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________________ tulasI pUjA, lADana (ja.) 4dira 414 Raaort - Dcy. (113 i 54 2450 250.. KAc.-V5/94 - jaina AgamoM meM huA bhASika svarUpa parivartana : eka vimarza sAgaramala jaina prAkRta eka bhASA na hokara, bhASA samUha hai| prAkRta ke ina vividha bhASita rUpoM kA ullekha hemacandra prati prAkRta-vyAkaraNavidoM ne kiyA hai| prAkRta ke jo vibhinna bhASika rUpa upalabdha haiM, unheM nimna bhASika vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai-mAgadhI, arddha-mAgadhI, zaurasenI, jaina zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, jaina mahArASTrI, paizAcI, bAcaDa, cUlikA, DhakkI Adi / ina vibhinna prAkRtoM se hI Age calakara apabhraMza ke vividha rUpoM kA vikAsa humA aura jinase kAlAntara meM asamiyA, bagalA, ur3iyA, bhojapurI yA pUrvI hindI, paMjAbI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, marAThI mAdi bhAratIya bhASAyeM astitva meM AyI / ataH prAkRteM sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM kI pUrvaja hai aura mAdhunika hindI kA vikAsa bhI inhIM ke AdhAra para hamA hai| merI dRSTi meM to saMskRta bhASA kA vikAsa bhI, inhIM prAkRtoM (vibhinna boliyoM) ko saMskArita karake eka sAmAnya samparka bhASA ke vikAsa ke hetu hI huA hai, jisakA prAcIna rUpa chAndas (vaidika saMskRta) thA aura vahI chAndam bhASA hI sAhityika saMskRta kI jananI hai| jisa prakAra vibhinna uttara bhAratIya boliyoM (apabhraza ke vividha rUpoM) se hamArI hindI bhASA kA vikAsa huA hai, usI prakAra prAcIna kAla meM vibhinna prAkRta boliyoM se saMskRta bhASA kA nirmANa huA / saMskRta zabda hI isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki vaha eka saMskArita bhASA hai, jabaki prAkRta zabda hI prAkRta ko mUla bhASA ke rUpa meM adhiSThita karatA hai| prAkRta kI 'prakRtiryasya saMskRtam' kahakara jo vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai, vaha mAtra saMskRtavidoM ko prAkRta-vyAkaraNa kA svarUpa samajhAne kI dRSTi se kI jAtI hai| prAkRta ke saMdarbha meM hameM eka do bAte aura samajha lenI caahie| prathama sabhI prAkRta vyAkaraNa saMskRta meM likhe gaye haiM, kyoMki unakA prayojana samkRta ke vidvAnoM ko prAkRta bhASA ke svarUpa kA jJAna karAnA rahA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki prAkRta bhASA ko AdhAragata bahuvidhatA ke kAraNa khaNDa 19, aMka 3 233
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________________ aura aHNA usakA koI eka sampUrNa vyAkaraNa banA pAnA hI kaThina hai| usakA vikAsa vividha boliyoM se huA hai aura boliyoM meM vividhatA hotI hai| sAtha hI . unameM deza-kAla gata prabhAvoM aura mukha-muvidhAoM ke kAraNa parivartana hote rahate hai| prAkRta nirbhara kI bhAMti bahatI bhASA hai| use vyAkaraNa meM Abaddha kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai / isIlie prAkRta ko bahula' arthAt vividha vaikalpika rUpoM vAlI bhASA kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH prAkRteM apane mUla rUpa meM bhASA na hokara boliyA' hI rahIM hai| yahAM taka ki sAhityika nATakoM meM bhI inakA prayoga boliyoM ke rUpa meM hI dekhA jAtA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki mRcchakaTika jaise nATaka meM aneka prAkRtoM kA prayoga huA hai, usake vibhinna pAtra bhinna-bhinna prAkRta bolate hai| ina vibhinna prAkRtoM meM se adhikAMza kA astitva mAtra bolI ke rUpa meM hI rahA, jinake nidarzana nATakoM aura abhilekhoM meM pAye jAte hai| mAtra addhamAgadhI, jaina-zaurasenI aura jaina mahArASTrIhI aisI bhASAyeM hai, jinameM jainadharma ke vipula sAhitya kA sRjana huA hai / pezAcI prAkRta ke prabhAva se yukta mAtra eka grantha prAkRta dhammapada milA hai| inhI jana boliyoM ko jaba sAhityika bhASA kA rUpa dene kA prayatna jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA, to usameM bhI bAdhAragata vibhinnatA ke kAraNa zabda rUpoM .. vibhinnatA raha gii| satya yaha hai ki vibhinna boliyoM para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa sAhityika prAkRtoM meM bhI zabda rUpoM kI yaha vividhatA raha jAnA svAbhAvika hai| vibhinna boliyoM kI lakSaNagata, vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hI prAkRta bhASAmoM ke vividha rUpa bane haiM / boliyoM ke AdhAra para vikasita ina prAkRtoM jo mAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi rUpa bane haiM, unameM bhI pratyeka meM vaikalpika zabda-rUpa pAye jAte haiM / ata: una sabhI meM vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se pUrNa ekarUpatA kA abhAva hai| phira bhI bhASAvidoM ne vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke mAdhAra para unakI lakSaNagata vizeSatAeM mAna lI haiM, jaise -mAgadhI meM 'sa' ke sthAna para 'za', 'ra' ke sthAna para 'la' kA uccAraNa hotA hai| ataH mAgadhI meM puruSa kA pulisa aura rAjA kA lAjA rUpa pAyA jAtA hai, jabaki mahArASTrI meM purisa aura rAyA rUpa banatA hai| ardhamAgadhI meM 'ta' zruti kI pradhAnatA hai aura vyaMjanoM ke mopa kI pravRtti malpa hai, vahIM gaurasenI 14/ me tikI aura mahArASTrI meM 'ya' zruti kI pradhAnatA pAyI jAtI hai tathA gopa kI pravRtti adhika hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ardhamAgadhI meM 'ta' yathAvat rahatA hai, zaurasenI meM 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da' aura mahArASTrI meM lupta-vyaMjana ke bAda zeSa rahe 'ba' kA 'ya' hotA hai| prAkRtoM meM ina lakSaNagata vizeSatAoM ke bAvajUda dhAtu rUpoM evaM zabda rUpoM meM aneka vaikalpika rUpa to pAye hI jAte haiM / yahA yaha bhI smaraNa rahe ki nATakoM meM prayukta vibhinna prAkRtoM kI tulasI prajJA apekSA jaina graMthoM meM prayukta ina prAkRta bhASA kA rUpa kucha bhinna hai aura kisI sImA taka unameM lakSaNagata bahurUpatA bhI hai| isIlie jaina bhAgamoM meM prayukta mAgadhI ko ardha-mAgadhI kahA jAtA hai kyoki usameM mAgadhI ke bhatirikta anya boliyoM kA prabhAva ke kAraNa mAgadhI se bhinna lakSaNa bhI pAye jAte hai / jahA~ abhilekhIya prAkRtoM kA prazna hai unameM zabda rUpoM kI itanI adhika vividhatA yA bhinnatA hai ki unheM vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se myAkhyAyita kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki unakI prAkRta sAhityika prAkRta na hokara sthAnIya boliyoM para AdhArita hai| yApanIya evaM digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM jisa bhASA kA prayoga humA hai, vaha jaina zaurasenI kahI jAtI hai / use jaina zaurasenI isaliye kahate hai ki usameM zaurasenI ke atirikta ardhamAgadhI ke bhI kucha lakSaNa pAye jAte haiN| usa para ardhamAgadhI kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, kyoMki isameM racita graMthoM ke AdhAra ardhamAgadhI bhAgama hI the| isI prakAra zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne prAkRta ke jisa bhASAyI rUpa ko apanAyA vaha jaina mahArASTrI kahI jAtI hai| isameM mahArASTrI ke lakSaNoM ke atirikta kahIM-kahIM ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI ke lakSaNa bhI pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki isame racita graMthoM kA bAdhAra bhI mugyataH bhardhamAgadhI aura jaina zaurasenI sAhitya rahA hai| ataH jaina paramparA meM upalabdha kisI bhI graMtha kI prAkRta kA svarUpa nizcita karanA eka kaThina kArya hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM koI bhI aisA grantha nahIM milatA, jo vizuddha rUpa se kisI eka prAkRta kA pratinidhitva karatA ho| Aja upalabdha vibhinna zvetAmbara ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM cAhe pratizatoM meM kucha bhinnatA ho, kiMtu vyApaka rUpa se mahArASTrI kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| mAcArAMga aura RSi-bhASita jaise prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM adhaM-mAgadhI ke lakSaNa pramukha hote hue bhI kahIMkahIM Azika rUpa meM zaurasenI kA evaM vizeSa rUpa se mahArASTrI kA prabhAva A hI gayA hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA ke zaurasenI granthoM meM eka ora ardhamAgadhI kA to dUsarI ora mahArASTrI kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| kucha aise anya bhI haiM jinameM lagabhaga 60 pratizata zaurasenI evaM 40 prazitata mahArASTrI pAyI jAtI hai-jaise vasunandI ke bAvakAcAra kA prathama saMskaraNa, jJAtavya hai ki paravartI saMskaraNoM meM zaurasenIkaraNa adhika kiyA gayA hai| kuMdakuMda ke graMthoM meM bhI yatra-tatra mahArASTrI vA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| ina saba vibhinna bhASika rUpoM ke pArasparika prabhAva yA mizraNa ke atirikta mujhe apane adhyayana ke daurAna eka mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha milI ki jahAM zaurasenI graMthoM meM jaba ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke uddharaNa diye gae, to vahAM unheM apane ardha-mAgadhI rUpa meM na dekara unakA zaurasenI rUpAMtaraNa karake diyA gayA khaNDa 11, aMka 3 235
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________________ hai| isI prakAra mahArASTrI ke graMthoM meM athavA vetAmbara AcAryoM dvArA likhita graMthoM meM jaba bhI zaurasenI ke grandhakA uddharaNa diyA gayA, to sAmAnyatayA use mUla zaurasenI meM na rakhakara usakA mahArASTrI rUpAMtaraNa kara diyA gyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM jo uttarAdhyayana, mAcAroga Adi ke uddharaNa pAye jAte hai, unake adhamAgadhI rUpa meM na hokara zaurasenI rUpa meM hI milate hai| isI prakAra haribhadra ne zaurasenI prAkRta ke 'yApanIya-taMtra' nAmaka graMtha se 'lalitavistarA' meM jo uddharaNa diyA vaha mahArASTrI prAkRta meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra cAhe ardhamAgadhI Agama ho yA zaurasenI Agama, unake upalabdha saMskaraNoM kI bhASA na to pUrNataH ardhamAgadhI hai aura na hI shaursenii| ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI donoM hI prakAra ke AgamoM para mahArASTrI kA vyApaka prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai jo ki ina donoM kI apekSA paravartI hai / isI prakAra mahArASTrI prAkRta ke kucha granthoM para to paravartI apabhraza kA bhI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| ina bhAgamoM athavA Agama tulya granthoM ke bhASAI svarUpa kI vividhatA ke kAraNa unake kAlakrama tathA pArasparika AdAna-pradAna ko samajhane meM vidvAnoM ko paryApta umajhanoM kA anubhava hotA hai, mAtra itanA hI nahIM kabhIkabhI ina prabhAvoM ke kAraNa ina graMthoM ko paravartI bhI siddha kara diyA jAtA hai| mAtra mAgamika sAhitya ke bhASika svarUpa ko vividhatA ko dUra karane tathA unheM apane mUla svarUpa meM sthira karane ke kucha prayatna bhI prArambha hue haiN| sarvaprathama DaoN0 ke0 RSabhacandra ne prAcIna ardhagadhI Agama jaisebhAcArAga, sUtrakRtAMga meM Aye mahArASTrI ke prabhAva ko dUra karane evaM unheM apane mUla svarUpa meM lAne ke lie prayatna prArambha kiyA hai| kyoMki eka hI sadhyAya yA upaka meM loya aura loga yA mAyA aura mAtA donoM hI rUpa dekhe jAte haiN| isI prakAra kahIM kiyA rUpoM meM bhI 'ta' zruti upalabdha hotI hai bora kahI usake sopa kI pravatti dekhI jAtI hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM hue ina bhASika parivartanoM se unake artha meM bhI kitanI vikRti AyI isakA bhI ga0 pandrA ne apane lekhoM ke mAdhyama se saketa kiyA hai tathA yaha batAyA hai ki ardhamAgadhI 'khetanna' zabda kisa prakAra 'kheyanna' bana gayA aura usakA jo mUma 'kSetrajJa' artha thA vaha 'khedajJa' ho gyaa| ina saba kAraNoM se unhoMne pATha saMzodhana hetu eka yojanA prastuta kI aura AcArAga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke prathama madhyayana ke prathama uddezaka kI bhASA kA sampAdana kara use prakAzita bhI kiyA hai| isI krama meM maiMne bhI bAgama saMsthAna udayapura ke DaoN. subhASa koThArI evaM DaoN. sureza sisodiyA dvArA bAcArAMga ke vibhinna prakAzita sakiraNoM se pAThAtaroM kA saMkalana karavAyA hai| isake virA meM pahalA sva zrI jauharImalajI pArakha ne uThAyA hai| zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM AyI isa cetanA kA prabhAva digambara vidvAnoM para bhI par3A aura AcAryazrI vidyAnaMdajI ke nirdezana meM AcArya kunda-kunda ke graMthoM ko pUrNataH gaurasenI meM rUpAntarita karane kA eka prayatna prArambha humA hai. isa dizA meM prathama kArya balabhadra jaina dvArA samayasAra, niyamasAra kA kundakunda bhAratI se prakAzana hai / yadyapi digambara paraMparA meM hI paM0 khuzAlacanda gorAvAlA, padyacandra zAstrI Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne isa pravRtti kA virodha kiyaa| Aja zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparAboM meM mAgama yA Agama rUpa meM mAnya granthoM ke bhASika svarUpa saMzodhana kI jo cetanA jAgRta huI hai, usakA kitanA aucitya hai, isakI carcA to maiM bAda meM kruuNgaa| sarvaprathama to ise samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki ina prAkRta Agama graMthoM ke bhASiz2a svarUpa meM kina kAraNoM se aura kisa prakAra ke parivartana Aye haiN| kyoMki isa tathya ko pUrNataH samajhe binA kevala eka dUsare ke AdhAra para athavA apanI paramparA ko prAcIna siddha karane hetu kisI graMtha ke svarUpa ko parivartana kara denA, saMbhavataH ina granthoM ke aitihAsika krama evaM kAla-nirNaya evaM inake pArasparika prabhAva ko samajhane meM bAdhA utpanna karegA ora isase kaI prakAra ke anya anartha bhI sambhava ho sakate hai| kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina bhAcAryoM evaM jaina vidvAnoM ne apane bhASika vyAmoha ke kAraNa athavA pracalita bhASA ke zabda rUpoM ke AdhAra para prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana kiyA hai| jaina AgamoM kI vAcanA ko lekara jo mAnyatAeM pracalita haiM unake anusAra sarvaprathama I0 pU0 tIsarI zatI meM bIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka sau pacAsa varSa pazcAt pATalIputra meM prathama vAcanA huii| isameM usa kAla taka nirmita Agama graMthoM, vizeSataH aMga AgamoM kA sampAdana kiyA gayA / yaha spaSTa hai ki paTanA kI yaha vAcanA magadha meM huI thI aura isalie isameM AgamoM kI bhASA kA jo svarupa nirdhArita huA hogA, vaha nizcita hI mAgadhI/ardhamAgadhI rahA hogaa| isake pazcAta lagabhaga I0pU0 prathama zatI meM khAravela ke zAsanakAla meM ur3IsA meM dvitIya bAcanA huI yahAM para isakA svarUpa ardhamAgadhI rahA hAgA, phitu isake lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pazcAt skadila aura Arya nAgArjana kA adhyakSatA meM pramazaH mathurA va balabhI meM vAcanAeM huii| saMbhava hai ki mathurA meM huI isa vAcanA meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM para vyApaka rUpa se zaurasenI kA prabhAva AyA hogA / vasabhI ke vAcanA vAle bAgamoM meM nAgArjunIya pAThoM ke to ullekha milate haiM. kiMtu skaMdila kI vAcanA ke pATha bhedoM kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai / skaMdila kI vAcanA sambandhI pATha bhedoM kA yaha anullekha vicAraNIya hai| naMdIsUtra meM skaMdila ke sambandha meM yaha kahA tulasI prajJA khaNa 19, aMka 3 237
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________________ gayA hai ki unake anuyoga (Agama-pATha) hI dakSiNa bhArata kSetra meM Aja bhI pracalita haiN| saMbhavataH yaha saMketa yApanIya AgamoM ke sambandha meM hogA yApanIya paramparA jina AgamoM ko mAnya kara rahI thI, usameM vyApaka rUpa me bhASika parivartana kara diyA gayA thA aura unheM zaurasenI rUpa de diyA gayA thaa| yadyapi Aja pramANa ke abhAva meM nizcita rUpa se yaha batA pAnA kaThina hai ki pApanIya AgamoM kI bhASA kA svarUpa kyA thA, kyoMki yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya aura vyAkhyAyita ve Agama upalabdha nahI hai| yadyapi aparAjita ke dvArA dazakAlika para TIkA likhe jAne kA nirdeza pApta hotA hai, kintu vaha TIkA bhI Aja prApta nahIM hai| ataH yaha kahanA to kaThina hai ki yApanIya AgamoM kI bhASA kitanI ardhamAgadhI thI ora kitanI zaurasenI kintu itanA taya hai ki yApanIyoM ne apane granthoM meM AgamoM, prakIrNakoM evaM niyuktiyoM kI jina gAthAoM ko gRhIta kiyA hai athavA udhRta kiyA hai ve sabhI Aja zorasenI rUpoM meM hI pAyI jAtI haiN| yadyapi Aja bhI una para bahuta kucha ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva zeSa raha gayA hai| cAhe yApanIyoM ne sampUrNa AgamoM ke bhASAI svarUpa ko ardhamAgadhI se zaurasenI meM rUpAMtarita kiyA ho yA nahIM, kintu unhoMne Agama sAhitya se jo gAthAeM uddhRta kI hai, ve adhikAMzataH Aja apane zaurasenI svarUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai| yApanIya AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM yaha parivartana jAnabUjha kara kiyA gayA yA jaba mathurA jaina dharma kA kendra banA taba sahaja rUpa meM yaha parivartana A gayA thA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| jaina dharma sadaiva se kSetrIya bhASAoM ko apanAtA rahA aura yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki dhuta paramparA se calI AyI ina gAthAoM meM yA to sahaja hI kSetrIya prabhAva mAyA ho yA phira usa kSetra kI bhayako dhyAna meM rakhakara use usa rUpa meM parivartita kiyA gayA ho / yaha bhI satya hai ki balabhI meM jo devadhigAMNa kI adhyakSatA meM bI. ni. saM. 980 yA 293 meM atima bAcanA huI, usameM kSetragata mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva jaina AgamoM para vizeSa rUpa se AyA hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna meM zvetAmbara mAnya ardhamAgadhI AgAmoM kI bhASA kA jo svarUpa upalabdha hai, usa para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva hI adhika hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM bhI una AgamoM kI bhASA mahArASTrI se adhika prabhAvita huI hai, jo adhika vyavahAra yA pracalana meM rhe| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana aura dazavekAlika jaise prAcIna stara ke Agama mahArASTrI se adhika prabhAvita haiN| jabaki RSibhASita jaisA Agama mahArASTrI ke prabhAva se bahuta kucha mukta rahA hai| usa para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva atyalpa hai| Aja ardhamAgadhI kA jo Agama sAhitya hameM upalabdha hai, usameM ardhamAgadhI kA sarvAdhika pratizata isI grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai| 225 tulasI pajJA jaina Agamika evaM Agama rUpa meM mAnya ardhamAgadhI tathA zaurasenI granthoM meM bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana kyoM huA ? isa prazna kA uttara aneka rUpa meM diyA jA sakatA hai| vastuta ina granthoM meM hue bhASika parivartanoM kA koI eka hI kAraNa nahIM hai, apitu aneka kAraNa hai, jina para hama kramaza: vicAra kreNge| 1. bhArata meM jahAM vaidika paramparA ne veda vacanoM ko maMtra mAnakara unake svara vyaMjanoM kI uccAraNa-yojanA ko aparivartanIya banAye rakhane para adhika bala diyA, vahAM unake liye zabda aura dhvani hI mahatvapUrNa rahe aura artha gauNa / Aja bhI aneka vedapAThI brAhmaNa aise haiM, jo veda maMtroM ke uccAraNa, laya Adi ke prati atyanta satarka rahate haiM, kiMtu ve unake arthoM ko nahIM jAnate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki veda zabda rUpa meM yathAvat bane rhe| isake viparIta jaina paramparA meM yaha mAnA gayA ki tIrthaMkara artha ke upadeSTA hote hai unake vacanoM ko zabda rUpa to gaNadhara Adi ke dvArA diyA hai| jainAcAryo ke liye kathana kA tAtparya hI pramukha thaa| unhoMne kabhI bhI zabdoM para bala nahIM diyaa| zabdoM meM cAhe parivartana ho jAe, lekina arthoM meM parivartana nahIM honA cAhiye, yahI jaina bAcAyoM kA pramukha lakSya rahA / zabda rUpoM kI unakI isa upekSA ke phalasvarUpa hI AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana hote gae 2. Agama sAhitya meM jo bhASika parivartana hue, usakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha thA ki jaina bhikSu saMgha meM vibhinna pradezoM ke bhikSugaNa sammi lita the| apanI-apanI prAdezika boliyoM se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa unakI uccAraNa zailI meM bhI svAbhAvika bhinnatA rahatI phalataH Agama sAhitya ke bhASika svarUpa meM bhinnatAeM bhA gayIM / 3. tIsare jaina bhikSu sAmAnyatayA bhramaNazIla hote haiM, unakI bhramaNazIlatA ke kAraNa unako boliyoM, bhASAoM para bhI anya pradezoM kI boliyoM kA prabhAva garatA hai phalata: AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM bhI parivartana yA mizraNa ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba pUrva kA bhikSu pazcimI pradezoM meM adhika bihAra karatA hai to usakI bhASA meM pUrva evaM pazcima donoM hI boliyoM kA prabhAva A hI jAtA hai| ataH bhASika svarUpa kI ekarUpatA samApta ho jAtI hai| 4. sAmAnyatayA buddha vacana buddha-nirvANa ke 200-300 varSa ke andara 102 239
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________________ hI bandara likhita rUpa meM mA ge| ina unake bhASika svarUpa meM unake racanAkAla ke bAda bahuta adhika parivartana nahIM pAyA tathApi unako uccAraNa zailI vibhinna dezoM meM bhinna-bhinna rahI aura vaha Aja bhI hai| thAI, barmI aura zrIlaMkA ke bhikSuoM kA tripiTaka kA uccAraNa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai phira bhI unake likhita svarUpa meM bahuta kucha ekarUpatA hai| isake viparIta .jaina bhAmika evaM Agamatulya sAhitya eka sudIrgha kAla taka likhita rUpa meM nahIM A sakA, vaha guru-ziSya paramparA se maukhika hI calatA rahA phalataH deza kAlagata uccAraNa bheda se unake bhASika svarUpa meM bhI parivartana hotA gyaa| bhArata meM kAgaja kA pracalana na hone se grantha bhojapatroM yA tAipatroM para likhe jAte / tAipatroM para graMthoM ko likhavAnA aura unheM surakSita rakhanA jaina muniyoM kI ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kI bhAvanA ke pratikUla thaa| lagabhaga I. sana kI 5 vIM zatI taka isa kArya ko pApa pravRtti mAnA jAtA tathA isake lie daNDa kI vyavasthA bhI thii| phalataH mahAvIra ke pazcAt lagabhaga 1000 varSa taka jaina sAhitya zruta paramparA para hI AdhArita rhaa| zrutaparamparA ke bAdhAra para AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa ko surakSita rakhanA kaThina thaa| ata: uccAraNa zailo kA bheda AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa ke parivartana kA kAraNa bana gyaa| 5. Agamika evaM Agama-tulya sAhitya meM Aja bhASika rUpoM kA / jo parivartana dekhA jAtA hai, usakA eka kAraNa sohiyoM (pratilipikAroM) kI asAvadhAnI bhI rahI hai| pratilipikAra jisa kSetra ke hote the, una para kSetra kI bolI/bhASA kA prabhAva rahatA thA aura asAvadhAnI se apanI prAdezika bolI ke zabda rUpoM ko likha dete the| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM cAhe mUla-pATha meM 'gacchati' likhA ho lekina pracalana meM 'gacchaI kA vyavahAra hai, to pratilipikAra gacchaI' rUpa hI likha degaa| 6.jaina mAgama evaM bAgama tulya grandha meM DAle bhASika parivartanoM kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki ve vibhinna kAlo evaM pradezoM meM saMpAdita hote rahe hai / sampAdakoM ne unake prAcIna svarUpa ko sthira rakhane kA prayala nahIM kiyA, apitu unhe sampAdita karate samaya apane yuga evaM kSetra ke pracalita bhASAyI svarUpa ke AdhAra para unameM parivartana kara diyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ardhamAgadhI meM likhita bhAgama bhI jaba mathurA meM saMkalita evaM sampAdita hue to unakA bhASika svarUpa ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA zaurasenI ke nikaTa ho gayA, aura jaba basabhI meM likhe gaye to vaha mahArASTrI se prabhAvita ho gayA / yaha alaga bAta hai ki aisA parivartana sampUrNa rUpa meM na ta ho sakA aura unameM adhamAgadho ke tattva bhI bane rhe| sampAdana aura pratilipi karate samaya bhASika svarUpa ko ekarUpatA para vizeSa bala nahIM die jAna ke kAraNa jaina Agama evaM Agamatulya sAhitya ardhamAgadhI, gorasanI evaM mahArASTrI kI khicar3I hI bana gayA aura vidvAnoM unakI bhASA ko jaina zaurasenI aura jaina mahArASTrI aise nAma diye / na prAcIna saMkalana kartAoM ne usa para dhyAna diyA aura na Adhunika kAla ke sampAdakoM, prakAzakoM ne isa tathya para dhyAna diyaa| pariNAmataH eka hI bhAgama ke eka hI vibhAga meM 'loka', 'loga', 'loma' aura 'loya'-aise cAroM hI rUpa dekhane ko mila jAte haiN| ___ yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa se to ina bhASika rUpoM ke parivartanoM ke kAraNa koI bahuta bar3A artha-bheda nahIM hotA hai kiMtu kabhI-kabhI inake kAraNa bhayaMkara arthabhena bhI ho jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM eka do udAharaNa dekara apanI bAta ko spaSTa karanA caahuuNgaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sUtrakRAga ke prAcIna pATha 'rAmaputte' badalakara cUNi meM 'rAma/utte' ho gayA, kintu vahI pATha sUtrakRtAMga kI zIrloka kI TIkA meM 'rAmagutta' ho gyaa| isa prakAra jo zabda rAmaputra kA vAcaka thA, vaha rAmagupta kA vAcaka ho gyaa| isI bAdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne use guptazAsaka rAmagupta mAna liyA hai-usake dvArA pratiSThApita vidizA kI jina mUrtiyoM ke abhilekhoM se usakI puSTi bhI kara dii| jabaki vastutaH vaha nirdeza buddha ke samakAlIna rAmaputra nAmaka zramaNa AcArya ke sambandha meM thA, jo dhyAna eva yoga ke mahAn sAdhaka the aura jinase svayaM bhagavAna buddha ne dhyAna prakriyA sIkhI thii| unase saMbaMdhita eka adhyayana RSibhASita meM Aja bhI hai, jabaki aMtakRt dezA meM unase sambandhita jo adhyayana thA, vaha bAja vilupta ho cukA hai| isakI vistRta carcA (Aspects of Jainology Vol. II meM) maiMne apane eka svataMtra lekha meM kI hai / isI prakAra AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM prayukta 'khettanna' zabda, jo 'kSetrajJa' (AtmajJa) kA bAcI thA, mahArASTrI ke prabhAva se Age calakara ayaNNa' bana gayA aura use 'sedajJa' kA vAcI mAna liyA gyaa| isakI carcA pro0ke0 Ara0 candrA ne zramaNa 1992 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM kI hai / mataH spaSTa hai ki ina parivartanoM ke kAraNa aneka sthaloM para bahuta adhika artha bheda bhI ho gaye hai| Aja vaijJAnika rUpa se sampAdana kI jo zailI vikasita huI hai usake mAdhyama se ina samasyAmoM ke samAdhAna kI apekSA hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM saMketa kiyA thA ki Agamika evaM bhAgama tulya graMthoM ke prAcIna svarUpa ko sthira karane lie zvetAmbara- ka khaNDa 19, aMka 3 241 tulasI prajJA
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________________ paramparA meM pro. ka0 Ara0candrA/aura digambara-paramparA ma AcArya zrA bicAnanda ke sAnidhya meM zrI balabhadra jaina ne prayatna prArabha kiyA hai| kintu ina prayatnoM kA kitanA aucitya hai aura isa sandarbha ma bhana-kina sAvadhAniyAM kI mA-zyakatA hai, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai yadi prAcIna pA ko 14 kA yaha prayatna sampUrNa sAvadhAnI aura ImAnadArI se na hAratA sA duppAraNAma bhI ho sakate haiN| prathamataH prAkRta ke vibhinna bhASika rUpa liye hue ina granthoM meM pArasparika prabhAva aura pArasparika avadAna ko arthAt kisane kisa paramparA se kyA liyA hai, ise samajhane ke lie mAja jo suvidhA hai, vaha inameM bhASika ekarUpatA lAne para samApta ho jAyegI / Aja namaskAra matra meM 'namA' aura 'NamoM' zabda kA jo vivAda hai, usakA samAdhAna mora ko zabda bha prAcIna hai isakA nizcaya, hama bAravela aura mathurA ke abhilekhAMka AdhAra para kara sakate haiM aura yaha kaha sakate hai ki ardhamAgadhI kA 'namo' rUpa prAcIna hai, jabaki zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kA Namo' rUpa paravartI kyoMki kI dUsarI zatI taka abhilekhoM meM kahIM bhI Namo' rUpa nahIM miltaa| jabaki chaThoM zatI se dakSiNa bhArata ke jana abhilekhoM meM Namo' rUpa bahutAyata se milatA hai| isase phalita yaha nikalatA hai ki (Namo) pa para hai aura jina granthA meM 'na' ke sthAna para 'Na' kI bahulatA hai, ve grantha bhI paravartI hai / yaha satya hai ki 'namo se parivartita hokara hI Namo' rUpa banA hai| jina mabhilamoM meM Namo' rUpa milatA hai ve sabhI I. san0 ko cauthI zatI ke bAda ke hI hai| isI prakAra se namaskAra maMtra kI aMtima gAthA meM 'eso paMca namukkAro, sabba pAvappaNAsaNI maMgalANa ca savasi par3hama havai maMgalaM'-- esA pATha hai / ina prayukta 57 prathamA vibhakti meM 'ekAra' ke sthAna para 'okAra' kA prayoga tathA havati ke / sthAna habadda manda rUpa kA prayoga yaha batAtA hai ki isakI racanA ardhamAgadhI se mahArASTrI ke saMkramaNa-kAla ke bIca kI hai aura yaha aMza namaskAra maMtra meM bAda meM jor3A gayA hai| isameM zaurasenI rUpa 'hodi' yA 'havadi' ke sthAna para nahArASTrI zabda rUpa 'havaI' hai jo yaha batAtA hai-yaha aMza mUlata: mahArASTrI meM nirmita humA thA aura vahIM se hI zaurasenI meM liyA gayA hai| isI prakAra zaurasenI AgamoM meM bhI isake 'hava' zabda rUpa kI upasthiti bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki unhoMne isa aMza ko paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta ke granthoM se hI grahaNa kiyA hai| anyathA vahAM mUla kI senA 'havadi' yA 'hodi' rUpa hI honA thaa| Aja yadi kisI ko gorakhanI kA adhika Agraha ho, to kyA ve namaskAra maMtra ke isa 'hava' zabda kI 'hadi' yA 'hAdi' rUpa meM parivartita kara deMge? jabaki tIsarI cauthI pAnI se Aja taka kahI bhI 'havara' ke atirikta anya koI zabda-rUpa upalabdha hI nahIM hai| prAkRta ka bhASika svarUpa kasabaMdha meM dUsarI kaThinAI yaha hai ki prAkRta kA mUla mAdhAra kSetrIya boliyoM hone meM usaka eka hI kAla meM vibhinna rUpa rahe haiN| prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM jA 'bahula' zabda hai vaha svayaM isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki cAra zabda pahA, pAhadhAtu+tatyA ugasaga Adi hI, unakI bahuvidhatA kA asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / eka bAra hama mAna bhI leM ki eka kSetrIya bolI meM eka hI rUpa rahA hogA, kintu cAhe vaha zorasenI, addhamAgadhI yA mahArASTrI prAkRta ho, sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM inake vikAsa ka mUla meM vividha boliyA rahI hai / ataH bhASika ekarUpatA kA prayatna prAkRta kI apanI mUla prakRti kI dRSTi se kitanA samIcIna hogA, yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| punaH cAha hama eka bAra yaha mAna bhI leM ki prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA jo bhA sAhityika rUpa rahA vaha bahuvidha nahIM thA aura usameM vyaMjanoM ke sopa, unaka sthAna para 'a' yA 'ya' kI upasthiti athavA 'na' ke sthAna para 'Na' kI pravRtti nahIM rahI hogA aura isa bhAdhAra para AcArAMga Adi kI bhASA kA ardhamAgadhI svarUpa sthira karane kA prayatna ucita bhI mAna liyA jAye, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina-garamparA meM zaurasenI kA Agama tulya sAhitya mUlataH ardhamAgadhI bhAgama sAhitya AdhAra para aura usase hI vikasita huA, ataH usameM jo mardhamAgadhI yA mahArASTrI kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, use pUrNata: nikAla denA kyA ucita hogA? yadi hamane yaha duHsAhasa kiyA bhI to usase granthoM ka kAla-nirdhAraNa Adi meM aura unakI pArasparika prabhAvakatA ko samajhane meM, Aja jo sugamatA hai, vaha naSTa ho jaayegii| yahI sthiti mahArASTrI prAkRta kI bhI hai| usakA AdhAra bhI ardhamAgadhI aura azata zaurasanI bAgama rahe haiM. yadi unake prabhAva ko nikAlane kA prayatna kiyA gayA to vaha bhI ucita nahIM hogA / seyaNNa kA prAcIna rUpa mattA hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke grantha meM eka bAra 'khettanna' rUpa prApta hotA hai to use hama prAcIna zabda rUpa mAnakara rakha sakate haiM, kintu madhamAgadhI ke grantha meM sattana' rUpa upalabdha hote hue bhI mahArASTrI rUpa seyanna' banAye racanA ucita nahIM hogA / jahA naka ardhamAgadhI Agama granthoM kA prazna hai una para paravatI kAla meM jo zorasenI yA mahArASTrI prAkRtoM kA prabhAva A gayA hai, use dUra karane kA prayatna kisI sImA taka ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu isa prayatna meM bhI nimna sAvadhAniyA apekSita haiN| (1) prathama to yaha ki yadi mUla hastapratiyoM meM kahIM bhI vaha zabda rUpa nahIM milatA hai, to usa zabda rUpa ko kisI bhI sthiti meM parivartita na kiyA jAye / kintu prAcIna ardhamAgadhI zabda rUpa jo kisI bhI mUla hasta prati meM eka-do sthAnoM para bhI upalabdha hotA hai, use anyatra parivartita kiyA jA tulasI prajJA khaNDa 19, aka3
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________________ w luita vaha sakatA hai| yadi kisI ardhamAgadhI ke prAcIna grantha meM 'loga' evaM 'lAya' dAnA rUpa milate hoM to vahAM arvAcIna rUpa 'loya' ko prAcIna rUpa 'loga' meM rUpAMta rita kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu isake sAtha hI yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki yadi eka pUrA kA pUrA gadyAMza yA padyAMza mahArASTrI meM hai aura usameM prayukta zabdoM ke vaikalpika ardhamAgadhI rUpa kisI eka bhI Adarza prati meM nahIM milate haiM to una aMzoM ko parivartita na kiyA jAye, kyoMki saMbhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki vaha aMza paravartI kAla meM prakSipta huA ho, ataH usa aMza ke prakSipta hone kA AdhAra jo usakA bhASika svarUpa hai, usako badalane se Agamika zodha meM bAdhA utpanna hogii| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AcArAMga ke prArambha meM 'suyaM me asaMteNa bhagavayA evaM/ akkhAya' ke aMza ko hI leM, jo sAmAnyatayA sabhI pratiyoM meM isI rUpa meM milatI hai| yadi hama ise ardhamAgadhI rita karake 'sutaM me mAusanteNa bhagavatA evaM akkhAtA' kara deMge to isake prakSipta hone kI jo saMbhAvanA hai vaha samApta ho jaayegii| ataH prAcIna stara ke Agamo meM kisa aMza ke bhASika svarUpa ko badalA jA sakatA hai aura kisako nahIM, isa para gaMbhIra ciMtana kI AvazyakatA hai| rUpAnta isI saMdarbha meM RSibhASita ke eka udAharaNa para vicAra kara sakate haiN| isameM pratyeka RSi ke kathana ko prastuta karate hue sAmAnyatayA yaha gadyAMza milatA hai barahatA isiNA buddantaM kintu hama dekhate haiM ki isake 45 adhyAyoM meM se 37 meM 'buinta' pATha hai, jabaki 7 meM 'buiya' pATha hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi isa 'budayaM' pATha vAle aMza ke Asa-pAsa anya zabdoM ke prAcona ardhamAgadhI rUpa milate ho to 'buiyaM' ko bujhanta meM badalA jA sakatA hai| kintu yadi kisI zabda rUpa ke Age-pIche ke zabda rUpa bhI mahArASTrI prabhAva vAle ho, to phira use badalane ke lie hameM eka bAra socanA hogaa| kucha sthitiyoM meM yaha bhI hotA hai ki graMtha kI eka hI Adarza prati upalabdha ho aisI sthiti meM jaba taka unakI pratiyAM upalabdha na hoM, taba taka unake sAtha cher3a-chAr3a karanA ucita nahIM hogaa| ataH ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI ke bhASika rUpoM ko parivartita karane ke kisI nirNaya se pUrva sAvadhAnI aura bauddhika ImAnadArI kI AvazyakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM aMtima rUpa se eka bAta aura nivedana karanA Avazyaka hai, vaha hai ki yadi mUlapATha meM kisI prakAra kA - parivartana kiyA bhI jAtA hai, to bhI 'itanA to avazya ho karaNIya hogA ki pAThAntaroM ke rUpa meM anya upalabdha zabda rUpoM ko bhI anivArya rUpa se rakhA parivartita karane ke lie jo prati AdhAra mUla prati / chAyA ko bhI prakAzita kiyA jAya, sAtha hI bhASika rUpoM ko rUpa meM mAnya kI gayI ho usakI jAya, kyoMki cher3a-chADa ke isa krama meM jo sAmpradAyika Agraha kArya kareMge, usase graMtha kI maulikatA ko paryApta dhakkA laga sakatA hai| ba 208 hai aisA nahIM hai, mUla HE 'na' sataM, 'bhagavatA akhAle Anda hastaprata aura mudrama Agama meM - KKC. AcArya zAntisAgaraMjI aura unake samarthaka kucha digaMbara vidvAnoM dvArA SaTkhaM DAMgAma (111193 ) meM se 'saMjada' pATha ko haTAne kI evaM zvetAmbara paramparA me muni zrI phUlacaMdajI dvArA paramparA ke viparIta lagane vAle kucha Agama ke aMzoM ko haTAne kI kahAnI abhI hamAre sAmane tAjI hI hai| yaha to bhAgya hI thA ki isa prakAra ke prayatnoM ko donoM hI samAja ke prabuddha varga ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura isa prakAra se saiddhAMtika saMgati ke nAma para jo kucha anartha ho sakatA thA, usase hama baca gye| kintu Aja bhI 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke tAmra patroM evaM prathama saMskaraNa kI mudrita pratiyoM meM 'sajada' zabda anupasthita hai / isI prakAra phUlacaMdajI dvArA saMpAdita aMga suttANi meM kucha Agama pAThoM kA vilopana huA hai ve pratiyAM to bhaviSya meM bhI raheMgI, ataH bhaviSya meM to yaha saba nizcaya hI vivAda kA kAraNa bnegaa| isaliye aise kisI bhI prayatna se pUrva pUrI sAvadhAnI evaM sajagatA Avazyaka hai| mAtra 'saMjada' pada haTa jAne se usa grantha ke mApanIya hone kI jo pahacAna hai, vahIM samApta ho jAtI aura jaina paramparA ke itihAsa ke sAtha anartha ho jAtA / 1 upayukta samasta carcA se merA prayojana yaha nahIM hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama evaM Agama tulya zaurasenI granthoM ke bhASAyI svarUpa kI ekarUpatA evaM prAcIna svarUpa ko sthira karane kA koI prayatna hI na ho merA dRSTikoNa mAtra yaha hai ki usameM vizeSa satarkatA kI AvayazkatA hai| sAtha hI isa prayatna kA pariNAma yaha na ho ki jo paravartI grantha prAcIna ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke AdhAra para nirmita hue haiM, unakI usa rUpa meM pahacAna hI samApta kara dI jAye aura isa prakAra Aja graMthoM ke paurvAparya ke nirdhAraNa kA jo bhASAyI AdhAra hai vaha bhI naSTa ho jaaye| yadi praznavyAkaraNa, nandIsUtra Adi paravartI AgamoM kI bhASA ko prAcIna ardhamAgadhI meM badalA gayA athavA kundakunda ke granthoM kA yA mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA pUrNa zaurasenIkaraNa kiyA gayA to yaha ucita nahIM hogA, kyoMki isase unakI pahacAna aura itihAsa hI naSTa ho jAyegA / jo loga isa parivartana ke pUrNataH virodhI haiM unase bhI maiM sahamata nahIM hU~ | maiM yaha mAnatA hU~, AcArAMga RSibhASita evaM sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna AgamoM ko isa dRSTi se punaH sampAdana honA caahie| isa prakriyA ke virodha meM jo svara ubhara kara sAmane Aye haiM unameM joharImalajI pArakha kA svara pramukha hai| ve vidvAn adhyetA aura zraddhAzIla donoM hI haiM phira bhI "tulasIprajJA" meM unakA jo lekha prakAzita huA hai usameM unakA vaiduSya zraddhA ke atireka meM daba sA gayA hai| unakA sarvaprathama tarka yaha hai ki Agama sarvaza ke vyAkaraNoM ke niyama thope nahIM jA sakate ki ve anusAra hI boleN| yaha koI tarka nahIM mAtra unakI 245 vacana haiM, ataH una para vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ke khaNDa 19, aMka 3
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________________ hI baddhA kA atirake hI hai| prathama prazna tA yahAM hai ki kyA ardhamAgadhI Agama usameM kisI prakAra kA aisA hai to unameM aneka ? apane vartamAna svarUpa meM sarvajJa kI vANI haiM? kyA vilopana, prakSepa yA parivartana nahIM huA hai? yadi sthaloM para antavirodha kyoM haiM? kahI lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA ATha hai kahI to kyoM hai? kahAM cAra sthAvara aura do basa hai, kahI tIna trasa aura tIna sthAvara kaha gaye, to kahIM pAca sthAvara aura eka trasa / yadi Agama prazabdaza: mahAvIra kA vANI hai, to AgamoM aura vizeSa rUpa se aMga Ag2amo meM mahAvIra ke tIna sau varSa pazcAt utpanna hue gaNoM ke ullekha kyoM hai ? yadi kahA jAya ki bhagavAt sarvajJa the aura unhoMne bhaviSya kI ghaTanAoM ko jAnakara (yaha ullekha kiyA to prazna yaha ki vaha kathana vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se bhaviSyakAlika bhASA rUpa meM honA thA vaha bhUtakAla meM kahA gayA bhagavatI meM gozAlaka ke prati jisa prakAra kI zabdAvalI kA prayoga huA hai kyA vaha aMza vItarAga bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ho sakatI hai kyA Aja prazna vyAkaraNa, antakRta dazA, anutaropapAtikUzA aura vipAkadazA kI viSaya-vastu vahI hai, jo sthAnAga meM ullikhita hai ? tathya yaha hai ki yaha saba parivartana huA hai, bhAja hama usase iMkAra nahIM kara sakate haiM Aja aise aneka tathya hai, jo vartamAna Agama sAhitya ko akSarazaH sarvajJa ke vacana mAnane meM bAdhaka hai| paramparA ke anusAra bhI tajJa to artha (viSaya vastu) ke pravaktA hai zabda rUpa to unako gaNadharA yA paravartI sthaviroM dvArA diyA hai| punaH kyA Aja hamAre pAsa jo Agama hai. ve ThIka vaise hI hai jaise zabda rUpa se gaNadhara gautama unheM racA thA Agama granthoM meM paravartI kAla meM jo vilopana, parivartana, parivardhana aura jinakA sAkSya svayaM Agama hI de rahe hai, usase kyA hama iMkAra kara sakate hai ? svayaM devadhi ne isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai to phira hama nakArane vAle kAna hote hai? AdaraNIya pArakhajI likhate haiM- paNDitoM se hamArA yahI Agraha rahegA ki kRpayA binA bhala sela ke vahI pATha pradAna kareM jo tIrthakaroM ne artharUpa meM prarUpita aura gaNadharoM na sUtrarUpa meM saMkalita kiyA thaa| hamAre liye vahIM zuddha hai| sarvajJoM ko jisa akSara zabda, pada, vAkya yA bhASA ko prayoga abhISTa thA, vaha sUcita kara gaye, aba usameM asarvajJa phera badala nahIM kara sktaa| unake isa kathana ke prati merA prathama prazna to yahI hai ki Aja taka AgamoM meM jo parivartana hotA rahA vaha kisane kiyA ? Aja nahIM hai ? Aja murzidAbAda, itana adhika pATha bheda kyoM mAneM aura Apake zabdoM meM kyA Aja paNDita AgamI haiM yA phira va usaka zuddha svarUpa ko sAmane lAnA hamAre pAsa jo gama haiM unameM ekarUpatA kyoM haidarAbAda, bambaI, lADanU Adi ke saMskaraNoM meM hai ? inameM se hama kisa saMskaraNa ko sarvajJa vacana kisa bhelasela kaha ? merA dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki meM kaI bhela sela kara rahe 246 tulasI prajJA cAhata hai kisI bhI pAzcAtya saMzodhaka dRSTi sampanna vidvAn na AgamoM meM koI bhalasena kiyA? isakA eka bhI udAharaNa ho to hameM btaayeN| durbhAgya yaha Traika zuddhi ke prayatna ko masala kA nAma diyA jA rahA hai aura vyartha meM usakI AlocanA kI jA rahI hai| tumaH jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai DA0 candrA eka bhI aisA pATha nahI sujhAyA hai jA Adarzasammata nahIM hai| unhoMne mAtra yahA~ prayatna kiyA hai ki jo bhI prAcIna zabda rUpa kisI bhI eka Adarza prati meM eka-do sthAnoM para bhI mila gaye usa AdhAra mAnakara anya sthaloM para bhI vahI prAcIna rUpa rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yadi unheM bhela saMsa karanA hotA to ve itane sAhasa ke sAtha pUjya munijanoM evaM vidvAnoM ke vicAra jAnana ke liye use prasArita nahIM krte| phira jaba pArakhajI svayaM yaha kahate - ki kula 116 pATha bhadA ma kevala AusaMtaNa' ko chor3akara zeSa 115 pAThabheda aisa haiM ki jinasa artha meM koI phaka nahIM par3atA to phira unhoMne aisA kona sA aparAdha kara diyA jisase unake zrama kI mUlyavattA ko svIkAra karane ke sthala para use nakArA jA rahA hai| Aja yadi AcArAMga ke lagabhaga 40 se adhika saMskaraNa hai aura yaha bhI satya hai ki sabhI ne AdarzoM ke AdhAra para hI pATha chApe hai to phira kisa zuddha aura kise azuddha kaheM, kyA sabhI ko samAna rUpa se zuddha mAna liyA jAyegA ? kyA hama byAvara, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU aura aura mahAvIra vidyAlaya vAle saMskaraNoM ko samAna mahatva kA samajhe bhaya mela sela kA nahIM hai bhaya yaha hai ki adhika prAmANika evaM zuddha saMskaraNa ke nikala jAne se pUrva saMskaraNoM ke sampAdana meM rahI kamiyAM ujAgara ho jAne kA aura yahAM khIja kA mUla kAraNa hai| punaH kyA zraddheya pArakha jI "yaha batA sakate haiM ki koI bhI aisI Adarza prati haijo pUrNataH zuddha hai jaba AdazoM meM bhinnatA ra azuddhiyA hai to unheM zuddha karane ke liye vyAkaraNa ke atirikta vidvAn kisakA sahArA leMge ? kyA Aja taka koI bhI Agama grantha binA vyAkaraNa kA sahArA liye mAtra Adarza ke AdhAra para chapA hai| pratyeka sampAdaka vyAkaraNa kA sahArA lekara hI Adarza kI azuddhi ko ThIka karatA hai| yadi ve svayaM yaha mAnate haiM ki Adarzo meM azuddhiyAM svAbhAvika haiN| to phira unheM zuddha kisa AdhAra para kiyA jAegA? maiM bhI yaha mAnatA hUM ki sampAdana meM Adarza prati kA AdhAra Avazyaka hai kintu na to mAtra Adarza se aura na mAtra vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se samAdhAna hotA hai| usameM donoM kA sahayoga Avazyaka hai| mAtra yahAM nahIM, aneka pratoM ko sAmane rakhakara tulanA karake evaM viveka se bhI pATha zuddha karanA hotA hai| jaisAki AcArya zrI tulasI jI ne muni zrI jambUvijayajI ko apanI sampAdana zailI kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue batAyA thaa| AdaraNIya pArakhajI evaM unake dvArA uddhata muni zrI jambUvijayajI khaNDa 19, aMka 3 247 -
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________________ na kA yaha kathana ki 'AgamoM meM anunAsika parasavarNa vAle pATha prAyaH nahIM milata haiM, svayaM hI yaha jAtA hai ki kvacit to milata haiN| punaH isa sambandha meM ga. candrA ne Agamodaya samiti ke saMskaraNa aura TIkA tathA caNi ka saMskaraNoM se pramANa bhI diye hai / vastutaH lekhana kI muvi kA kAraNa hI anunAsika parasavarNa vAle pATha bAdoM meM kama hote gaye hai| kintu loka bhASA meM debAja bhI jIvita hai| ataH candrAjI ke kArya ko pramANa rahita yA bhAdarzarahita kahanA ucita nahIM hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha bhAgamo ke saMskaraNoM meM lAgna aura mahAvIra vidyAlaya ke saMskaraNa adhika prAmANika mAne jAte haiM, kintu unameM bhI 'ta' aura 'ya' zruti ko lekara yA madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa sambandhI jo vaividhya haiM, vaha na kevala Azcaryajanaka haiM apitu vidvAnoM ke lie cintanIya bhI haiN| yahA mahAvIra vidyAlaya se prakAzita sthAnAMgasUtra ke hI eka do udAharaNa Apake sAmane prastuta kara rahA huuN| pattAri basthA pannattA, sahA-sutI nAma ege mutI, muI nAma ege basuI, cubhNgo| evAmeva cattAri purisajAtA pannattA, tajahA sutI NAma ege sutI, cubhNgo| (caturtha sthAna, prathama uddezya sUtrakramAka 241, 0 saMkhyA 94) / ___ isa prakAra yahAM bApa dekheMge ki eka hI sUtra meM 'sutI' mora 'suI' donoM kapa upasthita hai| isase mAtra zabda-rUpa meM hI bheda nahIM hotA hai, artha bheda bhI ho sakatA hai kyoMki sutI kA artha hai sUta se nirmita jabaki muha (zudhi) kA bartha hai pavitra / isI prakAra isa sUtra meM 'NAma' aura 'nAma' donoM zabda rUpa eka hI sAtha upasthita hai| isI sthAnAMga sUtra se eka anya udAharaNa lIjiesUtra kramAka 445, pRSTha 197 para 'nimrantha' zabda ke lie prAkRta zabda rUpa 'niyaMTha' prayukta hai,to sUtra 446 meM 'niggaMtha' aura pAThAMtara meM 'niyaMTha" rUpa bhI diyA gayA hai / isI grantha meM sUtra saMkhyA 458, pR. 197 para dhammatyikAMta, adhammatyikAMta aura bAgAsasthikAyaM - isa prakAra 'kAya' zabda ke do bhinna sabda rUpa kAtaM aura kArya diye gaye hai| yadyapi 'ta' zruti prAcIna ardhamAgadhI ko pahacAna hai, kintu prastuta saMdarbha meM sutI, nitaMTha aura kAta meM jo 'ta' kA prayoga hai vaha mujhe paravartI lagatA hai| lagatA hai ki 'ya' zruti ko 'ta' zruti meM badalane ke prayatna bhI kAlAntara meM hue aura isa prayatna meM binA artha kA vicAra kiye 'ya' ko 'ta' kara diyA gayA hai| zuci ke sutI, nirgrantha kA nitaMTha aura kAya kA kAMta kisa prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke niyama se banegA- parI jAnakArI meM to nahIM hai / isase bhI Azcaryajanaka eka udAharaNa hameM harSapuSyAmRta jaina graMthamAlA dvArA prakAzita nikti ke prArambhika maMgala meM milatA hai 4) yat namo marihatANa, gamo siddhANa, Namo AyariyANa, Namo uvabhAga, 20 Namo loe sabbasAhUNaH eso paMcavanamukkAro, samvapAvappaNAsaNo, / maMgalANa ca sabbesi, paDhama havai maMgala / ___ yahA hama dekhate haiM ki jahAM namo arihaMtANaM meM prArambha meM 'na' rakhA gayA jabaki Namo siddha Na se lekara zeSa cAra padoM meM mAdi kA 'na' 'Na' kara diyA gayA hai| kintu aiso paMcanamukkAro meM punaH 'na' upasthita hai| hama AdaraNIya pArakha jI se isa bAta meM sahamata ho sakate haiM ki bhinna kAloM meM bhinnavyaktiyoM se carcA karate hue prAkRta bhASA ke bhinna zabda rUpoM kA prayoga ho sakatA hai| kintu graMtha-nirmANa ke samaya aura vaha bhI eka hI sUtra yA vAkyAMza meM do bhinna poM kA prayoga to kabhI bhI nahIM hogaa| punaHyadi hama para yaha mAnate haiM ki bhAgama sarvajJa vacana hai, to jaba sAmAnya vyakti bhI aisA prayoga nahIM karatA hai, phira sarvajJa kaise karegA? phira isa prakAra kI bhinna rUpatA ke lie lekhaka nahIM, apitu pratilipikAra hI uttaradAyI hotA hai| prataH aise pAThoM kA zuddhIkaraNa anucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / eka hI sUtra meM 'sutI' aura 'muI', 'nAma' aura 'gAma' niyaMTha aura nimgaMdha, kAtaM aura kArya- aise do zabda rUpa nahIM ho sakate / unakA pATha-saMzodhana Avazyaka hai / yadyapi isameM bhI yaha sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai ki ta zruti kI prAcInatA ke vyAmoha meM kahIM sarvatra 'ya' kA 'ta' nahIM kara diyA jAve jaise zuci-suI kA 'sutI,' niggaMdha kA nitaMTha athavA 'kAya' kA kAtaM pATha mahAvIra vidyAlaya vAle saMskaraNa meM hai| hama pArakha jI se isa bAta meM sahamata hai ki koI bhI pATha Adarza meM upalabdha hae binA nahIM badalA jAya, kintu 'Adarza' meM upalabdha hone kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki 'sarvatra' aura sabhI Adarza' upalabdha ho hA~, yadi Adarza yA mAdarza ke aMza meM prAcIna pATha mAtra eka do sthaloM para hI mile aura unakA pratizata 20 se bhI kama ho to vahAM unheM prAyaH na badalA jaay| kintu, yadi unakA pratizata 2. se adhika ho to unheM badalA jA sakatA hai-zarta yahI ho ki Agama kA vaha aMza paravartI yA prakSipta na ho-jaise AcArAMga kA dUsarA ba taskandha yA praznavyAkaraNa / kintu eka hI sUtra meM yadi isa prakAra ke bhinna rUpa Ate haiM to eka sthala para bhI prAcIna rUpa milane para anyatra unheM parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai| pATha zaddhikaraNa meM dUsarI sAvadhAnI yaha Avazyaka hai ki bhAgamoM meM kahI-kahIM prakSipta aMza hai athavA saMgrahaNIboM aura niktiyoM kI anekoM gAthAeM bhI avatarita kI gayI haiM, aise sthaloM para pATha-zuddhikaraNa karate samaya prAcIna rUpoM kI upekSA karanI hogI aura Adarza meM upalabdha pATha ko paravartI hote hue bhI yathAvat rakhanA hogaa| isa tathya ko hama isa prakAra bhI samajhA sakate hai ki yadi eka / 248 tulasI prajJA khaNDa 19, aMka 3.
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________________ A adhyayana, uddezaka yA eka paMrAgrApha meM yadi 70 pratizata prayoga mahArASTrI yA 'ya' zruti ke haiM aura mAtra 10 prAtazata prayoga prAcIna adhamAgadhI ke haiM to vahA pATha ke mahArATrI rUpako rakhanA hI ucita hai| sabhava hai ki vaha prakSipta rUpa ho, kintu isaka hita unameM 60 pratizata prAcIna rUpa hai aura 40 pratizata arvAcIna mahArASTrI ke pato vahA prAcIna rUpa rakhe jA sakate hai| punaH Agama saMpAdana aura pATha zuddhIkaraNa ke isa upakrama meM diye jAne vAle mUla pATha ko zuddha evaM prAcIna rUpa diyA jAya, kintu pATha TippaNiyoM meM sampurNa pAThAntaroM kA saMgraha kiyA jaay| isakA lAbha yaha hogA kAlAntara meM yadi saMzAdhana kArya kare to usame muvidhA ho| anta meM maiM yaha kahanA cAhUMgA ki pro0 ke0 bhAra0 candrA apanI zAgarika Adi aneka sImAoM ke bAvajUda bhI jo yaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa ora dhamamAdhya kArya kara rahe haiM, usakI mAtra AlocanA karanA kadApi ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ve jo kArya kara rahe haiM vaha na kevala karaNIya hai balki eka sahI dizA dene vAlA kArya hai| hama unheM mujha, to de sakate haiM lekina anadhikRta rUpa se yana-kena prakAreNa sarvajJa aura zAstra-zraddhA kI duhAI dekara | unakI AlocanA karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM rakhate / payoki ve jo bhI kArya kara rahe haiM yaha bauddhika ImAnadArI sAtha, nilipta bhAva meM tathA sampradAyagata bhAgrahoM se Upara uThakara kara rahe haiM, unakI niyata meM bhI koI |zakA nahIM kI jA sktii| ata: meM jana vidyA ke vidvAnoM se namra nivedana | kagA ki yeNAntacitta se unake prayatnoM kI mulyavattA ko samajhe aura apane pAnA ramala Muh; - DaoN. 1100: je. . M.WIK. No. 3. Ch.Dec (153 Dark: . 310) meM | .. 5 5|3vtn :11maza. - 5 . 2 33 se 250 -- tulasI pakSA