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________________ DA. rajjanakumAra saMsArI jIva ko bhojana yA AhAra kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| AhAra jIvananirvAha ke lie Avazyaka hai kyoMki pratyeka jIvadhArI ko bhUkha lagatI hai aura use zAMta karane ke lie AhAra anivArya hai| mukhya rUpase AhAra kSudyA zAMti hetu grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, paraMtu aparokSa rUpa meM yaha jIva zarIra ke poSaNa ke lie anivArya hai| prAyaH yaha dekhA gayA hai ki kisIbhI jIvadhArI ko agara dIrgha kAla taka AhAra nahIM diyA jAtA hai to dhIre-dhIre usakA zarIra kamajora hotA jAtA hai aura aMta meM naSTa ho jAtA hai| arthAt AhAra zarIra TikAe rakhane ke lie Avazyaka hai / zarIra rakSA ke sAtha sAtha AhAra jIvadhAriyoM ko UrjA pradAna karatA hai jisakI sahAyatA se sabhI prakAra ke kAryoM kA saMcAlana kuzalatApUrvaka hotA hai| jaina AhAra prakriyA aura Adhunika vijJAna jIvadhAriyoM kA zarIra rela ke iMjina, moTara iMjina ke samAna hI hai| jisa prakAra eka iMjina ko calAne ke lie use UrjA pradAna karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jo use koyalA jalAkara pAnI ko bhApa meM badalakara athavA DIjala, peTrola yA vidyuta Adi ke rUpa meM dI jAtI hai, usI prakAra jantuoM ke lie bhI unake kArya karane ke lie UrjA pradAna karanA paramAvazyaka hai| kisI bhI zArIrika kArya ko karane meM UrjA kA kSaya hotA hai| isa kSaya huI UrjA kI pUrti ke lie zarIra ke tattva IMdhana kA kAma karate haiN| ata: zArIrika kArya karane meM pratyeka jIvadhArI ke zarIra ke tattvoM kA kSaya barAbara hotA rahatA hai| yadi jIva ina kSaya hue tattvoM ko punaH zarIra ko pradAna kara unakI kamI ko pUrA na karatA rahe to dhIre-dhIre usakA zarIra durbala hotA jAegA aura aMta meM bilakula naSTa ho jaaegaa| AhAra isI uddezya kI pUrti karatA hai / pratidina ke upayoga ke lie saMcAlana zakti pradAna karane ke atirikta jIvoM ke zarIra ke bhinna-bhinna aMgo kI vRddhi ke lie jina-jina tattvoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai una sabakI pUrti AhAra dvArA hI hotI hai| AhAra ke isa mahattva kA pratipAdana jaina graMthoM meM huA hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne apanI racanAoM meM AhAra ke lakSaNa, vibheda kaunase AhAra lene yogya haiM, kauna se AhAra ayogya haiM Adi kaI mahatvapUrNa tathyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne AhAra lene kI prakriyAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM jainoM kI AhAra prakriyAoM kA vivecana Adhunika vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM kiyA jA rahA hai| jaina graMthoM meM tIna prakAra kI AhAra prakriyA kA ullekha milatA hai 1. ojAhAra 2. lomAhAra aura 3. prakSepAhAra / AhAra prakriyA se tatparya jIvoM dvArA AhAra grahaNa karane kI vidhise hai| 282 1. ojAhAra apane utpatti sthAna meM AhAra ke yogya pudgaloM kA jo samUha hotA hai vaha 'oja' kahalAtA hai aura ise jaba AhAra rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to vaha ojAhAra kahalAtA hai| janma ke pUrva zizu dvArA mAtA ke garbha meM sarvaprathama jo AhAra zarIra piNDa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ojAhAra hai| sAmAnya tathA ojAhAra jIva ke zarIra dvArA grahaNa - dhokhebAja, dagAbAja kabhI bhI vijaya prApta nahIM krte| ve to sarva vinAza ko hI prApta hote haiN| For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ kiyA jAtA hai| mA~ ke garbha meM pala rahA zizu yojanalI (Placenta) dvArA AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| zizu jaba garbha meM vikAsa kara rahA hotA hai taba use yaha jJAna nahIM hotA hai ki kisa prakAra se AhAra liyA jAe isake atirikta AhAra grahaNa karane hetu koI nizcita aMga bhI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM bana pAtA hai| lekina jIva ko apanI jIvana-rakSA ke lie AhAra to lenA hI par3atA hai| ata: zizu ko nAbhinAla yA yojanAlI nikala AtI hai aura isIke mAdhyama se use AhAra kI ApUrti hotI rahatI hai| AhAra ke rupa meM zizu mAtA ke rajAMza kA hI upabhoga karatA hai aura yaha rajAMza usake utpatti sthAna ko cAroM tarapha se ghere rahatA hai| jIva vaijJAniko ne amIbA nAmaka jIva ko bhI ojAhArI hI kahA hai| yaha eka atyaMta sUkSma jIva hai aura mAtra eka indriya sparza se yukta hotA hai| paraMtu hameM yahA~ yaha bhI jAnanA hogA ki amIbA jaina graMthoM meM pratipAdita ekendriya se bilakula alaga hai| kyoMki jainAcAryoMne jina ekendriya kI vyAkhyA kI hai vaha sthAvara hai jabaki amIbA ekendriya hote hae bhI trasa arthAta gatizIla hai| amIbA jisa vastu kA AhAra karanA cAhatA hai use cAroM tarapha se ghera letA hai| isa hetu vaha syUDopoDiyA (Psuedopodia) kA nirmANa karatA hai jo usake zarIra se nirmita hote hai| jaba vaha AhAra kara letA hai to usakA syUDopoDiyA samApta ho jAtA hai| ojAhAra ke saMbaMdhameM yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki yaha zarIra dvArA arthAt tvacA kI sahAyatA se hotA hai| jIva vijJAna meM kucha aise bhI jIvoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo dUsare jIvoM ke zarIra meM utpanna hote haiM, vahIM nivAsa karate haiM, vahIM saMtAnotpati karate haiM, jIvana kI saMpUrNa kriyAoM kA sampAdana karate haiM aura mRtyu ko bhI prApta karate hai| unheM parajIvI (Parasites) kahA jAtA hai| ye sabhI parajIvI ojAhArI hote haiN| maleriyA, phAileriyA jaise rogoM kA kAraNa ye parajIvI hI haiN| ye macchara manuSya, pazu ke zarIra meM apanA jIvana cakra pUrNa karate haiN| prakriyA isa prakAra calatI hai macchara (mAdA) jaba manuSya ko kATatI hai taba usake zarIra meM pala rahA parajIvI manuSya ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha manuSya ke zarIra meM pahale yakRta (Liver) meM palatA hai tatpazcAt vahA~ se lAla rakta meM calA AtA hai| yahA~ yaha lAla rakta kaNoM ko apanA AhAra banAtA hai| aba jaba macchara puna: prabhAvita vyakti ko kATatA hai (khUna cUsatA hai) to vaha parajIvI macchara ke zarIra meM calA AtA hai aura isa taraha se yaha prakriyA niraMtara calatI rahatI hai| cUMki ye parajIvI apane utpattisthAna meM sthita pudgala (lahU ke kaNa) kA hI AhAra karate haiM aura yaha ojAhAra ke rUpa meM hI liyA jA sakatA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki maleriyA Adi jaise rogoM ko phailAnevAle parajIvI ojAhArI kahe gae haiN| vanaspati ko bhI ekendriya aura sthAvara jIva mAnA gayA hai| ye bhI 'ojAhArI hI hote haiN| AhAra kI isa prakriyA meM vanaspati yA paudhe apanI pattiyoM, zAkhAoM, zarIra ke samasta hare bhAga (parNazAda) dvArA vAyumaMDala se kArbanaDAyaiksAiDa gaisa ko sokhate haiN| phira ve zoSita padArtha jar3oM se Ae bhojana ke jalIya bhAga meM dhula jAte haiN| tatpazcAt prakAza saMzleSaNa (Photosynthesis) kriyA dvArA isameM rAsAyanika pratikriyA hotI hai jisase zakkara banatA hai| isI zakkara kA kucha mamatA yadi jJAna pUrNa ho to vaha sAMsArikoM ke lie uttama hai| 283
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________________ bhAga sTArca, kucha kArbohAiDreTa, kucha proTIna Adi meM badala jAtA hai| meMDhaka, chipakalI Adi kucha aise jantu hai jo apane zarIra kA tApakrama bAhya tApakrama ke ghaTa-bar3ha ke anusAra badala nahIM pAte haiN| vizeSakara meMDhaka to tApa ke mAmale meM atyaMta saMvedanazIla prANI hai| jIva-vaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki isake zarIra kA tApakrama bAhya tApakrama ke samAna ho jAtA hai arthAt agara vAtAvaraNa kA tApakrama 00 ho jAe to isake zarIra kA tApakrama bhI 0degc ho jAegA tAtparya yaha hai ki isakA zarIra barpha kA golA bana sakatA hai barpha 0.c seMTIgreDa para banatA hai) aura aisI sthiti meM usakI mRtyu ho jaaegii| isI prakAra jaba bAhya vAtAvaraNa kA tApakrama adhika hotA hai taba usake zarIra kA bhI tApakrama adhika ho jAtA hai aura aisI sthiti meM bhI usakI mRtyu ho jaaegii| kyoMki adhika tApakrama ho jAne para usake zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga jala sakate haiN| ata: ina donoM hI sthiti se bacane ke lie meMDhaka zIta aura grISma niSkriyatA (Cold and Summer Hibernation) kI sthiti meM A jAtA hai| niSkriyatA kI ina donoM hI sthiti meM meMDhaka apane zarIra ko jamIna ke nIce chipA letA hai aura zAMta hokara par3A rahatA hai| isa sthiti meM vaha bAhya vAtAvaraNa se bhojana nahIM le pAtA hai| lekina jIvana rakSaNa ke lie use AhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI avazya hai, isakI pUrti yakRta meM saMgrahIta vasA tattva karatA hai| yaha vasA tatva dhIre-dhIre dhulatA jAtA hai aura meMDhaka ke zarIra rakSaNa hetu Avazyaka UrjA pradAna karatA rahatA hai| ata: yaha prakriyA bhI ojAhAra grahaNa karane kA eka udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai| 2. romAhAra - jo AhAra tvacA yA romakUpa dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai use romAhAra kahA jAtA hai| ise lomAhAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki zarIra kI racanA pUrNa hone ke bAda jo prANI bAhara kI tvacA yA roma chidroM dvArA AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, unakA vaha AhAra lomAhAra hai| tvacA dvArA jaba bhI AhAra kiyA jAegA to AhAra kA sparza avazya hogA kyoMki tvacA sparzendriya hai aura sparza kI anubhUti (yathA cikanA, rukSAdi) karanA isakA svabhAva hai| ata: romAhAra ke bAre meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki tvacA yA romoM dvArA sparzapUrvaka liyA jAnevAlA AhAra romAhAra hai| jIva vaijJAnikoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki bahuta se choTe - bar3e jIva romAhAra prakriyA dvArA hI AhAra lete haiN| manuSya, pazu zvAsa-prazvAsa ke rUpa meM gaisoM kA jo AdAna pradAna karate haiM vaha vastuta: romAhAra kA hI eka rUpa hai| choTe-choTe jIva jo tvacA kI sahAyatA se hI apane AhAra ko sokha kara grahaNa karate haiM ve bhI romAhArI hI haiN| zvAsa-prazvAsa ke atirikta bhI manuSya, pazu niraMtara vAyumaMDala se vAyu kA zoSaNa karate rahate haiM aura usakI isa prakriyA meM usake asaMkhya roma kUpa sahAyaka hote haiN| prAya: yaha dekhA gayA hai ki manuSya apanI tvacA ko jala tathA anya kaI vidhiyoM se svaccha rakhane kA prayAsa karatA hai| ina sabakA mukhya prayojana banda romakUpoM kA kholanA hai| pazu bhI nadI Adi me tairakara svayaM apane zarIra ko sApha rakhate hai tathA unheM pAlane vAle vyakti bhI unakI saphAI kA dhyAna rakhate haiN| inheM sApha rakhanA isalie Avazyaka hai kyoMki inhIM chidro dvArA zarIra ke aMdara kI garmI tathA anya 284 anazana mahAna tapa haiN| yaha tapa kevala anna jala ke tyAga meM hI samApta nahIM hotaa|
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________________ vikRta padArtha bAhara nikalate haiM tathA bAhara kI zuddha vAyu bhI zarIra ke aMdara jAtI hai| ina prakriyAoM se vyakti yA pazu svastha tathA prasanna rahatA hai| yadyapi yaha prakriyA usa rUpa meM AhAra grahaNa karane ke samAna nadI hai jisa rUpa meM AhAra grahaNa karanA samajhA jAtA hai| lekina phira bhI ise AhAra kA eka rUpa to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai| zIta, grISma niSkriyatA ke samaya meMDhaka bhI romAhAra prakriyA dvArA hI AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| kyoMki isa paristhiti meM meMDhaka tvacA ke dvArA hI zvasanAdi kI kriyA saMpanna karatA hai| jaina graMthoM meM yaha spaSTa rupa se likhA hai ki romAhAra tvacA dvArA hotA hai| vanaspati bhI romAhArI hote hai| paudhoM ki jaDeM romoM kI sahAyatA se bhUmi se khanija padArthoM se yukta jalIya ghola sokhate hai aura yahI ghola paudhoM kI pattiyoM zAkhAoM dvArA zoSita gaisoM se milate hai| ina donoM ke paraspara milane se glUkoja, sTArca proTIna jaise jaTila tatvoM kA nirmANa hotA hai aura ye tattva hI paudhoM ke zarIra (pattiyA~, zAkhA tanA Adi bhAgoM) ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hote hai| 3. prakSepAhAra-grAsa yA kaura rupa meM jo AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai use prakSepAhAra kahA jAtA hai| ise kavalAhArake bhI nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| manuSya, pazu apanA AhAra kavalAhAra rupa meM hI grahaNa karate hai| vaijJAnikoM kI bhI mAnyatA kavalAhAra ke saMbaMdha meM jainAcAryoM ke samAna hI hai| AhAra grahaNa karane kI prakriyA ki isa vyAkhyA ke pazcAta hamAre samakSa yaha prazna uTha khaDA hotA hai ki kauna se jIva ko ojAhArI mAnA jAe. kise romAhArI yA prakSepAhArI mAnA jaae| kyoMki uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki koI jIva agara ojAhArI hai to vaha romAhAra prakriyA dvArA bhI AhAra grahaNa kara rahA hai| koI eka avasthA meM mAtra oja ko hI AhAra rupa meM le rahA hai to kisI anya avasthA meM vaha romAhArI bhI hai aura kabhI-kabhI prakSepAhArI bhI! kahane kA artha yaha hai ki kisa prakAra hama yaha spaSTa rupa se jAna le ki vaha jIva mAtra ojAhArI hai, yA romAhArI hai yA kavalAhArI hai yA tInoM meM se kisI do vidhi se yA tInoM hI vidhi se AhAra letA hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karate hue sUttakRtAMga niyukti meM likhA gayA hai ki "sabhI aparyApta jIva ojAhArI hai| isake atirikta jaba taka audArika rupa meM dRzyamAna zarIra utpanna nahIM hotA, taba taka taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra tathA mizra zarIroM dvArA bhI 'oja' ko hI AhAra rupa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha audArika zarIra kI utpatti hone ke bAda bhI jaba taka indriya, prANa, bhASA, mana kI utpatti nahIM hotI taba taka prANI ojAhAra vidhi se hI AhAra lete hai| arthAt paryApta avasthA pAne ke pUrva jIva ojAhArI hI hotA hai| aparyApta jIva jaba pUrNa vikasIta ho jAte hai to apanA AhAra lomAhAra prakriyA dvArA bhI lete hai| kyoMki vikasita jIva kI indriyA~ vikAsa kI avasthA ko prApta kara letI hai aura apanI koI bhI vastu ho to garva honA sahaja hI haiM kiMtu yaha sarva nAza kA kAraNa bhI hai| 285
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________________ tvacAdike mAdhyama se bhI AhAra grahaNa karane lagatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki garbha meM pala rahA zizu zItalatA Adi saMvedanAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura usIke anurupa apane manobhAvoM ko bhI vyakta karatA hai| arthAta agara yaha zItalatA usake anurupa hai to vaha prasanna hotA hai aura viparIta hone para aprasanna hotA hai| arthAt vaha lomAhAra kriyA dvArA AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| lekina hama yaha bhI jAnate hai ki yahI vikasita zizu jaba garbha se bAhara AtA hai to apanA AhAra kavalAhAra ke rupa meM bhI letA hai| arthAta garbhastha zizu jaba aparyApta avasthA meM rahatA hai to ojAhArI hotA hai vikAsa kI avasthA meM A jAne ke bAda ojAhArI aura lomAhArI donoM prakriyAoM se AhAra letA hai| jaba vaha garbha se bAhara nikala AtA hai usa samaya vaha lomAhArI evaM kavalAhArI donoM hI vidhi se AhAra letA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pazu yA mAnava tInoM hI vidhiyoM se AhAra lete hai| vanaspati ojAhAra evaM lomAhAra ke rupa meM jIvana paryaMta AhAra lete hai / kyoMki vanaspati jaDa se jalIya ghola ko sokhate hai tathA pattiyoM, tanAoM Adi ke dvArA gaiso kA zoSaNa karate hai ye kramaza: lomAhAra evaM ojAhAra vidhi dvArA grahaNa kiyA huA AhAra hotA hai / ata: yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki aparyApta jIva ojAhArI hai / vikasIta jIva ojAhArI, lomAhArI tathA lomAhArI kavalAhArI hai| vanaspati lomAhArI evaM ojAhArI hai / jaina darzana meM pratipAdita nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ina caturgatiyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai / inameM se devatA aura nArakI kavalAhArI nahIM hai tathA tiryaMca aura manuSya kavalAhArI haiM binA kavalAhAra lie inakA zarIra nahIM Tika sakatA hai kyoMki ye audArika zarIrI hai aura audArika zarIra ko TikAe rakhane ke lie kavalAhAra Avazyaka hai / pRthvIkAyAdi ekendriya jIva bhI kavalAhArI nahIM ho sakate kyoMki inheM mAtra eka indriya sparza kI hotI hai aura yaha sparza tvacA ke dvArA hI hotA hai / tvacA ke dvArA lomAhAra hI saMbhava hai / ata: ye yA to ojAhArI ho sakate hai yA lomAhArI yA donoN| vanaspati ke bAre meM to yaha pUrva meM hI batA diyA gayA hai ki ye ojAhArI evaM lomAhArI sAtha sAtha hai / jaisA ki vijJAna kA mata hai ki jIva jo bhI AhAra letA hai usakA pAcana hotA hai aura isa kriyA ke phalasvarupa jo pAcana rasa banate hai una sabakA zoSaNa tvacA dvArA hI hotA hai / ata: isa rupa meM to pratyeka jIva lomAhArI hI hai / pratyeka jIva ke lie zvasana kriyA eka Avazyaka prakriyA hai aura yaha niraMtara calatA rahatA hai tathA yaha vAyu ke rupa meM hamAre cAroM tarapha hai upasthita hai / isa vAyu kA grahaNa tvacA ke tathA nAsikA dvArA hotA hai / tvacA ke dvArA hone para yaha lomAhAra hai / lekina jIva kI utpati-sthAna ke cAroM tarapha jo vAyu phailI hai vaha 'oja' huI aura jIva niraMtara isa oja kA upayoga karatA hai / ata: vaha ojAhArI bhI huA / kahane kA artha yaha huA ki sAmAnya rupa se sabhI jIva ojAhArI evaM lomAhArI hai / kucha bhinnatA hai to vaha kavalAhAra ko lekara lekina ise bhI spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki audArika zarIra dhArI jIva apanA AhAra kavalAhAra ke rupa meM lete hai aura isa koTimeM tithaMca aura manuSya A jAte hai| 286 vedanA yA du:kha kA pAna karane vAle anya ko vedanA yA duHkha de hI nahIM skte|
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________________ saMdarbha : 3. lomAhArA pakkhevAhArA oyAhArA pajJApanA pada 28/8,9 sarIreNoyAhAro tayAi phAseNa loma aahaaro| pakkhevAhAro puNa kavalio hoi naayvvo|| karmagraMtha (bhAga-4), gA.TI.7 Amoeba captures and engulfs its prey by means of the Psuedopodia. Psuedopodia are formed at the points, Where the food comes in contact with the surface of the body-Modern Text Book of zoology : Invertebrate Kotpal, P.65 Malarial Parasites are sucked up by female anopheles Mosquito and are later on injected into the human blood by the female anopheles. Invertebrate zoology, Dr T.C. Majupuria PP. 126,128-134 Photosynthesis consists in the building up of simple carbohydrates such as sugars in the green leaf of the chloroplasts in the presence of sunlight (as a source of energy) from carbon dioxide and water absorbed from the air and the soil respectively. Botany for degree students, A.C. Dutta, P.312. 5. Frog is cold blooded or poikilothermal or ectothermal animal as its body temperature does not remain constant but fluctuates with that of environment. It digs down into the damp earth at the bottom of ponds to pass the adverse conditions of winter and rest. This going of under ground is known as winter sleep or hibernation. During hibernation period lung breathing is stopped, while skin breathing continues. Moreover it does not feed but to keep up its vital activites it consumes the reserve food stored in the form of fat bodies. Similarly during the summer it once again goes underground and this is called summer sleep -chordate zoology and animal Physiology, Jordan and verma, P.235 sarIreNoyAhArA tayAya phAseNa lomaAhAro pakkhevAhAro puNa kAvalio hoi nAyavyo / sUtrakRtAMga niyukti. 171 7. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, 172, evaM bhagavatI sUtra, prathama bhAga, (becaradAsajI), pR. 94 8. oja AhArA savve jIvA AhAraNA apajjattA / Agama uddhRta sUtrakRtAMga, hi.zru. munizrI hemacaMdrajI, pR.218 teeNa kammaeNaM Aharei aNaMtaraM jIve teNaM paraM misseNaM jAva sarIrassa nippaMtti / udadhata vahI. pR.218 10. sUtrakRtAMga, hi. zru. hemacaMdrajI mahArAja, pR. 219, zrI sUtrakRtAMgam, hi. zru. paM. ambikAdatta omtA, pR. 201 sadjJAna ke binA siddhi nhiiN| 287