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________________ : 501 : IzvaravAda banAma puruSArthavAda / / zrI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha %3 IzvaravAda banAma puruSArthavAda DA0 kRpAzaMkara vyAsa saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, zAjApura (ma0 pra0)] sRSTi meM viSaya aura viSayI prAyaH eka saMsthAna ke rUpa meM hone se pRthaka nahIM haiN| indriyArtha sannikarSa se athavA mAnasika pratyayoM se utpanna sukha-dukha rUpa viSayoM kA anubhavakartA jIva hai-ise dArzanikoM ne viSayI ke draSTA ke rUpa meM nitya svIkArA hai jabaki viSayoM ko parivartanazIla, kSaNabhaMgura yA jar3a padArthoM se janya hone ke kAraNa (ajIva bhI kahA jAtA hai) kucha dArzanikoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI ne anitya mAnA hai / jIva-ajIva kaba aura kaise saMyukta hokara sRSTi meM kAraNarUpatA ko prApta hue-yahI gahana samasyA dArzanikoM ke samakSa AdikAla se banI huI hai jisakA samAdhAna sabhI dArzanikoM (bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya) ne yathAsambhava DhuMr3hane kA athaka prayAsa kiyA hai| yaha bhinna bAta hai ki Aja taka sarvasammata samAdhAna nahIM mila sakA hai| bhAratIya-darzana ke prayAsa kI dizA ko samajhane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki isake mula-siddhAntoM ko kama se kama sthala rUpa meM samajha leN| bhAratIya-darzana sthUlataH do bhAgoM meM (kAlakramAnusAra nahIM) vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai(1) Astika (2) nAstika* / Astikadarzana ke antargata ve darzana Ate haiM jo apane Adisrota ke liye vedAzraya lete haiN| inameM nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA Ate haiN| nAstikadarzana ke antargata ve darzana haiM jo ki apane siddhAntoM ke liye veda ko Adisrota ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate, apitu apane-apane siddhAnta pratipAdakoM ko hI apane-apane dharma aura darzana kA Adi praNetA svIkAra karate haiN| isake antargata cArvAka, jaina, bauddha vizeSa rUpa meM ullekhanIya haiN| uparokta darzana vibhAgoM meM katipaya vibhAga jIva se pare eka anya sattA ko bhI mAnyatA dete haiM, jabaki anya nhiiN| inameM Izvara kI sattA ko aMgIkAra karane vAle darzana nyAya, vaizeSika, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA, uttaramImAMsA evaM jaina haiM (kucha sImA taka tathA bhinna artha meM IzvarIya sattA meM vizvAsa hai)| sAMkhya-darzana ko anIzvaravAdI darzana bhI kahA jAtA hai kAraNa ki sAMkhya meM puruSa hI saba kucha hai, isake atirikta kucha nahIM hai| Izvara aura IzvaravAda (Theism) ko samajhane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki ina zabdoM kA * nAstika usa artha meM jo kucha loga kahate Aye haiN| nAstika kI paribhASA aura vyutpatti ke anusAra jaina nAstika nahIM haiN| -sampAdaka 1 (a) jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya sat hai-yathA "sad davvaM vA" -bhagavatI sUtra 8E (ba) "tattvaM sallAkSaNikaM sanmAnaM vA yataH svataH siddham" -paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArdha, zloka 8 "vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mata hai ki jaina-darzana Astika-darzana hai|" vizeSa draSTavya-"jainadharma kI AstikatA" -cintana kI manobhUmi-upAdhyAya amaramuni, pR0 86 vastutaH Astika yA nAstika kisI darzana ke lie kahanA darzana kI usa zAkhA kA apamAna nahIM hai balki Astika-nAstika zabda darzana ko vibhAjita karane vAle zabda mAtra haiN|
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________________ // zrI jaina divAkara.mmRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 502 : kisa artha meM prayoga hotA hai-samajhA jAye / Izvara zabda "Iz" dhAtu se niSpanna hai jisakA artha svAmI honA, Adeza denA, adhikAra meM karanA hai / "Iz" dhAtu kA vizeSaNa hI "Izvara" hai jo ki zakti sampannatA kI ora iMgita karatA hai| ataH yaha kahanA aucityapUrNa hai ki jIva se pare jo bhI sattA hai vahI "Izvara" hai| Aja ke samAja meM Izvara se sambandhita siddhAnta IzvaravAda kA prayoga vyApaka evaM saMkucita donoM arthoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| vyApaka artha meM IzvaravAda usa siddhAnta ko kahate haiM jo Izvara ko satya mAnatA hai| isa artha kI paridhi meM Izvara sambandhI sabhI siddhAnta A jAte haiN| isa siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane vAloM meM na kevala bhAratIya dArzanika haiM apitu pAzcAtya dArzanika bhI haiM jinameM vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya DekATeM (Descartes), barkale (Berkeley), kANTa (Kant), jemsavArDa (James Ward), priMgala paiTisana (Pringle Pattisan) haiN| saMkIrNa artha meM IzvaravAda usa siddhAnta ko kahate haiM jo ki eka vyaktitvapUrNa Izvara kA samarthana karatA hai / isa siddhAnta kA samarthana vizeSataH jainadharma tathA anya saguNopAsaka dharmoM ne kiyA hai / isI mata ke pakSa meM pAzcAtya vidvAn phliNTa (Flient) kA kathana hai ki "vaha dharma jisameM eka vyaktitvapUrNa Izvara ArAdhanA kA viSaya rahatA hai-IzvaravAdI dharma kahA jAtA hai|" vyaktitvapUrNa Izvara vyaktitvarahita Izvara kI apekSA dhArmika bhAvanA kI santuSTi karane meM adhika samartha hai| dhArmika cetanA ke liye Avazyaka hai ki upAsaka aura upAsya ke bIca nikaTatA rhe| isa nakaTyabhAva ko banAye rakhane ke liye yaha anivArya hai ki upAsaka ke hRdaya meM upAsya ke prati zraddhA, Adara aura bhaktibhAva banA rahe (jainadarzana evaM dharma meM bhaktibhAva ko siddhAntataH koI sthAna nahIM hai kintu vyAvahArika jagat meM jaina samAja tIrthaMkaroM ke prati bhaktibhAva se parita hai) aura isI prakAra upAsya bhI upAsaka ke liye karuNA, kSamA, dayA aura sahAnubhUti bhAva se pUrita rahe / Izvara upAsya hai, manuSya upAsaka hai| IzvaravAda vastutaH vyaktitvapUrNa Izvara kI sthApanA karake upAsaka manuSya kA usase nikaTa 3 saMskRta-hindI koza-vA0va0 ApTe, pR0 176-180 vAcaspatyam-dvitIya bhAga, pR0 1011-1048 IzvaravAdI siddhAnta ke pratipAdakoM meM-spinojA, jaoNna kaoNlvina, jaoNna ToleNDa, tiNDala, lAibanija, breDale, rAyasa, haoNvisana Adi vizeSa ke lie draSTavya-"Izvara sambandhI mata" pRSTha-64 se 132 taka "dharma-darzana'-DA0 rAmanArAyaNa vyAsa (madhya pradeza hindI akAdamI) barkale-ye anubhavavAdI evaM pratyakSavAdI the / dArzanika jIvana ke prAraMbha meM inheM bhI Izvara amAnya thA kintu dArzanika jIvana ke anta meM inhoMne Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai tathA Izvara ko asIma evaM parama sattA vAlA batalAyA hai| 6 kANTa-dArzanika jIvana ke Arambha meM inhoMne AtmA aura Izvara ko ajJAta aura ajJa ya ghoSita kiyA hai kintu bAda meM Izvara kI sattA svIkAra kI hai| "The Idea of God in Recent Philosophy." "Theistic Religion is a Religion in which the one Personal and Perfect God is the object of worship." Flient-Theism, p.50. 6 bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pR0 303-DA0 rAdhAkRSNan
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________________ : 503 : IzvaravAda banAma puruSArthavAda zrI jaina divAkara - smRti-grantha / / - sambandha hI sthApita karatA hai| Izvara meM yadi vyaktitva kA abhAva ho to vaha apane upAsaka ke prati kisI bhI prakAra se apane kAruNika bhAva ko pradarzita nahIM kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki IzvaravAda (cAhe bhAratIya ho yA pAzcAtya) vyaktitvapUrNa Izvara kI sthApanA karake mAnava-mAnasa kI dhAmika santuSTi hI karatA hai| yahAM yaha kahanA asaMgata na hogA ki IzvaravAda kA prayoga sabhI IzvaravAdI dArzanikoM evaM dhArmika matAvalambiyoM ne kiyA avazya hai kintu artha meM bhinnatA hai| isa sandarbha meM bhAratIya dArzanika AcArya udayana kA kathana vizeSa aucityapUrNa pratIta hotA hai ki "Izvara ke astitva meM sandeha karanA hI vyartha hai kyoMki kauna aisA manuSya hai jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM 'Izvara' ko na mAnatA ho-yathA upaniSad ke anuyAyI Izvara ko 'zuddha, buddha, muktasvabhAva' ke rUpa meM, kapila anuyAyI 'Adi vidvAn siddha' ke rUpa meM pataMjali anuyAyI 'kleza, karma, vipAka, Azaya (adRSTa) se rahita, nirmANakAya ke dvArA sampradAya calAne vAle tathA veda ko abhivyakta karane vAle' ke rUpa meM, pAzupata mata vAle 'nirlepa tathA svatantra' ke rUpa meM, zaiva 'ziva' ke rUpa meM vaiSNava-'viSNa' (puruSottama) ke rUpa meM, paurANika-pitAmaha' ke rUpa meM, yAjJika 'yajJa puruSa' ke rUpa meM, saugata-'sarvajJa' ke rUpa meM, digambara 'nirAvaraNa mUrti ke rUpa meM, mImAMsaka 'upAsya deva' ke rUpa meM, naiyAyika-'sarvaguNasampanna puruSa' ke rUpa meM, cArvAka-'loka vyavahAra siddha' ke rUpa meM tathA bar3haI 'vizvakarmA' ke rUpa meM, jinakA pUjana karate haiM, vahI to 'Izvara' hai|" isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki mAnava santuSTi ke liye prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM Izvara-astitva ke siddhAnta ko aMgIkAra kiyA hai yadyapi yaha avazya hai ki Izvara zabda ke arthoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| jagata meM jIva-ajIva ke saMyukta hone meM nyAyavaizeSikAdi" darzanoM ne Izvara, prakRti, puruSa, saMyoga, kAla, svabhAva aura yadRcchA Adi ko kAraNa mAnA hai / ina darzanoM kI dRSTi meM jIva ko zubhAzubha karmaphala kI prApti IzvarAdi ke dvArA hotI hai / isa mata ke viparIta jaina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki jIva karma karane meM svatantra hai aura usI prakAra vaha phala bhogane meM bhI svatantra hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne isake sAtha hI sAtha kAla, svabhAva aura karma ko bhI sRSTi meM kAraNa svarUpa mAnA hai tathA yadRcchAvAda kA purajora khaNDana kiyA hai| jainadArzanikoM ne asaMkhya jIva evaM ajIva padArthoM kI paraspara pratikriyA ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kara jagata ke vikAsa kI prakriyA kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| inake mata meM jagata ke sRjana 10 (a) nyAya kusumAJjali 1-1 (ba) bhAratIya darzana-umeza mizra, pR0 224 11 (a) prazastapAdabhASya (sRSTi saMhAra prakaraNa) (ba) sAMkhya kArikA 21 (sa) nyAyasUtrabhASya (da) gItA 5 / 14 12 Asavadi jaNa kammaM pariNAmeNappaNo sa ninnnneyo| mAvAsavo jiNutto kammAsavaNaM paro hodi // 13 (a) bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pR0 302-DA0 rAdhAkRSNana (ba) paJcAstikAya samayasAra, gAthA 15 (dravya saM0 26)
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________________ ||zrI jaina divAkara. mmRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 504 : athavA saMhAra ke liye kisI Izvara kI sattA ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki vidyamAna padArthoM kA nAza nahIM hotA hai aura na hI asat se sRSTi kA nirmANa bhI sambhava hai| janma tathA vinAza vastuoM ke apane guNoM evaM paryAyoM para nirbhara hai| isa prakAra saMsAra meM vidyamAna jo aneka padArtha evaM prANI haiM una sabako jaina-dArzanika svayambhUta evaM AdhAra rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakriyA se jainI aneka padArthoM kI kalpanA kI sthApanA karate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki padArtha apane ko vyakta kara sake isI prayojana se sRSTi ke rUpa meM A jAte haiN| jIvAtmAoM se yukta samasta vizva mAnasika evaM bhautika avayavoM sahita lagAtAra anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai tathA isameM kisI nitya sthAyI devatA kA hastakSepa bhI nahIM hai aura na rahA hai| saMsAra meM dRSTagata vibhinnatAyeM vastutaH kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma evaM udyama ina pAMca sahakArI dazAoM ke kAraNa haiN| bIja meM yadyapi vRkSa rUpa meM udita hone kI antarzakti vidyamAna hai, phira bhI use vRkSa rUpa dhAraNa karane ke pUrva kAla (mausama), prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa aura bhUmi meM boye jAne ke karma rUpa meM ucita sahAyatA kI apekSA rahatI hI hai tabhI vaha vakSa rUpa dhAraNa kara pAtA hai| itanA hone para bhI vakSa kA svarUpa usake mUlabhUta bIja ke svarUpa para hI nirbhara karatA hai| isI kAraNa se vRkSoM meM bhinnatA dikhalAI detI hai| vRkSoM ke hI samAna jIvoM meM bhI bhinnatA kA yahI kAraNa hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne eka asIma sattAtmaka zakti ke rUpa meM yadyapi Ivazra ko mAnyatA nahIM dI hai, phira bhI unakA spaSTa mata hai ki saMsAra kI kucha AtmAeM jaba ucita rUpa meM vikasita ho jAtI haiM taba ve hI daivatva rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM-ye hI 'arhat' kahalAte haiM arthAt sarvopari prabhu, sarvajJaAtmA jinhoMne samasta doSoM para vijaya pA lI hai| yaha avazya hai ki unameM koI sRjanAtmaka zakti nahIM hai ki phira bhI jaba jIvAtmA apanI uccatama pUrNatA ko prApta kara letI hai tatkSaNa hI vaha Izvaratva ko prApta kara paramAtmA athavA sarvopari AtmA bana jAtI hai| vastutaH pratyeka jIva meM uccatama avasthA meM pahu~cane kI zakti hai, kintu rahatI hai suptAvasthA meN| isI prakAra suptAvasthA se kriyAtmaka dharAtala para jIvAtmA ko lAkara mAnava apanI uccatama sthiti ko prApta kara le yahI jIvAtmA kA parama puruSArtha hai| isa uccAvasthA (Izvaratva) ko prApta karane ke liye mAnava ko apane puruSArtha para aDiga vizvAsa karanA hogaa| yaha puruSArtha hai kyA, ise kisa prakAra vyakti aMgIkAra kara Izvaratva kI koTi meM A sakatA hai-isake liye Avazyaka hai puruSArtha zabda kA vizleSita artha smjhnaa| puruSArtha kA sAdhAraNataH pracalita artha hai-mAnava kI zakti, kintu dArzanika jagat meM isa zabda kA kucha bhinna evaM vistRta artha hai| puruSArtha zabda ke dArzanika artha kA vizleSaNa karane ke pUrva Avazyaka hai ki isakA vyAkaraNa-sammata artha jAna leM / vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'puruSArtha' do zabdoM ke saMyoga se banA hai-puruSa+ artha / puruSa" zabda kI vyutpatti hai puri dehe zete iti puruSa: 14 (ka) puri dehe zete-zI+Ga pRSorAditvAt vAcaspatyam-pura- kuSan / puri= pR+ i |-sNskRt hindI koza-ApTe, pR0 624 (kha) vAcaspatyam-paMcama bhAga, pR0 4376 (ga) arthaH=R+than-ApTe koza, pR066 (Azaya, prayojana, lakSya, uddezya, icchA Adi)
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________________ :505 : IzvaravAda banAma puruSArthavAda // zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-vAnya arthAta pUri (nagara) meM nivAsa karane vaalaa| mAnava zarIra eka nagara ke samAna hai isameM nivAsa karane vAlA 'jIva' hai / ataH puruSa kA mUla artha hai 'jIva' kintu Aja puruSa zabda jIva kA paryAyavAcI na hokara puruSaliMga kA dyotaka bana gayA hai| jabaki yaha artha vyAkaraNasammata nahIM hai| vyAkaraNasammata artha ke rUpa meM jaba 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga ho tathA usake sAtha 'artha' zabda kA saMyoga kara diyA jAye to yaha 'puruSArtha' zabda sampUrNa mAnava jAti ke uddezya yA prayojana kI abhivyakti karatA hai| isI kAraNa se isI artha meM prAcIna bhAratIya granthoM meM 'puruSArtha catuSTaya' kA ullekha milatA hai"dharmArthakAmamokSAya puruSArthA udAhRtAH" -agnipurANa dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM meM mAnava jAti ke jIvana kA sampUrNa dhyeya antanihita hai| ina cAroM puruSArthoM meM bhI antima puruSArtha mokSa hI zreyaskara mAnA gayA hai| prApta karane ke lie koI bhI sAdhaka prayAsazIla ho sakatA hai| bhale hI vaha sAdhaka gRhastha ho athavA gRhatyAgI ho, nara ho yA nArI ho, bAla ho yA vRddha ho, deza kA ho yA videza kA ho / anya zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki deza, kAla, vaya, jAti Adi kucha bhI sAdhaka ko sAdhya kI prApti meM bAdhaka nahIM hai| yadi kucha bAdhaka hai to sAdhaka kI hI mAnasika-durbalatA jo ki usake mana meM saMsAra ke prati moha, mamatA, tRSNA Adi vikAra ko janma de detI hai jisase vaha isa saMsAra ke mahApaMka meM Amagna ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa se hI vaha bhavacakra ke gamanAgamana kriyA se duHkhI banA rahatA hai| ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki sAdhaka apane Apa kA hitacintaka bane / kathana'6 bhI hai "purisA! tumameva tuma mittaM, ki bahiyA mittmicchsi|" isI bhAva ko upaniSadoM meM bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ to sAdhaka ko spaSTa cetAvanI dI gaI hai ki saMsAra meM yadi koI viSaya dekhane yogya hai to vaha "sva AtmA" hai aura anya kucha nahIM "AtmA vA are draSTavyaH" AtmA kA cintaka (svacintaka) banate hI sAdhaka samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna, samyakacAritra evaM samyak-tapa kA pUrNatayA evaM sarvatobhAvena vikAsa karane meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai| isa caturaMga mArga ke vikasita hote hI sAdhaka ke karmabandhana vicchinna ho jAte haiM jisake phala 15 vizeSa ke lie draSTavya-cintana kI manobhUmi-upAdhyAya amaramuni, pR0 76 16 AcArAMga 123 // 3 17 (a) "AlaMvaNaM ca me AdA"-niyamasAra 66 (ba) "AdA hu me saraNaM"-mokSa pAhuDa 105 18 (a) "aTTha vihaM pi ya kamma aribhUyaM hoi savva-jIvANaM / taM kammamarihaMtA arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti // " -Avazyakaniyukti 614
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________________ || zrI jaina didAkara- smRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 506: sAdhaka mAnavatva kI koTi se Izvaratva kI koTi meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| vastutaH mAnava ke puruSArtha kI iti hI jainadarzanAnusAra Izvaratva (arhatatva siddhatva) kI prApti hai| isa Izvaratva kI avasthA meM mAnava paramAtmabhAva ko prApta ho jAtA hai| usako prApti ke lie aprAptavya kucha nahIM rahatA apitu mAnavAtmA" apane zAzvat svarUpa meM sthita ho jAtI hai kAraNa ki usakA bandhana jo ki avidyA tathA karma ke kAraNa thA vaha jJAna se sadA-sadA ke lie vicchinna ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa jaina-darzana meM AtmA ko ananta Ananda sata mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna saMbhAvya hai ki AtmA jaba sukharUpa tathA AnandarUpa hai taba dukha kisa kAraNa se hai| yaha duHkha yathArthataH karmadeg bandhana ke kAraNa hai| isI karmabandhana se chuTakArA pAne ke lie vyakti ko puruSArtha kA (vyAvahArika artha-zakti yA prayAsa) Azraya lenA par3atA hai| yahA~ puruSArtha zArIrika zakti kA paricAyaka nahIM hai apitu mAnasika zakti kA dyotaka hai / kathana bhI hai "Rte jJAnAt na muktiH" isI jJAna rUpI puruSArtha se sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa mAnava Izvaratva ko prApta ho sakatA hai| yahI hai jainadharma kA mAnava-darzana / kisI kavi ne ucita hI kahA hai "bIja bIja hI nahIM, bIja meM taruvara bhI hai| manuja manuja hI nahIM, manuja meM Izvara bhI hai||" (-cintana kI manobhUmi, pR0 50) patADA0 kRpAzaMkara vyAsa mAravAr3a serI po0 zAjApura (ma0 pra0) * (ba) "mAnavIya cetanA kA carama vikAsa hI Izvaratva hai|" draSTavya-cintana ko manobhUmi, pR0 47 16 (a) "khavittA puvva kammAi saMjameNa taveNa ya / savvadukkha pahINaTThA pakkamaMti mahesiNo // " -uttarA0 25145 (ba) cintana kI manobhUmi, pR0 31 (sa) jaina-darzana kA vyApaka rUpa (jainadharma paricaya mAlA), pR0 20 --mahAtmA bhagavAna dIna 20 "astyAtmA'nAditobaddhaH karmabhiH karmaNAtmakaH" -(jainadharma paricaya mAlA bhAga 12)-loka prakAza 424 21 "NANaM Narassa sAro"-darzana pAhaDa 31-kundakundAcArya