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________________ jaina Agama-aupapAtika sUtra kA sAMskRtika adhyayana bhAratavarSa saMtoM kI sAdhanA bhUmi hai / RSiyoM kI ciMtana bhUmi hai / vIroM evaM satiyoM kA jIvanotsarga tIrtha hai / aneka mahApuruSoM ne samaya-samaya para isa pavitra bhUmi meM janma le kara apanI AtmA kA carama AdhyAtmika caramotkarSa kiyA, unnati kI ora janatA ko satpatha pradarzita kiyaa| prAcInakAla meM adhyayana adhyApana prAyaH maukhika hI adhika hayA karatA thA isalie bahata se mahApuruSoM kI anubhUtirUpa vANI Aja hameM prApta nahIM hai| jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhAratavarSa ne jo unnati kI usakA, bhI lekhA-jokhA batalAne vAlA prAcIna sAhitya adhikAMza lupta ho cukA hai| prApta prAcIna granthoM meM una graMthoM se pUrvavartI jina granthakAroM va pustakoM kA nAma ullikhita milatA hai unameM se adhikAMza grantha aba prApta nahIM haiN| isI se hama apanI prAcIna sAhitya-saMpadA ko kitanA adhika kho cuke haiM isakA sahaja hI patA calatA hai| lekhana-kalA kA samucita vikAsa hone ke bAda bhI bahata bar3A sAhitya naSTa ho cukA hai| bhArata kI do prAcIna saMskRtiyAM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM-eka vaidika dUsarI zramaNa / vaidika saMskRti sambandhI prAcIna sAhitya veda Adi upalabdha haiM para zramaNa saMskRti kA itanA prAcIna sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai; jaisA ki bahuta se vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yadi vaidika-Arya bAhara kahIM se prAkara bhArata meM base haiM to usase pahale bhArata meM anArya evaM zramaNa saMskRti ke astitva kA patA calatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti meM sambhava hai pahale aura bhI kaI dhArAe hoM, para vartamAna meM bauddha aura jaina ye do dhArAeM hI prasiddha haiM / inameM se bauddha dharma to gautamabuddha ke dvArA aba se 2500 varSa pUrva hI pravartita huA para jaina dharma ke antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIra buddha ke samakAlIna the, ata : prAcIna hai / usase pUrva 23 tIrthaGkara aura ho cuke haiM jinameM se pArzvanAtha ko to sabhI vidvAna aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAnate haiM aura unake cAturyAma dharma kA bauddha granthoM meM nigrantha dharma ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| pArzvanAtha ke pUrvavartI bhagavAn neminAtha-puruSottama zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI the / ataH unheM bhI kaI vidvAn aitihAsika mAnane lage haiN| bhagavAn RSabhadeva, jo jaina dharma ke anusAra isa avasarpaNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaGkara the, unake bar3e putra bharata ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma 'bhArata' prasiddha A aura jinakI bar3I putrI brAhmI ke nAma se bhAratavarSa kI prAcIna lipi kA nAma 'brAhmI' pdd'aa| una RSabhadeva ko bhAgavata purANa meM eka avatArI puruSa ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| mohanajodar3o aura har3appA kI khudAI meM prApta dhyAnastha nagnamUrtiyAM jaina dharma se sambandhita honA adhika saMbhava hai| jaina dharma ke pracAraka--tIrthaGkara sabhI isI bhArata bhUmi meM hae aura unakA janma, pravrajyA, kevalajJAna prApti aura mokSa yAvat saMpUrNa jIvana bhArata meM hI bItA aura vizeSakara uttara-pUrva, pradeza meM / isase jaina dharma bhArata kA bahuta prAcIna dharma siddha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kI vANI Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| para kaI vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya jo caudaha pUrvo kA jJAna thA vaha saMbhavata: bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI hI vANI ho / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 12 / / varSoM taka kaThora sAdhanA karake kaivalya jJAna prApta kiyA aura tIsa varSa taka sarvajJa ke rUpa meM sarvatra vicaraNa karate rahe / unhoMne samaya-samaya, evaM sthAna-sthAna para bhavya jIvoM ke kalyANa ke liye jo kucha upadeza diyA vaha
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________________ 122 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA unake pradhAna ziSya--gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAGgI ke rUpa meM grathita kara liyA, jise 'gaNipiTaka' kahA jAtA hai| laMbe durbhikSa tathA manuSyoM kI hrasamAna-smRti Adi ke kAraNa caudaha pUrva aura bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda sUtra kA evaM jJAna bhagavAna mahAvIra se dau sau varSa ke bhItara hI bhadrabAhu sthalibhadra se vichinna ho gayA aura usake kucha kAla bAda taka dasa pUrvo kA jJAna rahA thA, vaha bhI braja svAmI ke bAda nahIM rahA / isalie vIra nirvANa ke 180 varSa bAda jaba jaina Agama devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ne vallabhI nagarI meM lipibaddha kiye, taba kevala gyAraha aga sUtra aura kucha anya grantha hI baca pAye the, jinake nAma naMdI evaM pakSIsatra meM pAye jAte haiN| ekAdaza aMga sUtroM meM bhI aba mUla rUpa, meM unake jitane parimANa kA ullekha cauthe aMga sUtra-samavAyAMga meM milatA hai, prApta nahIM hai / samavAyAMga meM bArahaveM dRSTivAda--aga sUtra kA vistRta vivaraNa hai, caudaha pUrva usIke antargata mAne gaye haiM / dRSTi vAda bahuta lambe arse se nahIM miltaa| para dasavAM aMga praznavyAkaraNa na mAlUma kaba lupta ho gyaa| samavAyAMga aura naMdIsUtra meM 'praznavyAkaraNa' ke viSayoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha vartamAna meM prApta 'praznavyAkaraNa' meM nahIM milatA hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki pAgama lekhana ke samaya taka 'prazna vyAkaraNa' mUlarUpa meM prApta hogA para usake bAda usa sUtra meM mantra vidyA, prazna vidyA kA vivaraNa hone se anadhikAriyoM ke dvArA usakA durupayoga na ho, yaha samajha kara kisI bahutha ta prAcArya ne usake sthAna para pAMca pAzrava aura pAMca saMvara dvAra vAle sUtra ko pracArita kara diyaa| gyAraha aMga sUtroM kA bhI jo parimANa samavAyAMga Adi meM likhA hai usase vartamAna meM prApta usI nAma vAle aMgasUtra bahuta hI kama parimANa vAle milate haiM / jisa prakAra AcAraMga ke padoM kI saMkhyA 18000 hajAra, sUtrakRtAMga kI 36000, sthAnAMga kI 72000, samavAyAMga kI 140,000, aura vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavattI) kI 84000 padoM kI saMkhyA batalAI gaI hai unameM se prAcArAMga 2525, sUtra kRtAMga 2100, sthAnAMga 3600, samavAyAMga 1667, bhagavatI 15752 zloka parimita hI prApta haiM / yadyapi samavAyAMga meM ullikhita pada ke parimANa ke saMbaMdha meM kucha matabheda haiM phira bhI yaha to nizcita hai ki upalabdha pAgama, mUlarUpa se bahuta kama parimAraNa vAle raha gaye haiN| chaThe 'jJAtAdharma kathA' meM sAr3he tIna karor3a kathAoM ke hone kA ullekha 'samava.yAMga' meM hai, unameM se aba kevala prathama zrutaskaMdha kI 16 kathAeM hI baca pAI haiN| dvitIya skaMdha jo bahuta AkhyAyiko aura upapAkhyAyikAoM kA bhaMDAra thA, vaha bhI aba lupta ho cukA hai| digambara sampradAya meM AgamoM ke nAma aura viSaya to vahI milate haiM para unakI pada saMkhyA yA parimANa aura bhI adhika batAyA gayA hai / khaira, jo cIja lupta yA naSTa ho gaI. usake sambandha meM to duHkha hI prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai anya koI cArA nahIM hai| para sabase jyAdA duHkha kI bAta hai ki jo kucha prAcIna jaina prAkRta vAGamaya upalabdha hai usakA bhI paThanapAThana jisa gaharAI se kiyA jAnA apekSita hai, nahIM ho pA rahA hai isake pradhAna do kAraNa haiM--jaina mu zrAvakoM ke liye ve grantha zraddhA ke kendra haiM ataH paramparAgata jisa taraha unakA vAcana evaM zravaNa hotA pAyA hai, karate raha kara hI ve apane kartavya kI itizrI samajha lete haiM aura jainetara vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa ora isalie nahIM jAtA ki unakI yaha dhAraNA bana gaI hai ki ina graMthoM meM jaina dharma kA hI nirupaNa hai, isalie unakA aitihAsika, sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika mahatva vizeSa nahIM hai| para vAstava meM yaha dhAraNA una grathoM ke gambhIra adhyayana ke binA hI banA lI gaI hai| anyathA bauddha sAhitya kI bhAMti ina prAgamadi kA bhI parizIlana honA cAhiye thaa| 1. ina pUrva saMjJaka zrutajJAna para AdhArita kucha anya kaSAya pAhur3Adi 1 milate haiM /
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________________ jaina Agama propapAtika sUtra kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 123 sAhitya, samAja kA pratibimba hai / jisa kAla meM jisa grantha ko racanA hotI hai, usa grantha meM usa samaya ke jIvana kI jhalaka prA hI jAtI hai / prAcIna jaina Agama, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kA saMkalana hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA upadeza apane vihAra kSetra ke adhikAdhika logoM kI janabhASA meM diyA thA / isIliye usakA nAma ardhamAgadhI rakhA gayA / isa prAcIna sAhitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke deza pradeza, grAma, nagara, rAjA, rAnI, mantrI, seTha, vidvAnoM Adi ke aneka aitihAsika prasaMga evaM usa samaya ke loka jIvana ke vAstavika citra prApta hote haiM / sAMskRtika dRSTi se ina granthoM kA adhyayana karane se bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna itihAsa aura saMskRti sambandhI anekoM mahatvapUrNa tathya prakAza meM AveMge / bauddha sAhitya kI apekSA jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana kA mahatva isaliye aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai kyoMki jaina sAhitya kI paramparA 2500 varSoM se avichinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai / prAgamoM para samaya samaya para niyukti, bhASya cUriNa, evaM vistRta TIkAe~ racI jAtI rahI haiM aura unameM una TIkAkAroM ne apane anubhava evaM maukhika zruta paramparA aura anya sAhitya se prApta hue jJAna kA bahuta sundara rUpa se upayoga kiyA hai| niyukti, mASya evaM cUriNa meM jo zrAgama kAla ke bAda kI hai, aneka sAMskRtika prasaMga ullikhita haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha zatAbdI bAda jaina muniyoM ke jIvana meM kitane viSama prasaMga upasthita hue aura usa samaya unhoMne apane pracAra evaM jaina dharma ko kisa taraha surakSita rakhA, isakA bahuta hI vizada varNana cheda sUtra evaM unakI bhASya cUrNi meM milatA hai / AcArya kAlaka aura zakoM ke bhArata zrAgamana kA prasaMga nizItha cUriNa Adi meM likhA milatA haiM jo bhArata ke aitihAsika andhakAra ko miTAne ke liye ujjavala prakAza hai / AgamoM kI TIkAoM ke atirikta maulika grantha bhI barAbara race jAte rahe haiM / una sabake AdhAra se bhArata ke itihAsa aura saMskRti ke mahattvapUrNa tathya nikAle jA sakate haiN| jabaki bauddha sAhitya kI paramparA bhArata meM kucha zatAbdI calakara hI lupta ho gii| unake madhyakAla ke jo thor3e se grantha milate haiM, ve bauddha nyAya ke hone ke kAraNa unase dArzanika uthala-puthala kA hI thor3A patA cala sakatA hai para sAMskRtika sAmagrI adhika nahIM mila sakatI / dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda bhArata meM racA huA bauddha sAhitya prAyaH nahI milatA kyoMki bauddha dharma kA pracAra taba bhArata ke bAhara hone laga gayA thA jabaki jaina dharma bhAratavarSa meM hI sImita rahA; isaliye madhyakAlIna aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika sAmagrI ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya adhika mUlyavAna hai / jaina Agama sAhitya prAkRta bhASA meM hai aura usI bhASA se Age calakara apabhraMza kA vikAsa huA / apabhraMza meM bhI sabase adhika sAhitya nirmANa jaina vidvAnoM ne hI kiyA hai| apabhraMza bhASA se hI uttara bhArata kI samasta prAntIya boliyAM nikalI haiN| isaliye bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI jaina sAhitya kA mahatva sarvAdhika hai / bahuta se zabdoM ke mUla kA patA lagAne meM jaina sAhitya hI sabase adhika sahAyaka ho sakatA hai / jaina AgamoM Adi meM prayukta anekoM zabda prAja bhI prAntIya boliyoM meM jyoM ke tyoM yA sAmAnya parivartana ke sAtha prApta haiM / phira samaya samaya para una zabdoM va vyAkaraNa ke rUpa kisa taraha parivartita hote gaye / isakI bhI pUrI jAnakArI jaina sAhitya se bhalIbhA~ti mila sakatI hai / bahuta se dezI zabda jinakI utpatti saMskRta koSa evaM vyAkaraNa meM ThIka nahIM mila sakatI, unakA prAcIna rUpa va parivartita rUpa bhI jaina sAhitya ke AdhAra se jAnA jA sakatA hai / prAntIya bhASA meM kevala uttara bhArata kI hI nahIM para dakSiNa
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________________ 124 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA bhArata kI kannar3a va tAmila meM bhI jana vidvAnoM ke pracura grantha haiN| gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI meM jaina sAhitya sarvAdhika hai hI, para hindI meM bhI kama nahIM hai / thor3A bahuta marAThI, siMdhI, paMjAbI va baMgalA bhASA meM bhI hai| jaina yati-muni dharma pracArArtha bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI pradezoM meM ghUmate raheM haiM isalie unakI racanAoM meM aneka prAntoM kI bolI va zabdoM kA samAveza milatA hai| loka-bhASAoM kI bhAMti lokagIta evaM kathAnoM Adi ko bhI jaina vidvAnoM ne khUba apnaayaa| Agama sAhitya se lekara niyukti, bhASya cUNi, TIkA evaM kathA tathA praupadezika granthoM evaM prabandhasaMgraha Adi meM saikar3oM lokakathAyeM milatI haiN| isI prakAra vividha kAvya rUpoM evaM zailiyoM ko bhI jisa samaya jo jahAM pracalita rahI hai, prAyaH una sabhI ko jaina vidvAnoM ne apanI racanAoM meM samAviSTa kiyaa| isIliye rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, hindI ke zatAdhika 'racanA prakAra' jaina racanAoM meM dekhane ko milate haiN| jaba sAdhAraNa janatA kA jhakAva loka saMgIta kI ora adhika dekhA to unhoMne prasiddha evaM pracalita loka gItoM kI tarja va zailI meM apanI rAsa, caupAI Adi ko DhAleM banAnI prArambha kii| isase hajAroM lokagItoM ke svara evaM prArambhika paMktiyAM surakSita raha sakI aura pracura lokakathAe jIvita raha skiiN| _ itane prAsaMgika nivedana ke pazcAt meM lekha ke mUla viSaya para AtA hU~ / prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM kitane vipula parimANa meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI surakSita hai isakI ThIka se jAnakArI to una granthoM ke adhyayana se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| yahAM to unake sAMskRtika adhyayana kI preraNA dene ke liye sAmAnya dizAnirdeza hI kiyA jAtA hai| prathama aMga sUtra-AcArAMga meM yadyapi pradhAnatayA jaina muniyoM ke prAcAra kA hI nirUpaNa hai para aMta meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI caryA kA jo nirupaNa hai vaha sAMskRtika dRSTi se bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai| isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke mata matAntaroM--kriyAvAdI prakriyAvAdI Adi 363 pAkhaMr3oM kA ullekha mahatva kA hai / tIsarA cauthA aMgasUtra-sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga saMkhyAkrama se likhA huA padArtha-koSa hai / isameM bhaugolika, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, saMgIta, bahattara kalAeM evaM usa samaya ke rAjAdi, tIrthaGkara, cakravartI, ladeva, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva ke jIvanI ke sUtra tathA vyAkaraNa prAdi viSayoM kA nirupaNa sAhityika, aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke pATha rAjAoM ke nAma usa samaya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahatva ke haiN| pAMcavAM bhagavatI sUtra bhI jJAna vijJAna kA bhaMDAra hai / isameM gozAlaka, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya ke eka bar3e yuddha, usa samaya ke pArzvanAtha saMtAnIya va tApasoM tathA udayana rAjA, bhagavAn mahAvIra, jamAlI Adi aneka aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke nAma va caritra hone ke sAtha sAtha rAjagRha ke garma va ThaMDe pAnI ke kuNDa, paramAraNa-pUdagala zakti prAdi aneka vaijJAnika viSaya bhI praznottara rUpa meM varNita hai| chaThe sUtra-jJAtA dharma kathAeM ugaNIsaveM tIrthakara mallinAtha aura pAMca pANDava patnI-draupadI kA jIvana caritra ullekhanIya hai / vaise isameM bahuta sI dRSTAMta kathAe loka pracalita rahIM hoNgii| para ve haiM bar3I 1--thor3A vivaraNa DA. jagadIzacaMdra jaina ke zodha prabandha meM diyA gayA hai| 2-DA. jagadIzacandra jaina kI 'aDhAI hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyAM' pustaka jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa se prakAzita hai|
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________________ jaina Agama-praupapAtika sUtra kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 125 rocaka evaM upadezaka / ve usa samaya ke lokajIvana kA acchA citra upasthita karatI haiN| sAtaveM upAsaka dazAMgasUtra bhI vividha dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM dI huI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dasa zrAvakoM kI jIvanI se tatkAlIna dharma jijJAsA, jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM, samRddhi, godhana, vividha vyApAra, gozAlaka Adi ke aneka prasaMga, usa samaya ke sAMskRtika citra upasthita karate haiN| isI prakAra antakRtadazAMga va anuttaropAtika sUtroM meM bhI mahAna sAdhakoM kI ujjavala jIvanI hai| unameM se bahuta se vyakti aitihAsika bhI haiN| prazna vyAkaraNa nAmaka dasaveM upalabdha aMga sUtra meM, ahiMsA, satya, aucarya, brahmacarya, aparigraha ina pAMca pAzravoM evaM dayA satya Adi pAMca savara Adi ke aneka paryAyavAcI nAma, hiMsAdi karane ke sAdhana-sAmagrI kA varNana mahatva kA hai zabda koSa aura sAMskRtika dRSTi se yaha grantha bar3e kAma kA hai / gyArahaveM-vipAka sUtra acche aura bure karmoM ke pariNAma batAne vAlI kathAnoM kA saMgraha hai isase tatkAlIna daMDa vyavasthA, loka jIvana prAdi para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| ina gyAraha aMga sUtroM kA thor3A sA sAMskRtika mahatva dikhAte hue aba hameM prathama upAMga-propapAtika sUtra ke sAMskRtika mahatva kA saMkSipta vivaraNa deNge| aupapAtika sUtra kA Adhe se adhika bhAga varNanoM ke saMgraha rUpa meM hai| isaliye sAMskRtika dRSTi se yaha sUtra bahuta hI mUlyavAna hai / isameM nagara, caitya, vanakhaMDa, azokavRkSa, pRthvI zilApaTTa, rAjA rAnI upasthAna va aTTaNazAlA, bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA ziSyavarga, campAnagarI ke mahArAja koNika, unakI rAjasamA kA varNana itanA sajIva haiM ki unako par3hate hI unakA eka citra sA sAmane khar3A ho jAtA hai| usa samaya ke nagara meM kyA 2 vizeSatAyeM hotI thIM? caitya kaise hote the ? rAjA aura rAja sevakoM kA vyavahAra, rAjA kA prabhutva, rAjA ke zArIrika va zAsanika nitya kArya, janatA meM mahApuruSoM ke darzana kI utsukatA unake padhArane para prAnanda kA vAtAvaraNa, dharmopadeza sunakara prasannatA kI anubhUti, rAjA kI savArI, usakI sabhA, tIrthaGkara ke samosaraNa prAdi ke aneka citra sAmane A upasthita hote haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zarIra aura unake guNoM kA, udAharaNa evaM upamA sahita jaisA sundara nirUpaNa isa graMtha meM hai, anyatra nahIM miltaa| unake ziSya samudAya aura tapasvI jIvana kA evaM tatkAlIna parivrAjaka, AjIvika, vAnaprastha tApasa, zramaNa Adi kA vizad varNana bhI ullekhanIya hai| prasaMgavaza cAra prakAra kI kathAyeM, nava vihAI, pATha maMgala, pAMca abhigama, pAMca rAjacinha, bahattara kalA, nava aMga, aThAraha bhASA, cAra prakAra kA AhAra, bAhyAbhyantara tapa bheda, cAra gatiyoM ke cAra cAra kAraNa, araNagAra 'dharma' aura zrAvaka dharma ke 12 bheda, sAta ninhava vividha prakAra ke puSpa alaMkAra, aneka prakAra ke tapasviyoM Adi ke mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa isa sUtra meM milate haiM sAtha hI asurakumAra, bhuvanapati, bANavyantara, jyotiSa, vaimAnika devoM aura siddhazilA, siddha gati, samuddhAta prAdi kA bhI acchA varNana diyA gayA hai| rAjA-rAnI ke vivaraNa meM videzoM kI dAsiyoM kA jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai usase usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM anya kauna kauna se dezoM kI striyoM, rAniyoM va seThAniyoM kI sevA meM rahatI thI, isakI mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI milatI hai / sUtra pATha isa prakAra hai ___ "bahUhiM khujjAhi cilAIhiM, (vAmaNIhiM vaDabhIhiM babbarohiM pauyAsiyAhiM joNiyAhiM) paNhaviyAhi isigiNIyAhiM vAsiiNiyAhiM lAsiyAhiM lausiyAhiM siMhalIhiM damilIhiM prArabIhiM puladIhiM pakkaNIhiM bahalIhiM muruDIhiM sabariyAhiM pArasIhiM NANAdesI videsa parimaMDiyAhiM igiya citiya patthiya vijANiyAhiM"
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________________ zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ina dezoM sambandhI anya ullekhoM ke lie dekheM merA " jaina sAhitya kA bhaugolika mahatva" nAmaka lekha jo premI abhinandana graMtha meM prakAzita hai / 126 bAlakoM ke janma samaya ke saMskAra evaM unakI zikSA dIkSA kA vivaraNa dRr3ha pratijJa ke jIvana prasaMga meM isa prakAra diyA hai / kalpasUtra tathA anya grAgamoM meM bhI aise hI varNana milate haiM jisase tatkAlIna saMskRti kI jAnakArI milatI hai "tae NaM tassa dAragassa sammApiyaro paDhame divase ThiyavaDiya kAhiti biiya divase caMda sUra daMsariyaM kAhiti chaTThe divase jAgariyaM kAhiti ekkArasame divase vIikkate Nivitta suijAyakammakaraNe saMpatta e / bArasAhe divase sammApiyaro iyaM eyArUvaM goraNaM guraNaNiSphaNNaM NAmadhejjaM kAhiti -- "jamhANaM amhaM imaMsi dAragaMsi gabbhatyaMsi ceva samAraNaMsi dhamme daDhapaiNNA taM houraNaM mhaM dArae daDhapaNe NAmeNaM" taeNa tasya dAragassa sammApiyaro gAma dhejjaM karehiMti daDhapaiti / taM daDhapaiNNaM dAragaM prammApiyaro sAiregaThavAsa jAyagaM jANittA sobhAMsi tihikaraNa (divasa) kkhatta muhuttaMsi kalAyariyassa uvarohiti / tae gaM se kalArie taM daDhapaiNNaM dAragaM lehAiyAmro gariNayappahAraNAo sauNakhya pajjavasANAzro bAvata rikalA sutto ya pratthazro ya karaNo ya sehAvihii sikkhA vihipti (72 kalA nAma) taM jahA- lehaM gaNiyaM rUvaM NaTTa gIyaM, vAiyaM, saragayaM pukkharagayaM samatAlaM jUyaM jagavAyaM pAsagaM zraThThAvayaM porekaccaM dagamaTTiyaM vihiM (pANavihi vatthavihiM vilevaNavihi ) sayaNavihi prajjaM paheliyaM mAgahiyaM gAhaM gIiya siloyaM hiraNNajuti ( suvaNajuti gaMdhajutti cuNNajuti zrAbharaNa vihi taruNIpar3ikammaM itthilakkhaNaM purisa lakkhaNaM halakkhaNaM gayalakkhaNaM gogalakkhaNaM kukkuDalakkhaNaM cakkalakvaNaM chattalakkhaNaM cammalakkhaNaM daDalakkhaNaM asilakkharaNaM maNilakkhaNaM kAkaNilakkhaNaM vatyuvijjaM khaMdhAramANaM nagaramANaM vatthunivesaNaM ( vUhaM paDivUhaM cAraM paDivAraM cakkavUhaM garUlavUhaM sagaDavUhaM juddhaM nijuddhaM juddhAijuddhaM muTThijuddhaM bAhuju layAjuddhaM isatthaM charUppavAhaM dharaNudhveyaM hiraNNapAgaM suvaNapAgaMDDa ( ) vaTTakheDDa sutakheDDaM nAliyAkheDDa pattacchejjaM kaDavacchejjaM sajjIvaM nijjIvaM sauNarUyamiti bAvattarikalAo sehA vistA sikkhAvettA ammA pA~ uvahiti / ) taNaM tasma daDhapa iNNassa dAragassa zrammApiyaro taM kalAyagyiM viuleNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM vatthagaMdha mallAlakAreNa ya sakkArehiti sammAhiti sakkArettA sammaNittA viula jIviyArihaM pIidANaM dalaittA paDivisajjehiti / tae gaM se daDhapaiNNe dArae vAvattarikalA paMDie navaMgasuttapaDibohie aTTArasadesI bhAsA visArae gIra gaMdhavvaM kusale, hayajohI gayajohI rahajohI bAhujohI bAhuppamaddI viyAlacArI sAhasie pralaMbhoga samatthe yAvi bhavissaI / " gaMgAkUla ke vAnaprastha tApasoM kA acchA vivaraNa dete huye sanniveza ke parivrAjaka ke sambandha meM likhA gayA hai ki ATha brAhmaNa parivrAjaka aura prATha kSatriya parivrAjaka huye aura unhoMne veda prAdi brAhmaNa zAstroM ko par3hA- yaha vivaraNa bhI mahatva kA hone se nIce diyA jA rahA hai| isase parivrAjakoM ke prakAra unake nAma, evaM brAhmaNa zAstroM kA acchA paricaya milatA hai /
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________________ jaina Agama - aupapAtika sUtra kA sAMskRtika adhyayana 127 " se je ime jAva sannivesesu parivvAyA bhavaMti taM jahA IkhA jogI kAvilA bhiubvA haMsA paramahaMsA bahuudagA kuDibvayA kaNhaparivvAyayA / tattha khalu ime bhraTTa mAhaNa parivvAyayA bhavaMti / taMjahA -- brAhmaNaparivrAjaka kSatriya parivrAjaka kapaNe 1 ya karakaNTe ya aMbaDe 3 ya parAsare 4 1 kaNhe * dIvAyaNe caiva devagupte ya nArae // 1 // tattha khalu ime bhraTTha khattiya-pari-vAyayA bhavaMti taM jahA -- sIlAI' sasihAre (ya) naggaI bhaggaI 4 ti ya / videhe rAyA rAyArAme7 bale" ti ya // te gaM parivvAyayA riuveda yajucveda sAmaveya ahavvaraNaveya itihAsapaMcamANaM NighaNTu chaTTAgaM saMgovaM gANaM, sarahassAraNaM caunhaM beyAraNaM sAragA pAraMgA dhAragA vAragA saugavI saThThitaMta visArayA, saMkhANe sikkhAkappe vAgaraNa chaMde nirUtte, joisAmayaNe asu ya ( vasu ) baMbha esu ya satthesu suparigiTTiyA yAvi hotyA / parivrAjakoM ko kyA kyA nahIM karanA cAhiye isakA vivaraNa dete hue 4 kathAoM va dhAtu pAtroM evaM AbhUSaNoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai "tesi parivvAyANaM kho kUppai - itthikahA ivA bhakta kahAivA dekha kahAivA, rAya kahAivA, corakahAi vA jaraNavayakahAivA, praNatthadaMDa karittae / "tesi NaM parivvAyagANaM raNo kappai zrayapAyANi vA sIsaga pAyANi vA rUppapAyAriNavA suvaNapAyANi vA aNNayarANi vA bahumullANi dhAritae, eNattha lAupAe vA dArUpAeNa vA maTThiyApAega vA / tekhi gaM parivvAyagANaM No kappara aya baMdhaNANi vA tau apabaMdhaNANi vA tava baMdhaNANi vA jAva bahumullANi dhAritae / tesi gaM parivvAyagANaM No kappai NANavihavaNNarAgarattAI' vatthAI dhAritae ttha egae dhAurattAe / tesi gaM paribvAyagANaM No kappai hAraM vA addhahAraM vA egAvali vA muttAvali vA kaNagAvali vA rayaNAvali vA muravi vA kaMThamuravi vA pAlaMbaM vA tisarayaM vA kaDisutta vA dasamuddhi prANatagaM vA kaDayANi vA agayANi vA keUrANi vA kuMDalAgi vA mauDaM vA cUlAmariMga vA piNaddhittae .....1, aMta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jo varNana isa sUtra meM diyA gayA hai upase uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| isase bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vizeSatAoM kI sAMskRtika jhalaka bahuta acche rUpa meM mila jAtI hai / " rahA jiNe kevalI satta hatthussehe samacauraMsa saMThAraNa saMThie vajja risahanArAyasaMghayaNe zrarapulomavAvege kaMkaragahaNI kavoyapariNAme sauni papi tarorUpariNae paumuppalagadhasarisa nissAsa surabhivayaNe chavI nirAyaMka uttamapasattha praiseyanirUvamapale jalamala kalaMka seyarayadosavijjayasarIra nirUvaleve chAyA ujjoiyaMgabhaMge dharaNamiciyasubaddhala kkharaguNNaya kUr3AgAra nibhapiMDiyaggasirae sAmaliboDavaNa niciyacchor3iyamiu visayapasatya muhumalakkhaNa sugaMdhasundara bhuyamoyaga bhiganelakajjala paTTi bhamara garagaNiddha nikurUbaniciyakuciya payAhiNA vattamuddhasirae dAlima puSkappagA satavaNijjasarisa nimmalasuddhi ke saMtake sabhUmI dharaNa ( niciya )
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________________ 128 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ( ) chattAgArUttamaMgadese riNavvaNa samalaTTha maTTacadaddha samariNaDAle uDuvai paDipuNNa somavayaNe allINa pamANajuttAsavaNe sussavaNe pINamaMsala kavoladesa bhAe prANAmiya cAvarUila kiNha bbharAitagukasiNaNiNeddhabhamuhe avadAliyapuDarIyaNa yaNe koyAsiya dhavalapatta lacche garUlAyataujju gaNAse uvaciya silappa vAlabibaphalasaNNi bhAharo? paMDura sasisayala vimala riNammala saMkha gokvIrapheNakudadagarayamuNAliyA ghavala daMta ser3hI akhaMDa date apphuDiyadaMte aviraladate suriNaddhadaMte sujAyadaMte egadaMtaser3hI vida praNega daMte huyavahariNaddhatadhoyatatta vaNija ratatalatAlujI hai adviya sRvibhattacittamaMsU maMsala saMThiya pasatthasadUla viulahaNue cauraMgulasuppamAraNa kaMbuvara sarisaggIve vara mahisa varAhasoha sarla usama nAgavara paMDipuNaviulakkhaMghe jugasannibhapINa raiyapIvara pauchasusaMThiya susilidvi visaThTha ghaNa thira subaddha saMdhipura gharaphalihavaTTiyabhue bhuyaIsaraviula bhoga prAyANa palie ucchUDha dIhabAhU rattatalo vaiyamauyamaMsalasujAyalakkhaNapasattha acchiddajAlapAlI pIvarakomalavaraMgulI Arya bata bata liNa sui rUi laNiddhaNakkhe caMda pANi lehe sUrapANilehe saMkha pANilehe cakkapANIlehe disAsotthiya pANilehe caMdasUra saMkhacakka risA sotyiya pANilehe kaNagasilAyalujjalapasattha samatalauvaciyavicchiNNa pihula vacche sirivacchaM kkiyavacche akaraMDuyakaNagarUyayanimmala sujAyanirUvayadehadhArI aTTha sahassa paDipuNNavarapurisalakkhaNadhare saNNayapAse saMgayapAse sundarapAse sujAyapAse miyamAiya pINaraiyapAse ujjuya samasahiya jaccataNukasiNariNaddha prAijjala DaharamaNiujjaromarAI jhasavihaga sujAyapINa kucchI jhasoyare suikaraNe paumaviyaDaNAbhe gaMgAvattagayAhiNAvattataraMga bhaMgura ravi kiraNa tarUNabohiyaprakosAyaMtapaumagaMbhIra viyaDaNA bhe sAhyasoNaMdamusaladApaNaNikariyavarakaraNa gaccharUsarisavara vairavaliyamajhe pamuyaivaraturagasIhavaravaTTiyakaDIvaraturagasujAyasugujjha dese prAiNNaM hauvva Nikhavaleve varavAraNatunlavikkamavilasaiyagaI gayasasaNasujAyasannibhorU samugga NimaggagUr3ha jANU eNIkurUviMdAvatta vadvAraNuputvajaMghe saMThiya susiliTTha visiTThagUDhagupphe suppaiThThiyakumbhacArUcalaNe aNupuva susaMhayaMgulIe uNNayataragutaMvariNaddhaNakkhe rattuplayapattamauya sukumAla komalatale aThThasahassavara purisalakkhaNadhare naga nagaramagara sAgara cakkaMkavaMragamaMgalaMkiyacalaNe visiThTharuve huyavahaniddha jaliyataDitaDiyatarUNara vikiraNasarisatee / ............" dUsare upAMga 'rAjapraznIya' meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI bahuta acchI hai usameM sUryAbhideva ke 32 prakAra ke nATaka aura devaloka ke varNana meM vahAM kI ratnamaya pustaka kA vivaraNa, tathA anya aneka varNana va vivaraNa bar3e mahatva ke haiN| jIvabhigama' aura "prajJApanA" sUtra yadyapi saiddhAntika viSaya ke haiM para unameM bhI aneka prakAra ke pazu, pakSI, vRkSa, bhASA, Adi jIva aura jar3a padArthoM kA vivaraNa mahatva kA hai| "jambUdIpa prajJapti" meM prAcIna bhUgola aura jyotiSa kI jAnakArI mahatva kI hai aura RSabhadeva kA caritra, bhArata kI chaH khaNDa sAdhanA kA varNana bar3A upayogI hai| 'candraprajJapti 'sUrya prajJapti' se prAcIna jyotiSa kI mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI milatI hai / 'nirayAvalI' Adi paMcopAMga meM mahArAjA koNika aura cer3A ke yuddha kA varNana usa samaya ke yuddha kA sajIva citra upasthita karatA hai| cha: cheda sUtra mUni jIvana meM kaisI viSamatA AI aura usakA parihAra kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai, eka taraha se muniyoM kA daNDa vidhAna ye zAstra hai / unakI bhASA cUNiyoM meM pracura sAMskRtika sAmagrI hai| naMdI aura anuyogadvAra to sAMskRtika dRSTi se bahuta mahatva ke haiM jina para kabhI svatantra rUpa se prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| kalpasUtra ke svapna Adi ke vivaraNa bhI bahuta sundara haiN| 'uttarAdhyayana' bhI bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai jima meM neminAtha tathA gautama aura kezI samvAda prAdi adhyayana bahuta hI mahatva ke haiN| samagra jainAgama aura prAkRta sAhitya ke avalokana se bhAratIya saskati ko ThIka se samajhane meM bahuta madada milatI hai|