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________________ -.-.-. -. -.-.-.-.-.-. -.-.-.-.-.-. -.-. -. -. -. -. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. . ..... jaina AcAra darzana : eka mUlyAMkana 0 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina [darzana vibhAga, hamIdiyA mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla (ma.pra.)] kisI bhI AcAra darzana kA mAnava-jIvana ke sandarbha meM kyA mUlya ho sakatA hai yaha isa bAta para nirbhara hai ki vaha mAnava-jIvana evaM mAnava-samAja kI samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane meM kahA~ taka samartha hai aura mAnava-jIvana evaM mAnava-samAja ko usakA kyA sakriya yogadAna hai| jaina AcAra darzana kA mUlyAMkana karane ke lie hameM isa bAta para vicAra karanA hogA ki yaha vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika vikAsa tathA vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie kauna se sUtra prastuta karatA hai aura ve sutra samasyAoM ke samAdhAna evaM mAnavIya jIvana kI pragati karane meM kitane sakSama haiN| sAtha hI yaha vicAra bhI Avazyaka hai ki usakA vaiyaktika evaM samAjika jIvana para kyA prabhAva rahA hai aura usane yuga kI sAmAjika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| sarvaprathama hama jaina darzana kA mUlyAMkana karane ke lie isa sambandha meM vicAra kareMge ki jaina darzana ne vizeSakara mahAvIra ke yuga kI tatkAlIna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai aura usa yuga ke sandarbha meM usakA kyA mUlya ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ke yuga kI AcAra darzana sambandhI samasyAe~ aura jaina dRSTikoNa (a) naitikatA kI vibhinna dhAraNAoM kA samanvaya : mahAvIra ke yuga ke AcAra darzana kI sabase pramukha samasyA yaha thI ki usa yuga meM AcAra darzana sambandhI mAnyatAe~ ekAMgI dRSTikoNa ko hI pUrNa satya samajhakara paraspara eka dUsare ke virodha meM khar3I huI thoM / mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama inheM samanvaya sUtra meM bA~dhane kA prayAsa kiyA / usa yuga meM AcAra darzana sambandhI cAra dRSTikoNa cAra vibhinna tAttvika AdhAroM para khar3e hue the| kriyAvAdI dRSTikoNa AcAra ke bAhya pakSoM para adhika bala detA thA / vaha karmakANDaparaka thA aura AcAra ke bAhya niyamoM ko hI naitikatA kA sarvasva mAnatA thA / bauddha paramparA meM naitikatA kI isa dhAraNA ko zIlavrataparAmarza kahA gayA hai| kriyAvAda ke viparIta dUsarA dRSTikoNa akriyAvAda kA thA / akriyAvAda ke tAttvika AdhAra para khar3e hue vibhinna niyativAdI dRSTikoNa AtmA ko kUTastha evaM akartA mAnate the| jahA~ kriyAvAda ke anusAra karma yA AcaraNa hI naitika jIvana kA sarvasva thA vahA~ akriyAvAda ke anusAra jJAna hI naitikatA kA sarvasva mAnA gayA thaa| kriyAvAda karmamArga kA pratipAdaka thA aura akriyAvAda jJAnamArga kA pratipAdaka thaa| karmamArga aura jJAnamArga ke atirikta tIsarI paramparA ajJAnavAdiyoM kI thI jo atIndriya evaM pAralaukika mAnyatAoM aura una para AdhArita naitika pratyayoM ko 'ajJeya' svIkAra karatI thii| isakA naitika darzana rahasyavAda aura sandehavAda ina do rUpoM meM vibhAjita thaa| ina tInoM paramparAoM ke atirikta cauthI paramparA vinayavAda kI thI jise naitika jIvana ke sandarbha meM bhaktimArga kA pratipAdaka mAnA jAtA thaa| vinayavAda bhaktimArga kA hI aparanAma thA / isa prakAra usa yuga meM jJAnamArga, karmamArga, bhaktimArga aura ajJeyamArga evaM sandehavAda ko paramparAeM alaga-alaga rUpa meM pratiSThita thiiN| mahAvIra ne apane anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para inameM eka samanvaya khojane kA prayAsa kiyaa| sarvaprathama unhoMne samyakjJAna, samyakadarzana aura samyaka
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________________ Ne 138 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha caturtha cAritra ke rUpa meM AcAra darzana kA eka aisA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA jisameM paramparAoM kA samucita samanvaya thA / isa prakAra mahAvIra evaM jainadarzana kA prathama vibhinna ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita karanA thA / yadyapi yahA~ hameM paramparA sandehavAda ko kisI bhI artha meM svIkRta nahIM karatI hai / : (ba) naitikatA ke bahirmukhI evaM antarmukhI dRSTikoNoM kA samanvaya jaina darzana ne na kevala brAhmaNavAda dvArA pratipAdita yajJa yAga kI paramparA kA virodha kiyA varan zramaNa paramparA ke deha khaNDana kI tapasyAtmaka praNAlI kA bhI virodha kiyaa| sambhavataH mahAvIra ke pUrva taka naitikatA kA sambandha vAhya tathyoM se hI jor3A gayA thA, yahI kAraNa thA ki jahA~ brAhmaNa varga yajJa-yAga ke kriyA-kANDoM meM naitikatA kI itizrI mAna letA thA, vahA~ zramaNa varga bhI vividha prakAra ke deha khaNDana meM hI naitikatA kI itizrI mAna letA thaa| sambhavata: jaina paramparA ke mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa kucha zramaNa paramparAoM ne isa Antarika pahalU para adhika bala denA prArambha kara diyA thA lekina mahAvIra ke yuga taka naitikatA evaM sadhanA kA muvI dRSTikoNa pUrI taraha samApta nahIM ho pAyA thA varan brAhmaNa paramparA meM to pata zrAddhAdi ke rUpa meM vaha adhika prasAra pA gayA thaa| dUsarI ora jina vicArakoM ne naitikatA ke Antarika pakSa para bala denA prArambha kiyA thA, unhoMne bAhya pakSa kI pUrI taraha avahelanA karanA prArambha kara diyA thA, pariNAmasvarUpa ve bhI eka dUsarI ati kI ora jAkara ekAMgI vana gaye the / ataH mahAvIra ne donoM hI pakSoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA aura yaha batAyA ki naitikatA kA sambandha sampUrNa jIvana se hai, usameM AcaraNa ke bAhya pakSa ke rUpa meM kriyA kA jo sthAna hai usase bhI adhika sthAna AcaraNa ke Antarika preraka kA hai| isa prakAra unhoMne naitika jIvana meM AcaraNa ke preraka aura AcaraNa ke pariNAma donoM para hI bala diyA / mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA kA udghoSa jJAnavAdI, karmavAdI aura bhaktimArgI prayAsa AcAra darzana ke sambandha meM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina usa yuga kI sAmAjika samasyAoM meM varNa vyavasthA eka mahattvapUrNa samasyA thii| varNa kA AdhAra, karma aura svabhAva ko chor3akara, janma mAna liyA gayA thA, pariNAmasvarUpa varNa vyavasthA vikRta ho gaI thI aura usake AdhAra para U~ca-nIca ke bhedabhAva khar3e ho gaye the jisake kAraNa sAmAjika svAsthya viSamatA ke jvara se AkrAnta thA / jaina vicAraNA ne janmanA jAtivAda kA virodha kiyA aura mAnavoM kI samAnatA kA udghoSa kiyaa| eka ora usane harakezabala jaise nimna kulotpanna ko to dUsarI ora gautama jaise brAhmaNa kulotpanna sAdhakoM ko apane sAdhanA mArga meM samAna rUpa se dIkSita kiyaa| na kevala jAtigata vibheda varan Arthika vibheda bhI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se usake sAmane koI mUlya nahIM rakhatA hai / jahA~ eka ora magadha samrATa zreNika to dUsarI ora puNiyA jaise nirdhana zrAvaka usakI dRSTi meM samAna the| isa prakAra usane jAtigata AdhAra para U~ca-nIca kA bheda asvIkAra kara mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA kA udghoSa kiyaa| IzvaravAda se mukti aura mAnavIya svatantratA meM niSThA usa yuga kI dUsarI samasyA yaha thI ki mAnavIya svatantratA kA mUlya logoM kI dRSTi meM kama A~kA jAne lagA thaa| eka ora IzvaravAdI dhAraNAe~ to dUsarI ora kAlavAdI evaM anya niyativAdI dhAraNAe~ mAnavIya svatantratA ko asvIkAra karane lagI thii| jaina AcAra darzana ne isa kaThinAI ko samajhA aura mAnava kI svatantratA kI punaH prANapratiSThA kI usane yaha udghoSa kiyA ki na to Izvara aura na anya zakti hI mAnava kI nirdhAraka hai, varan manuSya svayaM hI apanA nirmAtA hai / isa prakAra usane manuSya ko IzvaravAda kI usa dhAraNA se mukti dilAI jo mAnavIya svatantratA kA apaharaNa kara rahI thI vastutaH mAnavIya svatantratA meM niSThA hI naitika darzana kA saccA AdhAra bana sakatI hai| 1 .
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________________ jaina AcAra darzana : eka mUlyAMkana 135 .-. -.-.-. -.-. -.-.-.-.-....... ....... .. .... ........ .. ...... .. ..... ....... paramparAgata rUr3hivAda se mukti jaina A cAra darzana ne paramparAgata rUr3hivAda se bhI mAnava-jAti ko mukta kiyA thaa| usane usa yuga kI aneka rUr3hiyoM jaise pazu-yajJa, zrAddha, purohitavAda Adi se mAnava-samAja ko mukta karane kA prayAsa kiyA thA aura isalie usane ina sabakA khulA virodha bhI kiyA / brAhmaNa varga ne apane ko Izvara kA pratinidhi vatAkara sAmAjika zoSaNa kA jo kucakra prArambha kiyA thA use samApta karane ke lie jainadharma evaM bauddha paramparAoM ne khulA vidroha kiyA aura mAnava jAti ko rUr3hivAda ke paMka se ubArane kA prayAsa kiyaa| yadyapi hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina paramparA ne isakA jo virodha kiyA vaha pUrNatayA ahiMsaka thaa| jaina aura bauddha AcAryoM ne apane isa virodha meM jo sabase mahattvapUrNa kAma kiyA, vaha yaha thA ki aneka pratyayoM kI naI paribhASAe~ kI giiN| nIce hama jaina darzana ke dvArA prastuta brAhmaNa, yajJa Adi kI kucha naI paribhASAe~ prastuta karane kA prayAsa kreNge| brAhmaNa kA nayA artha jaina paramparA ne sadAcaraNa ko hI mAnavIya jIvana meM uccatA aura nimnatA ko pratimAna mAnA / usane yaha batAyA ki brAhmaNa kI zreSThatA hameM svIkAra hai, lekina usake lie brAhmaNa kI eka naI paribhASA prastuta kI jisameM sadAcaraNa ko hI brAhmaNatva kA AdhAra btaayaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke paccIsaveM adhyayana evaM dhammapada ke brAhmaNa varga nAmaka adhyAya meM saccA brAhmaNa kauna hai isakA savistAra vivecana upalabdha hai| vistAra bhaya se hama usakI samagra carcA meM nahIM jAte hue kevala eka do padyoM ko prastuta kara hI virAma leNge| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo jala meM utpanna hue kamala ke samAna bhogoM ke upalabdha hote hue bhI bhogoM meM lipta nahIM rahatA, vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai / jo rAga, dveSa aura bhaya se mukta hokara antar meM vizuddha hai, vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai|' dhammapada meM buddha kA kathana bhI aisA hI hai| ve kahate haiM ki jaise kamalapatra para pAnI hotA hai, jaise Are kI noka para sarasoM kA dAnA hotA hai-vaise hI jo kAmoM meM lipta nahIM hotA, jisane apane duHkhoM ke kSaya ko yahIM para dekha liyA hai, jisane (janmamaraNa ke) bhAra ko utAra diyA hai, jo sarvathA anAsakta hai, jo medhAvI hai, sthitaprajJa hai, jo sanmArga tathA kumArga ko jAnane meM kuzala hai aura jo nirvANa kI uttama sthiti ko pahu~ca cukA hai-use hI maiM brAhmaNa kahatA hU~ / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcAra darzana evaM bauddha paramparA donoM ne hI brAhmaNatva kI zreSThatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI brAhmaNa kI eka naI paribhASA prastuta kI jo ki zramaNika paramparA ke anukUla thii| na kevala jaina paramparA evaM bauddha paramparA meM varan mahAbhArata meM bhI brAhmaNatva kI yahI paribhASA prastuta kI gii| jaina paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra, bauddha paramparA ke dhammapada aura mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM sacce brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kA jo vivaraNa hameM milatA hai vaha na kevala vaicArika sAmya rakhatA hai varan usameM zAbdika sAmya bhI bahuta adhika hai jo ki tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| yajJa kA nayA artha jisa prakAra ina AcAra darzanoM meM brAhmaNatva kI naI paribhASA prastuta kI gaI usI prakAra yajJa ko bhI eka naye artha meM paribhASita kiyA gyaa| mahAvIra ne na kevala hiMsaka yajJoM ke virodha meM apane mantavyoM ko prastuta kiyA varana unhoMne yajJa kI AdhyAtmika evaM tapasyAparaka naI paribhASA bhI prastuta kI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM yajJa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA savistAra vivecana upalabdha hai, jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki tapa agni hai, jIvAtmA agnikuNDa hai, mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyA~ kalchI (cammaca) haiM aura karmoM (pApoM) kA naSTa karanA hI Ahuti hai, yahI 0 1. 2. uttarA0 25 / 27, 21. dhammapada 401 / 403.
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________________ 140 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajo surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa .... .... .... .. .. .. -.-. -. yajJa saMyama se yukta hone se zAntidAyaka aura sukhakAraka hai| RSiyoM ne aise hI yajJa kI prazaMsA kI hai|' na kevala jaina paramparA meM varan bauddha aura vaidika paramparAoM meM bhI yajJa-yAga kI bAhya paramparA kA khaNDana aura usake AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA cintana upalabdha hai| buddha ne bhI AdhyAtmika yajJa ke svarUpa kA citraNa lagabhaga usI rUpa meM kiyA hai, jisa rUpa meM usakA vivecana uttarAdhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM yaha ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA citraNa karate hue buddha kahate haiM ki "he brAhmaNa, ye tIna agniyA~ tyAga karane, parivarjana karane ke yogya haiM, inakA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| ve kauna-sI haiM ? kAmAgni, TrevAgni aura mohAgni / jo manuSya kAmAbhibhUta hotA hai vaha kAyA-vAcA-manasA kukarma karatA hai aura usase maraNottara durgati pAtA hai| isI prakAra dveSa evaM moha se abhibhUta bhI kAyA-vAcA-manasA kukarma karake durgati ko pAtA hai| isalie ye tIna agniyA~ tyAga karane aura parivarjana ke lie yogya haiM, unakA sevana nahIM karanA cAhie / " "he brAhmaNa ina tIna agniyoM kA satkAra kareM, inheM sammAna pradAna kareM, inakI pUjA aura paricaryA bhalI bhA~ti, sukha se kreN| ye agniyA~ kauna sI haiM ? AhvanIyAgni (Ahuneyayaggi), gArhapatyAgni (gahapataggi) aura dakSiNAgni (dkkhinnyyggi)| mA~-bApa ko AhvanIyAgni samajhanA cAhie aura bar3e satkAra se unakI pUjA karanI caahie| patnI aura bacce, dAsa tathA karmakAra ko gArhapatyAgni samajhane cAhie aura AdarapUrvaka unakI pUjA karanI caahie| he brAhmaNa ! yaha lakar3iyoM kI agni to kabhI jalAnI par3atI hai, kabhI usakI upekSA karanI par3atI hai aura kabhI use bujhAnI par3atI hai| isa prakAra buddha ne bhI hiMsaka yajJoM ke sthAna para yajJa ke AdhyAtmika evaM sAmAjika svarUpa ko prakaTa kiyaa| mAtra itanA hI nahIM unhoMne sacce yajJa kA artha sAmAjika jIvana se bekArI kA nAza karanA batAyA / na kevala jaina evaM bauddha paramparA meM varan gItA meM yajJa-yAga kI nindA kI gaI aura yajJa ke sambandha meM usane bhI sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vivecanA kii| sAmAjika sandarbha meM gItA meM yajJa kA artha samAja-sevA mAnA gayA hai| niSkAmabhAva se samAja-sevA karanA yaha gItA meM yajJa kA sAmAjika pahalU thaa| dUsarI ora gItA meM yajJa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai| gItAkAra kahatA hai-ki yogIjana saMyama rUpa agni meM zrotAdi indriyoM kA havana karate haiM yA indriyoM ke viSayoM kA indriyoM meM havana karate haiN| dUsare kucha sAdhaka indriyoM ke sampUrNa karmoM ko aura zarIra ke bhItara rahane vAlA vAyu jo prANa kahalAtA hai, usake saMkucita hone 'phailane' Adi karmoM ko, jJAna se prakAzita huI AtmasaMyama rUpa yogAgni meM havana karate haiM / AtmaviSayaka saMyama kA nAma AtmasaMyama hai, vahI yahA~ yogAgni hai| ghRtAdi se prajvalita huI anni kI bhAMti viveka vijJAna se ujjvalatA ko prApta huI (dhAraNA-dhyAna-samAdhirUpa) usa Atma-saMyama-yogAgni meM (ve prANa aura indriyoM ke karmoM ko) vilIna kara dete haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcAra darzana meM yajJa ke jita AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA usakA anumodana bauddha paramparA aura gItA meM bhI upalabdha hai| tatkAlIna anya naitikatA sambandhI vicAroM ke prati nayA dRSTikoNa jaina dicArakoM ne anya dUsare naitikatA sambandhI vicAroM ko bhI naI dRSTi pradAna kI bAhya zauca yA snAna ko, jo ki usa samaya karmakANDa aura naitika jIvana kA eka mukhya rUpa mAna liyA gayA thA, eka nayA AdhyAtmika svarUpa pradAna kiyA / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki dharma jalAzaya hai aura brahmacarya ghATa (tIrtha) hai usameM snAna karane se AtmA zAnta nirmala aura zuddha ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra bauddha darzana meM bhI sacce snAna kA artha 3. uttarA0 12144. aMguttaranikAya-suttanipAta-uddhRta bhagavAn buddha, pR0 26. dekhie-bhagavAn buddha 236-236. gItA, 4 / 33, 25-28. uttarA0 12146 /
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________________ jaina AcAra darzana : eka mUlyAMkana 141 mana, vANI aura karma se sadguNoM kA sampAdana mAnA gayA hai| na kevala jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM varan vaidika paramparA meM bhI yaha vicAra prabala ho gayA thA ki saccI zuddhi AtmA meM sadguNoM ke vikAsa meM nihita hai| isI prakAra brAhmaNoM ko dI jAne vAlI dakSiNA ke prati bhI eka naI dRSTi pradAna kI gaI aura yaha batAyA gayA ki dAna kI apekSA saMyama hI zreSTha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo pratimAha sahasroM kA dAna karane kI apekSA jo bAhya rUpa se dAna nahIM karatA varan saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai, usa vyakti kA saMyama hI adhika zreSTha hai|' isI prakAra dhammapada meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki eka tarapha manuSya yadi sau varSoM taka hajAroM ko dakSiNA dekara pratimAsa yajJa karatA jAe aura dUsarI tarapha yadi vaha puNyAtmA kI kSaNa bhara bhI sevA kare, to yaha sevA kahIM uttama hai, na ki sau varSoM taka kiyA huA yjny| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM bauddha AcAra darzanoM ne tatkAlIna naitika mAnyatAoM ko eka naI dRSTi aura AdhyAtmika svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| sAtha hI naitikatA ke sambandha meM jo bahirmukhI dRSTikoNa thA use AdhyAtmika saMsparza dekara antarmukhI bnaayaa| ina AcAra darzanoM ne usa yuga ke naitika cintana meM eka krAntikArI parivartana upasthita kiyA / lekina mAtra itanA hI nahIM ki unhoMne apane yuga kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA thA varan ina AcAra darzanoM meM vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI zakti bhI hai| ata: yaha vicAra apekSita hai ki yugIna paristhitiyoM meM samAlocya AcAra darzanoM kA aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina darzana kA kyA sthAna ho sakatA hai, isa para vicAra kara liyA jAya / yugIna paristhitiyoM meM jaina AcAra darzana kA mUlyAMkana jaina AcAra darzana ne na kevala apane yuga kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai varan vaha vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM bhI pUrNatayA sakSama hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki cAhe vaha prAcIna yuga ho yA vartamAna yuga, mAnava-jIvana kI samasyAe~ sabhI yugoM meM lagabhaga samAna rahI haiN| mAnava-jIvana kI samagra samasyAe~ viSamatAjanita hI haiM / vastutaH viSamatA hI samasyA hai aura samatA hI samAdhAna hai| ye viSamatAe~ nimna haiM--1. sAmAjika baiSamya, 2. Arthika auSaya, 3. vaicArika vaiSamya, 4. mAnasika vaiSamya / aba hameM vicAra yaha karanA hai ki kyA jaina AcAra darzana ina viSamatAoM kA nirAkaraNa kara samatva kA saMsthApana karane meM samartha hai ? nIce hama pratyeka prakAra kI viSamatAoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa aura jaina darzana dvArA prastuta unake samAdhAnoM para vicAra kreNge| 1. sAmAjika viSamatA cetana jagat ke anya prANiyoM ke sAtha jIvana jInA hotA hai / yaha sAmudAyika jIvana hai / sAmudAyika jIvana kA AdhAra sambandha hai aura naitikatA una sambandhoM kI zuddhi kA vijJAna hai| pArasparika sambandha nimna prakAra ke haiM(1) vyakti aura parivAra, (2) vyakti aura jAti, (3) vyakti aura samAja, (4) vyakti aura rASTra, aura (5) vyakti aura vizva / ina sambandhoM kI viSamatA ke mUla meM vyakti kI rAga-bhAvanA hI kAma karatI hai| sAmAnyatayA rAga dveSa kA sahagAmI hotA hai| jaba taka sambandha rAga dveSa ke AdhAra para khar3A hotA hai taba taka ina sambandhoM meM viSamatA svAbhAvika rUpa se upasthita rahatI hai| jaba rAga kA tattva dvaSa kA sahagAmI hokara kAma karane lagatA hai to pArasparika sambandhoM meM saMgharSa aura TakarAhaTa prArambha ho jAtI hai| rAga ke kAraNa merA yA mamatva kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| mere sambandhI, merI jAti, merA dharma, merA rASTra ye vicAra vikasita hote haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa bhAI-bhatIjAvAda, jAtivAda, sAmpradAyikatA aura rASTravAda kA janma hotA hai| Aja ke hamAre sumadhara sAmAjika sambandhoM meM ye hI tattva sabase adhika bAdhaka haiM / ye manuSya ko pArivArika, jAtIya, sAmpradAyika aura rASTrIya kSudra svArthoM se Upara uThane nahIM dete haiM / yahI - 1. uttarA0 6 / 40. dhammapada 106.
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________________ 142 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa ........................................................-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Aja kI sAmajika viSamatA ke mUla kAraNa haiM / anaitikatA kA mUla 'sva' kI saMkucita sImA hai, vyakti jise apanA mAnatA hai usake hita kI kAmanA karatA hai aura jise parAyA mAnatA hai usake hita kI upekSA karatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM zoSaNa, krUra-vyavahAra, ghRNA Adi sabhI unhIM ke prati kiye jAte haiM jinheM hama apanA nahIM mAnate haiM / yadyapi yaha bar3A kaThina kArya hai ki hama apanI rAgAtmakatA yA mamatva vRtti kA pUrNatayA visarjana kara skeN| lekina yaha bhI utanA hI satya hai ki usakA eka sImA taka visarjana kie binA apekSita naitika jIvana kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / vyakti kA 'sva' cAhe vaha vyaktigata jIvana, pArivArika jIvana yA rASTra kI sImA taka vistRta ho hameM svArtha-bhAvanA se Upara nahIM uThane detA / svArtha vRtti cAhe vaha parivAra ke prati ho yA rASTra ke prati samAna rUpa se naitikatA kI virodhI hI siddha hotI hai| usake hote hue saccA naitika jIvana phalita nahIM ho sktaa| muni nathamalajI likhate haiM parivAra ke prati mamatva kA saghana rUpa jaise jAti yA rASTra ke prati baratI jAne vAlI anaitikatA kA niyamana nahIM karatA vaise hI (jAti yA rASTra ke prati mamatva) rASTra ke prati baratI jAne vAlI anaitikatA kA niyAmaka nahIM hotaa| mujhe lagatA hai ki rASTrIya anaitikatA kI apekSA antarrASTrIya anaitikatA kahIM adhika hai| jina rASTroM meM vyAvahArika sacAI hai, prAmANikatA hai, ve bhI antarrASTrIya kSetra meM satyaniSTha aura prAmANika nahIM haiN|' isa prakAra hama dekhate ki vyakti kA jIvana jaba taka rAga yA mamatva se Upara nahIM uThatA taba taka naitikatA kA sadbhAva sambhava hI nahIM hotaa| rAgayukta naitikatA, cAhe usakA AdhAra rASTra athavA mAnava jAti hI kyoM na ho sacce artho meM naitikatA nahIM ho sakatI / saccA naitika jIvana vItarAga avasthA meM hI sambhava ho sakatA hai aura jaina AcAra darzana isI vItarAga jIvana-dRSTi ko hI apanI naitika sAdhanA kA AdhAra banAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha naitika jIvana kA eka vAstavika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai| yahI eka aisA AdhAra hai jisa para naitikatA ko khar3A kiyA A sakatA hai aura sAmAjika jIvana ke vaiSamyoM ko samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| dUsare isa sAmAjika sambandha meM vyakti kA aham bhAva hI bahuta mahattvapUrNa rUpa se kArya karatA hai| zAsana kI icchA yA Adhipatya kI bhAvanA isake pramukha tattva haiM, inake kAraNa bhI sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA utpanna hotI hai| zAsaka aura zAsita athavA jAtibheda evaM raMgabheda Adi kI zreSThatA ke mUla meM ahaM hI pradhAna hai / rASTrIyatA ke mUla meM bhI apane rASTrIya aham kI puSTi kA prayatna hai / svatantratA ke apahAra kA prazna isI sthiti meM hotA hai| jaba vyakti meM Adhipatya kI vRtti yA zAsana kI bhAvanA hotI hai to vaha dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA hanana karatA hai| jaina AcAra darzana aham ke pratyaya ke vigalana ke dvArA sAmAjika jIvana meM paratantratA ko samApta karatA hai| dUsarI ora jaina darzana kA ahiMsA siddhAnta bhI sabhI prANiyoM ke samAna adhikAra ko svIkAra karatA hai / adhikAroM kA hanana eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai| ata: ahiMsA kA siddhAnta svatantratA ke sAtha jur3A huA hai / jaina evaM bauddha AcAra darzana isI ahiMsA siddhAnta ke AdhAra para svatantratA kA samarthana karate haiN| yadi hama sAmAjika sambandhoM meM utpanna hone vAlI viSamatA ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki usake mUla meM rAgAtmakatA hI hai| yahI rAga jaba 'para' kendrita hotA hai to apane aura parAye ke bheda utpanna kara sAmAjika sambandhoM ko azuddha banAtA hai| dUsarI ora yahI rAga java 'sva' kendrita hotA hai to aham yA mAna kA pratyaya utpanna karatA hai / jisake kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanAoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra rAga kA tattva hI mAna ke rUpa meM eka dUsarI dizA grahaNa kara letA hai jo bhI sAmAjika viSamatA ko utpanna karatI hai / rAga kI vRtti hI saMgraha (lobha) aura kapaTa kI bhAvanAoM ko vikasita karatI hai| isa prakAra sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA ke utpanna hone ke cAra mUlabhUta kAraNa hote haiM (1) saMgraha, (1) Aveza, (3) garva, (bar3A mAnanA) aura (4) mAyA (chipAnA) / jinheM cAra kaSAya' kahA jAtA hai| yahI cAroM kAraNa alaga-alaga rUpa meM sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA, 1. naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pR0 3-4.
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________________ jaina AcAra darzana : eka mUlyAMkana 143 ........................................................................... saMvarSa evaM azAnti ke kAraNa banate haiM / 1. saMgraha kI manovRtti ke kAraNa zoSaNa, aprAmANikatA, nirapekSa-vyavahAra, krUra-vyavahAra, vizvAsaghAta Adi vikasita hote haiM / 2. Aveza kI manovRtti ke kAraNa saMgharSa, yuddha, AkramaNa evaM hatyAe~ Adi hotI haiM / 3. garva kI manovRtti ke kAraNa ghRNA, maitrIpUrNa vyavahAra aura krUra-vyavahAra hotA hai| isI prakAra mAyA kI manovRtti ke kAraNa avizvAsa evaM amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana meM jinheM cAra kaSAya kahA jAtA hai unhIM ke kAraNa sArA sAmAjika jIvana duSita hotA hai| jaina darzana inhIM kaSAyoM ke nirodha ko apanI naitika sAdhanA kA AdhAra banAtA hai ata: yaha kahanA ucita hI hogA ki jaina darzana apane sAdhanA-mArga ke rUpa meM sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko samApta kara sAmAjika samatva kI sthApanA kA prayatna karatA hai| 2. Arthika vaiSamya Arthika vaiSamya vyakti aura bhautika jagat ke sambandhoM se utpanna huI viSamatA hai| cetanA kA jaba bhautika jagat se sambandha hotA hai to use aneka vastue~ apane prANamaya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka pratIta hotI haiM / yahI AvazyakatA jaba Asakti meM badala jAtI hai to eka ora saMgraha hotA jAtA hai, dUsarI ora saMgraha kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai; isI se sAmAjika jIvana meM Arthika viSamatA ke bIca kA vapana hotaa| jaise-jaise eka ora saMgraha bar3hatA hai, dUsarI ora garIbI bar3hatI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa Arthika vaiSamya bar3hatA jAtA hai / Arthika vaiSamya ke mUla meM saMgraha bhAvanA hI adhika hai| kahA yaha jAtA hai ki abhAva ke kAraNa saMgraha kI cAha utsana hotI hai, lekina vastusthiti kucha aura hI hai| svAbhAvika abhAva kI pUrti sambhava hai aura zAyada vijJAna hameM isa dizA meM sahayoga bhI de sakatA hai lekina kRtrima abhAva kI pUrti sambhava nhiiN| upAdhyAya amaramuni jI likhate haiM ki "garIbI svayaM meM koI bahuta bar3I cIja nahIM, kintu pahAr3oM kI asIma U~cAiyoM ne isa dharatI para jagaha-jagaha gaDDhe paidA kara diye haiN| pahAr3a TUTeMge, to gaDDhe apane Apa bhara jAyeMge, sampatti kA visarjana hogA to garIbI apane Apa dUra ho jaaegii|"2 vastutaH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki vyakti meM parigraha ke visarjana kI bhAvanA udbhUta ho| parigraha ke visarjana se hI Arthika vaiSamya samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaba taka saMgraha kI vRtti samApta nahIM hotI, Arthika samatA nahIM A sakatI hai| Arthika vaiSamya kA nirAkaraNa asaMgraha kI vRtti se hI sambhava hai aura jaina darzana apane aparigraha ke siddhAnta ke dvArA isa Arthika vaiSamma ke nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa karatA hai| jaina AcAra darzana meM gRhastha jIvana ke lie bhI jisa parigraha ke sImAMkana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai vaha Arthika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa kA eka pramukha sAdhana ho sakatA hai| Aja hama jisa samAjavAda evaM sAmyavAda kI carcA karate haiM usakA dizA-saMketa mahAvIra ne gRhastha kI vrata vyavasthA meM kiyA thaa| Arthika vaiSamya kA nirAkaraNa anAsakti aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA ke dvArA hI sambhava hai / yadi hama sAmAjika jIvana meM Arthika samAnatA kI bAta karanA cAhate haiM to hameM vyaktigata sampatti kI sImA nirdhAraNa karanI hI hogii| parigraha kA visarjana hI Arthika jIvana meM mahattva kA sRjana kara sakatA hai| jaina darzana kA aparigraha siddhAnta isa sambandha meM paryApta siddha hotA hai| vartamAna yuga meM mArksa ne Arthika vaiSamya ko dUra karane kA jo siddhAnta sAmyavAdI samAja ke racanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA vaha yadyapi Arthika viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai lekina usakI mUlabhUta kamI yaha hai ki vaha mAnava-samAja para Upara se thopA jAtA hai usake andara se sahaja ubhArA nahIM jAtA hai| jisa prakAra bAhya davAboM se vAstavika naitikatA prakaTa nahIM hotI usI prakAra kevala kAnUna ke bala para lAyA gy| Arthika sAmya sacce Arthika samatva kA prakaTana nahIM karatA hai| ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki 1. dekhie--naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pR0 2. 2. jaina prakAza, 8 aprela, 1966, pR0 11.
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________________ 144 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa manuSya meM svataH hI tyAga kI vRtti kA udaya ho aura vaha svecchA se hI sampatti ke visarjana kI dizA meM Age Ave / bhAratIya paramparA aura vizeSakara jaina paramparA na kevala sampatti ke visarjana kI bAta karatI hai varan usake samavitaraNa para bhI jora detI hai| hamAre prAcIna sAhitya meM dAna ke sthAna para saMvibhAga zabda kA hI adhika prayoga huA hai / jo yaha batAtA hai ki jo kucha hamAre pAsa hai usakA samavibhAjana karanA hai / mahAvIra kA yaha udghoSa ki 'asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkha' yaha spaSTa batAtA hai ki jaina AcAra darzana Arthika viSamatA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie samavitaraNa kI dhAraNA ko pratipAdita karatA hai| jainadarzana ke ina siddhAntoM ko yadi yugIna sandarbho meM navIna dRSTi se upasthita kiyA jAya to samAja kI Arthika samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa khojA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM bhraSTAcAra ke rUpa meM samAja meM Arthika kSetra meM jo burAI panapa rahI hai usake mUla meM bhI yA to vyakti kI saMgrahecchA hai yA bhogecchA / bhraSTAcAra kevala abhAvajanita bImArI nahIM hai varan vaha eka mAnasika bImArI hai jisake mUla meM saMgrahecchA evaM bhogecchA ke kITANu rahe hue haiM / vastuta: vaha AvazyakatAoM ke kAraNa nahIM varan tRSNA ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai / AvazyakatAoM kA nirAkaraNa padArthoM ko upalabdha karake kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina isa tRSNA kA nirAkaraNa padArthoM ke dvArA sambhava nahIM hai| isIlie jainadarzana ne anAsakti kI vRtti ko naitika jIvana meM pramukha sthAna diyA hai| tRSNAjanita vikRtiyA~ kevala anAsakti ke dvArA hI dUra kI jA sakatI haiN| hamAre vartamAna yuga kI pramukha kaThinAI yaha nahIM hai ki hameM sAmAnya jIvana jIne ke sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hai athavA unakA abhAva hai, varan kaThinAI yaha hai ki Aja kA mAnava tRSNA se itanA adhika grasita hai ki vaha eka acchA sukhada evaM zAntipUrNa jIvana nahIM jI sakatA hai| manuSya kI vAsanAe~ hI usake zAnta jIvana jIne meM bAdhaka haiN| 3. vaicArika vaiSamya vibhinna vAda aura unake kAraNa utpanna vaicArika viSamatA sAmAjika jIvana kA eka bar3A abhizApa hai| vartamAna yuga meM rASTroM kA jo saMgharSa hai usake mUla meM Arthika aura rAjanaitika prazna itane mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai jitanA ki vaicArika sAmrAjyavAda kI sthApanA / vartamAna yuga meM na to rAjanaitika adhikAralipsA se utpanna sAmrAjyavAda kI bhAvanA pAI jAtI hai aura na Arthika sAmrAjyoM kI sthApanA kA prazna hI itanA mahattvapUrNa hai, varan vartamAna ya ga meM bar3e rASTra apane vaicArika sAmrAjyoM kI sthApanA ke lie prayatnazIla dekhe jAte haiN| jaina AcAra darzana apane anekAntavAda aura anAgraha ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para isa vaicArika viSamatA kA nirAkaraNa prastuta karatA hai| anekAnta kA siddhAnta vaicArika Agraha ke visarjana kI bAta karatA hai aura vaicArika kSetra meM dUsare ke vicAroM evaM anubhUtiyoM ko bhI utanA hI mahatva detA hai jitanA ki svayaM ke vicAroM evaM anubhUtiyoM ko| uparokta tInoM prakAra kI viSamatAe~ hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se sambandhita haiN| jaina AcAra darzana uparokta tInoM viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie apane AcAra darzana meM tIna siddhAnta prastuta karatA hai| sAmAjika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa ke lie usane 'ahiMsA' kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyA hai| Arthika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa ke lie 'aparigraha' kA siddhAnta tathA vaicArika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa ke lie 'anAgraha' aura 'anekAnta' ke siddhAnta prastuta kiye gaye haiM, jo kramaza: sAmAjika samatA, Arthika samatA aura vaicArika samatA kI sthApanA karate haiN| lekina yaha sabhI naitikatA ke bAhya evaM sAmAjika AdhAra haiN| naitikatA kA Antarika AdhAra to hamArA manojagata hI hai| jaina AcAra darzana mAnasika viSamatA arthAt mAnasika tanAva ke nirAkaraNa ke lie vizeSa rUpa ke vicAra karatA hai| 4. mAnasika vaiSamya mAnasika vaiSamya manojagata meM tanAva kI avasthA kA sUcaka hai| jaina AcAra darzana ne caturvidha kaSAyoM ko manojagata ke vaiSamya kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha yaha cAroM Avega yA kaSAya hamAre . mAnasika samatva ko bhaMga karate haiN| yadi hama vyaktigata jIvana ke vighaTanakArI tattvoM kA manovaijJAnika dRSTi --0 .. . . .
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________________ jaina AcAra darzana : eka mUlyAMkana : 145 . se vizleSaNa kareM to hama unake mUla meM kahIM na kahIM jaina darzana meM prastuta kaSAyoM evaM nokaSAyoM (AvegoM aura upaAvegoM) kI upasthiti hI pAte haiM / jaina AcAra darzana kaSAya-tyAga ke rUpa meM manojagata ke vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa kA sandeza detA hai| vaha batAtA hai ki hama jaise-jaise ina kaSAyoM ke Upara vijaya-lAbha karate hue Age bar3heMge vaise hI hamAre vyaktitva kI pUrNatA kA prakaTana bhI hovegA / jaina darzana meM sAdhakoM kI cAra zreNiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM / jo ina para kramika vijaya ko prakaTa karatI hai| inake prathama tIvratama rUpa para vijaya pAne para sAdhaka meM yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA udbhava hotA hai| dvitIya madhyama rUpa para vijaya prApta karane se sAdhaka zrAvaka yA gRhastha upAsaka kI zreNI meM AtA hai / tRtIya alpa rUpa para baha AtmapUrNatA ko prakaTa kara zrAmaNya ko prApta kara letA hai| kaSAyoM kI pUrNa samApti para eka pUrNa vItarAga vyaktitva kA prakaTana ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra jaina AcAra darzana kaSAya ke rUpa meM hamArI mAnasika viSamatAoM kA kAraNa prastuta karatA hai aura kaSAyajaya ke rUpa meM mAnasika samatA ke nirmANa kI dhAraNA ko sthApita karatA hai| pratyeka vyakti yaha apekSA karatA hai ki usakA jIvana zAnta evaM sukhI ho| lekina yadi hama mAnava-mana kI azAnti aura duHkha ke kAraNoM ko jAnanA cAheM to hama yaha pAte haiM ki unake mUla meM hamAre mAnasika tanAva yA manovega hI haiM / mAnava-mana kI azAnti evaM usake adhikAMza duHkha kaSAyajanita haiN| ataH zAnta aura sukhI jIvana ke lie mAnasika tanAvoM evaM manovegoM se mukti pAnA Avazyaka hai / krodhAdi kaSAyoM para vijaya-lAbha karake hI hama zAnta mAnasika jIvana jI sakate haiM / ataH mAnasika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa aura mAnasika samatva ke sRjana ke lie hameM manovegoM se Upara uThanA hogA / jaise-jaise hama manovegoM yA kaSAyacatuSka se Upara uTheMge vaise-vaise hI saccI zAnti kA lAbha prApta kreNge| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcAra darzana jIvana se viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa aura samatva ke sRjana ke lie eka aisI AcAra vidhi prastuta karatA hai jisake samyak paripAlana se sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika donoM hI jIvana meM saccI zAnti aura vAstavika sukha kA lAbha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaiSamya nirAkaraNa ke sUtra viSamatAeM viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke siddhAnta nirAkaraNa kA pariNAma . puruSArtha catuSTaya se sambandha vaiSamya 1. Arthika vaiSamya aparigraha (parigraha kA sAmyavAda arthapuruSArtha parisImana) (samavitaraNa) 2. sAmAjika ahiMsA zAnti evaM abhaya dharma (naitikatA) (yuddha-saMgharSa samApti) puruSArtha 3. vaicArika anAgraha samAdhi (vaicArika dharma aura mokSa vaiSamya (anekAnta) samanvaya) puruSArtha kA samanvaya 4. mAnasika anAsakti Ananda mokSa puruSArtha vaiSamya vItarAgAvasthA ina nirAkaraNa ke sUtroM ke mUlyoM aura unake pariNAmoM kA vistRta vivecana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| saMkSepa meM jaina AcAra darzana dvArA prastuta uparokta vaiSamya nirAkaraNa ke sabhI sUtra sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika jIvana meM samatva, zAnti evaM santulana ko sthApita kara vyakti ko duHkhoM evaM viSamatAoM se mukta karate haiN|
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________________ . 146 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa vartamAna yuga meM naitikatA ko jIvana dRSTi kyA ho? yadi hama ina vaiSamyoM ke kAraNoM evaM unake nirAkaraNa ke sUtroM kA vizleSaNa kareM to anta meM yaha pAte haiM ki ina saba ke mUla meM mAnasika vaiSamya hai / mAnasika vaiSamya Asaktijanya hai / vaha Asakti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / vaiyaktika jIvana meM Asakti ke eka rUpa, jise dRSTi-rAga kahA jAtA hai, se hI sAmpradAyika tA, dharmAndhatA aura vibhinna rAjanaitika matavAdoM evaM Arthika vicAraNoM kA janma hotA hai, jo hamAre sAmAjika jIvana meM vargabheda evaM saMgharSa kA sRjana karate haiM Asakti ke dUsare rUpa saMgrahavRtti aura viSayAsakti se asamAna vitaraNa aura bhogavAda kA janma hotA hai jisameM vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika viSamatAoM aura sAmAjika asvAsthya (roga) ke kITANu janma lete haiM bhaura usI meM palate haiN| vartamAna yuga ke aneka vicArakoM ne Asakti ke sthAna para abhAva ko hI samagra vaiSamyoM kA kAraNa mAnA aura usakI bhautika pUrti ke prayAsa ko hI vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa kA Avazyaka sAdhana maanaa| lekina isameM AMzika satya hote hue bhI ise naitika jIvana kA antima satya udghoSita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / manuSya kevala bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke bala para nahIM jI sakatA hai| krAisTa ne ThIka hI kahA thA ki manuSya ke lie kevala roTI paryApta nahIM hai isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki ve binA roTI ke jI sakate haiN| roTI ke binA to nahIM jI sakate lekina akelI roTI se bhI nahIM jI sakate haiM / roTI ke binA jInA asambhava hai aura akelI roTI para yA roTI ke lie jInA vyartha hai / jaise paudhoM ke lie jar3eM hotI haiM, aise hI manuSya ke lie roTI yA bhautika vastue~ haiN| jar3eM apane Apake lie nahIM hai / phUloM aura phaloM ke lie ve haiM / phUla aura phala na Ave to unakA honA nirarthaka hai / yadyapi phUla aura phala unake binA nahIM A sakate haiM taba bhI phUla aura phala unake lie nahIM hai / jIvana meM nimna Avazyaka haiM ucca ke lie aura ucca ke hone meM hI vaha sArthaka hai| manuSya ko roTI yA bhautika vastuoM kI jarUrata hai tAki vaha jI sake aura jIvana ke satya aura saundarya kI bhUkha ko bhI tRpta kara sake / roTI, roTI se bhI bar3I bhUkhoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| lekina yadi koI bar3I bhUkha nahIM hai to roTI vyartha ho jAtI hai| roTI, roTI ke hI lie nahIM hai / apane Apa meM usakA koI bhI mU aura artha nahIM hai| usakA artha hai usake atikramaNa meM / koI jIvana mUlya jo ki usake pAra nikala jAtA hai, usameM hI usakA artha hai ?' vastutaH hamane bhautika mUlyoM kI pUrti ko hI antima mAnakara bahuta bar3I galatI kI hai| bhautika pUrti antima nahIM hai / yadi vahI antima hotI to Aja manuSya meM ucca mUlyoM kA vikAsa pahale kI apekSA adhika honA thA kyoMki vartamAna yuga meM hamArI bhautika sukha-suvidhAe~ pahale kI apekSA adhika bar3hI haiM lekina phira bhI ucca mUlyoM kA vikAsa utanA nahIM ho pAyA hai| Arthika vikAsa aura vyavasthA hone para bhI Aja kA sampanna manuSya utanA hI artha-lolupa hai jitanA pahale thaa| vaijJAnika vikAsa apane carama zikhara para hai, phira bhI Aja kA vijJAnajIvI manuSya utanA hI AkrAmaka hai, jitanA pahale thaa| zikSA kA stara bahuta U~cA hone para bhI Aja kA zikSita manuSya utanA hI svArthI hai, jitanA pahale thaa| Arthika, vaijJAnika aura zaikSaNika vikAsa ne manuSya ke vyavahAra ko badalA hai, para usI ko badalA hai, jo unase sambandhita hai| manuSya meM aisI aneka mUlapravRttiyA~ haiM, jinheM ye nahIM badala sakate haiN| krodha, abhimAna, kapaTa, lobha, bhaya, zoka, ghRNA, kAma-vAsanA, kalaha-ye manuSya kI zAzvata mUlapravRttiyA~ haiM / Arthika abhAva tathA ajJAna ke kAraNa jo sAmAjika doSa utpanna hote haiM, ve Arthika aura zaikSaNika vikAsa se miTa jAte haiM kintu mUlapravRttiyoM se utpanna hone vAle doSa unase nahIM miTate haiN| mUlapravRttiyoM kA niyantraNa yA zodhana AdhyAtmikatA se hI ho sakatA hai, isalie samAja meM usakA astitva anivArya hai| __ jo vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki Adhunika vijJAna kI sahAyatA se manuSya kI sabhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti 1. .2 naye saMketa, pR0 57. naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pR0 25
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________________ jaina AcAra darzana : eka mUlyAMkana 147 kara dI jAyagI aura isa prakAra isa saMsAra meM eka svarga kA avataraNa ho sakegA, ve vastutaH bhrAnti meM hI haiN| vastutaH manuSya ke lie jisa Ananda aura zAntimaya jIvana kI apekSA hai vaha mAtra bhogoM kI pUrti meM vikasita nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha Aja bhI satya hai, ki aneka loga jinheM santuSTi ke alpa sAdhana upalabdha haiM, adhika Anandita haiM, apekSAkRta unake jo bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI pUrti ke hote hue bhI utane Anandita nahIM haiM / ' Aja ke saMsAra meM saMyukta rAjya amerikA jaisA rASTra jo ki bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI dRSTi se sampanna hote hue bhI Aja usake nAgarika mAnasika tanAvoM se sarvAdhika pIr3ita haiN| Aja kA mAnava jisa saMgharSa kI bhayAvaha evaM tanAvapUrNa sthiti meM hai usakA kAraNa sAdhanoM kA abhAva nahIM varan upayoga kI yogyatA evaM manovRtti hai| yaha satya hai ki vaijJAnika upalabdhiyA~ manuSya ko sukha aura suvidhAeM pradAna kara sakatI haiM, lekina yaha isI bAta para nirbhara hai ki manuSya kI jIvana-dRSTi kyA hai ? vijJAna meM mAnava ko jahA~ eka ora sukhI aura sampanna karane kI kSamatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora vaha usakA vinAza bhI kara sakatA hai / yaha to usake upayoga karane vAloM para nirbhara hai ki ve kaisA upayoga karate haiM aura yaha bAta unakI jIvana-dRSTi para hI AdhArita hogii| vijJAna AdhyAtmika evaM ucca mAnavIya mUlyoM se samanvita hokara hI manuSya kA kalyANasAdhaka ho sakatA hai anyathA vaha usakA saMhAraka hI siddha hogaa| ataH Aja Avazyaka yaha hai ki manuSya meM AdhyAtmika jIvana-dRSTi evaM ucca mUlyoM ke prati niSThA jAgrata kI jaay|| Aja mAnyatA yaha ho rahI hai ki naitika evaM ucca mUlyoM ke prati niSThA rakhane vAlA manuSya sukha-suvidhA kI dRSTi se ghATe meM rahatA hai, isIlie naitikatA evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana ke prati manuSya meM sahaja AkarSaNa nahIM hai| jIvana kI AvazyakatAe~ jitanI adhika hotI haiM, utanI hI sAmAjika unnati hotI hai, isa mAnyatA ne samAja meM bhoga kI spardhA khar3I kara dI hai| aba koI bhI vyakti isa daur3a meM pIche rahanA nahIM caahtaa| hama bhraSTAcAra karane vAle ko doSa dete haiM, para kitanA Azcarya hai ki bhraSTAcAra kI preraNA jahA~ se phUTatI hai, usa ora dhyAna nahIM dete / naitika mUlyoM kI punaH pratisthApanA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM ko kama karane, sAdA-sarala jIvana bitAne, tyAga va niHsvArtha vRtti ko rASTrIya saMskRti kA abhinna aMga mAnA jaae| samAja kI eka mAnyatA thI-cAhe jitane kaSTa A jAe~ para satya aura prAmANikatA akhaNDa rahanI caahie| isa mAnyatA ne sacce aura prAmANika logoM kI sRSTi kI / Aja samAja kI mAnyatA meM parivartana huA hai| jana-mAnasa bar3I tejI se aisA banatA jA rahA hai ki satya aura prAmANikatA khaNDita hoM to bhale hoM, sukha-suvidhAe~ prApta honI caahie| isa mAnyatA ne satya aura prAmANikatA kA mUlya kama kara diyA hai / yadi hama naitika mUlyoM ke hrAsa ko bacanA cAhate haiM to hameM bhautika mUlyoM ke sthAna para AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko svIkAra karanA hogA aura eka aisI jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa karanA hogA jo ki manuSya meM ucca mUlyoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI mAnava-jAti ko bhaya, saMgharSa, tanAva aura aprAmANikatA se mukta kara sake / jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM dekhA ina sabake mUla meM mAnasika viSamatA ke rUpa meM Asakti hI mUlatattva hai ata: vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko pUrNatayA samApta karane ke lie jisa jIvana-dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hai vaha hai anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi / / anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA antima naitika siddhAnta koI hai to vaha anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa hI hai| jaina darzana meM rAga ke prahANa kA, bauddha darzana meM tRSNA-kSaya kA aura gItA meM Asakti ke nAza kA jo upadeza hameM upalabdha hotA hai usakA lakSya hai anAsakta jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa / jaina AcAra darzana ke samagra naitika vidhi niSedha rAga ke prahANa ke lie haiM / bauddha darzana meM buddha ke sabhI upadezoM kA antima hArda hai tRSNA kA kSaya aura gItA meM kRSNa ke upadeza kA sAra hai phalAsakti kA tyaag| isa prakAra tInoM hI AcAra darzanoM kA sAra evaM unakI antima phalazruti anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA kA vikAsa hai / yahI samagra naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana kA sAra hai aura naitika pUrNatA kI avasthA hai| 1. naitikatA kA garutvAkarSaNa, pR06, 13-14.