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________________ jaina AgamoM meM sUkSma zarIra kI avadhAraNA aura Adhunika vijJAna DaoN. mahAvIra rAja gelar3A jaina Agama sAhitya meM sUkSma zabda kA prayoga aneka pAribhASika zabdoM ke sAtha huA hai| sUkSma jIva,' sUkSma pudgala, sUkSma zarIra, sUkSma kriyApratipAtI dhyAna, sUkSma sAMparAya guNasthAna, sUkSma sAMparAya cAritra Adi kA pramukha rUpa se ullekha huA hai| sAmAnyataH eka sthUla kI apekSA kisI dUsarI vastu ko sUkSma aura eka sUkSma vastu kI apekSA kisI dUsarI vastu ko sthUla kahA jAtA hai| jaina AgamoM meM pudgala ke sthUla aura sUkSma ke bheda meM paramANu ko antima sUkSma kahA hai| sthAnAMga ke jIva nikAya pada meM jIva ko do prakAra kA kahA hai-sUkSma aura baadr| sUkSma jIva atIndriya hote haiM tathA una jIvoM ke sUkSma nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai| kaI sUkSma jIva aise bhI haiM jo eka zarIra meM eka sAtha aneka rahate haiN| sUkSma jIva samUce loka meM vyApta haiM aura bAdara jIva loka ke eka bhAga meM rahate haiN| vizva sthiti kA rahasya prakaTa karane meM tathA atIndriya viSayoM ke nirNaya meM jainoM ne sUkSma jIva ke atirikta sUkSma pudgala tathA sUkSma zarIra kA gaharA evaM vaijJAnika vivecana kiyA hai| sUkSma zarIra, sUkSma pudgala se nirmita hai / ataH sUkSma pudgala ke vyavahAra kI carcA, Adhunika vijJAna ke sandarbha meM karanA nyAyasaMgata hogA, kyoMki prAyaH eka zatAbdI se vaijJAnika bhI sUkSma padArtha ke adhyayana meM gaharI ruci le rahe haiN| ___vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra AkAza meM aisA koI sthAna khAlI nahIM hai, jahA~ padArtha na ho, kyoMki UrjA padArtha se bhinna nahIM hai| vizva ke dUratama chora taka bhI tAroM kA prakAza pahu~catA hai, gurutvAkarSaNa kA bala rahatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra bhI isa loka meM sthUla tattva kI apekSA, sUkSma tattva kA bAhulya hai| sUkSma jIva aura sUkSma pudgala loka ke samasta AkAza pradezoM meM bhare haiN|'1 vijJAna sUkSma padArtha ke kSetra meM abhI anusaMdhAnarata hai tathA sthUla aura sUkSma ke vyavahAra kI bhinnatA para, nirNAyaka sthiti para nahIM pahuMcA hai| vaijJAnika dhAraNAoM ke anusAra saMhati ko jar3a kA maulika guNa mAnA gayA hai / padArtha kA sUkSma rUpa bhI saMhati se bhinna nahIM hai / jaina darzana sUkSma pudgala meM saMhati parisaMvAda-4 12a
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________________ 186 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana kA honA svIkAra nahIM karatA hai yadyapi sabhI sthUla pudgala saMhati sahita hote haiM / isa dRSTi se jainoM kI pudgala kI paribhASA, vijJAna ke padArtha kI paribhASA se bhinna ho jAtI hai / saMhati zUnya pudgala kevala cAra sparza ke hote haiM / " ve isa prakAra haiMsnigdha, rUkSa, zIta tathA uSNa / inameM guru laghu ke sparza nahIM hote haiM ataH ina sUkSma pudgaloM ke pArasparika saMyoga meM jaba snigdha athavA rUkSa sparza kI bahulatA hotI hai to guru laghu ke sparza utpanna hote haiM / ( isI prakAra zIta aura snigdha sparza kI bahulatA mRdu sparza tathA uSNa aura rUkSa kI bahulatA se kaThora sparza banatA hai) jaina dArzanikoM ne pudgaloM ke pArasparika saMyoga kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai / 3 jainoM ne mAnA hai ki saMhati zUnya hone ke kAraNa hI sUkSma pudgala tIvra gati se loka ke eka bhAga se dUsare bhAga meM eka samaya meM hI pahu~ca jAte haiM / saMhati zUnya pudgala kA vicAra, jainoM se maulika hai / sAdhAraNataH deha ko zarIra kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM jIva ke kriyA karane ke sAdhana ko zarIra kahA hai / 4 anya paribhASA ke anusAra jisake dvArA paudgalika sukha-dukha kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai vaha zarIra hai / " zarIra kA nirmANa pudgala vargaNAoM se hotA hai / prANI aura pudgala kA prathama sambandha zarIra hai / prANI kA sarvAdhika upakArI aura upayogI pudgala zarIra hai / kArya kAraNa Adi ke sAdRzya kI dRSTi se zarIra pA~ca prakAra ke batAye haiM agni, (1) audArika zarIra - ye sthUla pudgala se bane haiM / pRthvI, jala, vanaspati aura trasa jIvoM ke zarIra, audArika zarIra haiM / 1. audArika zarIra / 2. vaikriyaka zarIra / 3. AhAraka zarIra / 4. tejasa zarIra / 5. kArmaNa zarIra / (2) vaikriyaka zarIra -choTA-bar3A, halkA - bhArI, dRzya-adRzya Adi vividha kriyAe~ karane meM yaha zarIra samartha hotA hai / deva, nArakI tathA labdhijanya manuSya evaM tiryaMca ke yaha zarIra hotA hai / parisaMvAda 4 (3) AhAraka zarIra - yogazaktijanya zarIra / yaha yogI muni ke hotA hai / (4) taijasa zarIra - yaha vidyuta paramANu samUha kA banA hotA hai / vAyu,
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________________ jaina AgamoM meM sUkSma zarIra kI avadhAraNA aura Adhunika vijJAna 187 (5) kArmaNa zarIra-jIvoM kI sat asat kriyA ke pratiphala banane vAlA kArmaNa zarIra hai| ina pA~ca zarIra vargaNAoM meM sabase adhika sthUla vargaNAe~ audArika zarIra kI haiM aura uttarottara zarIra kI sUkSmatara haiN| pahile tIna zarIroM kI apekSA pichale do zarIra, sUkSma kahalAte haiN| ye sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke hara avasthA meM hote haiM / jIva ke ina do zarIroM ke alAvA audArika athavA vaikriyaka zarIra hotA hai| AhAraka zarIra sampanna muni apane saMdeha kI nivRtti ke lie eka putale kA nirmANa kara sarvajJa ke pAsa bhajate haiN| vaha unake pAsa jAkara unase saMdeha kI nivRtti kara punaH muni ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha zarIra yogI muniyoM ke hI sambhava hai| yaha zIghra gati se gamana karatA hai| yaha indriya-gamya bhI nahIM hotaa| phira bhI yaha zarIra taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra kI apekSA sthUla hotA hai, kyoMki yaha ATha sparza vAle pudgaloM se nirmita hotA hai / paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne tattvArthasUtra kI vivecanA meM sthUla zarIra aura sUkSma zarIra kA abhiprAya yaha kahA hai ki sthUla kI racanA parimANa meM zithila hotI hai aura sUkSma kI saghana / sthUla kI apekSA sUkSma meM ananta skandhoM kI saghanatA hotI hai / yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hogA ki sUkSma zarIra, saMhati rahita pudgaloM se bane haiM, ataH ve kama AkAza pradeza meM hI ananta skandhoM ke sahita samA jAte haiMyahI sUkSmatA hai| sUkSma zarIra ke astitva ko svIkAra karane meM jainoM kA spaSTa rUpa se yaha prayojana rahA hogA ki ve kucha mahatvapUrNa siddhAntoM ko sudRr3ha AdhAra de skeN| jaise (1) isa sRSTi kA kartA evaM niyantA Izvara nahIM hai| (2) punarjanma, kArmaNa zarIra kI bhautika evaM rAsAyanika prakriyA hai / (3) sUkSma pudgala kA gamana AkAza meM apratighAta hotA huA tIvragati se lokAnta taka ho sakatA hai| (1) jaina darzana Izvara ko isa loka kA kattI va niyantA svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina cintakoM ne sUkSma vizva kA gaharA adhyayana kara isa tathya ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA ki sUkSma jIva va pudgala ke stara para hone vAlI ghaTanAe~, parivartana, gati Adi unake guNa evaM paryAya para nirbhara karatI haiN| yaha jagat svayaM siddha hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke dAyare meM sabhI dravya apane guNa tathA paryAya ko prakaTa karate rahate haiN| sUkSma ke stara para hone vAlI ghaTanAe~, indriya grAhya na hone ke kAraNa, Izvara ko isakA parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 188 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana niyantA mAnanA bhrama hai / saMhati rahita sUkSma pudgala, sUkSma zarIra kA rahasyamaya vyavahAra kevala unake lie alaukika hai jo sUkSma ke vyavahAra se aparicita haiM / jainoM ne una sUkSma pudgaloM ko karma kahA jisake kAraNa jIva sukha duHkha pAtA hai / karma jar3a hai ataH sukha duHkha kI prakriyA bhI paudgalika hai / karma ke samUha jo jIva ke sAtha rahate haiM ve kArmaNa zarIra kahalAte haiM / isa sUkSma kArmaNa zarIra kI avadhAraNA se hI jaina darzana meM karmavAda kA siddhAnta sthira huA hai / karmavAda kA siddhAnta apane Apa meM eka svatantra viSaya hai / isI siddhAnta ne Izvara ko karttA tathA niyantA ke rUpa meM asvIkAra kiyA hai / (2) janma : janma kA artha hai utpanna honA / mRtyu ke bAda jIva kA punaH sthUla zarIra dhAraNa karanA punarjanma hai / jainoM ke anusAra mRtyu ke sAtha jIva kA isa bhava kA sthUla zarIra ( audArika athavA vaikriyaka) to chUTa jAtA hai lekina kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIra naye janma se pUrva jIva ke sAtha hI rahate haiM / ye zarIra hI punarjanma ke kAraNa haiM / ye sUkSma zarIra hI jIva ko gati dekara anya sthAna para le jAte haiN| jahA~ nayA AhAra prApta kara naye sthUla zarIra kA nirmANa prArambha hotA hai / ye zarIra punarjanma ke samaya jIva ko naye sthAna para kucha hI samaya meM binA pratighAta ke lokAnta taka bhI pahu~cA dete haiM / jainoM ne ise AzcaryakArI nahIM mAnA kyoMki sUkSma zarIra, saMhati rahita hote haiM ataH gamana karane meM koI pratighAta nahIM hotA / sthAnAMga sUtra meM isakA atyanta rocaka varNana AyA hai / 17 eka janma se dUsare janma meM jAte samaya antarAla gati ko do prakAra kA kahA hai- Rju aura vigraha / Rju gati eka samaya kI hotI hai aura jIva eka samaya meM hI naye sthAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai agara vaha sthAna AkAza kI samazreNI meM ho / yadi utpatti sthAna vizreNI meM hotA hai to jItra vigraha gati se jAtA hai / isa vigraha gati meM eka ghumAva hotA hai to usakA kAlamAna do samaya kA, jisameM do ghumAva hoM usakA kAla mAna tIna samaya kA aura tIna ghumAva hoM to usakA kAla mAna cAra samaya kA hotA hai / isa antara kA kAraNa loka kI banAvaTa hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM varNana hai ki loka aura aloka kI sImA para aise kone haiM ki vahA~ jIva ko janma lene meM adhikatama kAlamAna, cAra samaya laga sakate haiM aura jIva ko vigraha gati se jAnA hotA hai / isa antarAla gati meM jIva ke sAtha taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra rahate haiM / ataH saMsArI jIva sadaiva ina sUkSma zarIroM se yukta rahatA hai / punarjanma kA kAraNa bhI ye zarIra haiM aura inakI bhautika evaM rAsAyanika prakriyA hI parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jaina AgamoM meM sUkSma zarIra kI avadhAraNA aura Adhunika vijJAna 189 nirNAyaka hai jo unake snigdha evaM rUkSa guNa para nirbhara karatI hai| isa prakAra jainoM ne pudgala vijJAna ke AdhAra para punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko sthira kiyA hai| parAmanovijJAna ke prayogoM kI sArthakatA adhika mahattvapUrNa hogI jaba sUkSma zarIra ke saMhati rahita vyavahAra ke kSetra meM naye prayoga hoNge| . (3) vijJAna ke anusAra prakAza kI gati adhikatama hotI hai| jaina darzana meM prakAza ke pudgaloM ko ATha sparza vAle sthUla pudgala kahA hai| sUkSma pudgaloM kI gati, sthUla pudgaloM kI gati se adhika hone ke pramANa jaina AgamoM meM upalabdha haiN| (1) eka paramANu, eka samaya meM 14 rajjU taka kI yAtrA kara letA hai| (2) mana tathA vacana kI vargaNAe~ bhI eka samaya meM bahuta dUrI taya kara letI hai aura dUsare ke mana ke bhAva ko jAna letI haiN| (3) sUkSma zarIra bhI loka ke dUratama chora taka sIdhI gati se eka samaya meM hI pahu~ca jAte haiN| (4) jahA~ bhI cAra sparza vAlI pudgala vargaNAoM kA varNana hai, unakI gati atyanta tIvra mAnI hai| jaina AgamoM meM varNita ina udAharaNoM se kAla kI sUkSmatama ikAI samaya aura AkAza ko sUkSmatama ikAI pradeza ke sambandha meM cintana Avazyaka hai / sUkSma zarIra jahA~ lokAnta taka jAte haiM usameM eka samaya lagatA hai to eka AkAza pradeza se nikaTatama dUsare AkAza pradeza taka gamana karane meM bhI eka samaya lagatA hai / AgamoM meM jahA~ bhI sUkSma pudgaloM ke gamana ke bAre meM varNana hai, jo jIva ke lie upayogI hai, jaise mana, vacana, zvAsocchvAsa, taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra, lezyA, vahA~ unakI gati ke lie eka samaya kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhrama hotA hai ki saMbhavataH jainoM ke pAsa sUkSma kAla ke sambandhI koI spaSTa dhAraNA nahIM thI athavA sUkSma pudgala AkAza evaM kAla ke nirapekSa gamana karate hoNge| bhagavatI sUtra meM kAla ke vibhinna mAna die haiM19 tathA nAraka aura devoM taka ke AyuSya kAla kA pracura varNana kiyA hai / ataH yaha svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jainoM ke pAsa kAla kI koI spaSTa avadhAraNA nahIM rahI hogii| yaha mAnanA nyAyasaMgata hogA ki sUkSma pudgala tathA sUkSma zarIra kA gamana AkAza tathA kAla nirapekSa hotA hogA, tabhI ve eka samaya meM vibhinna dUriyA~ taya kara skeNge| vaijJAnika AinsTIna ke anusAra AkAza aura kAla koI svatantra tathya nahIM haiN| ye padArtha ke dharmamAtra haiN| sUkSma pudgaloM ke lie hI jainoM ko do dravya, dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya svIkAra karane par3e hoMge20 jo ki unakI gati evaM sthiti meM sahAyaka ho sakeM, kyoMki sthUla pudgala kI gati AkAza evaM kAla sApekSa hotI hai, una pudgaloM meM saMhati hotI hai ataH ve svayaM ke parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 190 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayane guNa se hI gatimAn ho jAte haiN| sthUla pudgala kI gati ke lie dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya kA honA anivArya nahIM hai| sambhava yahI hai ki sUkSma pudgala tathA sUkSma zarIra kI gati AkAza tathA kAla nirapekSa hone se ve apratighAta karate hue gamana kara lete haiM aura lokAnta taka bhI pahu~ca jAte haiN| isa prakAra sUkSma zarIra kI avadhAraNA se jaina AgamoM meM jIva tathA pudgala donoM ke sUkSma svarUpa ko nizcita kiyA gayA hai / saMdarbha 1. prajJApanA pada 1 2. anuyogahAra ( pramANadvAra ), ThANaM 2 / 2 3. tattvArthasUtra 2 / 38 4. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 41 5. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 8123 6. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 8 / 14 7. tattvArthasatra 5 / 24 8. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 1114 9. ThANaM 2 / 55 10. tattvArthasUtra 2138 11. uttarAdhyayana 26 / 72 12. bhagavatI 2 / 4, prajJApanA 289 13. tattvArtharAjavArtika 5 / 34, 35, 36 14. tattvArthasUtra 2 / 37 15. jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 8 / 26 16. tattvArthasUtra 2 / 38 17. ThANe 2 / 181 18. bhagavatIsUtra 16 / 116 19. bhagavatIsUtra 11 / 128 20. ThANaM 2 / 1 gavarnameNTa kAleja, bhIlavAr3A, rAjasthAna parisaMvAda 4