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________________ Amo itihAsa - lekhana kI bhAratIya avadhAraNA tihAsa-lekhana para kucha likhane se pUrva isa viSaya para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki itihAsa kise kahA jAe / prakRta viSaya para Ane se pUrva itihAsa ke saMbaMdha meM bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya avadhAraNAoM se paricita honA paramAvazyaka itihAsa ke vyutpattiparaka zabdArtha se spaSTa hotA hai ki isa zabda ke nihitArtha meM bhUtakAla ke smaraNIya mahApuruSoM aura prasiddha ghaTanAoM kA varNana sannihita hai| itihAsa zabda kA prAcIna prayoga atharvaveda aura brAhmaNa granthoM meM milatA hai| atharvaveda meM isakI carcA Rk, yajus aura sAma tathA gAthA aura nArAzaMsI ke sAtha huI hai| aitihAsika racanAoM ko brAhmaNoM aura upaniSadoM meM itihAsaveda kahA gayA hai| kauTilya ne arthazAstra (I. pU. tRtIya zatI) meM vedoM kI gaNanA karate hue likhA hai ki Rk, sAma aura yajus triveda hai, inake sAtha atharva aura itihAsaveda kI gaNanA vedoM ke aMtargata kI jAtI hai| kauTilya ne itihAsa ko paMcama veda kA mahattva pradAna kara use jJAna ke kSetra meM kAphI U~cA sthAna diyA hai / vRhaddevatA meM pUre eka sUkta ko itihAsa sUkta kahA gayA hai| kauTilya ne itihAsa kI paribhASA dete hue arthazAstra meM likhA hai ki purANa, itivRtta, AkhyAyikA, udAharaNa, dharmazAstra aura arthazAstra itihAsa hai|' isa prakAra prAcIna bhAratIya mAnyatA ke anusAra itihAsa zabda bahuta vyApaka aura vistRta thaa| isake parikSetra meM aneka viSaya samAviSTa the / arthazAstra meM prayukta 'purANa' zabda kA abhiprAya una AkhyAyikAoM se hai jo prAcIna (purA) kAla se pIr3hI dara pIr3hI vikasita hotI AI haiM / itivRtta kA zabdArtha hai 'bhUta meM ghaTita ghttnaa'| yaha Adhunika itihAsa zabdArtha ke adhika nikaTa hai / itivRtta meM bhUtakAla kI ghaTanAoM aura smaraNIya vyaktiyoM kA byaurA saMgrahIta kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNa yA dRSdAnta sAhitya ke aMtargata ve kathAe~ kahAniyAM AtI haiM jinameM prAcInakAla ke yathArtha yA kalpita vyaktiyoM ke dRSTAnta dekara kisI naitika siddhAMta yA rAjanItika niyama ko anumodita samarthita kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie jaina - kathA AkhyAyikA sAhitya meM aise dRSTAnta paryApta milate haiM / isa vedoM meM zunaH zepa aura pururavA Adi ke AkhyAna milate haiM, jo paravartI aitihAsika nATakoM aura prabaMdhoM ke khota rahe haiN| bAda meM itihAsa aura purANa paraspara ghula-mila ge| purANa zabda kA prayoga atharvaveda meM prAcIna janazruti (Ancient-Lore) ke artha meM huA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa meM itihAsa - purANa prAyaH yugapat vyavahRta milate haiN| inakA itihAsa purANa meM kramazaH vilaya ho gayA hai / itihAsa aura purANa kA varNana kSetra eka hI thA aura viSaya-vastu bhI prAya: samAna hI thI / purANoM meM itihAsa, AkhyAna aura gAthA sammilita the| inase vaMza - sAhitya yA vaMzAnucarita kA vikAsa huA aura vaMzavarNana purANoM kA pramukha lakSaNa mAnA jAne lgaa| harivaMza aura raghuvaMza isake pramANa haiN| AkhyAyikA bhI eka prakAra kI itihAsa racanA thI / kAlAntara meM arthazAstra aura dharmazAstra ne apanA svataMtra vikAsa kara liyaa| isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM itihAsa kI spaSTa avadhAraNA milatI hai aura usake AdhAra para itihAsa - racanA hotI thI / kintu kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI dekhA-dekhI bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke eka varga meM yaha dhAraNA pracalita thI ki prAcIna bhArata meM itihAsa aura itihAsakAra nahIM the| jisa deza meM itihAsa zabda kA itanA prAcIna prayoga milatA hai aura jise vidyA ke kSetra meM itanA ucca sthAna diyA gayA hai, usase bhAratIya 43 - For Private DaoN. asIma kumAra mizra... pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI udAharaNa - sAhitya meM prasaMgataH kisI aitihAsika pAtra yA ghaTanA kA varNana bhI mila jAtA hai, jisase itihAsa-lekhana meM sahAyatA milatI hai| AkhyAna yA AkhyAyikA kA artha aitihAsika kathA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa meM AkhyAna aura itihAsa kA antara batAyA gayA hai| purANoM meM sarga (sRSTi), pratisarga (pralaya), vaMza (RSiyoM aura rAjAoM kI vaMzAvaliyA~), manvantara tathA vaMzAnucarita ye mukhya ghaTaka the / smaraNIya hai ki vaMzAvalI kevala rAjAoM kI hI nahIM balki RSiyoM kI bhI dI jAtI thI aura rAjAoM se pUrva use sthAna diyA jAtA thA / isIlie jainapaTTAvaliyA~ jinameM jaina sUriyoM, bhaTTArakoM kI vaMzAvalI hai, jaina itihAsa-lekhana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / Personal Use Only -
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________________ * yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - * itihAsa. aparicita rahe hoM yA usake racanA - kauzala kA unameM jJAna na rahA ho yaha bAta saMbhava nahIM lgtii| jJAna ke itane mahattvapUrNa aMga kI spaSTa dhAraNA isa deza meM na rahI ho yaha bAta kisI taraha gale ke nIce nahIM utaratI / TilahArDa da zArDina aura loesa Dikinsana jaise kucha pAzcAtya lekhakoM ne yaha mata pracArita kiyA thA aura hIrAnaMda zAstrI jaise vidvAna ne isakA samarthana kiyA ki prAcIna bhArata meM spaSTa itihAsa- grantha nahIM likhe ge| DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne bhI prakArAntara se yahI mAnA hai / Adhunika itihAsakAra kAla, vyakti aura sthAna evaM ghaTanA ko itihAsa kA mahattvapUrNa aMga mAnate haiN| isI AdhAra para ve hamAre prAcIna itihAsa granthoM-mahAbhArata Adi ko Adhunika artha meM itihAsa grantha nahIM mAnate, kyoMki mahAbhAratakAra ne 24 hajAra zlokoM meM se kisI bhI zloka meM saMbhavataH usakI racanA kA samaya aura sthAna kA vivaraNa nahIM diyaa| lekina kyA kAla kI upekSA ke kAraNa zeSa tInoM varNana aitihAsika na hokara paurANika ho ge| unakA yaha kathana ki Adhunika artha meM itihAsa lekhana kI avadhAraNA pAzcAtya jagat meM vikasita huI sarvathA mAnya nahIM hai| bhAratIya kAla kI sanAtanatA meM vizvAsa karate haiM na ki purAtanatA meN| Adhunika itihAsa bhUta yA prAcIna kAla kI ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa dene ko hI mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai| hamAre deza meM jar3a, mRta yA bhUta kI upAsanA prazasta nahIM mAnI gii| misra meM bhUta kI upAsanA prabala rUpa se pracalita thii| isIlie mamI ko pirAmiDoM meM surakSita rakhA gyaa| IsAI aura islAma meM mRtakoM ko gAr3hakara unake Upara kabra banavAnA misrI bhUta-pUjA kA hI anukaraNa hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM mRtakoM ko agni meM jalAne ke bAda jo zeSa rahatA hai, use jala meM pravAhita kiyA jAtA hai aura zeSa kevala sanAtana bacatA hai| saMbhavata: isIlie mahAbhArata aura purANoM meM tithikrama nahIM milatA hai| prAyaH purANoM meM jo rAjavaMzAvaliyA~ hai unase itihAsa ke tithikrama nirdhAraNa meM kama hI sahAyatA milatI hai| pAzcAtya vicArakoM kA mata hai ki sikandara ke AkramaNa aura candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNa kI nizcita tithi I.pU. 325 ko hI AdhAra mAnakara purANoM kI saMkhyA ko samaya-sUcaka banAyA gayA hai| ata: yaha AdhAra bhI dRr3ha nahIM hai| saccidAnandamUrti, vI.vI. gokhale, ke. pI. jAyasavAla aura vizvaMbharazaraNa pAThaka pramANapUrvaka isa mata kA khaNDana karate haiN| ina vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki hamAre deza meM itihAsa vaidika kAla se thA, kintu usakA svarUpa svadezI hai, na ki pAzcAtya / itihAsa saMbaMdhI bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya avadhAraNAoM meM aMtara ke kAraNa hI yaha bhrAmaka vicAra phailaa| yaha to jJAta hai ki hamAre deza meM azvamedha yajJa vaidikakAla se hote rahe haiN| yajJa kI taiyArI ke samaya saMbaMdhita cakravartI samrAT ke pratApa, zaurya aura vIratApUrNa kAryoM kA bakhAna 'nArAzaMsI' ke rUpa meM chaMdoM meM gAe jAne kI prathA pracalita thii| rAjAoM kI hI nahIM RSiyoM kI prazaMsA ke bhI pramANa haiM / kucha gAthAoM (dazarAjJa) meM brAhmaNa purohita vaziSTha kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai jisane sudAsa ko daza rAjAoM para vijaya prApta karane kA mArga dikhaayaa| Rgveda meM hI indra kI prazasti milatI hai / yahI prazasti kI paripATI Age 'gAthA' aura 'nArAzaMsI' meM milatI hai, jisakA artha nara yA zreSTha AdamI kI prazaMsA arthAt mahApuruSoM kI prazasti hai| yaha eka racanA kI vidhA thii| isameM kevala yajJakarttA rAjA kI hI nahIM varan devoM, RSiyoM aura prAcIna rAjAoM kI bhI prazaMsA ke gIta gAe jAte the| isa prakAra kI nArAzaMsI aura gAthAe~ janamejaya-parIkSita, marutaikSvAku, kaivya- pAMcAla aura bharata Adi pratApI samrAToM ke saMbaMdha brAhmaNa granthoM meM milatI hai / bAda meM yaha kArya sUtoM aura mAgadhoM ne sa~bhAla liyaa| yajurveda aura vAyupurANa meM inakA ullekha milatA hai| ye loga rAjAoM, rAjavaMzoM, unake kAryoM tathA unakI zAsana vyavasthA kA lekhAjokhA rakhate the| mAgadhoM sUtoM kA mukhya kArya devoM, RSiyoM aura mahApuruSoM tathA pratApI rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI taiyAra karanA thA / sUta ko paurANika bhI kahate the| vaise to Age calakara sUtamAgadha zabda bhI purANa itihAsa kI taraha samAnArthI ho gae the, para mAgadha vaMzAvalI rakhate the aura sUta purANa taiyAra karate the| pArjiTara kA kathana hai ki unhIM sUtoM ne rAjavaMzoM kI virudAvaliyA~, pratApI rAjAoM ke zauryapratApa kI kahAniyA~ ekatra kIM, jo bAda meM purANoM meM sammilita kI gaIM aura itihAsa kA mahattvapUrNa strota bniiN'| sUta, vaizaMpAyana, lomaharSaNa Adi sUta hI the| inakA ullekha prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM barAbara milatA hai| bhArata ke prAcInatama rAjA 'pRthu' kA ullekha sUtroM ne kiyA hai| isI pRthu ke nAma para DAyoDorasa jaise videzI lekhaka bhI karate haiM / sUta eka prakAra 'pRthvI' kA nAmakaraNa huaa| pRthu kA ullekha megasthanIja aura ke cAraNa the jo virudAvalI gAte the, vaMzAvalI bakhAnate the| bAda meM ye zAsakoM kI vaMzAvalI banAne aura usake rakharakhAva ke mervaron 4? tharmoniam For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ ---- yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsakArya meM niyukta ho ge| sUtoM dvArA surakSita vaMzAvalI hI purANoM kI vyAkhyA karate hae likhA hai ki itihAsa rocaka viSaya hai| meM AI hai| Age calakara vaMzAvalI aitihAsika racanA kI pratinidhi isameM itivRtta, aihitya aura AmnAya bhI sammilita hotA hai| ise vidhA bana gii| vaMzalekhana kI paraMparA I.pU. cauthI zatAbdI taka ArSa bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki yaha RSiprokta hai| yaha acchI aura inake dvArA calatI rhii| naMdoM aura mauryoM ke samaya vaidika yajJa manoharakathA vArtA dvArA dharmazAstra kA upadeza karatA hai| bAda meM aura karmakANDa zithila ho gae, to vaMza-racanA bhI Thapa ho gii| itihAsa meM parigaNita kaI zAstra jaise purANa, arthazAstra, dharmazAstra purANoM se hI vaMzAvalI likhane kI preraNA bauddhoM aura jainoM ko Adi kA svataMtra vikAsa huA aura itihAsa kI avadhAraNA bhI milii| bauddha-sAhitya meM buddhavaMza (suttapiTaka), dIpavaMza aura saMkucita ho gii| yaha bhUtakAla kI ghaTanAoM kA abhilekha mAtra mahAvaMza Adi racanAe~ tathA jainoM meM vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariu' samajhA jAne lgaa| itihAsa-lekhaka rAjadarabArI karmacArI ho yA harivaMza Adi vaMzAnucarita grantha hai| paravartI jaina-sAhitya meM ge| pariNAmataH itihAsa kI avadhAraNA meM bar3A pharka pdd'aa| isa prakAra ke carita-kAvya pracura mAtrA meM milate haiN| saMskRta, pahale itihAsa kA jo vyApaka svarUpa thA vaha saMkucita huaa| prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM likhe gae purANoM kI saMkhyA bhI bahata hai| pahale itihAsa ko vaha purAvRtta mAnA jAtA thA, jisameM naitika, inameM hemacandrakRta pariziSTaparvana, pramukha hai, jisameM AcAryoM, AdhyAtmika, laukika aura saundaryamUlaka preraNa mahApuruSoM kI jIvaniyA~ to haiM hI, sAtha hI sAtha mauryakAlIna vaha aisA vivaraNa mAtra raha gayA jisameM AzrayadAtA rAjA ke itihAsa bhI hai| isI krama meM trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pratApa aura vijayoM kI gAthA pramukha rUpa se atizayokti-pUrvaka prabhAvakacarita Adi grantha ullekhanIya haiN| varNita ho| rAniyoM ko rAjazrI kA paryAya mAnakara hara vijaya ke dhIre-dhIre bhAratIya itihAsa-lekhana kI mUla avadhAraNA sAtha eka rAnI kI prApti, usake sauMdarya-zRMgAra kI carcA eka lupta hone lgii| sUtoM kA mahattva ghaTa gayA phira bhI vaMzAvaliyA~ kAvya rur3hi bana gii| lekhaka itihAsakAra nahIM balki kavi bana rakhI jAtI thiiN| arthazAstra meM rAjakIya abhilekhoM ko rakhane ke gyaa| kalpanA kA vistAra huA, itihAsa sikur3atA gayA, yathAtathya lie 'gopa' nAmaka padAdhikArI kI carcA milatI hai| ye gopa varNana bAdhita hotA gyaa| tithikrama aura vaMzAnakrama ko isa dasa-pA~ca gA~voM ke nivAsiyoM kA Arthika, vyApArika, sAmAjika pravRtti ne sabase adhika nukasAna phuNcaayaa| prAyaH itihAsakAroM vivaraNa rakhate the| henasAMga ne isa prakAra ke abhilekha 'ni-lo- ne kavi kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha adhika kiyA, itihAsakAra ke pI-vA' dekhe the, jinameM daivI ApadAoMtathA prajA kI sthiti kA ' va kartavya kA pAlana kama kiyaa| vivaraNa rahatA thaa| nagarakoTa ke kile meM zAhI vaMza kI vaMzAvalI pAzcAtya vicArakoM meM saMbhavata: 'heroDoTasa' ne sarvaprathama albarUnI ne bhI dekhI thii| prazAsana meM eka svataMtra vibhAga 'hisTrI' zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| isa zabda meM sTorI (Story) bhI akSapaTalika ke adhIna yahI kAma karatA thaa| mauryoM ne purAlekha- AkhyAna yA purAvRtta kA sUcaka hai| ata: reniyara aura henarI perI saMgrahAlayoM kI paripATI calAI thii| yahIM se lekhakoM ne purANoM jaise lekhaka mAnate haiM ki samAja meM rahane vAle manuSyoM ke kAryoM ke lie sAmagrI ekatrita kii| saMbhavataH isIlie vibhinna purANoM evaM unakI upalabdhiyoM kI kahAnI hI itihAsa hai| itihAsa ko / chor3akara prAyaH ekarUpatA hai| hamAre purANa atIta aura vartamAna kA setu batAte hue jaoNna DibI donoM para granthoM tathA itihAsa-granthoM meM kevala itivRtta hI nahIM rahatA thA, donoM kA anyonya prabhAva svIkAra karate haiN| hamane rAjadharma evaM arthAt aitihAsika vyaktiyoM aura pAtroM kA vivaraNa hI nahIM AdhyAtmikatA ko pradhAna mAnakara prAraMbha meM dhArmika itihAsa diyA jAtA thA, balki unakI rAnajItika, sAmAjika, naitika likhA, bAda meM rAjanaitika lekhana bhI huA para yahA~ kI tulanA meM aura Arthika paraMparAoM kA varNana tathA tatsaMbaMdhI saMsthAoM ke pazcima meM prAraMbha se hI bhautika jagat ko pradhAna mAnakara rAjanItika kriyA-kalApa bhI varNita rahate the| mahAbhArata ko isI artha meM aura sAmAjika itihAsa likhA gyaa| usI ko yathArtha aura itihAsa kahA gayA hai| vaijJAnika itihAsa kI saMjJA dI gaI aura hamAre purANa-itihAsapramukha jaina-itihAsakAra jinasena ne 'AdipurANa' meM itihAsa graMthoM ko kAlpanika aura anaitihAsika ghoSita kara diyA gyaa| grathA purANoM meM vaivasvata manu se lekara mahAbhArata-kAla taka ke rAjavaMzoM
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________________ -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha itihAsa. kI eka sau pIr3hiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jise isa laMbe aMtarAla ko dekhate hue kama batAkara vizvasanIya nahIM mAnA gyaa| kintu purANoM meM kevala rAjatantroM ko sammilita kiyA gayA usameM una gaNarAjyoM ke zAsana ko nahIM ginA gayA hai jo laMbe samaya taka calate rahe the| saMbhavataH purANoM meM kAlagata vyatikrama kA doSa isIlie AyA ho| bhUmidAna ke samaya dAnapatroM para dAtA rAjA kI vaMzAvalI likhe jAne kA ullekha yAjJavalya, bRhaspati aura vyAsa bhI karate haiM, lekina bAda meM vijetA zAsakoM ne isameM kATa-chA~Ta kiyA yA naSTa kiyaa| kaI vaMzAvaliyoM kA anya granthoM meM ullekha hai para ve grantha lupta ho gae jaise- asmAkavaMza, sasivaMza, kSemendrakRta nRpAvalI, helarAjakRta pArthivAvalI, 19 rAjakathA (kalhaNa dvArA ullikhita) aadi| bhAgyavaza atulakRta muzikavaMza evaM rudrakRta rASTravaMza surakSita hai| sArAMza yaha ki vaMzAvaliyA~ thIM para ve naSTa ho giiN| isalie kAlagaNanA meM vyatikrama ho gyaa| isIlie yaha kahanA ki yahA~ itihAsa hI nahIM thA yA yahA~ ke lekhakoM meM itihAsa-bodha nahIM thA, galata hai| vastuta: itihAsa-saMbaMdhI avadhAraNAoM kA yaha aMtara do saMskRtiyoM ke aMtara ke kAraNa hai| bhAratIya saMskRti saMzliSTa saMskRti hai aura aneka ko eka meM milAkara banI hai| saccA itihAsakAra ina bhedoM ke bhItara chipe aikya - vidhAyaka tattvoM ko pahacAnakara unakA udghATana karatA hai na ki bhAratIya mahAprajA ko niSAda, draviDa, kirAta, Arya Adi khaNDoM meM bA~Takara aneka spardhAtmaka saMgharSo ko janma detA hai| sacce itihAsakAra kI dRSTi meM bhAratIya itihAsa kA Adya devatA prajApati hai aura usakA ArAdhya tattva bhAratIya mahAprajA hai| isa akhaNDa tattva ko nahIM bhUlanA cAhie / bhAratIya dRSTi meM adhyAtma, darzana, jJAna aura saMskRti para vicAra karane ke lie ekatra mahAsabhA adhika aitihAsika ghaTanA thI na ki kisI rAjanetA kI mRtyu yA kisI zAsaka ke yuddha ityAdi kI ghttnaa| vaha itihAsa jo bhAratIya dRSTi se granthoM meM aMkita hai use pAzcAtya itihAsakAra itihAsa hI nahIM maante| unakI dRSTi meM mahAvIra kI dhArmika yAtrAoM yA gautama ke mahAbhiniSkramaNa se adhika mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA kolambasa kI yAtrA mAnI jAtI hai| eka kI yAtrA ananta kI khoja ke lie thI, dUsare kI dezoM para vijaya ke lie thI / saMskRtiyoM kA yahI bheda hai itihAsa-darzana aura usakI dRSTi meM aMtara utpanna karatA hai| Adhunika bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya itihAsakAroM dvArA rAjachatroM ke itihAsa para hI adhika dhyAna diyA jAtA hai / parantu saccA itihAsa prajA ke Adarzo ke utthAnapatana ke sAtha gatizIla hotA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki itihAsa saMbaMdhI avadhAraNAoM meM kAphI vaiSamya hai| kevala rAjanItika itihAsa hI sahI itihAsa nahIM hai| yA kevala bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa mAtra itihAsa nahIM aura na hI kevala rAjA, sAmaMta, rAjaputra yA rAjapuruSoM kA varNana hI itihAsa hai| itihAsa kA viSaya prajAtantra, prajA, unake utthAna - patana, Arthika aura sAMskRtika sthiti kA lekhAjokhA bhI hai| sI.eca. philipsa ne apanI pustaka meM eka mahattvapUrNa bAta kahI hai, vaha yaha ki 'isa grantha ke vibhinna khyAtilabdha vidvAna itihAsa-lekhana kI koI sarvasammata paribhASA nahIM de sake haiM 13 / merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yahI hogA ki ve bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa meM sAmaMjasya nahIM sthApita kara ske| uparyukta varNana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhArata meM itihAsa kI spaSTa avadhAraNA thii| isake pramANa meM eka bhAratIya 'itihAsakAra 'kalhaNa' ke vicAra adhika mahattvapUrNa aura prAsaMgika haiN| vaha kahatA hai ki itihAsakAra kA pavitra karttavya vyatIta yuga kA saccA citra pAThaka ke samakSa prastuta karanA hai| mithakIya amRta kisI eka vyakti ko amaratva pradAna kara sakatA hai, kintu aitihAsika satya ke lekhana dvArA itihAsakAra aneka mahApuruSoM ke sAtha svayaM ko bhI amara kara detA hai / itihAsakAra kA lakSaNa batAtA huA vaha kahatA hai ki anAsakta honA aura rAgadveSa se dUra rahanA itihAsakAra kA prathama guNa hai| samIkSAtmaka buddhi aura saMdehavAdI vicAraNA itihAsa-lekhaka ko prathama zreNI kA itihAsakAra banAte haiM14 kalhaNa ne unhIM AdarzoM ke anusAra kAphI khojabIna ke pazcAt kAzmIrI zAsakoM aura vahA~ kI yathArtha rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM ko AdhAra mAnakara itihAsa likhA / kintu prAyaH anya lekhakoM ne ina AdarzoM kA pAlana nahIM kiyaa| apane nAyaka ke guNoM ko likhane kI pravRtti, kAvyAtmaka kalpanA, kAla tathA tithikrama kI upekSA Adi ke kAraNa unake lekhana meM vaha udAtta rUpa nahIM milatA jo rAgadveSa se Upara uThakara, guNadoSa kA samyak vivecana karake tathA ghaTanAoM kA yathAtathya vivaraNa dekara kalhaNa ne apanI racanA meM prastuta kiyA hai| jaina racanAkAra bhI isa pravRtti se achUte nahIM rhe| unhoMne mahattvapUrNa pAtroM aura i54 For Private Personal Use Only tttttttt
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha itihAsausase saMbaMdhita ghaTanAoM ko dhArmika siddhAntoM ke dRSTAnta ke prAyaH lar3ate rhe| isa rAjanItika uthala-puthala ke kAraNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, jisake kAraNa ghaTanAe~ aura pAtra kramazaH rAjanItika abhilekha lagAtAra naSTa kie jAte rhe| dhArmika rur3ha hote gae aura aitihAsika tathya daba ge| udAharaNArtha-pajjota dRSTikoNa evaM dhArmika sAhitya Adi ko bhaNDAra Adi meM surakSita (pradyota), biMbasAra, ajAtazatru aura naravAhana Adi kI kathAeM rakhane ke kAraNa prAyaH ve bace rahe kintu muslima-Agamana ke prAyaH isI rUpa meM prastuta hotI rahIM? isa prakAra itihAsa-graMtha sAtha sthiti bhinna ho gii| isake viparIta tibbata, nepAla aura kramazaH mithaka yA lIjeNDa banate ge| kintu isa AdhAra para kAzmIra Adi dUra dezoM meM jahA~ niraMtara yuddha Adi nahIM hue vahA~ yaha kathana ki hamAre yahA~ itihAsa-grantha nahIM likhe gae yA rAjanItika itihAsa bhI bacA rahA jo yaha siddha karane ke lie ekamAtra itihAsa grantha kalhaNa-kRta rAjataraMgiNI hI likhA gayA, kAphI hai ki yahA~ itihAsa-graMthoM kI racanA to huI para ve naSTa kara galata hogaa| diye gye| isIlie bhAratIya Adarza itihAsakAra kA pratinidhitva bhArata meM vizaddha rUpa se itihAsa granthoM kI kamI ke kaI akele kalhaNa hI karatA hai| purANoM meM ullikhita rAjavaMzoM ke kAraNa haiN| yahA~ atIta kI smRti itihAsa ke rUpa meM nahIM rakhI __ AdhAra para deza kA rASTrIya itihAsa aura isakA vikAsa prAcIna gii| hamane atIta ke do prakAra mAne haiN| eka mRta atIta jaise ko evaM madhyakAlIna bhArata ke niraMtara badalate mAnacitra para pradarzita vyakti aura ghaTanAe~ Adi, dUsarA jIvanta atIta arthAt prNpraaeN| karanA bhA karanA bhI kaThina thaa| isalie samagra rASTrIya itihAsa aura usakA bhArata meM paraMparAoM kI surakSA kA prayAsa itihAsa likhakara nahIM vikAsa kadAcit na likhA jA sakA ho aura alaga-alaga pratyuta kriyAtmaka stara para sabako paraMparA kI surakSA meM sahabhAgI rAjyoM aura pradezoM para AdhArita kAvya-zailI meM granthoM kA likhA banAkara kiyA gyaa| itihAsa-granthoM meM gar3abar3I kA eka kAraNa jAnA hI saMbhava huA ho| sArvabhauma cakravartI samrAToM kA ullekha yaha bhI thA ki aitihAsika granthoM ko samaya-samaya para parivartita avazya kiyA gayA aura aise hI samrAToM kI vIra gAthAe~ purANoM parivarddhita kiyA gayA, para prAcIna mUla pATha ko navIna parivarddhana meM saMkalita haiN| bAda ke lekhakoM ne kumArapAla-carita, vikramAMka se alaga nahIM kiyA gyaa| parivarddhanakartA aura mUla lekhaka kA deva-carita Adi kI taraha vyaktigata rAjAoM kA AkhyAna yA paricaya bhI kaI sthaloM para alaga-alaga nahIM dene se kati evaM itivRtta likhA jisameM kramaza: itihAsa purAkathA banatA gayA hai| kRtikAra meM ghapalA huaa| isI prakAra itihAsa-granthoM meM se jaina lekhakoM dvArA isa prakAra kI tamAma racanAe~ kI gaI. aitihAsika evaM anaitihAsika ghaTanAoM ko chA~Takara alaga nahIM jinameM cAlukyoM, cAvar3oM, paramAroM, pAloM Adi kA itihAsa kiyA gyaa| itihAsakAroM ne itihAsa-lekhana se adhika purANa, caritakAvya, caupaI, prabaMdha Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| kAvyalekhana ko varIyatA dii| yahI nahIM artha aura rAjazakti kI kumArapAlacarita, dvayAzrayakAvya, pariziSTaparvan, sukRta-saMkIrtana, apekSA mokSa aura dharmazakti ko adhika mahattva dene ke kAraNa kIrti-kaumudI, prabhAvakacarita, prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi Adi racanAoM hamAre yahA~ sekyulara sAhitya kI tulanA meM dhArmika aura meM rAjAoM, mahAtmAoM aura tIrthaMkaroM tathA zalAkApuruSoM kA AdhyAtmika sAhitya hI adhika likhe ge| itihAsa-grathoM kI itihAsa kalpanA aura jaina siddhAnta ke raMga meM raMgakara prastuta kamI kA kAraNa unakA kama likhA jAnA to hai hI para isake kiyA gayA hai| inameM kathA yA kAvya kA AnaMda utpanna karane ke anya kaI kAraNa bhI haiN| yadi rAjataraMgiNI jaisI aitihAsika lie yathArtha ghaTanAoM aura aitihAsika tathyoM ko manoraMjaka racanA kAzmIra meM likhI jA sakatI thI to anyatra bhI avazya banAne kI dRSTi se tor3A-maror3A gyaa| yaha sabhI prAcIna bhAratIya hI likhI gayI hogii| rAjanItika racanAoM aura abhilekhoM kA itihAsakAroM para lAgU hotA hai, kevala jaina itihAsakAra hI 'uttara bhArata meM ekabAragI lopa hone kA pramukha kAraNa kamboDiyA, apavAda nahIM hai| aitihAsika prabaMdhakAvya, caritakAvya, jIvaniyoM jAvA kI taraha vijetA rAjavaMzoM yA rAjAoM dvArA vijita kA pracalana pUrva madhyakAla meM adhika huA jisameM jainoM kA rAjA ke abhilekhoM ko naSTa karanA bhI rahA hai| kAzmIra yogadAna mahattvapUrNa hai| bANakRta harSacarita isakA prAraMbhika pramANa Adi sudUra prAMtoM kI apekSA uttara bhArata aura madhya bhArata para hai| yaha aitihAsika kAvya mAnA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAn ise barAbara AkramaNa hote rahe aura dezI rAje-rajavAr3e bhI Apasa meM pUrNatayA aitihAsika nahIM maante| vastutaH satya do prakAra kA saagrrrrrrsaarsaagrsaageno 55gvaaru aNdrurururururrsaarsaagrNloo *
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha itihAsamAnA gayA hai, eka nirapekSa satya aura dUsarA sApekSa satya (nAma, saMzliSTa saMracanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| rUpa Adi) jo niraMtara parivartanIya hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi itihAsa kA adhyayana karane ke lie saMzleSaNAtmaka dRSTi na sAtha meM itihAsa kA saMbaMdha isI dUsare darje ke satya se hai| yaha mAnya hI vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi bhI Avazyaka hai isalie donoM dRSTiyoM meM tathya hai ki bhAratIyoM ne prathama koTi ke satya para adhika bala sAmaMjasya baiThAe binA itihAsa kA adhyayana sambhava nahIM ho diyA, isalie donoM kI itihAsa-saMbaMdhI avadhAraNAoM meM bar3A sktaa| kisI deza kA prAmANika itihAsa likhane ke lie eka aMtara hai| unhoMne itihAsa kA artha kevala rAjanItika ghaTanAoM samanvita aura samagra dRSTikoNa ko AdhAra mAnakara calanA upayogI kA varNana aura rAjyoM ke utthAna-patana kI kathA hI nahIM mAnA hai, kyoMki itihAsa eka tarapha to ghaTanAoM kA vaijJAnika vivecana thaa| itihAsa kisI rASTra athavA samAja dvArA apane atIta meM karane ke lie vastuniSTha adhyayana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, vahIM mUlyavAna samajhI jAne vAlI dharohara kI rakSA kA samucita dUsarI ora ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA meM vyAkhyAtA kA nijI dRSTikoNa sAdhana hai| padmaguptakRta navasAhasAMkacarita, vAkpatirAjakRta bhI mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| gauDavaho, azvaghoSakRta buddhacarita, merutuMgakRta prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi, isa kasauTI para hama dekheM to aneka jaina-grantha paryApta vilhaNakRta vikramAMkadevacarita Adi grantha bhAratIya dRSTi se samarthita aitihAsika mahattva ke siddha hote haiN| jaise--nandIsUtra, kalpasUtra, ra itihAsa hai| harivaMzapurANa, tiloyapaNNatti, pariziSTaparvana, dvayAzrayakAvya, itihAsa kI prAcIna evaM Adhunika paribhASA kA samanvaya kumArapAlacarita, kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita aadi| isI krama meM karate hue bI.esa. ApTe ne apane saMskRt-hindI koza meM jo somezvarakRta kIrti-kaumudI, arisiMhakRta sukRta-saMkIrtana,somaprabha paribhASA dI hai, vaha paryApta saMtoSajanaka hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki kRta kumArapAlapratibodha Adi bhI ullekhanIya hai| jaina-prabaMdhoM itihAsa se abhiprAya una vyatIta ghaTanAoM se hai, jo kathAyukta meM jinacandrakRta prabaMdhAvalI, prabhAcaMdra-kRta prabhAvakacarita, merutuMga hoM tathA dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA saMdeza deN5| bhAratIya kRta prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi aura rAjazekharakRta prabandhakoza kI itihAsa itihAsa kA samyak lekhana bhAratIya samAja aura saMskRti kI ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa mAnyatA hai| ina granthoM se sAtavAhanoM, cAhamAnoM, cAlukyoM, cAvaDoM, paramAroM Adi kA itihAsa jJAta hotA hai| sandarbha 1. bI.esa.pAThaka, enziyanTa hisTAriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, pR. 3 2. kauTilyakRta arthazAstra, anu. - sAmazAstrI, khaNDa - 1, tRtIya adhyAya, pR. 7-10 3. itihAsa svarUpa aura siddhAnta, sampA. - DaoN. govinda candra pANDeya, pR 52 4. bI.esa. pAThaka, enziyanTa hisTAriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, pR. 2 5. arthazAstra, khaNDa 1, tRtIya adhyAya, pR. 7-10 6. bI.esa. pAThaka, enziyanTa hisTAriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, 9. bhAratIya itihAsa-lekhana kI bhUmikA, anu. - pro. jagannAtha agravAla pR., 21 10. bI.esa. pAThaka, enziyanTa hisTAriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, pR 19 11. AdipurANa1/24-25 12. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, itihAsadarzana, pR. 1 13. sI.eca.philipsa, hisTAriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, pAkistAna va silona, prastAvanA, pR. 1 14. vahI, pR. 21 15. bI.esa.ApTe - saMskRta-hindI koza 7. DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, itihAsadarzana, pR. 7 8. sI.eca. philipsa, hisTAriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, pAkistAna va silona pR. 15 - 16
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________________ vaidika evaM zramaNa-vAGmaya meM nArI-zikSA DaoN. sunItA kumArI.... bI.esa.ema.kaoNleja, rur3akI kSA prApta karanA eka svAbhAvika prakriyA hai| isa prakriyA athavA brahma-prApti hai| vastutaH zikSA kA yahI vAstavika svarUpa za meM samAja ke sabhI sadasya sahabhAgI bana sakate haiN| isameM hai| brahma vaha carama sattA hai jisameM samasta bhAsamAna jagat parivyApta kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM honA cAhie, paraMtu durbhAgyavaza isa hai| zikSA ke dvArA isa brahma ko prApta kara manuSya samasta saMsAra kSetra meM vividha prakAra ke bheda kie gae haiN| kabhI janma ke AdhAra ko apane guNoM se parivyApta kara detA hai| para, kabhI varNa ke AdhAra para, kabhI karma ke AdhAra para isa . manuSya ke samakSa laukika evaM AdhyAtmika ye do prakAra prakAra ke vibhinna bheda zikSA ke kSetra meM mila jAte haiN| yadyapi ina kI AvazyakatAe~ rahatI haiN| ina donoM kI samyaka parti karanA sabake kaI kAraNa batAe jAte haiM, lekina Aja ye mAnyatAe~ manuSya kA dharma hai| zikSA manuSya ko usake isa dharma se avagata lagabhaga samAptaprAya ho gaI haiN| Aja jo bhI vyakti zikSA grahaNa karAtI hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kahA gayA hai| - jJAna (zikSA) kI karanA cAhatA hai, vaha vividha prakAra kI zikSAoM ko prApta kara pratiSThA banAe rakhanA vyakti kA naitika dharma hai| svAdhyAya evaM sakatA hai| nArI-zikSA bhI Aja eka jvalaMta prazna hai| prAcInakAla pravacana se manaSya kA citta ekAgra ho jAtA hai| vaha svataMtra bana se lekara Aja taka striyoM ne zikSA-jagat ke vibhinna kSetroM meN| jAtA hai| nitya use dhana prApta hotA hai| vaha sukha se sotA hai| vaha apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| sabhI ne usakI buddhimattA apanA parama cikitsaka bana jAtA hai| vaha iMdriyoM para saMyama rakhane aura kuzalatA ko sarAhA hai| lekina yahA~ aise udAharaNoM kI bhI kI kalA se avagata ho jAtA hai| usakI prajJA bar3hatI hai| vaha yaza kamI nahIM hai, jahA~ striyoM ko zikSA grahaNa karane se rokA gayA hai| ko prApta karatA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa kA yaha kathana zikSA ke unakI pratibhA ko dabAkara unakI bhAvanAoM ko kuNThita karane svarUpa ko spaSTa kara detA hai| yahA~ zikSA iMdriyasaMyama, yazavRddhi, kA prayatna huA hai| inake cAhe jo bhI kAraNa rahe hoM, paraMtu bhA kAraNa raha hA, paratu prajAvaTi f prajJAvRddhi, citta-ekAgra tathA naitika dharma ina sabako prApta karAne sAmAjika suvyavasthA hetu striyoM kA zikSita honA atyaMta kI mAmaya se yaka nA atyata kI sAmarthya se yukta mAnI gaI hai| ina vividha rUpoM meM zikSA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki vAstava meM striyoM ko hI gRhasthI kI manuSya ko laukika sukha ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika sukha bhI suvyavasthita saMcAlikA evaM samAja kI nIti-nirdezikA hone prApta karAtI hai| kyoMki zatapatha brAhmaNa meM zikSA ko dhana prApta kA gaurava prApta hai| karAne vAlA evaM sukhapUrvaka nidrA dilAne vAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| zikSA kA svarUpa jaina-paraMparA meM zikSA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA zikSA kA artha 'sIkhanA' hai| sIkhane kI yaha prakriyA gayA hai| - zikSA manuSya ko pUrNa karane vAlI kAmadhenu hai| zikSA manuSya ke janma lene se hI prAraMbha ho jAtI hai aura mRtyaparyaMta hI ciMtAmaNi hai| zikSA hI dharma hai tathA kAmarUpa phala se rahita calatI rahatI hai| usakI sIkhane kI yaha pravRtti hI use susaMskRta sampadAoM kI paraMparA utpanna karatI hai| zikSA hI manuSya kA baMdhu banAtI hai aura vaha naiSThika AcaraNa kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| hai, zikSA hI mitra hai, zikSA hI kalyANa karane vAlI hai, zikSA hI usakI yaha pravRtti usake vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka hone ke sAtha- sAtha le jAne vAlA dhana hai aura zikSA hI saba prayojanoM ko siddha sAtha usakI sAmAjika abhivRtti kA bhI paricaya detI hai| karane vAlI hai| manuSya apane Apa meM kabhI pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA, prAcInakAla meM bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne manuSya kI AdhyAtmika lekina zikSA usakI apUrNatA ko dUra kara use pUrNa banAtI hai| vRtti ko usake vyaktitva-nirmANa evaM sAmAjika abhipreraNA manuSya ke samakSa vividha prakAra kI samasyAe~ rahatI haiM, jinheM vaha kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai, jisakI aMtima pariNati mokSa, kaivalya hala nahIM kara pAtA hai| paraMtu zikSA use eka aisA mAdhyama pradAna sansariwaridrodroidnidiadridriomsudridairandir 57 amiridrinsidiariramidniridiaridridabadridda
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa karatI hai, jisakI sahAyatA se vaha apane manorathoM ko pUrNa karatA hai / manorathoM kA jAla bahuta ghanA hai| Asakti ise aura bhI kaThina banA sakatI hai| zikSA manuSya ko isakA bodha karAtI hai aura vyakti anAsakta bhAva se apane prayojanoM ko pUrNa karatA hai / usakI yahI anAsakti kAmarUpa phala se rahita sampadAoM kI paraMparA utpanna karatI hai| zikSA eka sAmAjika saMvidA hai| yaha manuSya ko samAja dvArA svIkRta mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM se avagata karAtI hai| yaha manuSya kI mAnasika jijJAsAoM ko zAMta rakhane kA mArga sulabha karAtI hai| jina para calakara vaha vividha prakAra ke kalA-kauzala kA jJAna prApta karatA hai / vaha jitanA hI adhika isa dizA meM agrasara hotA hai, utanA hI adhika sUkSma jJAna prApta karatA jAtA hai| zikSA ke kAraNa usake aMtarmana ke cakSu itane adhika vikasita ho jAte haiM, ki vaha vibhinna prakAra ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karane lagatA hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki zikSA ke samAna koI tIkSNa cakSu nahIM hai| zikSA kI yaha tIkSNatA hI usakI zakti hai| usakI zakti kI isa paridhi se saMsAra kA koI bhI tattva bAhara nahIM jA sktaa| sampUrNa tattvoM kA digdarzana zikSA ke dvArA saMbhava hai / isIlie jJAna (zikSA) ko manuSya kA tRtIya netra kahA jAtA hai, jo sabhI prakAra ke tattvoM ke digdarzana kI kSamatA rakhatA hai|" jJAna (zikSA) vyakti meM zakti kA saMcAra karatA hai, jisakI sahAyatA se vaha yathArtha - ayathArtha, samyak asamyak tattvoM ke svarUpa se avagata hotA hai| vaha isa stara para apane ko pratiSThApita kara letA hai ki heya-upAdeya ke bIca aMtara sthApita kara ske| prakAza aura aMdhakAra mAnava jIvana ke do virodhI pakSa haiN| prAyaH manuSya prakAza ko hI apanAnA cAhatA hai| aMdhakAra ko ajJAna athavA azikSA kA paryAya mAnA gayA hai| zikSA ke dvArA ajJAnarUpI isa aMdhakAra ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai| isIlie bahudhA yaha kahA gayA hai ki manuSya ko zikSA rUpI prakAza se yukta honA caahie| zikSA kA yaha prakAza mAnava jIvana meM mUlabhUta parivartana lA sakatA hai| vaha use caramapada para ArUr3ha karA sakatA hai| Atma-sAkSAtkAra karA sakatA hai / dazavaikAlika meM kahA gayA hai. 6 -- AtmA ko dharma meM sthApita karane ke lie adhyayana karanA cAhie / adhyayana zikSA kA avibhAjya aMga hai| binA adhyayana kie zikSA kI prApti zAyada hI saMbhava ho| cAhe yaha pAraMparika vidhi se grahaNa kiyA gayA ho athavA gaira paraMparAgata vidhi se| AtmA ko dharma meM sthita kie binA Atma-sAkSAtkAra saMbhava nahIM hai| Atma-sAkSAtkAra kie binA caramapada bhI nahIM pAyA jA sakatA hai| ataH ajJAnarUpI aMdhakAra ko dUra karane aura caramapada kI abhilASA rakhane vAloM ko zikSA rUpI prakAza se yukta honA caahie| yahA~ caramapada se hamArA tAtparya manuSya kI usa avasthA se hai, jahA~ vaha, pUrNa jJAnI hai| ataH use samasta prakAra ke bodhoM se yukta honA caahie| vaha parama satya kI jyoti kA sAkSAtkAra karane kI avasthA se yukta ho| isa rUpa meM zikSA kA vyApaka artha mAnA jAtA hai tathA isakI eka vizeSa vidhi bhI mAnya kI gaI hai| yaha vidhi hai zravaNa, manana aura nividhyAsana / isa vidhi ko apanAkara vyakti pUrNa bodha se yukta ho jAtA hai / vaha parama satya kI jyoti kA sAkSAtkAra karane lagatA hai| vaha apane svarUpa meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai| vaha Atmadharma kI avasthA se avagata hone lagatA hai| usake jIvana kA parama lakSya kyA hai? vaha kauna hai? Adi kitane hI mahattvapUrNa praznoM ke samAdhAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| thor3e zabdoM meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki zikSA kA eka rUpa manuSya ko usake parama lakSya yA dhyeya se avagata karAnA bhI hai| uparyukta ciMtana zikSA ke vividha rUpoM ko spaSTa karatA hai, jo isake vibhinna pakSoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| zikSA ke nimna likhita svarUpa ho sakate haiM-- 1. mUlyoM aura sAmAjika mAnyatAoM kA nirdhAraNa karane vAlI eka sAmAjika prakriyA, 2 . manuSya ko usake karttavyoM se avagata karAne vAlI eka vidhi, 3. ajJAnarUpI aMdhakAra ko dUra kara vividha prakAra ke kalA, kauzala, vijJAna evaM takanIka se manuSya ko samRddha karane vAlI kriyA, 4. manuSya ko sAMsArika vaibhava, sukha-samRddhi pradAna karAne vAlI prakriyA, 5. manuSya ke aMtaH aura bAhya vyaktitva kA nirmANa, 6. AdhyAtmika unnati kA mArga prazasta karane vAlI kriyAe~, 7. manuSya ko AtmasvarUpa meM sthita karanA, 8. parama satya kI jyoti kA sAkSAtkAra karAnA aadi| pratyeka rUpa meM zikSA manuSya ke lie atyaMta upayogI hai, jisakA mukhya prayojana manuSya ko laukika evaM pAralaukika sukha pradAna karanA hai| Grasand he Jaermere SMS
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________________ -- yatIndrasari mAraka granya- itihAsa - zikSA kA sAdhana strI, anagAra avasthA ko prApta karane ko icchaka nArI tathA zikSA eka prakriyA hai, jo grahaNa kI jAtI hai| grahaNa karane sAMsArika jIvana kI duHkhamayatA ke kAraNa isase trANa pAne vAlI mahilAoM ko praveza diyA jAtA thaa| aisI striyoM ko yahA~ kI prakriyA zizu ke janma se prAraMbha hokara mRtyuparyaMta calatI rahatI hai| zikSA ke sAtha bhI yahI hotA hai| bAlaka kisI kula yA zAstrIya zikSA kA jJAna pradAna karAyA jAtA thaa| isa saMgha meM praveza kI anicchuka striyoM ko niyamita zAstrIya zikSA nahIM dI parivAra meM janma letA hai aura vahI parivAra usakI prathama yA prAraMbhika zikSAzAlA hotI hai| zikSA kA prAraMbhika jJAna parivAra jAtI thii|12 tAtparya yaha hai ki zramaNaparaMparA meM prAyaH unhIM striyoM meM prApta karane ke bAda eka vizeSa kAla meM zizu bAhya jagat meM ko zAstrIya zikSA dI jAtI thI jo sAMsArika avasthA ko tyAgakara banI huI vibhinna zAlAoM meM praveza lekara vividha prakAra kI saMnyAsamaya jIvana ko apanA letI thIM yA apanAne ko udyata vidyAoM kA jJAna prApta karatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM zikSA kI rahatI thiiN| / maukhika paraMparA calA karatI thI aura vidyArthI smRti ke AdhAra para striyoM ke zikSA grahaNa karane ke saMbaMdha meM vaidika paraMparA meM zikSA grahaNa karate the| vaidika yuga meM RSikula kI paraMparA thI aura zramaNa-paraMparA kI ina vidhiyoM kA anupAlana nahIM hotA thaa| RSigaNa apane patroM ko maukhika zikSA diyA karate the| zikSA kI yahA~ striyA~ eka hI avasthA meM saMsArika evaM zAstrIya donoM yaha paraMparA pArivArika saMsthA ke rUpa meM sthApita thii| zikSA grahaNa kara sakatI thiiN| yahA~ striyA~-sadyovadha evaM brahmavAdinI pArivArika zikSA-dAna kI yaha paraMparA bahuta kAla taka ina do rUpoM meM zikSA grahaNa kara sakatI thiiN| sadyovadhu vivAha ke calatI rhii| bAda meM yajJa-vidhAnoM tathA isI taraha kI anya pUrva vaivAhika jIvana kI AvazyakatAnusAra kucha maMtroM kA adhyayana jaTilatAoM ke kAraNa gurukuloM kI sthApanA huii| inameM RSi - kara letI thI, jabaki brahmavAdinI apanI zikSA ko pUrNa karake hI putroM ke sAtha-sAtha samAja ke anya loga bhI zikSA grahaNa karane vivAha karatI thii| yajJavalkya RSi kI do patniyA~ thIM-maitreyI aura kaatyaaynii| maitreyI jahA~ brahmavAdinI thI vahIM kAtyAyanI lge| ina gurukuloM meM zAstrIya zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika gRhsthdhrmaa|3 yahA~ vaidika aura zramaNa paraMparA kA aMtara spaSTa dAyitva kA bhI jJAna vidyArthiyoM ko karAyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi gurukuloM meM bAlakoM ko hI zikSA dI jAtI thI, paraMtu yahA~ kanyAe~ parilakSita hotA hai| zramaNaparaMparA meM jahA~ saMnyAsa mArga kI ora pravRtta strI ko zAstrIya zikSA dene kA prAvadhAna hai, vahIM vaidika bhI zikSA prApta karatI thiiN| ve vidyAgrahaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha zAstroM kI bhI racanA kiyA karatI thiiN| isa anukrama meM vizvavArA, paraMparA meM gRhastha aura pArivArika jIvana bitAne vAlI strI bhI ghoSA, lopAmudrA Adi vizvavizruta nAriyoM kA udAharaNa prastuta zAstrIya zikSA se yukta hotI hai| kiyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne vaidika (Rgveda) maMtroM kI racanA vaidika paraMparA meM striyoM ko pArivArika saMsthA ke sAthakI thii| zAstra-racanA ke sAtha-sAtha striyA~ adhyApana kArya bhI sAtha gurukuloM meM bhejakara zAstrIya jJAna kI zikSA dI jAtI thii| kiyA karatI thiiN| adhyayana-kArya meM rata rahane vAlI ina striyoM prAyaH ise eka Avazyaka kArya mAnA jAtA thaa| lekina zramaNa ko upAdhyAyA kahA jAtA thaa| ye striyA~ strIzAlAoM kA saMcAlana -paraMparA meM vizeSarUpa se bauddha yuga ke prAraMbhika kAla taka nArI kiyA karatI thIM, jinameM bAlikAe~ vividha prakAra kI zikSA zikSA kA pracalana samAptaprAya ho gayA thaa| strI ko vivAha ke grahaNa karatI thiiN| pUrva aura pazcAt kevala kuzala gRhiNI banane kI hI zikSA dI vaidika paraMparA kI bhAMti zramaNa-paraMparA meM bhI zikSA kI jAtI thii| isakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha thA ki usa kAla meM striyoM maukhika vidhi hI svIkRti thii| yahA~ bhI zikSA kA hastAMtaraNa ko dI jAne vAlI zAstrIya zikSA nirarthaka samajhI jAtI thii|15 pArivArika evaM pAramparika rUpa meM calatA thaa| oghaniyukti meM prAyaH saMnyAsa-mArga kI ora pravRtta tathA bhikSuNI banane vAlI yaha ullekha milatA hai ki eka vaidya apanI mRtyu ke pUrva vaidyaka striyoM ko hI bhikSuNI-saMgha meM zAstrocita jJAna diyA jAtA thaa| vidyA apanI putrI ko sikhA gayA thaa|11 zramaNa-paraMparA meM zramaNa-sAhitya meM kucha aise bhI udAharaNa milate haiM, jahA~ isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vaidika paraMparA kI bhA~ti zramaNabhikSuNI-saMgha eka mahattvapUrNa saMsthA thii| isa saMgha meM anAzritA
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________________ - yatIndasUrismAraka grandha - itihAsaparaMparA meM bhI striyAM gurukula meM zikSA grahaNa karatI thiiN| rUpa meM upalabdha ho jAtA hai, jabaki zramaNagraMthoM meM pAThabheda milatA hai| isake pIche pramukha kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai--zramaNa zikSaNa-vidhi -paraMparA meM lokabhASA kA pryog| lokabhASA sthAna-sthAna para zikSA prApta kI jAtI hai aura ise prApta karane ke lie parivartanIya rahI hai| phalasvarUpa zramaNa-paraMparA ke graMtha isa parivartana vizeSa prakAra kI vidhi apanAI jAtI hai| zikSaNa-vidhi meM se prabhAvita hae aura unameM paryApta pAThabheda milatA hai| yahI lekhana aura maukhikI donoM prakAra kI prakriyAe~ svIkRta haiN| pAThabheda zramaNa-sAhitya kI apanI vizeSatA hai jo use tatkAlika lekhana athavA maukhikI donoM meM hI bhASA kA prayoga hotA hai| lokabhASA kA pratinidhitva karane kA gaurava pradAna karatI hai| prAcInakAla meM jaba lekhana-kalA kA aviSkAra nahIM ho pAyA . uparyukta ciMtana ke AdhAra para hama prAcIna zikSaNa-vidhi thA, vaidika evaM zramaNa donoM hI paraMparAoM meM maukhika vidhi kA , ke vividha pratirUpoM tathA apanAI jAne vAlI bhASAoM ko prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| zikSaNa-vidhi smRti para AdhArita thii| . nimna rUpa meM prastuta kara sakate haiM-- bhASA ke prayoga ke rUpa meM jahA~ vaidika paraMparA meM prAyaH saMskRtaniSTha zabdoM kA upayoga hotA thA vahIM zramaNa-paraMparA meM lokabhASA * maukhika evaM smRti-AdhArita zikSA vya (prAkRta, pAli Adi) apanAI jAtI thii| lekhana-kalA kA sUtrAtmaka zailI aviSkAra hone ke bAda bhI yahI paraMparA calatI rhii| pariNAmasvarUpa * kathA evaM dRSTAnta-vidhi vaidika paraMparA kA adhisaMkhya sAhitya saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai, jabaki zramaNa-paraMparA ke graMtha prAkRta aura pAlI bhASA meM milate * upadezamUlaka zikSA haiN| bAda meM zramaNa-graMtha bhI saMskRta bhASA meM race gae, lekina use * saMskRta evaM zramaNa-sAhitya para vaidikoM kA prabhAva hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| * lokabhASA (pAlI, prAkRta Adi) prAcIna kAla meM sampUrNa zikSA maukhika aura smRti ke AdhAra para calatI thii| isalie use isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA sahazikSA . jAtA thA AsAnI se yAda kiyA jA ske| bAta ko ati zikSA zAlAoM meM grahaNa kI jAtI hai aura ise bAlaka evaM saMkSipta aura sUtrarUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA thaa| tAki use usI bAlikAe~ donoM prApta karate haiN| ataeva hamAre samakSa isake lie rUpa meM smRti meM rakhA jA ske| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAraMbhika eka vyavasthA banAne kI samasyA AtI hai aura isake tIna saMbhAvita sAhitya, maMtra, sUtra Adi saMkSipta rUpa meM milate haiN| viSayoM ko prArUpa ho sakate haiM--1. puruSa-zikSA-zAlA, 2. strI-zikSAkathAoM ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA thA, jisake kAraNa zAlA aura 3. mitr-shikssaa-shaalaa| zikSA-zAlAoM kI ye tInoM mUla tattvoM ko kathA-prasaMgoM ke sAtha yAda rakhanA adhika sagama hI vyavasthAe~ Aja mAnya haiN| vaidika evaM zramaNa-paraMparA meM zikSA hotA thaa| viSaya-vastuoM ko laukika dRSTAMtoM athavA jIvana ke zAlAoM kI kyA vyavasthA thI? kyA Aja kI hI bhA~ti usa prasaMgoM ke sAtha tulanA karake pratipAdita kiyA jAtA thaa| ataH kAla meM bhI yahI tInoM vyavasthAe~ mAnya thIM athavA kucha aura bAda ke grantha vivaraNAtmaka zailI meM race gae jinameM satroM kI vyavasthA svIkRta thI, Adi prazroM para vicAra karanA hai| vyAkhyA, kathAnakoM aura dRSTAMtoM ke prayoga Adi hote the| sahazikSA se hamArA tAtparya zikSA-prApti kI usa vyavasthA prAya: prAcIna kAla meM donoM hI paraMparAoM meM upadezamalaka se hai, jahA~ strI-puruSa eka sAtha zikSA grahaNa karate hoN| sahazikSA zikSaNa-paddhati svIkAra kI jAtI thii| paraMta donoM kI vidhiyoM meM kI yaha vyavasthA prAcInakAla meM bhI mAnya thI aura Aja bhI aMtara thaa| vaidikoM ne zabdoM ko yathAvata rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA pracalati hai| kucha ciMtakoM ne ise zreSTha mAnA hai, jabaki katipaya jabaki zramaNa-paraMparA meM zabdoM kI jagaha artha ko pradhAna mAnA vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM yaha ucita nahIM hai| unake matAnusAra sahazikSA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhI vaidika sAhitya apane mUla bAlaka-bAlikAoM ke saMskAra ko vikRta kara detI hai| unakA anoramidnirankaridwordsranirankarirandirdmiriranird-[ 60 drinidiridwidwordwarawiniantanoraridwardrdrawer
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________________ -- yatIndrasUri smAraka anya itihAsa --- yaha mata hai ki zikSA kI yaha vyavasthA chAtroM ko zikSA-prApti ke adhyAtmajJAna Adi rUpoM meM zikSA kI vibhinna koTiyA~ haiN| paraMtu mala uddezyoM se virata kara detI hai| ve viparIta-liMgoM ke sAmAnya agara sthUla rUpa meM zikSA ko vargIkRta kiyA jAe to yaha do AkarSaNa meM ba~dha jAte haiN| ve saMskAroM ko grahaNa karane kI rUpoM meM vibhAjita hogii| prathama laukika athavA vyavahArika apekSA kasaMskAroM se adhika Abaddha ho jAte haiN| ise pUrNataH zikSA aura dvitIya AdhyAtmika shikssaa| zilpa, nRtya, gAyana, satya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| kucha ApavAdika udAharaNoM ko vAdana, cikitsA Adi laukika zikSA hai, jabaki tattvajJAna, chor3akara bahusaMkhya pratibhAoM ko sahazikSA kI hI dena mAnA jA AtmavidyA, IzvaramImAMsA Adi AdhyAtmika zikSA hai| manuSya sakatA hai| ke lie ye donoM hI Avazyaka haiN| jahA~ laukika zikSA manuSya gurukula jinheM prAcIna kAla meM zikSA dene vAlI pramukha kI jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti meM sahAyaka hotI hai, vahIM saMsthA kA gaurava prApta hai, prAyaH bAlakoM ko hI praveza milatA AdhyAtmika zikSA manuSya ko parama upAdeya ke saMbaMdha meM batAtI thaa| nArI-jAti meM janma lenA yahA~ praveza se vaMcita rahane kI hai| eka sAMsArika sukha evaM yaza pradAna karatI hai to dasarI ekamAtra ayogyatA thii| lekina bAda meM isa dizA meM malabhata pAralaukika sukha prApti kA sAdhana banatI hai| bhAratIya paraMparA meM parivartana hue aura kanyAoM kA bhI praveza gurukuloM meM hone lgaa| saloM ko zikSA kA yahI utsa mAnA gayA hai| yahIM se sahazikSA rUpI zAlA kA prAraMbha mAnA gyaa| vaidika zikSA cAhe vyavahArika ho athavA AdhyAtmika donoM ke vAGmaya meM sahazikSA kI sthiti para prakAza DAlane ke lie lie vyakti ko svayaM prayAsa karanA par3atA hai| AdhyAtmika AcArya bhavabhUtikRta uttararAmacarita kA dRSTAMta prastuta kiyA jA zikSA ke lie saMyamita AcaraNa tathA karmabaMdhanoM ko alpa sakatA hai| vAlmIki-Azrama meM AtreyI lava-kuza ke sAtha karane vAlI vizeSa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA Azraya liyA jAtA zikSA prApta karatI thii| bAda meM vaha agastya muni ke Azrama meM hai| dUsarI tarapha vyavahArika zikSA ke phira vividha prakAra ke zikSA-grahaNa hetu praveza letI hai| do muniyoM ke AzramoM meM strI karma karane par3ate haiM, jo prAyaH karmabaMdhanoM ko dRr3ha karate haiN| isa jAti ko jisa prakAra zikSA dI jA rahI hai vaha sahazikSA kI prakAra kI zikSA-prApti meM vyakti svArtha evaM kaSAya se grasta ho uttama vyavasthA kI sUcaka avazya mAnI jA sakatI hai| sakatA hai| ina pravRttiyoM se mukta rakhane ke lie vyakti ko jahA~ taka zramaNa-paraMparA kI bAta hai to yahA~ vaidika AdhyAtmika zikSA dI jAtI hai jisake AdhAra para samAja meM paraMparA kI taraha striyoM ko zikSita nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| prAyaH eka naitika vyavasthA kA nirmANa hotA hai| yaha naitika vyavasthA kanyAoM ko gRhasthI saMbaMdhI zikSA kA jJAna karAyA jAtA thA, samAja kI unnati kA mArga prazasta karatI hai aura isa para ArUr3ha jise ve apane parivAra meM sIkha letI thiiN| yahA~ prAyaH kanyA se hokara vyakti laukika evaM pAralaukika donoM hI prakAra ke sukhoM yahI apekSA kI jAtI thI ki vaha gArhastha-zikSA meM nipuNatA kA upabhoga karane kI kSamatA prApta karatA hai| prApta kara le| zAstrIya zikSA ko unake jIvana meM vizeSakara gArhasthya, lalitakalA, nRtyakalA, citrakalA, gAyana, vAdana, laukika jIvana meM kucha bhI mahattva nahIM diyA jAtA thaa| lekina zilpa, rAjanIti, vaidyaka Adi jIvanopayogI zikSAoM ko -zramaNa paraMparA meM gurukula jaisI vyavasthA kA prAraMbha ho jAne ke vyAvahArika zikSA kahA jAtA hai| manuSya ke lie ye mahattvapUrNa bAda vahA~ zikSA prApta karane vAle chAtra-chAtrAoM kA ullekha mAnI gaI haiN| striyoM kI bhAgIdArI zikSA ke vividha kSetroM meM rahI hamAre samakSa isa paraMparA meM svIkRta sahazikSA-vyavasthA kA vivaraNa hai| gArhastha zikSA striyA~ apane parivAra meM sIkhatI thiiN| Rgveda meM prastuta karatA hai / yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki striyA~ (kanyAe~) mAtA ke sAtha gRhakArya meM hAtha ba~TAne ke sAtha-sAtha pitA ke sAtha kRSi kArya zikSA ke prakAra meM bhI sahabhAgI banatI thIM 19 / vyavahArika zikSA kA mukhya zikSA kA kSetra bahuta vyApaka hai aura isake vividha rUpa prayojana laukika sukha upalabdha karAnA hI mAnA jAtA thaa| bhI haiN| zilpajJAna, nRtyajJAna, cikitsA-vidyA, AtmavidyA, zarIra ko svastha rakhanA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa vyAvahArika zikSA hai| torrorrorooratoribeodid-Grd-ordwordwardroid-or-61 Hidniridioronbodiabirdinarimarawardroidrorroward
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________________ pallIvAlagaccha kA itihAsa DaoN. zivaprasAda...... mAnadevasUri karNasUri viSNusUri AmradevasUri somatilakasUri nirgrantha paramparA ke zvetAmbara AmnAya meM candrakala se samayasamaya para astitva meM Ae vibhinna gacchoM meM pallIvAlagaccha bhI eka hai| jaisA ki isake abhidhAna se spaSTa hotA hai vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta meM avasthita pAlI (prAcIna pallI) nAmaka sthAna se yaha gaccha astitva meM aayaa| isa gaccha meM mahezvarasUri prathama abhayadevasUri, mahezvarasUri dvitIya, nannasUri, ajitadevasUri, hIrAnaMdasUri Adi kaI racanAkAra ho cuke haiN| isa gaccha se saMbaddha abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI milate haiM, jo vi.saM. 1257 se lekara vi.saM. 1981 taka ke haiN| isa gaccha kI do paTTAvaliyAM bhI milatI haiM, jo sadbhAgya se prakAzita hai| isa nibaMdha meM ukta sabhI sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie sarvaprathama paTTAvaliyoM, tatpazcAt grantha prazastiyoM aura anta meM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa evaM ina sabhI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai pallIvAlagaccha kI Aja do paTTAvaliyA~ milatI haiM / prathama paTTAvalI vi.saM. 1675 ke pazcAt racI gaI hai| isameM ullikhita guru-paraMparA isa prakAra hai-- mahAvIra bhImadevasUri vimalasUri narottamasUri svAtisUri hemasUri harSasUri bhaTTAraka kamalacandra sudharmA guNamANikyasUri sundaracandrasUri(vi.saM. 1675 meM svargastha) prabhucandrasUri (vartamAna) pallIvAlagaccha kI dvitIya paTTAvalI vi.saM. 1728 meM dinezvarasUri / racI gaI hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 8 veM paTTadhara sthUlibhadra se ___ (pAlI meM brAhmaNoM ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA) mahezvarasUri (vi.saM. 1150 meM svargastha) lekara 361 veM paTTadhara udyotanasUri taka kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai-- devasUri mahAvIra
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________________ sudharmA 8. sthUlibhadra I 9. suhastisUri I 10. indradina sUri I 11. AryadinnasUra 1 12. siMhagiri I 13. vajrasvAmI 1 14. vajra 1 15. candrasUri T 16. zAMtisUra 1 17. yazodevasUra I 18. nannasUra 1 19. udyotanasUra 1 20. mahezvarasUi 1 21. abhayadevasUri | 22. AmadevasUra * yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa ttcttmile 63 pa For Private Personal Use Only 29. nandasUri (vi.saM.1098 meM svargastha ) 1 40. udyotanasUri (vi.saM. 1123 meM svargastha) I 41. mahezvarasUri (vi.saM. 1145 meM svargastha ) 1 42. abhayadevasUri (vi.saM. 1169 meM svargastha) 1 43. AmadevasUri (vi.saM. 1199 meM svargastha) 1 44. zAMtisUri (vi.saM. 1224 meM svargastha ) 1 45. yazodevasUri (vi.saM. 1234 meM svargastha) I 46. nannasUri (vi.saM. 1239 meM svargastha ) 1 47. udyotanasUri (vi.saM. 1243 meM svargastha) I 48. mahezvarasUri (vi.saM. 1274 meM svargastha) 1 49. abhayadevasUri (vi.saM. 1321 meM svargastha) 50. AmadevasUri (vi.saM. 1374 meM svargastha ) T 51. zAMtisUri (vi.saM. 1448 meM svargastha ) 1 52. yazodevasUri (vi.saM. 1488 meM svargastha) T 53. nannasUri (vi.saM. 1532 meM svargastha ) 1 54. udyotanasUri (vi.saM. 1572 meM svargastha ) I OM
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa55. mahezvarasUri (vi.saM. 1599 meM svargastha) udakAnala caurebhyaH mUSakebhyastathaiva c| rakSaNIyA prayatnena yata kaSTena likhyte||1|| 56. abhayadevasUri (vi.saM. 1595 meM svargastha) saMvat 1378 varSa bhAdrapada sudi 4 zrAvakamolhAsutena 57. AmadevasUri (vi.saM. 1634 meM svargastha) bhAryAudayasirisamanvitena putrasomA-lAkhA-khetAsahitena zrAvakaUdAkena zrIkalpapustikAM gRhItvA zrI abhayadevasUrINAM 58. zAMtisUri (vi.saM. 1661 meM svargastha) samarpitA vAcitA c| 59. yazodevasUri (vi.saM. 1692 meM svargastha) isa prazasti meM racanAkAra ne yadyapi apanI guru-paraMparA, racanAkAla Adi kA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI 60. nannasUri (vi.saM. 1718 meM svargastha) pallIvAlagaccha se saMbaddha sabase prAcIna sAkSya hone ise atyaMta mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| 61. udyotanasUri (vi.saM. 1737 meM svargastha) isa prazasti ke aMta meM vi.saM. 1378 meM kinhIM abhayadevasUri isa paTTAvalI meM 41 veM paTTadhara mahezvarasUri ke vi.saM. 1145 ko pustaka samarpaNa kI bAta kahI gaI hai|ye abhayadevasUri kauna meM nidhana hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| prathama paTTAvalI meM bhI the| mahezvarasari se unakA kyA saMbaMdha thA, isa bAre meM ukta prazasti mahezvarasUri kA nAma milatA hai aura vi.saM. 1150 meM unake se koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| pallIvAlagaccha kI dvitIya nidhana hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki padAvalI meM hama dekha cake haiM ki mahezvarasari ke paTradhara ke rUpa mahezvarasUri isa gaccha ke prabhAvaka AcArya the| isI kAraNa donoM meM abhayadevasari kA nAma AtA hai| isa AdhAra para isa prazasti meM paTTAvaliyoM meM na kevala inakA nAma milatA hai, balki inheM meM ullikhita abhayadevasUri mahezvarasUri ke ziSya siddha hote haiN| meM samasAmayika bhI batalAyA gayA hai| pallIvAlagaccha se saMbaddha agalA sAhityika sAkSya hai pallIvAlagaccha kA ullekha karane vAlA mahatvapUrNa sAkSya vi.saM. 1544/I. sa. 1488 meM nannasari dvArA racita hai mahezvarasUri dvArA racita kAlakAcAryakathA kI vi.saM. 1365 meM sImaMdharajinastavana / yaha 35 gAthAoM meM racita eka laghukRti likhI gaI prati kI dAtAprazasti', jo isa prakAra hai- hai| nannasari ke garu kauna the, isa bAre meM ukta prazasti se koI iti zrIpallIvAlagacche zrI mahezvarasaribhirviracitA sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| kaalikaacaarykthaasmaapt|| vi.saM.1573/I.sa. 1519 meM prAkRta bhASA meM 88 gAthAoM zrImAlavaMzo'sti vizAlakIrtiH zrIzAMtisUripratibodhita ddiiddaakaakhyH| meM racI gaI vicArasAraprakaraNa kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki zrIvikramAdvedanabharmaharSivatsaraiH(?) zrI AdicaityakArApita navahare c||1|| . isake racanAkAra mahezvarasari dvitIya bhI pallIvAlagaccha ke the| upAsakadazAGga aura AcArAMga kI vi.saM. 1591/I. 1535 meM likhI gaI prati kI puSpikAoM meM bhI pallIvAlagaccha ke nAyaka ke rUpa meM mahezvarasari kA nAma milatA hai|" svazreyase kAritakalpapustikA ...punnyodyrtnbhuumiH| vi.saM.kI 17vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM pallIvAlagaccha zrIpalligacche svaguNaukadhAmnA vAcitA shriimheshvrsuuribhiH||10|| meM ajitadevasUri nAmaka eka prasiddha racanAkAra ho cuke haiN| nRpavikramakAlAtIta saM. 1365 varSebhAdrapadavadau navamyAM inake dvArA racita kaI kRtiyA~ milatI hai, jo isa prakAra haiM-- tithau sImedapATamaMDale vaUNAgrAme kalpapastikA likhitaa||ch|| 1. kalpasiddhAntadIpikA 2. piNDavizuddhidIpikA (vi.saM. 1627)
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________________ 1. kalpasiddhAntadIpikA kI prazasti meM inhoMne svayaM ko mahezvarasUri kA ziSya kahA hai ' -- 2. itizrI caMdragacchAMbhojadinamaNInAM zrImahezvarasUrisarvvasUriziromaNInAM paTTe zrIajitadevasUriNA viracitA zrIkalpasiddhAntadIpikA samAptA / kramAMka vi.saM. tithi / miti 3. 4. 6.. 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtrabAlAvabodha (vi.saM. 1629 ) 4. AcArAMgadIpikA 4. ArAdhanA JRK. P -31 6. jIvazikhAmaNAvidhi 7. 7. candanabAlAbeli 8. caubIsa jinAvalI 8. 1257 1343 1345 1345 1361 1373 1383 1409 mAgha sudi 12 mAgha sudi 12 ravivAra ASADha sudi 3 * yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa vaizAkhasudi 12 mAgha sudi 10 somavAra AcArya yA muni kA nAma mahezvarasUri guNAkarasUri mahezvarasUri ke paTTadhara abhayadevasUri phAlguna sudi 11 abhayadevasUri guruvAra ajitadevasUri ke ziSya hIrAnandasUri hue jinake dvArA racita caubolIcaupAI nAmaka kRti prApta hotI hai| isakI prazasti inhoMne apane guru- praguru Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAlIvAla virude prasiddha, caMdragaccha supahANa / sUri mahesara pATadhara, tejai dIpar3a bhANa / / 7 / / tAsu pasAyai harSadhara, pabhaNai hIrAnaMda / / 8 / / caubolI caupAI kI vi.saM. 1770 meM likhI gaI eka prati jinakRpAcandrasUri jJAna bhaNDAra bIkAnera meM saMrakSita hai| pallIvAlagaccha se saMbaddha paryApta saMkhyA meM abhilekhIya sAkSya prApta hote haiM, jo vi.saM. 1261 se lekara vi.saM. 1681 taka ke haiN| inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai- pratimA - lekha / zilAlekha pratimA lekha pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha " zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha pratiSThAsthAna zItalanAtha jinAlaya, kumbhAravADo, khaMbhAta ciMtAmaNijI kA maMdira, bIkAnera kezariyA jI kA maMdira, dezanoka, bIkAnera ciMtAmaNijIkA maMdira, bIkAnera jaina maMdira, Ava zAMtinAtha jinA. bhoMya pADo khaMbhAta ciMtAmaNijI kA maMdira, bIkAnera 6onion sandarbha grantha muni kAMtisAgara, saMpA. zatruJjayavaibhava, lekhAMka 11 muni buddhisAgarasUri, saMpA. jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha saMgraha bhAga-2, lekhAMka 655 zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA, saMpA. bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 200 vahI, lekhAMka 2244 vahI, lekhAMka 227 muni kAMtisAgara, saMpA. jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 27 lekhAMka 27 muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta. bhAga-2, lekhAMka 899 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 424
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________________ 1435 phAlguna sudi 2 zukravAra vaizAkha sudi 2 -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa abhayadevasUri ke paTTadhara caMdraprabha kI AdinAtha jinAlaya, AmadevasUri pratimAkA lekha mAlapurA zAMtisUri pArzvanAtha kI paMcatIrthI ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha pratimA kA lekha jinAlaya, kizanagar3ha vinayasAgara, saMpA. pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAka 162 vahIM, lekhAMka 177 mAgha sudi 13 " vAsupUjya jinAlaya, nAhaTA, pUrvokta, zanivAra bIkAnera lekhAMka 1390 1458 phAlguna vadi1 " sumatinAtha kI AdinAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, zukravAra pratimA kA lekha hIrAvADI, nAgaura lekhAMka 183, evaM pUranacaMda nAhara, saMpA.,jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga-2, lekhAMka 1237 1482 - yazodevasUri zreyAMsanAtha kI bAvana jinAlaya, pUranacaMdanAhara, pUrvokta. pratimA kA lekha karer3A bhAga-2 lekhAMka 1931 1485 mArgazIrSa vadi 2 " zAMtinAtha kI mahAvIra jinAlaya, nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pratimA kA lekha bIkAnera lekhAMka 1317 mAgha sudi5 yazodevasUri pArzvanAtha kI zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, guruvAra pratimA kA lekha ratalAma lekhAMka 262 1486 mAgha sudi 11 zAMtinAtha kI mahAvIra jinAlaya, vahI,lekhAMka 261 zanivAra pratimA kA lekha sAMgAnera haribhadrasUri vijayagacchIya jinAlaya, vahI,lekhAMka 297 jayapura vaizAkha sudi 3 yazodevasUri saMbhavanAtha kI ciMtAmaNijI kA nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pratimA kA lekha maMdira,bIkAnera lekhAMka 767 1497 jyeSTha sudi3 " kunthunAtha vahI, lekhAMka 795 somavAra kI pratimA kA lekha jyeSTha vadi 12 zAMtinAtha ke paTTadhara dharmanAtha kI sumatinAtha mukhya buddhisAgara, pUrvokta yazodevasari pratimAkA lekha bAvana jinAlaya, mAtara bhAga-2,lekhAMka 485 kArtika sudi 15 // sumatinAtha kI zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, muni kAMtisAgara, saMpA. pratimA kA lekha bhiMDI bAjAra, muMbaI jaina dhAtu pratimA kA lekha saMbhavanAtha kI mahAvIra jinAlaya, lekhAMka 95 guruvAra pratimA kA lekha bIkAnera nAhaTA,pUrvokta, lekhAMka 1276 23. 1503 tithivihIna yazodevasUri naminAtha kI anupUrti lekha, muni jayaMta vijaya, saMpA. pratimA kA lekha AbU arbuda prAcIna, jaina lekha saMdoha lekhAMka 636 arovariandiariordarsansarsansarsansaroroducat66 Horrowardinidasanilonidindianbidasiardiarianiadride 1493 ASADha sadi //
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________________ nAkor3A - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa24. 1504 vaizAkha sudi6 / nannAcArya saMtAnIya pArzvanAtha nAkor3A tIrtha vinayasAgara, lekhakazAMtinAtha ke paTTadhara kI pratimA kA lekha zrI nAkor3A tIrtha yazodevasUri ke paTTadhara lekhAMka 19 natrasUri ke paTTadhara udyotanasUri...... ke paTTadhara zAMtisUri ke paTTadhara yazodevasUri ___25.. 1507 phAlguna vadi 3 yazodevasUri naminAtha kI sImaMdhara svAmI kA vijayadharmasUri, saMpA. dhAtu kI pratimA kA lekha maidara, tAlAbavAlApela,sUrata prAcIna lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 229 1508 vaizAkha vadi 2 " sumatinAtha kI dharmanAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, saMpA. pratimA kA lekha khajavAnA pratiSThA lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 430 1510 - ___nanasUri dharmanAtha kI . munisuvrata jinAlaya, vahI, lekhAMka 470 pratimA kA lekha mAlapurA 1513 mAgha...... yazodevasUri kunthunAtha kI zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga-2 pratimA kA lekha lekhAMka 1887 1528 vaizAkha sudi 5 zrI ratnasUri saMbhavanAtha kI dhAtu kunthunAtha jinAlaya, muni vizAlavijaya, saMpA. kI paMcatIrthI pratimA rAdhanapura pratimA lekha saMgraha, kA lekha lekhAMka 258 1528 mAgha vadi5 yazodevasUri ke padmaprabha kI gharadevAsara, muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta paTTadhara natrasUri pratimA kA lekha - baDodarA bhAga-2,lekhAMka 228 1528 - munisuvrata kI jaina maMdira, nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga-2 dhAtu kI pratimA kA lekhakhaMDapa, mAravADa lekhAMka 2111 1530 vaizAkha sudi 9 " zreyAMsanAtha kI pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, saMpA. pratimA kA lekha sAMbhara pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 720 1533 jyeSTha sudi 5 udyotanasUri dharmanAtha kI pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, vahI, lekhAMka 759 zukravAra pratimA kA lekha 1536 vaizAkha.....9 suvidhinAtha kI zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, nAhaTA, pUrvokta . guruvAra pratimA kA lekha nApAsara lekhAMka 2333 35. 1536 vaizAkha...9 nannasUri ke paTTadhara caMdraprabha kI mahAvIra jinAlaya, nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga-2 somavAra udyotanasUri pratimA kA lekha vohAranaTolA,lakhanaU lekhAMka 1555 36. 1536 ASAr3ha sudi6 ajUNa (udyotana) AdinAtha kI - bAlAbasahI, zatrujayavaibhava, zukravAra sUri pratimA kA lekha zatrujaya lekhAMka 218 37. 1536 ASAr3ha sudi9 " saMbhavanAtha kI dhAtu svAmIjI kA maMdira, nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga-2. kI paMcatIrthI pratimA rozana muhallA, AgarA lekhAMka 1462 kA lekha wordswarodrowaroorironironironirbrowonorarGrowdri676doiidnirodildoodwidndirardwardrob-ironironitor bUMdI
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________________ 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 1537 1540 1550 1551 1556 1558 1559 1566 1575 1583 1593 1624 1667 1678 jyeSTha vadi 4 somavAra ASADha vadi 1 phAlguna sudi 11 guruvAra pauSa sudi 10 pauSa sudi 15 somavAra caitra vadi 13 somavAra ASAr3ha sudi 10 budhavAra mAgha vadi 2 ravivAra ASAr3ha vadi 7 ravivAra phAlguna vadi 1 zukravAra ASAr3ha sudi 3 ravivAra ASADha vadi 8 bhAdrapada sudi 9 zukravAra nannasUra ke 11 mahezvarasUri " udyotanasUra * yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa dvitIya ASADha sudi 2 yazodevasUri ravivAra pArzvanAtha kI saparikara AdinAtha kI chatrI ke pratimA kA lekha bAhara Ale meM saparikara mUrti, nAkor3A tIrtha AmadevasUri yazodevasUri ke samaya, sumatizekhara (zilAlekha ke racanAkAra) AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha dharmanAtha kI paMcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha naminAtha kI pratimA kA lekha zItalanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha zItalanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha ajitanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha vAsupUjya kI pratimA kA lekha kunthunAtha kI pratimA kA lekha pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha padmaprabha kI pratimA kA lekha zreyAMsanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha zilApaTTaprazasti zilApaTTa prazasti ke samaya upA. kanakazekhara (caukI maMDapa meM) mttbad 68 Jaanans pArzvanAtha derAsara, saradhanA zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, kor3A vimalanAtha jinA., savAImAdhopu mahAvIra jinAlaya, DAMgoM meM, bIkAnera jinadattasUri kI dAdAvAr3I, zatruJcaya mahAvIra jinAlaya, sAMgAnera vIra jinAlaya, baDodarA mahAvIra jinAlaya, mer3atAsiTI vimalanAtha jinAlaya, savAI mAdhopura vAsupUjya jinAlaya, bIkAnera pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, koroM meM, bIkAnera pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, nAkor3A zrI nAkoDA tIrtha lekhAMka 57 vinayasAgara, pratiSThA lekha saMgraha lekhAMka 823 zrI nAkor3A tIrtha, lekhAMka 59 pratiSThA lekha saMgraha lekhAMka 863 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 1537 zatruJjaya vaibhava lekhAMka 258 vinayasAgara, pratiSThA lekha saMgraha . lekhAMka 901 muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, bhAga-2, lekhAMka 44 vinayasAgara, pUrvokta lekhAMka 956 vahI, lekhAMka 973 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 1395 vahI, lekhAMka 1627 zrI nAkor3A tIrtha, lekhAMka 90 vahI, lekhAMka 91
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grandha-itihAsake ziSya sumati zekhara evaM devazekhara (zilAlekha ke racanAkAra) 52. 1672 bhaMDArastha pratimA, vahI, lekhAMka 92 zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, nAkoDA raMgamaMDapa, vahI, lekhAMka 95 pArzvanAtha jinAlaya nAkor3A 12. 1681 mAgha sudi 4 zrI ...zekharasUri zAMtinAtha kI zanivAra pratimA kA lekha caitra vadi 5 / yazodevasUri ke samaya zilAlekha maMgalavAra harazekhara ke ziSya nAkor3A kanakazekhara ke ziSya devazekhara evaM sumatizekhara (zilAlekha ke racanAkAra) ASADha vadi6 - zilAlekha somavAra phAlguna sudi 10 - vAsupUjya kI budhavAra pratimA kA lekha 53. 1681 vahI, lekhAMka 97 nAbhimaMDapa, pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, nAkor3AtIrtha paMcatIrthI maMdira, nAkoDA 54. 1681 vahI,lekhAMka 96 ukta abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke AcAryoM kA jo paTTakrama nizcita hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai-- zAMtisUri (koI lekha upalabdha nahIM) ? mahezvarasUri (prathama) (vi.saM. 1345-1361) yazodevasUri (vi.saM.1667-1681) abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM ullikhita mahezvarasUri 'prathama' abhayadevasUri (vi.saM. 1383-1409) (vi.saM. 1345-1361) aura kAlakAcArya kathA (vi.saM. 1365/I.sa. 1309 kI upalabdha prati) ke racanAkAra mahezvarasUri AmasUri (vi.saM. 1435) ko samasAmayikatA, nAmasAmya Adi ko dRSTigata rakhate hue eka zAMtisUri (vi.saM. 1453-1458) hI vyakti mAnA jA sakatA hai| ThIka yahI bAta abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se jJAta natrasUri (vi.saM. 1528-1530) aura sImaMdhara yazodevasUri (vi.saM. 1476-1513) jinastavana (racanAkAla vi.saM. 1544/I. san 1488) ke kartA nannasUri ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra vi.saM. nannasUri (vi.saM. 1528-1530) 1573/I.sa. 1524 meM vicArasAraprakaraNa ke racanAkAra mahezvarasUri aura vi.saM. 1575-1593 ke madhya vibhinna jinapratimAoM ke udyotanasUri (vi.saM. 1533-1566) pratiSThApaka mahezvarasari dvitIya bhI eka hI vyakti mAlama paDate haiN| jaisA ki pIche hama dekha cuke haiM, ajitadevasari ne bhI apanI mahezvarasUri (dvitIya) (vi.saM. 1575-1593) kRtiyoM meM svayaM ko mahezvarasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai, jinheM mahezvarasUri dvitIya se abhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai| abhayadevasUri (koI lekha upalabdha nahIM) ukta sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pallIvAlagacchIya munijanoM kI guru-paraMparA kI jo tAlikA AmasUri (vi.saM. 1624) banatI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai-- andramdrintinidiaomindaiadridhiariadmiridra-[ 69 dirstindiandiarioritrinsidroid-dramdaridrosdadi
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________________ mahezvarasUra abhayadevasUri (vi.saM. 1383-1409) pratimA lekha - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsaprathama (vi.saM. 1345-1361) pratimA lekha kAlakAcAryakathA ke racanAkAra AmasUri (vi.saM. 1435) pratimAlekha zAMtisUri (vi.saM. 1453-1458) pratimAlekha 1 yazodevasUri (vi.saM. 1476-1513) pratimAlekha nannasUri (vi.saM. 1528-1530) pratimAlekha / (vi.saM. 1544 meM sImaMdhara jinastavana ke racanAkAra) ( kAlakAcArya kathA kI vi.saM. 1365/ I. sa. 1309 meM likhI gaI prati vi.sa. 1378/ I. sa. 1322 meM inheM samarpita kI gaI ) udyotanasUri (vi.saM. 1533-1556) pratimAlekha 1 mahezvarasUri (vi.saM. 1575-1593) pratimAlekha | (vi.saM. 1573 meM vicArasAraprakaraNa ke racanAkAra) 1 1 ajitadevasUri (piMDavizuddidIpikA, abhayadevasUri (sAkSya anupalabdha) kalpasiddhAntadIpikA Adi ke kartA) hIrAcaMda (caubolIcaupAI ke kartA ) AmasUri (vi.saM. 1624) pratimAlekha ammerm yazodevasUri (vi.saM. 1667-1681) pratimAlekha jahA~ taka pallIvAla gaccha kI ukta donoM paTTAvaliyoM ke vivaraNoM kI prAmANikatA kA prazna hai, usameM prathama paTTAvalI kA yaha kathana ki mahezvarasUri kI ziSyasaMtati pallIvAlagacchIya kahalAI, satya ke nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| cU~ki isa paTTAvalI ke anusAra vi.saM. 1945 meM unakA nidhana huA, ataH yaha nizcita hai ki ukta tithi ke pUrva hI yaha gaccha astitva meM A cukA thA / yadyapi isa paTTAvalI meM ullikhita aneka bAtoM kA kinhIM bhI anya sAkSyoM se samarthana nahIM hotA, ataH unheM svIkAra kara pAnA kaThina hai, phira bhI isameM pallIvAlagaccha ke utpatti saMbaMdhI sAkSya upalabdha hone ke kAraNa ise mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| zAMtisUri (sAkSya anupalabdha) I jahAM taka dUsarI paTTAvalI kI prAmANikatA kI bAta hai, isameM yazodeva -- nanasUri-- udyotanasUri-- mahezvarasUri-abhayadevasUri-- AmasUri-- zAMtisUri-- ina paTTadhara AcAryoMke nAmoM kI punarAvRtti darzAI gaI hai| jaisA ki hama pIche dekha cuke haiM, sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se isakA samarthana hotA hai / isa prakAra isa paTTAvalI meM die gae paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAma aura unake paTTakrama kI prAmANikatA prAyaH siddha ho jAtI hai, kintu isameM 57 veM paTTadhara AmasUri, 58veM paTTadhara zAMtisUri aura 59 veM paTTadhara yazodevasUri se saMbaddha tithiyoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI tithiyAM mAtra anumAna ke AdhAra para kalpita hone ke kAraNa abhilekhIya yA anya sAhityika sAkSyoM se unakA samarthana nahIM hotA tathApi pallIvAla gaccha se saMbaddha AcAryoM kA prAmANika paTTakrama prastuta karane ke kAraNa isakI mahattA nirvivAda hai| isa paTTAvalI meM 41veM paTTadhara mahezvarasUri kA nidhana vi.saM. 1150 meM batalAyA gayA hai| prathama paTTAvalI meM bhI vi.saM. 1945 meM mahezvarasUri ke nidhana kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura unheM pallIvAlagaccha kA pravartaka batAyA gayA hai| donoM paTTAvaliyoM dvArA mahezvarasUri ko samasAmayika siddha karane se yaha anumAna ThIka lagatA hai ki mahezvarasUri isa gaccha ke pratiSThApaka rahe hoNge| muni kAMtisAgara ke anusAra pradyotanasUri ke ziSya indradeva se vikrama saMvat kI 12vIM zatI meM yaha gaccha astitva meM AyA, kintu unake isa kathana kA AdhAra kyA hai, jJAta nahIM hotA / . upakezagaccha se niSpanna koraMTagaccha meM hara tIsare AcArya kA nAma nannasUri milatA hai, isase yaha saMbhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki pallIvAlagaccha bhI ukta gacchoM meM se kisI eka gaccha se udbhUta huA hogA / isa gaccha se saMbaddha 16vIM zatI kI grantha- prazastiyoM meM ise koTikagaNa aura caMdrakula se niSpanna batAyA gayA hai, paraMtu isa gaccha meM paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAmoM kI punarAvRtti ko dekhate hue ise caityavAsI gaccha mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| vastutaH yaha gaccha suvihitamargIya thA yA caityavAsI, isake Adima AcArya kauna the, yaha kaba aura kyoM astitva meM AyA sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM ye sabhI prazna abhI anuttarita hI raha jAte haiN| sandarbha 1. muni jinavijaya, saMpA. vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalI saMgraha, siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA, granthAMka 53, muMbaI 1961 I.sa., pRSTha 72-76 GEN meramenavamGiay to pramenovamonoembam
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsa2. zrI agaracaMdra nAhaTA, pallIvAlagacchapaTTAvalI 6. A.P.Shah, Ed. Catalague of Sanskrit & Prakrit Mss. Munu Shree punya Vijayji's callectin,vol.1, I.d. sezrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, saMpA. zrI AtmArAmajI ries No. 5, Ahmadabad, 1965, A.D.P-189, NO. zatAbdI graMtha , muMbaI 1936 I. sa. hindI khaNDa pRSTha 182 3343. 196. 7. zrI AtmArAma zatAbdI graMtha, pRSTha 191-192 ukta donoM paTTAvaliyAM zrI mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI ne / 8. vahI, pRSTha 192 svasaMpAdita jainagurjarakavioM bhAga-3,khaMDa-2, pRSTha 22442254 meM bhI prakAzita kI hai| 9. vahI, pRSTha 194-195 3. Muni Punyavijaya, Ed.catalogue of Palm Leaf Mss 10.-11. vahI, pRSTha 192 in the Shate Natha jaina Bhandara, Cambay, Vd, 12. mani kAMtisAgara, zatraMjaya vaibhava, kuzala puSpa 4, kuzala G.O.S, No. 135, Baroda, 1961, A.D., PP. 81-82 __ saMsthAna, jayapura 1990 I., pRSTha 372. 4-5. zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA, pallIvAlagacchapaTTAvalI, zrI 13.zivaprasAda koraMTagaccha kA itihAsa, zramaNa, varSa 40, aMka AtmArAmajI zatAbdI graMtha, pRSTha 191 5, pRSTha 15 aura aage| iandoriandednewindiaadimirroranianitarirdaridrorla 71 Adminidiriridwareinindiansardariwaridaritaram