taraha tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA kathana kiyA hai, akSapAda kI bhAMti unhoMne pAMca hetvAbhAsa svIkAra nahIM kiye| prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaina tArkika hetu kA eka (avinAbhAva-anyathAnupapannatva) rUpa mAnate haiM, ataH usake abhAva meM unakA hetvAbhAsa eka ho honA cAhie / vaizeSika, bauddha aura sAMkhya hetu ko trirUpa tathA naiyAyika paMcarUpa svIkAra karate haiM, ataH unake abhAva meM unake anusAra tIna aura pAMca hetvAbhAsa to yukta haiN| para siddhasena kA hetvAbhAsa-traividhya pratipAdana kaise yuktiyukta hai ? isakA samAdhAna siddhasena svayaM karate hue kahate haiM ki cUMki anyathAnupapannatva kA abhAva tIna taraha se hotA hai-kahIM usakI pratIti na hone, kahIM usameM sandeha hone aura kahIM usakA viparyAsa hone se, pratIta na hone para prasiddha, sandeha hone para anaikAntika aura viparyAsa hone para viruddha ye tIna hetvAbhAsa hote haiN| akalaMka kahate haiM ki yathArtha meM hetvAbhAsa eka hI hai aura vaha hai akiMcitkara, jo anyathAnupapannatva ke abhAva meM hotA hai| vAstava meM anumAna kA utthApaka avinAbhAvI hetu hI hai, ata: avinAbhAva (anyathAnupapannatva) ke abhAva meM hetvAbhAsa kI sRSTi hotI hai| yataH hetu eka anyathAnupapannarUpa hI hai ata: usake prabhAva meM mUlataH eka hI hetvAbhAsa mAnya hai sammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM varma hI dIya hai| www.jainelibragerg
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________________ caturtha khaNDa/30 aura vaha hai anyathA-upapannatva arthAt akiNcitkr| prasiddhAdi usI kA vistAra haiM / isa prakAra akalaMka ke dvArA 'akiMcitkAra' nAma ke naye hetvAbhAsa kI parikalpanA unakI anyatama upalabdhi hai| bAlaprayogAbhAsa mANikyanandi ne AbhAsoM kA vicAra karate hue anumAnAbhAsa sandarbha meM eka 'bAlaprayogAbhAsa' nAma ke naye anumAnAbhAsa kI carcA prastuta kI hai| isa prayogAbhAsa kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa mandaprajJa ko samajhAne ke lie tIna avayavoM kI AvazyakatA hai usake lie do hI avayavoM kA prayoga karanA, jise cAra kI AvazyakatA hai use tIna aura jise pAMca kI jarUrata hai use cAra kA hI prayoga karanA athavA viparItakrama se avayavoM kA kathana karanA bAlaprayogAbhAsa hai aura isa taraha ve cAra (dvi-avayava prayogAbhAsa, tri-avayava prayogAbhAsa, caturavayavaprayogAbhAsa aura viparItAvayavaprayogAbhAsa), sambhava haiM / mANikyanandi se pUrva inakA kathana dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| ata: inake puraskartA mANikyanandi pratIta hote haiN| isa taraha jainacintakoM kI anumAna-viSaya meM aneka upalabdhiyAM haiM / unakA anumAnasambandhI cintana bhAratIya tarkazAstra ke lie kaI naye tattva pradAna karatA hai| sandarbha evaM sandarbha-sthala 1. bRhadAraNya., 2 / 415 2. zrotavyaH zrutivAkyebhyo mantavyazcopapattibhiH / matvA ca satataM dhyeya ete darzanahetavaH / / 3. pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana, pR. 71 4. jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra, pR. 259, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI, 1969 5. vhii| 00